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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.traversers;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.Vector;

import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventReader;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader;

import org.apache.xerces.impl.Constants;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLEntityManager;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.InvalidDatatypeValueException;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.SchemaDVFactory;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.xs.DecimalDV;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.xs.TypeValidator;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.xs.TypeValidatorHelper;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.xs.XSSimpleTypeDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.SchemaGrammar;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.SchemaNamespaceSupport;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.SchemaSymbols;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaException;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaLoader;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSAttributeDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSAttributeGroupDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSComplexTypeDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSConstraints;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSDDescription;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSDeclarationPool;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSElementDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSGrammarBucket;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSGroupDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSMessageFormatter;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSModelGroupImpl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSNotationDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XSParticleDecl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.identity.IdentityConstraint;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.opti.ElementImpl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.opti.SchemaDOMParser;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.opti.SchemaParsingConfig;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.traversers.override.DOMOverrideImpl;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.traversers.override.OverrideTransformationManager;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.util.SimpleLocator;
import org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.util.XSInputSource;
import org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser;
import org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration;
import org.apache.xerces.util.DOMInputSource;
import org.apache.xerces.util.DOMUtil;
import org.apache.xerces.util.DefaultErrorHandler;
import org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper;
import org.apache.xerces.util.SAXInputSource;
import org.apache.xerces.util.StAXInputSource;
import org.apache.xerces.util.StAXLocationWrapper;
import org.apache.xerces.util.SymbolHash;
import org.apache.xerces.util.SymbolTable;
import org.apache.xerces.util.URI.MalformedURIException;
import org.apache.xerces.util.XMLSymbols;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.QName;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.XNIException;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.grammars.Grammar;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.grammars.XMLGrammarDescription;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.grammars.XMLGrammarPool;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.grammars.XMLSchemaDescription;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLComponentManager;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLConfigurationException;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLEntityResolver;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLErrorHandler;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLInputSource;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.parser.XMLParseException;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.StringList;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSAttributeDeclaration;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSAttributeGroupDefinition;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSAttributeUse;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSConstants;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSElementDeclaration;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSModelGroup;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSModelGroupDefinition;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSNamedMap;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSObject;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSObjectList;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSParticle;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSSimpleTypeDefinition;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSTerm;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.XSTypeDefinition;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.datatypes.ObjectList;
import org.apache.xerces.xs.datatypes.XSDecimal;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory;


/**
 * The purpose of this class is to co-ordinate the construction of a
 * grammar object corresponding to a schema.  To do this, it must be
 * prepared to parse several schema documents (for instance if the
 * schema document originally referred to contains  or
 *  information items).  If any of the schemas imports a
 * schema, other grammars may be constructed as a side-effect.
 *
 * @xerces.internal 
 *
 * @author Neil Graham, IBM
 * @author Pavani Mukthipudi, Sun Microsystems
 * 
 * @version $Id$
 */
public class XSDHandler {

    /** Feature identifier: validation. */
    protected static final String VALIDATION =
        Constants.SAX_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.VALIDATION_FEATURE;
    
    /** feature identifier: XML Schema validation */
    protected static final String XMLSCHEMA_VALIDATION =
        Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier:  allow java encodings */
    protected static final String ALLOW_JAVA_ENCODINGS =
        Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.ALLOW_JAVA_ENCODINGS_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier:  continue after fatal error */
    protected static final String CONTINUE_AFTER_FATAL_ERROR =
        Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.CONTINUE_AFTER_FATAL_ERROR_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier:  allow java encodings */
    protected static final String STANDARD_URI_CONFORMANT_FEATURE =
        Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.STANDARD_URI_CONFORMANT_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature: disallow doctype*/
    protected static final String DISALLOW_DOCTYPE =
        Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.DISALLOW_DOCTYPE_DECL_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature: generate synthetic annotations */
    protected static final String GENERATE_SYNTHETIC_ANNOTATIONS = 
        Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.GENERATE_SYNTHETIC_ANNOTATIONS_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier: validate annotations. */
    protected static final String VALIDATE_ANNOTATIONS =
        Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.VALIDATE_ANNOTATIONS_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier: honour all schemaLocations */
    protected static final String HONOUR_ALL_SCHEMALOCATIONS = 
      Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.HONOUR_ALL_SCHEMALOCATIONS_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier: namespace growth */
    protected static final String NAMESPACE_GROWTH = 
      Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.NAMESPACE_GROWTH_FEATURE;

    /** Feature identifier: tolerate duplicates */
    protected static final String TOLERATE_DUPLICATES = 
      Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.TOLERATE_DUPLICATES_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier: Full XPath 2.0 for CTA evaluations */
    protected static final String CTA_FULL_XPATH = 
      Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.CTA_FULL_XPATH_CHECKING_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier: comment and PI nodes for  */
    protected static final String ASSERT_COMMENT_PI = 
      Constants.XERCES_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.ASSERT_COMMENT_PI_CHECKING_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier: namespace prefixes. */
    private static final String NAMESPACE_PREFIXES =
        Constants.SAX_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.NAMESPACE_PREFIXES_FEATURE;
    
    /** Feature identifier: string interning. */
    protected static final String STRING_INTERNING =
        Constants.SAX_FEATURE_PREFIX + Constants.STRING_INTERNING_FEATURE;
   
    /** Property identifier: error handler. */
    protected static final String ERROR_HANDLER =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.ERROR_HANDLER_PROPERTY;
    
    /** Property identifier: JAXP schema source. */
    protected static final String JAXP_SCHEMA_SOURCE =
        Constants.JAXP_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.SCHEMA_SOURCE;
    
    /** Property identifier: entity resolver. */
    public static final String ENTITY_RESOLVER =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.ENTITY_RESOLVER_PROPERTY;
    /** Property identifier: entity manager. */
    protected static final String ENTITY_MANAGER =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.ENTITY_MANAGER_PROPERTY;
    
