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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.

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/*
 *  ====================================================================
 *    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 *    contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 *    this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *    The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 *    (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 *    the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 * ====================================================================
 */
package org.apache.poi.hwpf.model;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.apache.poi.util.LittleEndian;

/**
 * The Xst structure is a string. The string is prepended by its length and is
 * not null-terminated.
 * 
 * Documentation quoted from Page 424 of 621. [MS-DOC] -- v20110315 Word (.doc)
 * Binary File Format
 * 
 * @author Sergey Vladimirov (vlsergey {at} gmail {dot} com)
 */
public class Xst
{

    /**
     * An unsigned integer that specifies the number of characters that are
     * contained in the rgtchar array.
     */
    private int _cch;

    /**
     * An array of 16-bit Unicode characters that make up a string.
     */
    private char[] _rgtchar;

    public Xst()
    {
        _cch = 0;
        _rgtchar = new char[0];
    }

    public Xst( byte[] data, int startOffset )
    {
        int offset = startOffset;

        _cch = LittleEndian.getUShort( data, offset );
        offset += LittleEndian.SHORT_SIZE;

        _rgtchar = new char[_cch];
        for ( int x = 0; x < _cch; x++ )
        {
            _rgtchar[x] = (char) LittleEndian.getShort( data, offset );
            offset += LittleEndian.SHORT_SIZE;
        }

    }

    public Xst( String str )
    {
        _cch = str.length();
        _rgtchar = str.toCharArray();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals( Object obj )
    {
        if ( this == obj )
            return true;
        if ( obj == null )
            return false;
        if ( getClass() != obj.getClass() )
            return false;
        Xst other = (Xst) obj;
        if ( _cch != other._cch )
            return false;
        if ( !Arrays.equals( _rgtchar, other._rgtchar ) )
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    public String getAsJavaString()
    {
        return new String( _rgtchar );
    }

    /**
     * An unsigned integer that specifies the number of characters that are
     * contained in the rgtchar array.
     */
    public int getCch()
    {
        return _cch;
    }

    /**
     * An array of 16-bit Unicode characters that make up a string.
     */
    public char[] getRgtchar()
    {
        return _rgtchar;
    }

    public int getSize()
    {
        return LittleEndian.SHORT_SIZE + _rgtchar.length * 2;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode()
    {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + _cch;
        result = prime * result + Arrays.hashCode( _rgtchar );
        return result;
    }

    public void serialize( byte[] data, int startOffset )
    {
        int offset = startOffset;

        LittleEndian.putUShort( data, offset, _cch );
        offset += LittleEndian.SHORT_SIZE;

        for ( char c : _rgtchar )
        {
            LittleEndian.putShort( data, offset, (short) c );
            offset += LittleEndian.SHORT_SIZE;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return "Xst [" + _cch + "; " + Arrays.toString(_rgtchar) + "]";
    }
}