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/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.ipc;

import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.NoRouteToHostException;
import java.net.PortUnreachableException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;

import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;

import org.apache.commons.logging.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.ServiceAuthorizationManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.metrics.util.MetricsTimeVaryingRate;

/** A simple RPC mechanism.
 *
 * A protocol is a Java interface.  All parameters and return types must
 * be one of:
 *
 * 
  • a primitive type, boolean, byte, * char, short, int, long, * float, double, or void; or
  • * *
  • a {@link String}; or
  • * *
  • a {@link Writable}; or
  • * *
  • an array of the above types
* * All methods in the protocol should throw only IOException. No field data of * the protocol instance is transmitted. */ public class RPC { private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(RPC.class); private RPC() {} // no public ctor /** A method invocation, including the method name and its parameters.*/ private static class Invocation implements Writable, Configurable { private String methodName; private Class[] parameterClasses; private Object[] parameters; private Configuration conf; public Invocation() {} public Invocation(Method method, Object[] parameters) { this.methodName = method.getName(); this.parameterClasses = method.getParameterTypes(); this.parameters = parameters; } /** The name of the method invoked. */ public String getMethodName() { return methodName; } /** The parameter classes. */ public Class[] getParameterClasses() { return parameterClasses; } /** The parameter instances. */ public Object[] getParameters() { return parameters; } public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException { methodName = UTF8.readString(in); parameters = new Object[in.readInt()]; parameterClasses = new Class[parameters.length]; ObjectWritable objectWritable = new ObjectWritable(); for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) { parameters[i] = ObjectWritable.readObject(in, objectWritable, this.conf); parameterClasses[i] = objectWritable.getDeclaredClass(); } } public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException { UTF8.writeString(out, methodName); out.writeInt(parameterClasses.length); for (int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++) { ObjectWritable.writeObject(out, parameters[i], parameterClasses[i], conf); } } public String toString() { StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append(methodName); buffer.append("("); for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) { if (i != 0) buffer.append(", "); buffer.append(parameters[i]); } buffer.append(")"); return buffer.toString(); } public void setConf(Configuration conf) { this.conf = conf; } public Configuration getConf() { return this.conf; } } /* Cache a client using its socket factory as the hash key */ static private class ClientCache { private Map clients = new HashMap(); /** * Construct & cache an IPC client with the user-provided SocketFactory * if no cached client exists. * * @param conf Configuration * @return an IPC client */ private synchronized Client getClient(Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory) { // Construct & cache client. The configuration is only used for timeout, // and Clients have connection pools. So we can either (a) lose some // connection pooling and leak sockets, or (b) use the same timeout for all // configurations. Since the IPC is usually intended globally, not // per-job, we choose (a). Client client = clients.get(factory); if (client == null) { client = new Client(ObjectWritable.class, conf, factory); clients.put(factory, client); } else { client.incCount(); } return client; } /** * Construct & cache an IPC client with the default SocketFactory * if no cached client exists. * * @param conf Configuration * @return an IPC client */ private synchronized Client getClient(Configuration conf) { return getClient(conf, SocketFactory.getDefault()); } /** * Stop a RPC client connection * A RPC client is closed only when its reference count becomes zero. */ private void stopClient(Client client) { synchronized (this) { client.decCount(); if (client.isZeroReference()) { clients.remove(client.getSocketFactory()); } } if (client.isZeroReference()) { client.stop(); } } } private static ClientCache CLIENTS=new ClientCache(); private static class Invoker implements InvocationHandler { private InetSocketAddress address; private UserGroupInformation ticket; private Client client; private boolean isClosed = false; private boolean needCheckDnsUpdate = false; private long timeLastDnsCheck = 0; final private long MIN_DNS_CHECK_INTERVAL_MSEC = 120 * 1000 ; final private int rpcTimeout; final private Class protocol; public Invoker(InetSocketAddress address, UserGroupInformation ticket, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory, int rpcTimeout, Class protocol) { this.address = address; this.ticket = ticket; this.client = CLIENTS.getClient(conf, factory); this.rpcTimeout = rpcTimeout; this.protocol = protocol; } private synchronized InetSocketAddress getAddress() { if (needCheckDnsUpdate && address != null && address.getHostName() != null && System.currentTimeMillis() - this.timeLastDnsCheck > MIN_DNS_CHECK_INTERVAL_MSEC) { try { String hostName = address.getHostName() + ":" + address.getPort(); InetSocketAddress newAddr = NetUtils.createSocketAddr(hostName); if (!newAddr.equals(address)) { LOG.info("DNS change: " + newAddr); address = newAddr; } } finally { this.timeLastDnsCheck = System.currentTimeMillis(); } } needCheckDnsUpdate = false; return address; } public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { final boolean