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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2016 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.graph;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
import static com.google.common.graph.GraphConstants.INNER_CAPACITY;
import static com.google.common.graph.GraphConstants.INNER_LOAD_FACTOR;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.checkNonNegative;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.checkPositive;

import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.collect.AbstractIterator;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
import com.google.common.collect.UnmodifiableIterator;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.compatqual.NullableDecl;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link GraphConnections} for directed graphs.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @author Jens Nyman
 * @param  Node parameter type
 * @param  Value parameter type
 */
final class DirectedGraphConnections implements GraphConnections {
  /**
   * A wrapper class to indicate a node is both a predecessor and successor while still providing
   * the successor value.
   */
  private static final class PredAndSucc {
    private final Object successorValue;

    PredAndSucc(Object successorValue) {
      this.successorValue = successorValue;
    }
  }

  /**
   * A value class representing single connection between the origin node and another node.
   *
   * 

There can be two types of connections (predecessor and successor), which is represented by * the two implementations. */ private abstract static class NodeConnection { final N node; NodeConnection(N node) { this.node = checkNotNull(node); } static final class Pred extends NodeConnection { Pred(N node) { super(node); } @Override public boolean equals(Object that) { if (that instanceof Pred) { return this.node.equals(((Pred) that).node); } else { return false; } } @Override public int hashCode() { // Adding the class hashCode to avoid a clash with Succ instances. return Pred.class.hashCode() + node.hashCode(); } } static final class Succ extends NodeConnection { Succ(N node) { super(node); } @Override public boolean equals(Object that) { if (that instanceof Succ) { return this.node.equals(((Succ) that).node); } else { return false; } } @Override public int hashCode() { // Adding the class hashCode to avoid a clash with Pred instances. return Succ.class.hashCode() + node.hashCode(); } } } private static final Object PRED = new Object(); // Every value in this map must either be an instance of PredAndSucc with a successorValue of // type V, PRED (representing predecessor), or an instance of type V (representing successor). private final Map adjacentNodeValues; /** * All node connections in this graph, in edge insertion order. * *