    /** Property identifier: error reporter. */
    public static final String ERROR_REPORTER =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.ERROR_REPORTER_PROPERTY;
    
    /** Property identifier: grammar pool. */
    public static final String XMLGRAMMAR_POOL =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.XMLGRAMMAR_POOL_PROPERTY;
    
    /** Property identifier: symbol table. */
    public static final String SYMBOL_TABLE =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.SYMBOL_TABLE_PROPERTY;
    
    /** Property identifier: security manager. */
    protected static final String SECURITY_MANAGER =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.SECURITY_MANAGER_PROPERTY;
    
    /** Property identifier: locale. */
    protected static final String LOCALE =
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.LOCALE_PROPERTY;

    /** Property identifier: datatype xml version. */
    protected static final String DATATYPE_XML_VERSION = 
        Constants.XERCES_PROPERTY_PREFIX + Constants.DATATYPE_XML_VERSION_PROPERTY;
    
    protected static final boolean DEBUG_NODE_POOL = false;
    
    // Data
    
    // different sorts of declarations; should make lookup and
    // traverser calling more efficient/less bulky.
    final static int ATTRIBUTE_TYPE          = 1;
    final static int ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE     = 2;
    final static int ELEMENT_TYPE            = 3;
    final static int GROUP_TYPE              = 4;
    final static int IDENTITYCONSTRAINT_TYPE = 5;
    final static int NOTATION_TYPE           = 6;
    final static int TYPEDECL_TYPE           = 7;
    
    // this string gets appended to redefined names; it's purpose is to be
    // as unlikely as possible to cause collisions.
    public final static String REDEF_IDENTIFIER = "_fn3dktizrknc9pi";
    
    //
    //protected data that can be accessable by any traverser
    // stores  decl
    protected Hashtable fNotationRegistry = new Hashtable();
    
    protected XSDeclarationPool fDeclPool = null;
    
    
    // These tables correspond to the symbol spaces defined in the
    // spec.
    // They are keyed with a QName (that is, String("URI,localpart) and
    // their values are nodes corresponding to the given name's decl.
    // By asking the node for its ownerDocument and looking in
    // XSDocumentInfoRegistry we can easily get the corresponding
    // XSDocumentInfo object.
    private Hashtable fUnparsedAttributeRegistry = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistry = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedElementRegistry = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedGroupRegistry = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedIdentityConstraintRegistry = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedNotationRegistry = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedTypeRegistry = new Hashtable();
    // Compensation for the above hashtables to locate XSDocumentInfo, 
    // Since we may take Schema Element directly, so can not get the
    // corresponding XSDocumentInfo object just using above hashtables.
    private Hashtable fUnparsedAttributeRegistrySub = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistrySub = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedElementRegistrySub = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedGroupRegistrySub = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedIdentityConstraintRegistrySub = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedNotationRegistrySub = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fUnparsedTypeRegistrySub = new Hashtable();

    // Stores XSDocumentInfo (keyed by component name), to check for duplicate
    // components declared within the same xsd document
    private Hashtable fUnparsedRegistriesExt[] = new Hashtable[] {
        null,
        new Hashtable(), // ATTRIBUTE_TYPE
        new Hashtable(), // ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE
        new Hashtable(), // ELEMENT_TYPE
        new Hashtable(), // GROUP_TYPE
        new Hashtable(), // IDENTITYCONSTRAINT_TYPE
        new Hashtable(), // NOTATION_TYPE
        new Hashtable(), // TYPEDECL_TYPE
    };
    
    // this is keyed with a documentNode (or the schemaRoot nodes
    // contained in the XSDocumentInfo objects) and its value is the
    // XSDocumentInfo object corresponding to that document.
    // Basically, the function of this registry is to be a link
    // between the nodes we fetch from calls to the fUnparsed*
    // arrays and the XSDocumentInfos they live in.
    private Hashtable fXSDocumentInfoRegistry = new Hashtable();
    
    // this hashtable is keyed on by XSDocumentInfo objects.  Its values
    // are Vectors containing the XSDocumentInfo objects d,
    // ed or d by the key XSDocumentInfo.
    private Hashtable fDependencyMap = new Hashtable();
    
    // this hashtable is keyed on by a target namespace.  Its values
    // are Vectors containing namespaces imported by schema documents
    // with the key target namespace.
    // if an imprted schema has absent namespace, the value "null" is stored.
    private Hashtable fImportMap = new Hashtable();
    // all namespaces that imports other namespaces
    // if the importing schema has absent namespace, empty string is stored.
    // (because the key of a hashtable can't be null.)
    private Vector fAllTNSs = new Vector();
    // stores instance document mappings between namespaces and schema hints
    private Hashtable fLocationPairs = null;
    private static final Hashtable EMPTY_TABLE = new Hashtable();
    
    // Records which nodes are hidden when the input is a DOMInputSource.
    Hashtable fHiddenNodes = null;

    // Conditional inclustion
    private static final String XSD_VERSION_1_0 = "1.0";
    private static final String XSD_VERSION_1_1 = "1.1";

    private static final TypeValidator DECIMAL_DV = new DecimalDV();
    private static final XSDecimal SUPPORTED_VERSION_1_0 = getSupportedVersion(XSD_VERSION_1_0);
    private static final XSDecimal SUPPORTED_VERSION_1_1 = getSupportedVersion(XSD_VERSION_1_1);
    private XSDecimal fSupportedVersion = SUPPORTED_VERSION_1_0;
    
    private static XSDecimal getSupportedVersion(String version) {
        XSDecimal result = null;
        try {
            result = (XSDecimal) DECIMAL_DV.getActualValue(version, null);
        }
        catch (InvalidDatatypeValueException ide) {
        }
        return result;
    }

