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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.
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/*   Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
 *
 *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.values;

import org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.common.PrefixResolver;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.schema.BuiltinSchemaTypeSystem;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.SchemaType;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlAnySimpleType;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlObject;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlErrorCodes;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.common.ValidationContext;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.common.XMLChar;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.common.QNameHelper;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.values.NamespaceContext;
   
public class JavaQNameHolder extends XmlObjectBase
{
    public JavaQNameHolder() {}

    public SchemaType schemaType()
        { return BuiltinSchemaTypeSystem.ST_QNAME; }

    private QName _value;

    protected int get_wscanon_rule()
        { return SchemaType.WS_PRESERVE; }
    
    // an ergonomic prefixer so that you can say stringValue() on a free-floating QName.
    private static final NamespaceManager PRETTY_PREFIXER = new PrettyNamespaceManager();
    
    private static class PrettyNamespaceManager implements NamespaceManager
    {
        public String find_prefix_for_nsuri(String nsuri, String suggested_prefix)
        {
            return QNameHelper.suggestPrefix(nsuri);
        }
        public String getNamespaceForPrefix(String prefix)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException( "Should not be called" );
        }
    }

    // SIMPLE VALUE ACCESSORS BELOW -------------------------------------------
    public String compute_text(NamespaceManager nsm)
    {
        if (nsm == null)
        {
            // we used to: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot create QName prefix outside of a document");
            // but it's not nice to throw on stringValue()
            nsm = PRETTY_PREFIXER;
        }

// TODO - what I really need to do here is that if there is no
// namespace for this qname, then instead of finding the prefix for the
// uri, I should make a call to set the default namespace for the
// immediate context for this qname to be "".  
   
        String namespace = _value.getNamespaceURI();
        String localPart = _value.getLocalPart();

        if (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            return localPart;

        String prefix = nsm.find_prefix_for_nsuri( namespace, null );

        assert prefix != null;

        return "".equals(prefix) ? localPart : prefix + ":" + localPart;
    }

    public static QName validateLexical(
        String v, ValidationContext context, PrefixResolver resolver)
    {
        QName name;

        try
        {
            name = parse(v, resolver);
        }
        catch ( XmlValueOutOfRangeException e )
        {
            context.invalid(e.getMessage());
            name = null;
        }

        return name;
    }

    private static QName parse(String v, PrefixResolver resolver)
    {
        String prefix, localname;
        int start;
        int end;
        for (end = v.length(); end > 0; end -= 1)
            if (!XMLChar.isSpace(v.charAt(end-1)))
                break;
        for (start = 0; start < end; start += 1)
            if (!XMLChar.isSpace(v.charAt(start)))
                break;

        int firstcolon = v.indexOf(':', start);
        if (firstcolon >= 0)
        {
            prefix = v.substring(start, firstcolon);
            localname = v.substring(firstcolon + 1, end);
        }
        else
        {
            prefix = "";
            localname = v.substring(start, end);
        }

        if ( prefix.length()>0 && !XMLChar.isValidNCName(prefix) )
            throw new XmlValueOutOfRangeException(XmlErrorCodes.QNAME, new Object[] { "Prefix not a valid NCName in '" + v + "'" });

        if ( !XMLChar.isValidNCName(localname) )
            throw new XmlValueOutOfRangeException(XmlErrorCodes.QNAME, new Object[] { "Localname not a valid NCName in '" + v + "'" });

        String uri =
            resolver == null ? null : resolver.getNamespaceForPrefix(prefix);
        
        if (uri == null)
        {
            if (prefix.length() > 0)
                throw new XmlValueOutOfRangeException(XmlErrorCodes.QNAME, new Object[] { "Can't resolve prefix '" + prefix + "'"});
                        
            uri = "";
        }

        if ( prefix!=null && prefix.length()>0 )
            return new QName(uri, localname, prefix );
        else
            return new QName( uri, localname );
    }
    
    protected void set_text(String s)
    {
        PrefixResolver resolver = NamespaceContext.getCurrent();

        if (resolver == null && has_store())
            resolver = get_store();
        
        _value = parse(s, resolver);
    }

    // BUGBUG - having prefix here may not work
    protected void set_QName(QName name)
    {
        assert name != null;
        
        // Sync force of creation of namesapce mapping ..
        
        if (has_store())
            get_store().find_prefix_for_nsuri( name.getNamespaceURI(), null );
        
        _value = name;
    }

    protected void set_xmlanysimple(XmlAnySimpleType value)
    {
        _value = parse(value.getStringValue(), NamespaceContext.getCurrent());
    }

    protected void set_nil() { _value = null; }

    // setters, getters (setter already handled via set_text)

    public QName getQNameValue()
    {
        check_dated();
        return _value;
    }

    // comparators
    protected boolean equal_to(XmlObject obj)
    {
        return _value.equals(((XmlObjectBase)obj).qNameValue());
    }

    protected int value_hash_code()
    {
        return _value.hashCode();
    }
}