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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.io;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * A destination to which bytes can be written, such as a file. Unlike an {@link OutputStream}, a
 * {@code ByteSink} is not an open, stateful stream that can be written to and closed. Instead, it
 * is an immutable supplier of {@code OutputStream} instances.
 *
 * {@code ByteSink} provides two kinds of methods:
 * 

 *   Methods that return a stream: These methods should return a new, independent
 *   instance each time they are called. The caller is responsible for ensuring that the returned
 *   stream is closed.
 *   
Convenience methods: These are implementations of common operations that are
 *   typically implemented by opening a stream using one of the methods in the first category, doing
 *   something and finally closing the stream or channel that was opened.
 * 
 *
 * @since 14.0
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
public abstract class ByteSink {

  /**
   * Constructor for use by subclasses.
   */
  protected ByteSink() {}

  /**
   * Returns a {@link CharSink} view of this {@code ByteSink} that writes characters to this sink
   * as bytes encoded with the given {@link Charset charset}.
   */
  public CharSink asCharSink(Charset charset) {
    return new AsCharSink(charset);
  }

  /**
   * Opens a new {@link OutputStream} for writing to this sink. This method should return a new,
   * independent stream each time it is called.
   *
   * The caller is responsible for ensuring that the returned stream is closed.
   *
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs in the process of opening the stream
   */
  public abstract OutputStream openStream() throws IOException;

  /**
   * Opens a new buffered {@link OutputStream} for writing to this sink. The returned stream is
   * not required to be a {@link BufferedOutputStream} in order to allow implementations to simply
   * delegate to {@link #openStream()} when the stream returned by that method does not benefit
   * from additional buffering (for example, a {@code ByteArrayOutputStream}). This method should
   * return a new, independent stream each time it is called.
   *
   * The caller is responsible for ensuring that the returned stream is closed.
   *
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs in the process of opening the stream
   * @since 15.0 (in 14.0 with return type {@link BufferedOutputStream})
   */
  public OutputStream openBufferedStream() throws IOException {
    OutputStream out = openStream();
    return (out instanceof BufferedOutputStream)
        ? (BufferedOutputStream) out
        : new BufferedOutputStream(out);
  }

  /**
   * Writes all the given bytes to this sink.
   *
   * @throws IOException if an I/O occurs in the process of writing to this sink
   */
  public void write(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(bytes);

    Closer closer = Closer.create();
    try {
      OutputStream out = closer.register(openStream());
      out.write(bytes);
      out.flush(); // https://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/issues/detail?id=1330
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      throw closer.rethrow(e);
    } finally {
      closer.close();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Writes all the bytes from the given {@code InputStream} to this sink. Does not close
   * {@code input}.
   *
   * @throws IOException if an I/O occurs in the process of reading from {@code input} or writing to
   *     this sink
   */
  public long writeFrom(InputStream input) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(input);

    Closer closer = Closer.create();
    try {
      OutputStream out = closer.register(openStream());
      long written = ByteStreams.copy(input, out);
      out.flush(); // https://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/issues/detail?id=1330
      return written;
    } catch (Throwable e) {
      throw closer.rethrow(e);
    } finally {
      closer.close();
    }
  }

  /**
   * A char sink that encodes written characters with a charset and writes resulting bytes to this
   * byte sink.
   */
  private final class AsCharSink extends CharSink {

    private final Charset charset;

    private AsCharSink(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public Writer openStream() throws IOException {
      return new OutputStreamWriter(ByteSink.this.openStream(), charset);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return ByteSink.this.toString() + ".asCharSink(" + charset + ")";
    }
  }
}