    // convenience methods
    private String null2EmptyString(String ns) {
        return ns == null ? XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING : ns;
    }
    private String emptyString2Null(String ns) {
        return ns == XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING ? null : ns;
    }
    // use Schema Element to lookup the SystemId.
    private String doc2SystemId(Element ele) {
        String documentURI = null;
        final Document ownerDoc = ele.getOwnerDocument();

        if (ownerDoc instanceof org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.opti.SchemaDOM) {
            documentURI = ((org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.opti.SchemaDOM) ownerDoc).getDocumentURI();
        }
        else if (ownerDoc.getImplementation().hasFeature("Core", "3.0")) {
            documentURI = ownerDoc.getDocumentURI();
        }
        return documentURI != null ? documentURI : (String) fDoc2SystemId.get(ele);
    }
    
    // This vector stores strings which are combinations of the
    // publicId and systemId of the inputSource corresponding to a
    // schema document.  This combination is used so that the user's
    // EntityResolver can provide a consistent way of identifying a
    // schema document that is included in multiple other schemas.
    private Hashtable fTraversed = new Hashtable();
    
    // this hashtable contains a mapping from Schema Element to its systemId
    // this is useful to resolve a uri relative to the referring document
    private Hashtable fDoc2SystemId = new Hashtable();
    
    //
    private Hashtable fDoc2DatatypeXMLVersion = null;
    
    // the primary XSDocumentInfo we were called to parse
    private XSDocumentInfo fRoot = null;
    
    // This hashtable's job is to act as a link between the Schema Element and its
    // XSDocumentInfo object.
    private Hashtable fDoc2XSDocumentMap = new Hashtable();
    
    // map between  elements and the XSDocumentInfo
    // objects that correspond to the documents being redefined.
    private Hashtable fRedefine2XSDMap = new Hashtable();
    
    // map between a schema document and the schema documents it is overriding.
    // schema documents are represented by XSDocumentInfo objects.
    private Hashtable fOverrideDependencyMap = new Hashtable();
    
    // map between  elements and the namespace support
    private Hashtable fRedefine2NSSupport = new Hashtable();
    
    // these objects store a mapping between the names of redefining
    // groups/attributeGroups and the groups/AttributeGroups which
    // they redefine by restriction (implicitly).  It is up to the
    // Group and AttributeGroup traversers to check these restrictions for
    // validity.
    private Hashtable fRedefinedRestrictedAttributeGroupRegistry = new Hashtable();
    private Hashtable fRedefinedRestrictedGroupRegistry = new Hashtable();
    
    // a variable storing whether the last schema document
    // processed (by getSchema) was a duplicate.
    private boolean fLastSchemaWasDuplicate;
    
    // validate annotations feature
    private boolean fValidateAnnotations = false;
    
    //handle multiple import feature
    private boolean fHonourAllSchemaLocations = false;
    
    //handle namespace growth feature
    boolean fNamespaceGrowth = false;
    
    // handle tolerate duplicates feature
    boolean fTolerateDuplicates = false;
    
    // handle full XPath 2.0 feature
    boolean fFullXPathForCTA = false;
    
    // handle comments and PIs with 
    boolean fCommentsAndPIsForAssert = false;

    // the XMLErrorReporter
    private XMLErrorReporter fErrorReporter;
    private XMLEntityResolver fEntityResolver;
    
    // the XSAttributeChecker
    private XSAttributeChecker fAttributeChecker;
    
    // the symbol table
    private SymbolTable fSymbolTable;
    
    // the GrammarResolver
    private XSGrammarBucket fGrammarBucket;
    
    // the Grammar description
    private XSDDescription fSchemaGrammarDescription;
    
    // the Grammar Pool
    private XMLGrammarPool fGrammarPool;
    
    //override Manager
    private OverrideTransformationManager fOverrideHandler;
    
    //************ Traversers **********
    XSDAttributeGroupTraverser fAttributeGroupTraverser;
    XSDAttributeTraverser fAttributeTraverser;
    XSDComplexTypeTraverser fComplexTypeTraverser;
    XSDElementTraverser fElementTraverser;
    XSDGroupTraverser fGroupTraverser;
    XSDKeyrefTraverser fKeyrefTraverser;
    XSDNotationTraverser fNotationTraverser;
    XSDSimpleTypeTraverser fSimpleTypeTraverser;
    XSDUniqueOrKeyTraverser fUniqueOrKeyTraverser;
    XSDWildcardTraverser fWildCardTraverser;
    XSDTypeAlternativeTraverser fTypeAlternativeTraverser;
    
    SchemaDVFactory fDVFactory;
    SchemaDOMParser fSchemaParser;
    SchemaContentHandler fXSContentHandler;
    StAXSchemaParser fStAXSchemaParser;
    XML11Configuration fAnnotationValidator;
    XSAnnotationGrammarPool fGrammarBucketAdapter;

    // flag to indicate schema 1.1 support
    short fSchemaVersion;

    // XML Schema constraint checker
    XSConstraints fXSConstraints;

    // TypeValidatorHelper
    TypeValidatorHelper fTypeValidatorHelper;
    
    // Datatype XML version
    String fDatatypeXMLVersion;
    
    // these data members are needed for the deferred traversal
    // of local elements.

    // the initial size of the array to store deferred local elements
    private static final int INIT_STACK_SIZE = 30;
    // the incremental size of the array to store deferred local elements
    private static final int INC_STACK_SIZE  = 10;
    // current position of the array (# of deferred local elements)
    private int fLocalElemStackPos = 0;
    
    private XSParticleDecl[] fParticle = new XSParticleDecl[INIT_STACK_SIZE];
    private Element[] fLocalElementDecl = new Element[INIT_STACK_SIZE];
    private XSDocumentInfo[] fLocalElementDecl_schema = new XSDocumentInfo[INIT_STACK_SIZE]; //JACK
    private int[] fAllContext = new int[INIT_STACK_SIZE];
    private XSObject[] fParent = new XSObject[INIT_STACK_SIZE];
    private String [][] fLocalElemNamespaceContext = new String [INIT_STACK_SIZE][1];
    
    // these data members are needed for the deferred traversal
    // of keyrefs.
    
