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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.
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/*
* Copyright (c) 2005, Graph Builder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* * Neither the name of Graph Builder nor the names of its contributors may be
* used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.

* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

package com.graphbuilder.struc;

/**
Bag is a container of objects using an array.  The Bag is designed to be as light weight as possible.
It only contains a reference to an array and a size counter.  In methods that accept both an Object and
an int as parameters, the Object is always specified first.
*/
public class Bag {

	protected Object[] data = null;
	protected int size = 0;

	public Bag() {
		data = new Object[2];
	}

	public Bag(int initialCapacity) {
		data = new Object[initialCapacity];
	}

	public Bag(Object[] data, int size) {
		if (data == null)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("data array cannot be null.");

		if (size < 0 || size > data.length)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("required: (size >= 0 && size <= data.length) but: (size = " + size + ", data.length = " + data.length + ")");

		this.data = data;
		this.size = size;
	}

	public void add(Object o) {
		insert(o, size);
	}

	public int size() {
		return size;
	}

	public void setSize(int s) {
		if (s < 0 || s > data.length)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("required: (size >= 0 && size <= data.length) but: (size = " + size + ", data.length = " + data.length + ")");

		size = s;
	}

	public void insert(Object o, int index) {
		if (index < 0 || index > size)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("required: (index >= 0 && index <= size) but: (index = " + index + ", size = " + size + ")");

		ensureCapacity(size + 1);

		for (int i = size; i > index; i--)
			data[i] = data[i - 1];

		data[index] = o;
		size++;
	}

	public void ensureCapacity(int capacity) {
		if (capacity > data.length) {
			int x = 2 * data.length;

			if (x < capacity)
				x = capacity;

			Object[] arr = new Object[x];

			for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
				arr[i] = data[i];

			data = arr;
		}
	}

	public int getCapacity() {
		return data.length;
	}

	private int find(Object o, int i, boolean forward) {
		if (i < 0 || i >= size) return -1;

		if (forward) {
			if (o == null) {
				for (; i < size; i++)
					if (data[i] == null)
						return i;
			}
			else {
				for (; i < size; i++)
					if (o.equals(data[i]))
						return i;
			}
		}
		else {
			if (o == null) {
				for (; i >= 0; i--)
					if (data[i] == null)
						return i;
			}
			else {
				for (; i >= 0; i--)
					if (o.equals(data[i]))
						return i;
			}
		}
		return -1;
	}

	public int remove(Object o) {
		int i = find(o, 0, true);
		if (i >= 0)
			remove(i);
		return i;
	}

	public Object remove(int index) {
		if (index < 0 || index >= size)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("required: (index >= 0 && index < size) but: (index = " + index + ", size = " + size + ")");

		Object o = data[index];

		for (int i = index + 1; i < size; i++)
			data[i-1] = data[i];

		data[--size] = null;
		return o;
	}

	public Object get(int index) {
		if (index < 0 || index >= size)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("required: (index >= 0 && index < size) but: (index = " + index + ", size = " + size + ")");

		return data[index];
	}

	public Object set(Object o, int index) {
		if (index < 0 || index >= size)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("required: (index >= 0 && index < size) but: (index = " + index + ", size = " + size + ")");

		Object old = data[index];
		data[index] = o;
		return old;
	}

	public boolean contains(Object o) {
		return find(o, 0, true) >= 0;
	}

	public boolean isEmpty() {
		return size == 0;
	}

	public void trimArray() {
		if (size < data.length) {
			Object[] arr = new Object[size];
			for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
				arr[i] = data[i];
			data = arr;
		}
	}

	public int indexOf(Object o) {
		return find(o, 0, true);
	}

	public int indexOf(Object o, int startIndex) {
		return find(o, startIndex, true);
	}

	public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
		return find(o, size - 1, false);
	}

	public int lastIndexOf(Object o, int startIndex) {
		return find(o, startIndex, false);
	}
}