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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.
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/*
 *  ====================================================================
 *    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 *    contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 *    this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *    The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 *    (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 *    the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 * ====================================================================
 */

package org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ConditionalFormatting;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ConditionalFormattingRule;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.spreadsheetml.x2006.main.CTConditionalFormatting;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;

/**
 * @author Yegor Kozlov
 */
public class XSSFConditionalFormatting implements ConditionalFormatting {
    private final CTConditionalFormatting _cf;
    private final XSSFSheet _sh;

    /*package*/ XSSFConditionalFormatting(XSSFSheet sh) {
        _cf = CTConditionalFormatting.Factory.newInstance();
        _sh = sh;
    }

    /*package*/ XSSFConditionalFormatting(
            XSSFSheet sh, CTConditionalFormatting cf) {
        _cf = cf;
        _sh = sh;
    }

    /*package*/  CTConditionalFormatting getCTConditionalFormatting() {
        return _cf;
    }

    /**
     * @return array of CellRangeAddresss. Never null
     */
    @Override
    public CellRangeAddress[] getFormattingRanges() {
        ArrayList lst = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Object stRef : _cf.getSqref()) {
            String[] regions = stRef.toString().split(" ");
            for (final String region : regions) {
                lst.add(CellRangeAddress.valueOf(region));
            }
        }
        return lst.toArray(new CellRangeAddress[lst.size()]);
    }

    @Override
    public void setFormattingRanges(CellRangeAddress[] ranges) {
        if (ranges == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("cellRanges must not be null");
        }
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        boolean first = true;
        for (CellRangeAddress range : ranges) {
            if (!first) {
                sb.append(" ");
            } else {
                first = false;
            }
            sb.append(range.formatAsString());
        }
        _cf.setSqref(Collections.singletonList(sb.toString()));
    }

    /**
     * Replaces an existing Conditional Formatting rule at position idx.
     * Excel allows to create up to 3 Conditional Formatting rules.
     * This method can be useful to modify existing  Conditional Formatting rules.
     *
     * @param idx    position of the rule. Should be between 0 and 2.
     * @param cfRule - Conditional Formatting rule
     */
    @Override
    public void setRule(int idx, ConditionalFormattingRule cfRule) {
        XSSFConditionalFormattingRule xRule = (XSSFConditionalFormattingRule) cfRule;
        _cf.getCfRuleArray(idx).set(xRule.getCTCfRule());
    }

    /**
     * Add a Conditional Formatting rule.
     * Excel allows to create up to 3 Conditional Formatting rules.
     *
     * @param cfRule - Conditional Formatting rule
     */
    @Override
    public void addRule(ConditionalFormattingRule cfRule) {
        XSSFConditionalFormattingRule xRule = (XSSFConditionalFormattingRule) cfRule;
        _cf.addNewCfRule().set(xRule.getCTCfRule());
    }

    /**
     * @return the Conditional Formatting rule at position idx.
     */
    @Override
    public XSSFConditionalFormattingRule getRule(int idx) {
        return new XSSFConditionalFormattingRule(_sh, _cf.getCfRuleArray(idx));
    }

    /**
     * @return number of Conditional Formatting rules.
     */
    @Override
    public int getNumberOfRules() {
        return _cf.sizeOfCfRuleArray();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return _cf.toString();
    }
}