    // the initial size of the array to store deferred keyrefs
    private static final int INIT_KEYREF_STACK = 2;
    // the incremental size of the array to store deferred keyrefs
    private static final int INC_KEYREF_STACK_AMOUNT = 2;
    // current position of the array (# of deferred keyrefs)
    private int fKeyrefStackPos = 0;
    
    private Element [] fKeyrefs = new Element[INIT_KEYREF_STACK];
    private XSDocumentInfo [] fKeyrefsMapXSDocumentInfo = new XSDocumentInfo[INIT_KEYREF_STACK];
    private XSElementDecl [] fKeyrefElems = new XSElementDecl [INIT_KEYREF_STACK];
    private String [][] fKeyrefNamespaceContext = new String[INIT_KEYREF_STACK][1];

    // global decls: map from decl name to decl object
    SymbolHash fGlobalAttrDecls = new SymbolHash(12);
    SymbolHash fGlobalAttrGrpDecls = new SymbolHash(5);
    SymbolHash fGlobalElemDecls = new SymbolHash(25);
    SymbolHash fGlobalGroupDecls = new SymbolHash(5);
    SymbolHash fGlobalNotationDecls = new SymbolHash(1);
    SymbolHash fGlobalIDConstraintDecls = new SymbolHash(3);
    SymbolHash fGlobalTypeDecls = new SymbolHash(25);

    // these data members are needed for the deferred traversal
    // of referral identity constraints.

    // the initial size of the array to store deferred referral identity constraints
    private static final int INIT_IC_REFERRAL_STACK = 2;
    // the incremental size of the array to store deferred referral identity constraints
    private static final int INC_IC_REFERRAL_STACK_AMOUNT = 2;
    // current position of the array (# of deferred referral identity constraints)
    private int fICReferralStackPos = 0;

    private Element[] fICReferrals = new Element[INIT_IC_REFERRAL_STACK];
    private XSDocumentInfo [] fICReferralsMapXSDocumentInfo = new XSDocumentInfo[INIT_IC_REFERRAL_STACK];
    private XSElementDecl [] fICReferralElems = new XSElementDecl [INIT_IC_REFERRAL_STACK];
    private String [][] fICReferralNamespaceContext = new String[INIT_IC_REFERRAL_STACK][1];
    
    // Constructors
    public XSDHandler(short schemaVersion, XSConstraints xsConstraints){
    	fSchemaVersion = schemaVersion;
    	fXSConstraints = xsConstraints;
        fHiddenNodes = new Hashtable();       
        fSchemaParser = new SchemaDOMParser(new SchemaParsingConfig());
        fSchemaParser.setSupportedVersion(fSupportedVersion); //REVISIT: pass to constructor?
    }

    // it should be possible to use the same XSDHandler to parse
    // multiple schema documents; this will allow one to be
    // constructed.
    public XSDHandler (XSGrammarBucket gBucket, short schemaVersion, XSConstraints xsConstraints) {
        this(schemaVersion, xsConstraints);
        fGrammarBucket = gBucket;
        
        // Note: don't use SchemaConfiguration internally
        //       we will get stack overflaw because
        //       XMLSchemaValidator will be instantiating XSDHandler...
        fSchemaGrammarDescription = new XSDDescription();
    } // end constructor
       
    /**
     * This method initiates the parse of a schema.  It will likely be
     * called from the Validator and it will make the
     * resulting grammar available; it returns a reference to this object just
     * in case.  A reset(XMLComponentManager) must be called before this methods is called.
     * @param is
     * @param desc
     * @param locationPairs
     * @return the SchemaGrammar
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public SchemaGrammar parseSchema(XMLInputSource is, XSDDescription desc,
            Hashtable locationPairs)
    throws IOException {
        fLocationPairs = locationPairs;
        fSchemaParser.resetNodePool();   
        SchemaGrammar grammar = null;
        String schemaNamespace  = null;
        short referType = desc.getContextType();
        // if loading using JAXP schemaSource property, or using grammar caching loadGrammar
        // the desc.targetNamespace is always null.
        // Therefore we should not attempt to find out if
        // the schema is already in the bucket, since in the case we have
        // no namespace schema in the bucket, findGrammar will always return the
        // no namespace schema.
        if (referType != XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE){
            // first try to find it in the bucket/pool, return if one is found
            if (fHonourAllSchemaLocations && referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_IMPORT && isExistingGrammar(desc, fNamespaceGrowth)) {
                grammar = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(desc.getTargetNamespace());
            }
            else {
                grammar = findGrammar(desc, fNamespaceGrowth);
            }
            if (grammar != null) {
                if (!fNamespaceGrowth) {
                    return grammar;
                }
                else {
                    try {
                        if (grammar.getDocumentLocations().contains(XMLEntityManager.expandSystemId(is.getSystemId(), is.getBaseSystemId(), false))) {
                            return grammar; 
                        }
                    }
                    catch (MalformedURIException e) {
                        //REVISIT: return the grammar?
                    }
                }
            }

            schemaNamespace = desc.getTargetNamespace();
            // handle empty string URI as null
            if (schemaNamespace != null) {
                schemaNamespace = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(schemaNamespace);
            }
        }
        
        // before parsing a schema, need to clear registries associated with
        // parsing schemas
        prepareForParse();       
        
        Element schemaRoot = null;
        // first phase:  construct trees.
        if (is instanceof DOMInputSource) {
            schemaRoot = getSchemaDocument(schemaNamespace, (DOMInputSource) is,
                    referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE,
                    referType, null);
        } // DOMInputSource
        else if (is instanceof SAXInputSource) {
            schemaRoot = getSchemaDocument(schemaNamespace, (SAXInputSource) is,
                    referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE,
                    referType, null);             
        } // SAXInputSource
        else if (is instanceof StAXInputSource) {
            schemaRoot = getSchemaDocument(schemaNamespace, (StAXInputSource) is,
                    referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE,
                    referType, null);
        } // StAXInputSource
        else if (is instanceof XSInputSource) {
            schemaRoot = getSchemaDocument((XSInputSource) is, desc);
        } // XSInputSource
        else {
        	schemaRoot = getSchemaDocument(schemaNamespace, is,
                  referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE,
                  referType, null);
             
