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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.io;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.io.FileWriteMode.APPEND;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.TreeTraverser;
import com.google.common.hash.HashCode;
import com.google.common.hash.HashFunction;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Provides utility methods for working with files.
 *
 * 

All method parameters must be non-null unless documented otherwise. * * @author Chris Nokleberg * @author Colin Decker * @since 1.0 */ @Beta public final class Files { /** Maximum loop count when creating temp directories. */ private static final int TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS = 10000; private Files() {} /** * Returns a buffered reader that reads from a file using the given * character set. * * @param file the file to read from * @param charset the charset used to decode the input stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @return the buffered reader */ public static BufferedReader newReader(File file, Charset charset) throws FileNotFoundException { checkNotNull(file); checkNotNull(charset); return new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), charset)); } /** * Returns a buffered writer that writes to a file using the given * character set. * * @param file the file to write to * @param charset the charset used to encode the output stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @return the buffered writer */ public static BufferedWriter newWriter(File file, Charset charset) throws FileNotFoundException { checkNotNull(file); checkNotNull(charset); return new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), charset)); } /** * Returns a new {@link ByteSource} for reading bytes from the given file. * * @since 14.0 */ public static ByteSource asByteSource(File file) { return new FileByteSource(file); } private static final class FileByteSource extends ByteSource { private final File file; private FileByteSource(File file) { this.file = checkNotNull(file); } @Override public FileInputStream openStream() throws IOException { return new FileInputStream(file); } @Override public long size() throws IOException { if (!file.isFile()) { throw new FileNotFoundException(file.toString()); } return file.length(); } @Override public byte[] read() throws IOException { Closer closer = Closer.create(); try { FileInputStream in = closer.register(openStream()); return readFile(in, in.getChannel().size()); } catch (Throwable e) { throw closer.rethrow(e); } finally { closer.close(); } } @Override public String toString() { return "Files.asByteSource(" + file + ")"; } } /** * Reads a file of the given expected size from the given input stream, if * it will fit into a byte array. This method handles the case where the file * size changes between when the size is read and when the contents are read * from the stream. */ static byte[] readFile( InputStream in, long expectedSize) throws IOException { if (expectedSize > Integer.MAX_VALUE) { throw new OutOfMemoryError("file is too large to fit in a byte array: " + expectedSize + " bytes"); } // some special files may return size 0 but have content, so read // the file normally in that case return expectedSize == 0 ? ByteStreams.toByteArray(in) : ByteStreams.toByteArray(in, (int) expectedSize); } /** * Returns a new {@link ByteSink} for writing bytes to the given file. The * given {@code modes} control how the file is opened for writing. When no * mode is provided, the file will be truncated before writing. When the * {@link FileWriteMode#APPEND APPEND} mode is provided, writes will * append to the end of the file without truncating it. * * @since 14.0 */ public static ByteSink asByteSink(File file, FileWriteMode... modes) { return new FileByteSink(file, modes); } private static final class FileByteSink extends ByteSink { private final File file; private final ImmutableSet modes; private FileByteSink(File file, FileWriteMode... modes) { this.file = checkNotNull(file); this.modes = ImmutableSet.copyOf(modes); } @Override public FileOutputStream openStream() throws IOException { return new FileOutputStream(file, modes.contains(APPEND)); } @Override public String toString() { return "Files.asByteSink(" + file + ", " + modes + ")"; } } /** * Returns a new {@link CharSource} for reading character data from the given * file using the given character set. * * @since 14.0 */ public static CharSource asCharSource(File file, Charset charset) { return asByteSource(file).asCharSource(charset); } /** * Returns a new {@link CharSink} for writing character data to the given * file using the given character set. The given {@code modes} control how * the file is opened for writing. When no mode is provided, the file * will be truncated before writing. When the * {@link FileWriteMode#APPEND APPEND} mode is provided, writes will * append to the end of the file without truncating it. * * @since 14.0 */ public static CharSink asCharSink(File file, Charset charset, FileWriteMode... modes) { return asByteSink(file, modes).asCharSink(charset); } private static FileWriteMode[] modes(boolean append) { return append ? new FileWriteMode[]{ FileWriteMode.APPEND } : new FileWriteMode[0]; } /** * Reads all bytes from a file into a byte array. * * @param file the file to read from * @return a byte array containing all the bytes from file * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file is bigger than the largest * possible byte array (2^31 - 1) * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static byte[] toByteArray(File file) throws IOException { return asByteSource(file).read(); } /** * Reads all characters from a file into a {@link String}, using the given * character set. * * @param file the file to read from * @param charset the charset used to decode the input stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @return a string containing all the characters from the file * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static String toString(File file, Charset charset) throws IOException { return asCharSource(file, charset).read(); } /** * Overwrites a file with the contents of a byte array. * * @param from the bytes to write * @param to the destination file * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static void write(byte[] from, File to) throws IOException { asByteSink(to).write(from); } /** * Copies all bytes from a file to an output stream. * * @param from the source file * @param to the output stream * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static void copy(File from, OutputStream to) throws IOException { asByteSource(from).copyTo(to); } /** * Copies all the bytes from one file to another. * *