logDebug = LOG.isDebugEnabled(); long startTime = 0; if (logDebug) { startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); } ObjectWritable value = null; try { value = (ObjectWritable) client.call(new Invocation(method, args), getAddress(), protocol, ticket, rpcTimeout); } catch (RemoteException re) { throw re; } catch (ConnectException ce) { needCheckDnsUpdate = true; throw ce; } catch (NoRouteToHostException nrhe) { needCheckDnsUpdate = true; throw nrhe; } catch (PortUnreachableException pue) { needCheckDnsUpdate = true; throw pue; } if (logDebug) { long callTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; LOG.debug("Call: " + method.getName() + " " + callTime); } return value.get(); } /* close the IPC client that's responsible for this invoker's RPCs */ synchronized private void close() { if (!isClosed) { isClosed = true; CLIENTS.stopClient(client); } } } /** * An exception indicating that the client and server have * incompatible versions. They are not able to communicate with each other. */ public static class VersionIncompatible extends IOException { private String interfaceName; private long clientVersion; private long serverVersion; /** * Create a version incompatible exception * @param interfaceName the name of the protocol mismatch * @param clientVersion the client's version of the protocol * @param serverVersion the server's version of the protocol */ public VersionIncompatible(String interfaceName, long clientVersion, long serverVersion) { super("Protocol " + interfaceName + " version mismatch. (client = " + clientVersion + ", server = " + serverVersion + ")"); this.interfaceName = interfaceName; this.clientVersion = clientVersion; this.serverVersion = serverVersion; } /** * Get the interface name * @return the java class name * (eg. org.apache.hadoop.mapred.InterTrackerProtocol) */ public String getInterfaceName() { return interfaceName; } /** * Get the client's preferred version */ public long getClientVersion() { return clientVersion; } /** * Get the server's agreed to version. */ public long getServerVersion() { return serverVersion; } } /** * A version mismatch for the RPC protocol. * * The client & server have different versions. * But the server is not able to determine if they are compatible * mostly because the client is newer than the server. * So the proxy is created and the application client is left to decide * if the client & server are compatible or not. */ public static class VersionMismatch extends VersionIncompatible { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private final VersionedProtocol proxy; /** * Create a version mismatch exception * * @param interfaceName the name of the protocol mismatch * @param clientVersion the client's version of the protocol * @param serverVersion the server's version of the protocol */ public VersionMismatch(String interfaceName, long clientVersion, long serverVersion) { super(interfaceName, clientVersion, serverVersion); proxy = null; } /** * Create a version mismatch exception * * @param interfaceName the name of the protocol mismatch * @param clientVersion the client's version of the protocol * @param serverVersion the server's version of the protocol * @param proxy the proxy */ public VersionMismatch(String interfaceName, long clientVersion, long serverVersion, VersionedProtocol proxy) { super(interfaceName, clientVersion, serverVersion); this.proxy = proxy; } /** * Return the proxy */ public VersionedProtocol getProxy() { return proxy; } } public static T waitForProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf ) throws IOException { return waitForProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf).getProxy(); } public static ProtocolProxy waitForProtocolProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf ) throws IOException { return waitForProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf, Long.MAX_VALUE); } public static T waitForProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf, long timeout ) throws IOException { return waitForProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf, timeout). getProxy(); } public static ProtocolProxy waitForProtocolProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf, long timeout ) throws IOException { return waitForProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf, timeout, 0); } /** * Get a proxy connection to a remote server * @param protocol protocol class * @param clientVersion client version * @param addr remote address * @param conf configuration to use * @param connTimeout time in milliseconds before giving up * @param rpcTimeout timeout for each RPC * @return the proxy * @throws IOException if the far end through a RemoteException */ public static T waitForProxy(Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf, long connTimeout, int rpcTimeout) throws IOException { return waitForProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf, connTimeout, rpcTimeout).getProxy(); } /** * Get a proxy connection to a remote server * @param protocol protocol class * @param clientVersion client version * @param addr remote address * @param conf configuration to use * @param rpcTimeout timeout for each RPC * @param timeout time in milliseconds before giving up * @return the proxy * @throws IOException if the far end through a RemoteException */ static ProtocolProxy waitForProtocolProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf, long timeout, int rpcTimeout ) throws IOException { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); UserGroupInformation ugi = null; try { ugi = UserGroupInformation.login(conf); } catch (LoginException le) { throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't login!"); } IOException ioe; while (true) { try { return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, ugi, conf, NetUtils.getDefaultSocketFactory(conf), rpcTimeout); } catch(ConnectException