        } //is instanceof XMLInputSource

        if (schemaRoot == null) {
            if (is instanceof XSInputSource) {
                // Need to return a grammar. If the XSInputSource has a list
                // of grammar objects, then get the first one and return it.
                // If it has a list of components, then get the grammar that
                // contains the first component and return it.
                // If we return null, the XMLSchemaLoader will think nothing
                // was loaded, and will not try to put the grammar objects
                // into the grammar pool.
                XSInputSource xsinput = (XSInputSource)is;
                SchemaGrammar[] grammars = xsinput.getGrammars();
                if (grammars != null && grammars.length > 0) {
                    grammar = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(grammars[0].getTargetNamespace());
                }
                else {
                    XSObject[] components = xsinput.getComponents();
                    if (components != null && components.length > 0) {
                        grammar = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(components[0].getNamespace());
                    }
                }
            }
            // something went wrong right off the hop
            return grammar;
        }      
        
        if (referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE) {
        	Element schemaElem = schemaRoot;
            schemaNamespace = DOMUtil.getAttrValue(schemaElem, SchemaSymbols.ATT_TARGETNAMESPACE);
            if(schemaNamespace != null && schemaNamespace.length() > 0) {
                // Since now we've discovered a namespace, we need to update xsd key
                // and store this schema in traversed schemas bucket
                schemaNamespace = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(schemaNamespace);
                desc.setTargetNamespace(schemaNamespace);
            }
            else {
                schemaNamespace = null;
            }
            grammar = findGrammar(desc, fNamespaceGrowth);
            String schemaId = XMLEntityManager.expandSystemId(is.getSystemId(), is.getBaseSystemId(), false);
            if (grammar != null) {
                // When namespace growth is enabled and a null location is provided we cannot tell
                // whether we've loaded this schema document before so we must assume that we haven't.
                if (!fNamespaceGrowth || (schemaId != null && grammar.getDocumentLocations().contains(schemaId))) {
                    return grammar; 
                }
            }

            XSDKey key = new XSDKey(schemaId, referType, schemaNamespace);
            fTraversed.put(key, schemaRoot);
            if (schemaId != null) {
            	fDoc2SystemId.put(schemaRoot, schemaId);
            }
        }

        // before constructing trees and traversing a schema, need to reset
        // all traversers and clear all registries
        prepareForTraverse();

        // Tell override handler about the original schema root
        // Need to know if that schema would be later overriden - possible collision
        if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1) {
            fOverrideHandler.addSchemaRoot((String)fDoc2SystemId.get(schemaRoot), schemaRoot);
        }

        fRoot = constructTrees(schemaRoot, is.getSystemId(), desc, grammar != null);
        if (fRoot == null) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // second phase:  fill global registries.
        buildGlobalNameRegistries();
        
        if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1) {
            buildDefaultAttributes();
        }
        
        // third phase:  call traversers
        ArrayList annotationInfo = fValidateAnnotations ? new ArrayList() : null;
        traverseSchemas(annotationInfo);
        
        // fourth phase: handle local element decls
        traverseLocalElements();
        
        // fifth phase:  handle Keyrefs
        resolveKeyRefs();
        
        // sixth phase:  handle identity constraint referral declarations
        resolveIdentityConstraintReferrals();

        // seventh phase:  validate attribute of non-schema namespaces
        // REVISIT: skip this for now. we really don't want to do it.
        //fAttributeChecker.checkNonSchemaAttributes(fGrammarBucket);
        
        // eighth phase:  store imported grammars
        // for all grammars with s
        for (int i = fAllTNSs.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            // get its target namespace
            String tns = (String)fAllTNSs.elementAt(i);
            // get all namespaces it imports
            Vector ins = (Vector)fImportMap.get(tns);
            // get the grammar
            SchemaGrammar sg = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(emptyString2Null(tns));
            if (sg == null)
                continue;
            SchemaGrammar isg;
            // for imported namespace
            int count = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < ins.size(); j++) {
                // get imported grammar
                isg = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar((String)ins.elementAt(j));
                // reuse the same vector
                if (isg != null)
                    ins.setElementAt(isg, count++);
            }
            ins.setSize(count);
            // set the imported grammars
            sg.setImportedGrammars(ins);
        }
        
        /** validate annotations **/
        if (fValidateAnnotations && annotationInfo.size() > 0) {
            validateAnnotations(annotationInfo);
        }

        // and return.
        return fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(fRoot.fTargetNamespace);
    } // end parseSchema
    
    private void validateAnnotations(ArrayList annotationInfo) {
        if (fAnnotationValidator == null) {
            createAnnotationValidator();
        }
        final int size = annotationInfo.size();
        final XMLInputSource src = new XMLInputSource(null, null, null);
        fGrammarBucketAdapter.refreshGrammars(fGrammarBucket);
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i += 2) {
            src.setSystemId((String) annotationInfo.get(i));
            XSAnnotationInfo annotation = (XSAnnotationInfo) annotationInfo.get(i+1);
            while (annotation != null) {
                src.setCharacterStream(new StringReader(annotation.fAnnotation));
                try {
                    fAnnotationValidator.parse(src);
                }
                catch (IOException exc) {}
                annotation = annotation.next;
            }
        }
    }
    
    private void createAnnotationValidator() {
        fAnnotationValidator = new XML11Configuration();
        fGrammarBucketAdapter = new XSAnnotationGrammarPool(fSchemaVersion);
        fAnnotationValidator.setFeature(VALIDATION, true);
        fAnnotationValidator.setFeature(XMLSCHEMA_VALIDATION, true);
        fAnnotationValidator.setProperty(XMLGRAMMAR_POOL, fGrammarBucketAdapter);
        /** Set error handler. **/
        XMLErrorHandler errorHandler = fErrorReporter.getErrorHandler();
        fAnnotationValidator.setProperty(ERROR_HANDLER, (errorHandler != null) ? errorHandler : new DefaultErrorHandler());
        /** Set locale. **/
        Locale locale = fErrorReporter.getLocale();
        fAnnotationValidator.setProperty(LOCALE, locale);
    }