Warning: If {@code to} represents an existing file, that file * will be overwritten with the contents of {@code from}. If {@code to} and * {@code from} refer to the same file, the contents of that file * will be deleted. * * @param from the source file * @param to the destination file * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code from.equals(to)} */ public static void copy(File from, File to) throws IOException { checkArgument(!from.equals(to), "Source %s and destination %s must be different", from, to); asByteSource(from).copyTo(asByteSink(to)); } /** * Writes a character sequence (such as a string) to a file using the given * character set. * * @param from the character sequence to write * @param to the destination file * @param charset the charset used to encode the output stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static void write(CharSequence from, File to, Charset charset) throws IOException { asCharSink(to, charset).write(from); } /** * Appends a character sequence (such as a string) to a file using the given * character set. * * @param from the character sequence to append * @param to the destination file * @param charset the charset used to encode the output stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static void append(CharSequence from, File to, Charset charset) throws IOException { write(from, to, charset, true); } /** * Private helper method. Writes a character sequence to a file, * optionally appending. * * @param from the character sequence to append * @param to the destination file * @param charset the charset used to encode the output stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @param append true to append, false to overwrite * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ private static void write(CharSequence from, File to, Charset charset, boolean append) throws IOException { asCharSink(to, charset, modes(append)).write(from); } /** * Copies all characters from a file to an appendable object, * using the given character set. * * @param from the source file * @param charset the charset used to decode the input stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @param to the appendable object * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static void copy(File from, Charset charset, Appendable to) throws IOException { asCharSource(from, charset).copyTo(to); } /** * Returns true if the files contains the same bytes. * * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static boolean equal(File file1, File file2) throws IOException { checkNotNull(file1); checkNotNull(file2); if (file1 == file2 || file1.equals(file2)) { return true; } /* * Some operating systems may return zero as the length for files * denoting system-dependent entities such as devices or pipes, in * which case we must fall back on comparing the bytes directly. */ long len1 = file1.length(); long len2 = file2.length(); if (len1 != 0 && len2 != 0 && len1 != len2) { return false; } return asByteSource(file1).contentEquals(asByteSource(file2)); } /** * Atomically creates a new directory somewhere beneath the system's * temporary directory (as defined by the {@code java.io.tmpdir} system * property), and returns its name. * *

Use this method instead of {@link File#createTempFile(String, String)} * when you wish to create a directory, not a regular file. A common pitfall * is to call {@code createTempFile}, delete the file and create a * directory in its place, but this leads a race condition which can be * exploited to create security vulnerabilities, especially when executable * files are to be written into the directory. * *

This method assumes that the temporary volume is writable, has free * inodes and free blocks, and that it will not be called thousands of times * per second. * * @return the newly-created directory * @throws IllegalStateException if the directory could not be created */ public static File createTempDir() { File baseDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")); String baseName = System.currentTimeMillis() + "-"; for (int counter = 0; counter < TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS; counter++) { File tempDir = new File(baseDir, baseName + counter); if (tempDir.mkdir()) { return tempDir; } } throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create directory within " + TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS + " attempts (tried " + baseName + "0 to " + baseName + (TEMP_DIR_ATTEMPTS - 1) + ')'); } /** * Creates an empty file or updates the last updated timestamp on the * same as the unix command of the same name. * * @param file the file to create or update * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static void touch(File file) throws IOException { checkNotNull(file); if (!file.createNewFile() && !file.setLastModified(System.currentTimeMillis())) { throw new IOException("Unable to update modification time of " + file); } } /** * Creates any necessary but nonexistent parent directories of the specified * file. Note that if this operation fails it may have succeeded in creating * some (but not all) of the necessary parent directories. * * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, or if any necessary but * nonexistent parent directories of the specified file could not be * created. * @since 4.0 */ public static void createParentDirs(File file) throws IOException { checkNotNull(file); File parent = file.getCanonicalFile().getParentFile(); if (parent == null) { /* * The given directory is a filesystem root. All zero of its ancestors * exist. This doesn't mean that the root itself exists -- consider x:\ on * a Windows machine without such a drive -- or even that the caller can * create it, but this method makes no such guarantees even for non-root * files. */ return; } parent.mkdirs(); if (!parent.isDirectory()) { throw new IOException("Unable to create parent directories of " + file); } } /** * Moves a file from one path to another. This method can rename a file * and/or move it to a different directory. In either case {@code to} must * be the target path for the file itself; not just the new name for the * file or the path to the new parent directory. * * @param from the source file * @param to the destination file * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code from.equals(to)} */ public static void move(File from, File to) throws IOException { checkNotNull(from); checkNotNull(to); checkArgument(!from.equals(to), "Source %s and destination %s must be different", from, to); if (!from.renameTo(to)) { copy(from, to); if (!from.delete()) { if (!to.delete()) { throw new IOException("Unable to delete " + to); } throw new IOException("Unable to delete " + from); } } } /** * Reads the first line from a file. The line does not include * line-termination characters, but does include other leading and * trailing whitespace. * * @param file the file to read from * @param charset the charset used to decode the input stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @return the first line, or null if the file is empty * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static String readFirstLine(File file, Charset charset) throws IOException { return asCharSource(file, charset).readFirstLine(); } /** * Reads all of the lines from a file. The lines do not include * line-termination characters, but do include other leading and * trailing whitespace. * *