se) { // namenode has not been started LOG.info("Server at " + addr + " not available yet, Zzzzz..."); ioe = se; } catch(SocketTimeoutException te) { // namenode is busy LOG.info("Problem connecting to server: " + addr); ioe = te; } // check if timed out if (System.currentTimeMillis()-timeout >= startTime) { throw ioe; } // wait for retry try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { // IGNORE } } } /** Construct a client-side proxy object that implements the named protocol, * talking to a server at the named address. */ public static T getProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory) throws IOException { return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf, factory).getProxy(); } /** Construct a client-side protocol proxy that contains a set of server * methods and a proxy object implementing the named protocol, * talking to a server at the named address. */ public static ProtocolProxy getProtocolProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory) throws IOException { UserGroupInformation ugi = null; try { ugi = UserGroupInformation.login(conf); } catch (LoginException le) { throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't login!"); } return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, ugi, conf, factory); } /** Construct a client-side proxy object that implements the named protocol, * talking to a server at the named address. */ public static T getProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, UserGroupInformation ticket, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory) throws IOException { return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, ticket, conf, factory).getProxy(); } /** Construct a client-side protocol proxy that contains a set of server * methods and a proxy object implementing the named protocol, * talking to a server at the named address. */ public static ProtocolProxy getProtocolProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, UserGroupInformation ticket, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory) throws IOException { return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, ticket, conf, factory, 0); } /** * Construct a client-side proxy that implements the named protocol, * talking to a server at the named address. * * @param protocol protocol * @param clientVersion client's version * @param addr server address * @param ticket security ticket * @param conf configuration * @param factory socket factory * @param rpcTimeout max time for each rpc; 0 means no timeout * @return the proxy * @throws IOException if any error occurs */ public static T getProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, UserGroupInformation ticket, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory, int rpcTimeout) throws IOException { return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, ticket, conf, factory, rpcTimeout).getProxy(); } /** * Construct a client-side proxy that implements the named protocol, * talking to a server at the named address. * * @param protocol protocol * @param clientVersion client's version * @param addr server address * @param ticket security ticket * @param conf configuration * @param factory socket factory * @param rpcTimeout max time for each rpc; 0 means no timeout * @return the proxy * @throws IOException if any error occurs */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static ProtocolProxy getProtocolProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, UserGroupInformation ticket, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory, int rpcTimeout) throws IOException { T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance( protocol.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { protocol }, new Invoker(addr, ticket, conf, factory, rpcTimeout, protocol)); String protocolName = protocol.getName(); try { ProtocolSignature serverInfo = proxy .getProtocolSignature(protocolName, clientVersion, ProtocolSignature.getFingerprint(protocol.getMethods())); return new ProtocolProxy(protocol, proxy, serverInfo.getMethods()); } catch (RemoteException re) { IOException ioe = re.unwrapRemoteException(IOException.class); if (ioe.getMessage().startsWith(IOException.class.getName() + ": " + NoSuchMethodException.class.getName())) { // Method getProtocolSignature not supported long serverVersion = proxy.getProtocolVersion(protocol.getName(), clientVersion); if (serverVersion == clientVersion) { return new ProtocolProxy(protocol, proxy, null); } throw new VersionMismatch(protocolName, clientVersion, serverVersion, proxy); } throw re; } } /** * Construct a client-side proxy object with the default SocketFactory * * @param protocol * @param clientVersion * @param addr * @param conf * @return a proxy instance * @throws IOException */ public static T getProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf) throws IOException { return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf).getProxy(); } /** * Construct a client-side proxy object with the default SocketFactory * * @param protocol * @param clientVersion * @param addr * @param conf * @return a proxy instance * @throws IOException */ public static ProtocolProxy getProtocolProxy( Class protocol, long clientVersion, InetSocketAddress addr, Configuration conf) throws IOException { return getProtocolProxy(protocol, clientVersion, addr, conf, NetUtils .getDefaultSocketFactory(conf)); } /** * Stop this proxy and release its invoker's resource * @param * @param proxy the proxy to be stopped */ public static void stopProxy(T proxy) { if (proxy!