    /**
     * Pull the grammar out of the bucket simply using
     * its TNS as a key
     */
    SchemaGrammar getGrammar(String tns) {
        return fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(tns);
    }
    
    /**
     * First try to find a grammar in the bucket, if failed, consult the
     * grammar pool. If a grammar is found in the pool, then add it (and all
     * imported ones) into the bucket.
     */
    protected SchemaGrammar findGrammar(XSDDescription desc, boolean ignoreConflict) {
        SchemaGrammar sg = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(desc.getTargetNamespace());
        if (sg == null) {
            if (fGrammarPool != null) {
                sg = (SchemaGrammar)fGrammarPool.retrieveGrammar(desc);
                if (sg != null) {
                    // put this grammar into the bucket, along with grammars
                    // imported by it (directly or indirectly)
                    if (!fGrammarBucket.putGrammar(sg, true, ignoreConflict)) {
                        // REVISIT: a conflict between new grammar(s) and grammars
                        // in the bucket. What to do? A warning? An exception?
                        reportSchemaWarning("GrammarConflict", null, null);
                        sg = null;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return sg;
    }
    
    // may wish to have setter methods for ErrorHandler,
    // EntityResolver...
    
    private static final String[][] NS_ERROR_CODES = {
            {"src-include.2.1", "src-include.2.1"},
            {"src-redefine.3.1", "src-redefine.3.1"},
            {"src-import.3.1", "src-import.3.2"},
            null,
            {"TargetNamespace.1", "TargetNamespace.2"},
            {"TargetNamespace.1", "TargetNamespace.2"},
            {"TargetNamespace.1", "TargetNamespace.2"},
            {"TargetNamespace.1", "TargetNamespace.2"},
            {"src-override.2.1", "src-override.2.1"},
    };
    
    private static final String[] ELE_ERROR_CODES = {
            "src-include.1", "src-redefine.2", "src-import.2", "schema_reference.4",
            "schema_reference.4", "schema_reference.4", "schema_reference.4", "schema_reference.4"
    };
    
    // This method does several things:
    // It constructs an instance of an XSDocumentInfo object using the
    // schemaRoot node.  Then, for each , ,
    // , and  children, it attempts to resolve the
    // requested schema document, initiates a DOM parse, and calls
    // itself recursively on that document's root.  It also records in
    // the DependencyMap object what XSDocumentInfo objects its XSDocumentInfo
    // depends on.
    // It also makes sure the targetNamespace of the schema it was
    // called to parse is correct.
    protected XSDocumentInfo constructTrees(Element schemaRoot, String locationHint, XSDDescription desc, boolean nsCollision) {
        if (schemaRoot == null) return null;
        String callerTNS = desc.getTargetNamespace();
        short referType = desc.getContextType();

        XSDocumentInfo currSchemaInfo = null;
        try {
            // note that attributes are freed at end of traverseSchemas()
            short datatypeXMLVersion = Constants.XML_VERSION_1_0;
            if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1) {
                final Object xmlVer = (fDatatypeXMLVersion == null)
                    ? fDoc2DatatypeXMLVersion.get(schemaRoot) : fDatatypeXMLVersion;
                datatypeXMLVersion = "1.1".equals(xmlVer)
                    ? Constants.XML_VERSION_1_1 : Constants.XML_VERSION_1_0;
            }
            currSchemaInfo = new XSDocumentInfo(schemaRoot, fAttributeChecker,
                    fSymbolTable, fTypeValidatorHelper, datatypeXMLVersion);
        } catch (XMLSchemaException se) {
            reportSchemaError(ELE_ERROR_CODES[referType],
                    new Object[]{locationHint},
					  schemaRoot);
            return null;
        }
        // targetNamespace="" is not valid, issue a warning, and ignore it
        if (currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace != null &&
                currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace.length() == 0) {
            reportSchemaWarning("EmptyTargetNamespace",
                    new Object[]{locationHint},
					schemaRoot);
            currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace = null;
        }
        
        if (callerTNS != null) {
            // the second index to the NS_ERROR_CODES array
            // if the caller/expected NS is not absent, we use the first column
            int secondIdx = 0;
            // for include and redefine
            if (referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_INCLUDE ||
                    referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_REDEFINE ||
                    referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_OVERRIDE ) {
                // if the referred document has no targetNamespace,
                // it's a chameleon schema
                if (currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace == null) {
                    currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace = callerTNS;
                    currSchemaInfo.fIsChameleonSchema = true;
                }
                // if the referred document has a target namespace differing
                // from the caller, it's an error
                else if (callerTNS != currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace) {
                    reportSchemaError(NS_ERROR_CODES[referType][secondIdx],
                            new Object [] {callerTNS, currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace},
							schemaRoot);
                    return null;
                }
            }
            // for instance and import, the two NS's must be the same
            else if (referType != XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE && callerTNS != currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace) {
                reportSchemaError(NS_ERROR_CODES[referType][secondIdx],
                        new Object [] {callerTNS, currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace},
						schemaRoot);
                return null;
            }
        }
        // now there is no caller/expected NS, it's an error for the referred
        // document to have a target namespace, unless we are preparsing a schema
        else if (currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace != null) {
            // set the target namespace of the description
            if (referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_PREPARSE) {
                desc.setTargetNamespace(currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace);
                callerTNS = currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace;
            }
            else {
                // the second index to the NS_ERROR_CODES array
                // if the caller/expected NS is absent, we use the second column
                int secondIdx = 1;
                reportSchemaError(NS_ERROR_CODES[referType][secondIdx],
                        new Object [] {callerTNS, currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace},
						schemaRoot);
                return null;
            }
        }
        // the other cases (callerTNS == currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespce == null)
        // are valid
        