This method returns a mutable {@code List}. For an * {@code ImmutableList}, use * {@code Files.asCharSource(file, charset).readLines()}. * * @param file the file to read from * @param charset the charset used to decode the input stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @return a mutable {@link List} containing all the lines * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static List readLines(File file, Charset charset) throws IOException { // don't use asCharSource(file, charset).readLines() because that returns // an immutable list, which would change the behavior of this method return readLines(file, charset, new LineProcessor>() { final List result = Lists.newArrayList(); @Override public boolean processLine(String line) { result.add(line); return true; } @Override public List getResult() { return result; } }); } /** * Streams lines from a {@link File}, stopping when our callback returns * false, or we have read all of the lines. * * @param file the file to read from * @param charset the charset used to decode the input stream; see {@link * Charsets} for helpful predefined constants * @param callback the {@link LineProcessor} to use to handle the lines * @return the output of processing the lines * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static T readLines(File file, Charset charset, LineProcessor callback) throws IOException { return asCharSource(file, charset).readLines(callback); } /** * Process the bytes of a file. * *

(If this seems too complicated, maybe you're looking for * {@link #toByteArray}.) * * @param file the file to read * @param processor the object to which the bytes of the file are passed. * @return the result of the byte processor * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs */ public static T readBytes(File file, ByteProcessor processor) throws IOException { return asByteSource(file).read(processor); } /** * Computes the hash code of the {@code file} using {@code hashFunction}. * * @param file the file to read * @param hashFunction the hash function to use to hash the data * @return the {@link HashCode} of all of the bytes in the file * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs * @since 12.0 */ public static HashCode hash(File file, HashFunction hashFunction) throws IOException { return asByteSource(file).hash(hashFunction); } /** * Fully maps a file read-only in to memory as per * {@link FileChannel#map(java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode, long, long)}. * *

Files are mapped from offset 0 to its length. * *

This only works for files <= {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} bytes. * * @param file the file to map * @return a read-only buffer reflecting {@code file} * @throws FileNotFoundException if the {@code file} does not exist * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs * * @see FileChannel#map(MapMode, long, long) * @since 2.0 */ public static MappedByteBuffer map(File file) throws IOException { checkNotNull(file); return map(file, MapMode.READ_ONLY); } /** * Fully maps a file in to memory as per * {@link FileChannel#map(java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode, long, long)} * using the requested {@link MapMode}. * *

Files are mapped from offset 0 to its length. * *

This only works for files <= {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} bytes. * * @param file the file to map * @param mode the mode to use when mapping {@code file} * @return a buffer reflecting {@code file} * @throws FileNotFoundException if the {@code file} does not exist * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs * * @see FileChannel#map(MapMode, long, long) * @since 2.0 */ public static MappedByteBuffer map(File file, MapMode mode) throws IOException { checkNotNull(file); checkNotNull(mode); if (!file.exists()) { throw new FileNotFoundException(file.toString()); } return map(file, mode, file.length()); } /** * Maps a file in to memory as per * {@link FileChannel#map(java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode, long, long)} * using the requested {@link MapMode}. * *

Files are mapped from offset 0 to {@code size}. * *

If the mode is {@link MapMode#READ_WRITE} and the file does not exist, * it will be created with the requested {@code size}. Thus this method is * useful for creating memory mapped files which do not yet exist. * *