=null) { ((Invoker)Proxy.getInvocationHandler(proxy)).close(); } } /** * Expert: Make multiple, parallel calls to a set of servers. * @deprecated Use {@link #call(Method, Object[][], InetSocketAddress[], UserGroupInformation, Configuration)} instead */ public static Object[] call(Method method, Object[][] params, InetSocketAddress[] addrs, Configuration conf) throws IOException { return call(method, params, addrs, null, conf); } /** Expert: Make multiple, parallel calls to a set of servers. */ public static Object[] call(Method method, Object[][] params, InetSocketAddress[] addrs, UserGroupInformation ticket, Configuration conf) throws IOException { Invocation[] invocations = new Invocation[params.length]; for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) invocations[i] = new Invocation(method, params[i]); Client client = CLIENTS.getClient(conf); try { Writable[] wrappedValues = client.call(invocations, addrs, method.getDeclaringClass(), ticket); if (method.getReturnType() == Void.TYPE) { return null; } Object[] values = (Object[])Array.newInstance(method.getReturnType(), wrappedValues.length); for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) if (wrappedValues[i] != null) values[i] = ((ObjectWritable)wrappedValues[i]).get(); return values; } finally { CLIENTS.stopClient(client); } } static Client getClient(Configuration conf, SocketFactory socketFactory) { return CLIENTS.getClient(conf, socketFactory); } /** Construct a server for a protocol implementation instance listening on a * port and address. */ public static Server getServer(final Object instance, final String bindAddress, final int port, Configuration conf) throws IOException { return getServer(instance, bindAddress, port, 1, false, conf); } /** Construct a server for a protocol implementation instance listening on a * port and address. */ public static Server getServer(final Object instance, final String bindAddress, final int port, final int numHandlers, final boolean verbose, Configuration conf) throws IOException { return new Server(instance, conf, bindAddress, port, numHandlers, verbose); } /** An RPC Server. */ public static class Server extends org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server { private Object instance; private boolean verbose; private boolean authorize = false; /** Construct an RPC server. * @param instance the instance whose methods will be called * @param conf the configuration to use * @param bindAddress the address to bind on to listen for connection * @param port the port to listen for connections on */ public Server(Object instance, Configuration conf, String bindAddress, int port) throws IOException { this(instance, conf, bindAddress, port, 1, false); } private static String classNameBase(String className) { String[] names = className.split("\\.", -1); if (names == null || names.length == 0) { return className; } return names[names.length-1]; } /** Construct an RPC server. * @param instance the instance whose methods will be called * @param conf the configuration to use * @param bindAddress the address to bind on to listen for connection * @param port the port to listen for connections on * @param numHandlers the number of method handler threads to run * @param verbose whether each call should be logged */ public Server(Object instance, Configuration conf, String bindAddress, int port, int numHandlers, boolean verbose) throws IOException { super(bindAddress, port, Invocation.class, numHandlers, conf, classNameBase(instance.getClass().getName())); this.instance = instance; this.verbose = verbose; this.authorize = conf.getBoolean(ServiceAuthorizationManager.SERVICE_AUTHORIZATION_CONFIG, false); } public Writable call(Class protocol, Writable param, long receivedTime) throws IOException { try { Invocation call = (Invocation)param; if (verbose) log("Call: " + call); Method method = protocol.getMethod(call.getMethodName(), call.getParameterClasses()); method.setAccessible(true); int qTime = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis()-receivedTime); long startNanoTime = System.nanoTime(); Object value = method.invoke(instance, call.getParameters()); long processingMicroTime = (System.nanoTime() - startNanoTime) / 1000; if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("Served: " + call.getMethodName() + " queueTime (millisec)= " + qTime + " procesingTime (microsec)= " + processingMicroTime); } rpcMetrics.rpcQueueTime.inc(qTime); rpcMetrics.rpcProcessingTime.inc(processingMicroTime); MetricsTimeVaryingRate m = (MetricsTimeVaryingRate) rpcMetrics.registry.get(call.getMethodName()); if (m == null) { try { m = new MetricsTimeVaryingRate(call.getMethodName(), rpcMetrics.registry); } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) { // the metrics has been registered; re-fetch the handle LOG.debug("Error register " + call.getMethodName(), iae); m = (MetricsTimeVaryingRate) rpcMetrics.registry.get( call.getMethodName()); } } // record call time in microseconds m.inc(processingMicroTime); if (verbose) log("Return: "+value); return new ObjectWritable(method.getReturnType(), value); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Throwable target = e.getTargetException(); if (target instanceof IOException) { throw (IOException)target; } else { IOException ioe = new IOException(target.toString()); ioe.setStackTrace(target.getStackTrace()); throw ioe; } } catch (Throwable e) { if (!(e instanceof IOException)) { LOG.error("Unexpected throwable object ", e); } IOException ioe = new IOException(e.toString()); ioe.setStackTrace(e.getStackTrace()); throw ioe; } } @Override public void authorize(Subject user, ConnectionHeader connection) throws AuthorizationException { if (authorize) { Class protocol = null; try { protocol = getProtocolClass(connection.getProtocol(), getConf()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException cfne) { throw new AuthorizationException("Unknown protocol: " + connection.getProtocol()); } ServiceAuthorizationManager.authorize(user, protocol); } } } private static void log(String value) { if (value!= null && value.length() > 55) value = value.substring(0, 55)+"..."; LOG.info(value); } }




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