        // a schema document can always access it's own target namespace
        currSchemaInfo.addAllowedNS(currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace);
        
        SchemaGrammar sg = null;

        // we have a namespace collision
        if (nsCollision) {
            SchemaGrammar sg2 = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace);
            if (sg2.isImmutable()) {
                sg = new SchemaGrammar(sg2);
                fGrammarBucket.putGrammar(sg);
                // update all the grammars in the bucket to point to the new grammar.
                updateImportListWith(sg);
            }
            else {
                sg = sg2;
            }

            // update import list of the new grammar
            updateImportListFor(sg);
        }
        else if (referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_INCLUDE ||
                        referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_REDEFINE || 
                        referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_OVERRIDE) {
            sg = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace);
        }
        else if(fHonourAllSchemaLocations && referType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_IMPORT) {
            sg = findGrammar(desc, false);
            if(sg == null) {
                sg = new SchemaGrammar(currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace, desc.makeClone(), fSymbolTable, fSchemaVersion);
                fGrammarBucket.putGrammar(sg);
            }
        }
        else {
            sg = new SchemaGrammar(currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace, desc.makeClone(), fSymbolTable, fSchemaVersion);
            fGrammarBucket.putGrammar(sg);
        }
        
        // store the document and its location
        // REVISIT: don't expose the DOM tree
        sg.addDocument(null, (String)fDoc2SystemId.get(currSchemaInfo.fSchemaElement));
        
        fDoc2XSDocumentMap.put(schemaRoot, currSchemaInfo);
        Vector dependencies = new Vector();
        Vector overrideDependencies = new Vector();
        Element rootNode = schemaRoot;
        
        Element newSchemaRoot = null;
        for (Element child = DOMUtil.getFirstChildElement(rootNode);
        child != null;
        child = DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(child)) {
            String schemaNamespace=null;
            String schemaHint=null;
            String localName = DOMUtil.getLocalName(child);
            
            short refType = -1;
            boolean importCollision = false;
            
            if (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ANNOTATION))
                continue;
            else if (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_IMPORT)) {
                refType = XSDDescription.CONTEXT_IMPORT;
                // have to handle some validation here too!
                // call XSAttributeChecker to fill in attrs
                Object[] importAttrs = fAttributeChecker.checkAttributes(child, true, currSchemaInfo);
                schemaHint = (String)importAttrs[XSAttributeChecker.ATTIDX_SCHEMALOCATION];
                schemaNamespace = (String)importAttrs[XSAttributeChecker.ATTIDX_NAMESPACE];
                if (schemaNamespace != null)
                    schemaNamespace = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(schemaNamespace);
                
                // check contents and process optional annotations
                Element importChild = DOMUtil.getFirstChildElement(child);
                if(importChild != null ) {
                    String importComponentType = DOMUtil.getLocalName(importChild);
                    if (importComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ANNOTATION)) {
                        // promoting annotations to parent component
                        sg.addAnnotation(
                                fElementTraverser.traverseAnnotationDecl(importChild, importAttrs, true, currSchemaInfo));
                    } else {
                        reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-must-match.1", new Object [] {localName, "annotation?", importComponentType}, child);
                    }
                    if(DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(importChild) != null) {
                        reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-must-match.1", new Object [] {localName, "annotation?", DOMUtil.getLocalName(DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(importChild))}, child);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    String text = DOMUtil.getSyntheticAnnotation(child);
                    if (text != null) {
                        sg.addAnnotation(fElementTraverser.traverseSyntheticAnnotation(child, text, importAttrs, true, currSchemaInfo));
                    }
                }
                fAttributeChecker.returnAttrArray(importAttrs, currSchemaInfo);
                
                // a document can't import another document with the same namespace
                if (schemaNamespace == currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace) {
                    reportSchemaError(schemaNamespace != null ? 
                            "src-import.1.1" : "src-import.1.2", new Object [] {schemaNamespace}, child);
                    continue;
                }

                // if this namespace has not been imported by this document,
                //  then import if multiple imports support is enabled.
                if(currSchemaInfo.isAllowedNS(schemaNamespace)) {
                    if(!fHonourAllSchemaLocations && !fNamespaceGrowth)
                        continue;
                }
                else  {
                    currSchemaInfo.addAllowedNS(schemaNamespace);
                }
                // also record the fact that one namespace imports another one
                // convert null to ""
                String tns = null2EmptyString(currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace);
                // get all namespaces imported by this one
                Vector ins = (Vector)fImportMap.get(tns);
                // if no namespace was imported, create new Vector
                if (ins == null) {
                    // record that this one imports other(s)
                    fAllTNSs.addElement(tns);
                    ins = new Vector();
                    fImportMap.put(tns, ins);
                    ins.addElement(schemaNamespace);
                }
                else if (!ins.contains(schemaNamespace)){
                    ins.addElement(schemaNamespace);
                }
                
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.reset();
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setContextType(XSDDescription.CONTEXT_IMPORT);
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setBaseSystemId(doc2SystemId(schemaRoot));
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setLiteralSystemId(schemaHint);
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setLocationHints(new String[]{schemaHint});
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setTargetNamespace(schemaNamespace);
                
                // if a grammar with the same namespace and location exists (or being
                // built), ignore this one (don't traverse it).
                SchemaGrammar isg = findGrammar(fSchemaGrammarDescription, fNamespaceGrowth);
                if (isg != null) {
                    if (fNamespaceGrowth) {
                        try {
                            if (isg.getDocumentLocations().contains(XMLEntityManager.expandSystemId(schemaHint, fSchemaGrammarDescription.getBaseSystemId(), false))) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            else {
                                importCollision = true;
                            }
                        } 
                        catch (MalformedURIException e) {
                        }
                    }
                    else if (!fHonourAllSchemaLocations || isExistingGrammar(fSchemaGrammarDescription, false)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                //if ((!fHonourAllSchemaLocations && findGrammar(fSchemaGrammarDescription) != null) || isExistingGrammar(fSchemaGrammarDescription))
                //    continue;