This only works for files <= {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} bytes. * * @param file the file to map * @param mode the mode to use when mapping {@code file} * @return a buffer reflecting {@code file} * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs * * @see FileChannel#map(MapMode, long, long) * @since 2.0 */ public static MappedByteBuffer map(File file, MapMode mode, long size) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { checkNotNull(file); checkNotNull(mode); Closer closer = Closer.create(); try { RandomAccessFile raf = closer.register( new RandomAccessFile(file, mode == MapMode.READ_ONLY ? "r" : "rw")); return map(raf, mode, size); } catch (Throwable e) { throw closer.rethrow(e); } finally { closer.close(); } } private static MappedByteBuffer map(RandomAccessFile raf, MapMode mode, long size) throws IOException { Closer closer = Closer.create(); try { FileChannel channel = closer.register(raf.getChannel()); return channel.map(mode, 0, size); } catch (Throwable e) { throw closer.rethrow(e); } finally { closer.close(); } } /** * Returns the lexically cleaned form of the path name, usually (but * not always) equivalent to the original. The following heuristics are used: * *

    *
  • empty string becomes . *
  • . stays as . *
  • fold out ./ *
  • fold out ../ when possible *
  • collapse multiple slashes *
  • delete trailing slashes (unless the path is just "/") *
* *

These heuristics do not always match the behavior of the filesystem. In * particular, consider the path {@code a/../b}, which {@code simplifyPath} * will change to {@code b}. If {@code a} is a symlink to {@code x}, {@code * a/../b} may refer to a sibling of {@code x}, rather than the sibling of * {@code a} referred to by {@code b}. * * @since 11.0 */ public static String simplifyPath(String pathname) { checkNotNull(pathname); if (pathname.length() == 0) { return "."; } // split the path apart Iterable components = Splitter.on('/').omitEmptyStrings().split(pathname); List path = new ArrayList(); // resolve ., .., and // for (String component : components) { if (component.equals(".")) { continue; } else if (component.equals("..")) { if (path.size() > 0 && !path.get(path.size() - 1).equals("..")) { path.remove(path.size() - 1); } else { path.add(".."); } } else { path.add(component); } } // put it back together String result = Joiner.on('/').join(path); if (pathname.charAt(0) == '/') { result = "/" + result; } while (result.startsWith("/../")) { result = result.substring(3); } if (result.equals("/..")) { result = "/"; } else if ("".equals(result)) { result = "."; } return result; } /** * Returns the file * extension for the given file name, or the empty string if the file has * no extension. The result does not include the '{@code .}'. * * @since 11.0 */ public static String getFileExtension(String fullName) { checkNotNull(fullName); String fileName = new File(fullName).getName(); int dotIndex = fileName.lastIndexOf('.'); return (dotIndex == -1) ? "" : fileName.substring(dotIndex + 1); } /** * Returns the file name without its * file extension or path. This is * similar to the {@code basename} unix command. The result does not include the '{@code .}'. * * @param file The name of the file to trim the extension from. This can be either a fully * qualified file name (including a path) or just a file name. * @return The file name without its path or extension. * @since 14.0 */ public static String getNameWithoutExtension(String file) { checkNotNull(file); String fileName = new File(file).getName(); int dotIndex = fileName.lastIndexOf('.'); return (dotIndex == -1) ? fileName : fileName.substring(0, dotIndex); } /** * Returns a {@link TreeTraverser} instance for {@link File} trees. * *

Warning: {@code File} provides no support for symbolic links, and as such there is no * way to ensure that a symbolic link to a directory is not followed when traversing the tree. * In this case, iterables created by this traverser could contain files that are outside of the * given directory or even be infinite if there is a symbolic link loop. * * @since 15.0 */ public static TreeTraverser fileTreeTraverser() { return FILE_TREE_TRAVERSER; } private static final TreeTraverser FILE_TREE_TRAVERSER = new TreeTraverser() { @Override public Iterable children(File file) { // check isDirectory() just because it may be faster than listFiles() on a non-directory if (file.isDirectory()) { File[] files = file.listFiles(); if (files != null) { return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(files)); } } return Collections.emptyList(); } @Override public String toString() { return "Files.fileTreeTraverser()"; } }; /** * Returns a predicate that returns the result of {@link File#isDirectory} on input files. * * @since 15.0 */ public static Predicate isDirectory() { return FilePredicate.IS_DIRECTORY; } /** * Returns a predicate that returns the result of {@link File#isFile} on input files. * * @since 15.0 */ public static Predicate isFile() { return FilePredicate.IS_FILE; } private enum FilePredicate implements Predicate { IS_DIRECTORY { @Override public boolean apply(File file) { return file.isDirectory(); } @Override public String toString() { return "Files.isDirectory()"; } }, IS_FILE { @Override public boolean apply(File file) { return file.isFile(); } @Override public String toString() { return "Files.isFile()"; } }; } }





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