Note: This field and {@link #adjacentNodeValues} cannot be combined into a single * LinkedHashMap because one target node may be mapped to both a predecessor and a successor. A * LinkedHashMap combines two such edges into a single node-value pair, even though the edges may * not have been inserted consecutively. */ @NullableDecl private final List> orderedNodeConnections; private int predecessorCount; private int successorCount; private DirectedGraphConnections( Map adjacentNodeValues, @NullableDecl List> orderedNodeConnections, int predecessorCount, int successorCount) { this.adjacentNodeValues = checkNotNull(adjacentNodeValues); this.orderedNodeConnections = orderedNodeConnections; this.predecessorCount = checkNonNegative(predecessorCount); this.successorCount = checkNonNegative(successorCount); checkState( predecessorCount <= adjacentNodeValues.size() && successorCount <= adjacentNodeValues.size()); } static DirectedGraphConnections of(ElementOrder incidentEdgeOrder) { // We store predecessors and successors in the same map, so double the initial capacity. int initialCapacity = INNER_CAPACITY * 2; List> orderedNodeConnections; switch (incidentEdgeOrder.type()) { case UNORDERED: orderedNodeConnections = null; break; case STABLE: orderedNodeConnections = new ArrayList>(); break; default: throw new AssertionError(incidentEdgeOrder.type()); } return new DirectedGraphConnections( /* adjacentNodeValues = */ new HashMap(initialCapacity, INNER_LOAD_FACTOR), orderedNodeConnections, /* predecessorCount = */ 0, /* successorCount = */ 0); } static DirectedGraphConnections ofImmutable( N thisNode, Iterable> incidentEdges, Function successorNodeToValueFn) { Map adjacentNodeValues = new HashMap<>(); ImmutableList.Builder> orderedNodeConnectionsBuilder = ImmutableList.builder(); int predecessorCount = 0; int successorCount = 0; for (EndpointPair incidentEdge : incidentEdges) { if (incidentEdge.nodeU().equals(thisNode) && incidentEdge.nodeV().equals(thisNode)) { // incidentEdge is a self-loop adjacentNodeValues.put(thisNode, new PredAndSucc(successorNodeToValueFn.apply(thisNode))); orderedNodeConnectionsBuilder.add(new NodeConnection.Pred<>(thisNode)); orderedNodeConnectionsBuilder.add(new NodeConnection.Succ<>(thisNode)); predecessorCount++; successorCount++; } else if (incidentEdge.nodeV().equals(thisNode)) { // incidentEdge is an inEdge N predecessor = incidentEdge.nodeU(); Object existingValue = adjacentNodeValues.put(predecessor, PRED); if (existingValue != null) { adjacentNodeValues.put(predecessor, new PredAndSucc(existingValue)); } orderedNodeConnectionsBuilder.add(new NodeConnection.Pred<>(predecessor)); predecessorCount++; } else { // incidentEdge is an outEdge checkArgument(incidentEdge.nodeU().equals(thisNode)); N successor = incidentEdge.nodeV(); V value = successorNodeToValueFn.apply(successor); Object existingValue = adjacentNodeValues.put(successor, value); if (existingValue != null) { checkArgument(existingValue == PRED); adjacentNodeValues.put(successor, new PredAndSucc(value)); } orderedNodeConnectionsBuilder.add(new NodeConnection.Succ<>(successor)); successorCount++; } } return new DirectedGraphConnections<>( adjacentNodeValues, orderedNodeConnectionsBuilder.build(), predecessorCount, successorCount); } @Override public Set adjacentNodes() { if (orderedNodeConnections == null) { return Collections.unmodifiableSet(adjacentNodeValues.keySet()); } else { return new AbstractSet() { @Override public UnmodifiableIterator iterator() { final Iterator> nodeConnections = orderedNodeConnections.iterator(); final Set seenNodes = new HashSet<>(); return new AbstractIterator() { @Override protected N computeNext() { while (nodeConnections.hasNext()) { NodeConnection nodeConnection = nodeConnections.next(); boolean added = seenNodes.add(nodeConnection.node); if (added) { return nodeConnection.node; } } return endOfData(); } }; } @Override public int size() { return adjacentNodeValues.size(); } @Override public boolean contains(@NullableDecl Object obj) { return adjacentNodeValues.containsKey(obj); } }; } } @Override public Set predecessors() { return new AbstractSet() { @Override public UnmodifiableIterator iterator() { if (orderedNodeConnections == null) { final Iterator> entries = adjacentNodeValues.entrySet().iterator(); return new AbstractIterator() { @Override protected N computeNext() { while (entries.hasNext()) { Entry entry = entries.next(); if (isPredecessor(entry.getValue())) { return entry.getKey(); } } return endOfData(); } }; } else { final Iterator> nodeConnections = orderedNodeConnections.iterator(); return new AbstractIterator() { @Override protected N computeNext() { while (nodeConnections.hasNext()) { NodeConnection nodeConnection = nodeConnections.next(); if (nodeConnection instanceof NodeConnection.Pred) { return nodeConnection.node; } } return endOfData(); } }; } } @Override public int size() { return predecessorCount; } @Override public boolean contains(@NullableDecl Object obj) { return isPredecessor(adjacentNodeValues.get(obj)); } }; } @Override public Set successors() { return new AbstractSet() { @Override public UnmodifiableIterator iterator() { if (orderedNodeConnections == null) { final Iterator> entries = adjacentNodeValues.entrySet().iterator(); return new AbstractIterator() { @Override protected N computeNext() { while (entries.hasNext()) { Entry entry = entries.next(); if (isSuccessor(entry.getValue())) { return entry.getKey(); } } return endOfData(); } }; } else { final Iterator> nodeConnections = orderedNodeConnections.iterator(); return new AbstractIterator() { @Override protected N computeNext() { while (nodeConnections.hasNext()) { NodeConnection nodeConnection = nodeConnections.next(); if (nodeConnection instanceof NodeConnection.Succ) { return nodeConnection.node; } } return endOfData(); } }; } } @Override public int size() { return successorCount; } @Override public boolean contains(@NullableDecl Object obj) { return isSuccessor(adjacentNodeValues.get(obj)); } }; } @Override public Iterator> incidentEdgeIterator(final N thisNode) { final Iterator> resultWithDoubleSelfLoop; if (orderedNodeConnections == null) { resultWithDoubleSelfLoop = Iterators.concat( Iterators.transform( predecessors().iterator(), new Function>() { @Override public EndpointPair apply(N predecessor) { return EndpointPair.ordered(predecessor, thisNode); } }), Iterators.transform( successors().iterator(), new Function>() { @Override public EndpointPair apply(N successor) { return EndpointPair.ordered(thisNode, successor); } })); } else { resultWithDoubleSelfLoop = Iterators.transform( orderedNodeConnections.iterator(), new Function, EndpointPair>() { @Override public EndpointPair apply(NodeConnection connection) { if (connection instanceof NodeConnection.Succ) { return EndpointPair.ordered(thisNode, connection.node); } else { return EndpointPair.ordered(connection.node, thisNode); } } }); } final AtomicBoolean alreadySeenSelfLoop = new AtomicBoolean(false); return new AbstractIterator>() { @Override protected EndpointPair computeNext() { while (resultWithDoubleSelfLoop.hasNext()) { EndpointPair edge = resultWithDoubleSelfLoop.next(); if (edge.nodeU().equals(edge.nodeV())) { if (!alreadySeenSelfLoop.getAndSet(true)) { return edge; } } else { return edge; } } return endOfData(); } }; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public V value(N node) { Object value = adjacentNodeValues.get(node); if (value == PRED) { return null; } if (value instanceof PredAndSucc) { return (V) ((PredAndSucc) value).successorValue; } return (V) value; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public void removePredecessor(N node) { Object previousValue = adjacentNodeValues.get(node); boolean removedPredecessor; if (previousValue == PRED) { adjacentNodeValues.remove(node); removedPredecessor = true; } else if (previousValue instanceof PredAndSucc) { adjacentNodeValues.put((N) node, ((PredAndSucc) previousValue).successorValue); removedPredecessor = true; } else { removedPredecessor = false; } if (removedPredecessor) { checkNonNegative(--predecessorCount); if (orderedNodeConnections != null) { orderedNodeConnections.remove(new NodeConnection.Pred<>(node)); } } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public V removeSuccessor(Object node) { Object previousValue = adjacentNodeValues.get(node); Object removedValue; if (previousValue == null || previousValue == PRED) { removedValue = null; } else if (previousValue instanceof PredAndSucc) { adjacentNodeValues.put((N) node, PRED); removedValue = ((PredAndSucc) previousValue).successorValue; } else { // successor adjacentNodeValues.remove(node); removedValue = previousValue; } if (removedValue != null) { checkNonNegative(--successorCount); if (orderedNodeConnections != null) { orderedNodeConnections.remove(new NodeConnection.Succ<>((N) node)); } } return (V) removedValue; } @Override public void addPredecessor(N node, V unused) { Object previousValue = adjacentNodeValues.put(node, PRED); boolean addedPredecessor; if (previousValue == null) { addedPredecessor = true; } else if (previousValue instanceof PredAndSucc) { // Restore previous PredAndSucc object. adjacentNodeValues.put(node, previousValue); addedPredecessor = false; } else if (previousValue != PRED) { // successor // Do NOT use method parameter value 'unused'. In directed graphs, successors store the value. adjacentNodeValues.put(node, new PredAndSucc(previousValue)); addedPredecessor = true; } else { addedPredecessor = false; } if (addedPredecessor) { checkPositive(++predecessorCount); if (orderedNodeConnections != null) { orderedNodeConnections.add(new NodeConnection.Pred<>(node)); } } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public V addSuccessor(N node, V value) { Object previousValue = adjacentNodeValues.put(node, value); Object previousSuccessor; if (previousValue == null) { previousSuccessor = null; } else if (previousValue instanceof PredAndSucc) { adjacentNodeValues.put(node, new PredAndSucc(value)); previousSuccessor = ((PredAndSucc) previousValue).successorValue; } else if (previousValue == PRED) { adjacentNodeValues.put(node, new PredAndSucc(value)); previousSuccessor = null; } else { // successor previousSuccessor = previousValue; } if (previousSuccessor == null) { checkPositive(++successorCount); if (orderedNodeConnections != null) { orderedNodeConnections.add(new NodeConnection.Succ<>(node)); } } return (V) previousSuccessor; } private static boolean isPredecessor(@NullableDecl Object value) { return (value == PRED) || (value instanceof PredAndSucc); } private static boolean isSuccessor(@NullableDecl Object value) { return (value != PRED) && (value != null); } }





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