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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.
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/*   Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
 *
 *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.regex;

import java.text.CharacterIterator;

/**
 * 
 * An instance of this class has ranges captured in matching.
 *
 * @see RegularExpression#matches(char[], int, int, Match)
 * @see RegularExpression#matches(char[], Match)
 * @see RegularExpression#matches(java.text.CharacterIterator, Match)
 * @see RegularExpression#matches(java.lang.String, int, int, Match)
 * @see RegularExpression#matches(java.lang.String, Match)
 * @author TAMURA Kent <[email protected]>
 */
public class Match implements Cloneable {
    int[] beginpos = null;
    int[] endpos = null;
    int nofgroups = 0;

    CharacterIterator ciSource = null;
    String strSource = null;
    char[] charSource = null;

    /**
     * Creates an instance.
     */
    public Match() {
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    public synchronized Object clone() {
        Match ma = new Match();
        if (this.nofgroups > 0) {
            ma.setNumberOfGroups(this.nofgroups);
            if (this.ciSource != null)  ma.setSource(this.ciSource);
            if (this.strSource != null)  ma.setSource(this.strSource);
            for (int i = 0;  i < this.nofgroups;  i ++) {
                ma.setBeginning(i, this.getBeginning(i));
                ma.setEnd(i, this.getEnd(i));
            }
        }
        return ma;
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    protected void setNumberOfGroups(int n) {
        int oldn = this.nofgroups;
        this.nofgroups = n;
        if (oldn <= 0
            || oldn < n || n*2 < oldn) {
            this.beginpos = new int[n];
            this.endpos = new int[n];
        }
        for (int i = 0;  i < n;  i ++) {
            this.beginpos[i] = -1;
            this.endpos[i] = -1;
        }
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    protected void setSource(CharacterIterator ci) {
        this.ciSource = ci;
        this.strSource = null;
        this.charSource = null;
    }
    /**
     *
     */
    protected void setSource(String str) {
        this.ciSource = null;
        this.strSource = str;
        this.charSource = null;
    }
    /**
     *
     */
    protected void setSource(char[] chars) {
        this.ciSource = null;
        this.strSource = null;
        this.charSource = chars;
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    protected void setBeginning(int index, int v) {
        this.beginpos[index] = v;
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    protected void setEnd(int index, int v) {
        this.endpos[index] = v;
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of regular expression groups.
     * This method returns 1 when the regular expression has no capturing-parenthesis.
     */
    public int getNumberOfGroups() {
        if (this.nofgroups <= 0)
            throw new IllegalStateException("A result is not set.");
        return this.nofgroups;
    }

    /**
     * Return a start position in the target text matched to specified regular expression group.
     *
     * @param index Less than getNumberOfGroups().
     */
    public int getBeginning(int index) {
        if (this.beginpos == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("A result is not set.");
        if (index < 0 || this.nofgroups <= index)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The parameter must be less than "
                                               +this.nofgroups+": "+index);
        return this.beginpos[index];
    }

    /**
     * Return an end position in the target text matched to specified regular expression group.
     *
     * @param index Less than getNumberOfGroups().
     */
    public int getEnd(int index) {
        if (this.endpos == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("A result is not set.");
        if (index < 0 || this.nofgroups <= index)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The parameter must be less than "
                                               +this.nofgroups+": "+index);
        return this.endpos[index];
    }

    /**
     * Return an substring of the target text matched to specified regular expression group.
     *
     * @param index Less than getNumberOfGroups().
     */
    public String getCapturedText(int index) {
        if (this.beginpos == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("match() has never been called.");
        if (index < 0 || this.nofgroups <= index)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The parameter must be less than "
                                               +this.nofgroups+": "+index);
        String ret;
        int begin = this.beginpos[index], end = this.endpos[index];
        if (begin < 0 || end < 0)  return null;
        if (this.ciSource != null) {
            ret = REUtil.substring(this.ciSource, begin, end);
        } else if (this.strSource != null) {
            ret = this.strSource.substring(begin, end);
        } else {
            ret = new String(this.charSource, begin, end-begin);
        }
        return ret;
    }
}