                // If "findGrammar" returns a grammar, then this is not the
                // the first time we see a location for a given namespace.
                // Don't consult the location pair hashtable in this case,
                // otherwise the location will be ignored because it'll get
                // resolved to the same location as the first hint.
                newSchemaRoot = resolveSchema(fSchemaGrammarDescription, false, child, isg == null);
            }
            else if ((localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_INCLUDE)) ||
                    (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_REDEFINE)) ||
                    (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_OVERRIDE) && fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1)) {
                // validation for redefine/include will be the same here; just
                // make sure TNS is right (don't care about redef contents
                // yet).
                Object[] includeAttrs = fAttributeChecker.checkAttributes(child, true, currSchemaInfo);
                schemaHint = (String)includeAttrs[XSAttributeChecker.ATTIDX_SCHEMALOCATION];
                // store the namespace decls of the redefine element
                if (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_REDEFINE)) {
                    fRedefine2NSSupport.put(child, new SchemaNamespaceSupport(currSchemaInfo.fNamespaceSupport));
                }
                
                // check annotations.  Must do this here to avoid having to
                // re-parse attributes later
                if(localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_INCLUDE)) {
                    Element includeChild = DOMUtil.getFirstChildElement(child);
                    if(includeChild != null ) {
                        String includeComponentType = DOMUtil.getLocalName(includeChild);
                        if (includeComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ANNOTATION)) {
                            // promoting annotations to parent component
                            sg.addAnnotation(
                                    fElementTraverser.traverseAnnotationDecl(includeChild, includeAttrs, true, currSchemaInfo));
                        } else {
                            reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-must-match.1", new Object [] {localName, "annotation?", includeComponentType}, child);
                        }
                        if(DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(includeChild) != null) {
                            reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-must-match.1", new Object [] {localName, "annotation?", DOMUtil.getLocalName(DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(includeChild))}, child);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        String text = DOMUtil.getSyntheticAnnotation(child);
                        if (text != null) {
                            sg.addAnnotation(fElementTraverser.traverseSyntheticAnnotation(child, text, includeAttrs, true, currSchemaInfo));
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    for (Element redefinedChild = DOMUtil.getFirstChildElement(child);
                    redefinedChild != null;
                    redefinedChild = DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(redefinedChild)) {
                        String redefinedComponentType = DOMUtil.getLocalName(redefinedChild);
                        if (redefinedComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ANNOTATION)) {
                            // promoting annotations to parent component
                            sg.addAnnotation(
                                    fElementTraverser.traverseAnnotationDecl(redefinedChild, includeAttrs, true, currSchemaInfo));
                            DOMUtil.setHidden(redefinedChild, fHiddenNodes);
                        }
                        else {
                            String text = DOMUtil.getSyntheticAnnotation(child);
                            if (text != null) {
                                sg.addAnnotation(fElementTraverser.traverseSyntheticAnnotation(child, text, includeAttrs, true, currSchemaInfo));
                            }
                        }
                        // catch all other content errors later
                    }
                }
                fAttributeChecker.returnAttrArray(includeAttrs, currSchemaInfo);
                // schemaLocation is required on  and 
                if (schemaHint == null) {
                    reportSchemaError("s4s-att-must-appear", new Object [] {
                            " or ", "schemaLocation"},
                            child);
                }
                // pass the systemId of the current document as the base systemId
                boolean mustResolve = false;
                refType = XSDDescription.CONTEXT_INCLUDE;
                if (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_REDEFINE)) {
                    mustResolve = nonAnnotationContent(child);
                    refType = XSDDescription.CONTEXT_REDEFINE;
                }
                else if (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_OVERRIDE)){
                    mustResolve = nonAnnotationContent(child);
                    refType = XSDDescription.CONTEXT_OVERRIDE;
                }
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.reset();
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setContextType(refType);
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setBaseSystemId(doc2SystemId(schemaRoot));
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setLocationHints(new String[]{schemaHint});
                fSchemaGrammarDescription.setTargetNamespace(callerTNS);

                XMLInputSource schemaSource = resolveSchemaSource(fSchemaGrammarDescription, mustResolve, child, true);
                String schemaId = null;
                try {
                    schemaId = XMLEntityManager.expandSystemId(schemaSource.getSystemId(), schemaSource.getBaseSystemId(), false);                     
                }
                catch(MalformedURIException e) {
                }

                // If namespace growth is enabled, and we have already
                // processed the same schema (ie. same system id), we
                // treat the schema as duplicate, since we cannot replace
                // the existing global components
                boolean alreadyTraversed = (fNamespaceGrowth) ? sg.getDocumentLocations().contains(schemaId) : false;
                if (!alreadyTraversed) {
                    newSchemaRoot = resolveSchema(schemaSource, fSchemaGrammarDescription, mustResolve, child);                    
                    schemaNamespace = currSchemaInfo.fTargetNamespace;
                    if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1) {
                        if (refType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_OVERRIDE) {
                            if (newSchemaRoot != null && isValidTargetUriForIncludeOrOverride(schemaId, locationHint)) {
                                final Element transformedSchemaRoot = (Element) fOverrideHandler.transform(schemaId, child, newSchemaRoot);

                                // Either we had a collision where the transformed
                                // schema has global components or we hit a
                                // transformation cycle
                                if (transformedSchemaRoot == null) {
                                    fLastSchemaWasDuplicate = true;
                                }
                                // In case of a collision where the transformed
                                // schema has no global components, the override
                                // transformer will return the new transformed
                                // schema. We need to process that new schema,
                                // so we set the duplicate schema flag to false

                                else if (fLastSchemaWasDuplicate && transformedSchemaRoot != newSchemaRoot) {
                                    fLastSchemaWasDuplicate = false;
                                }

                                newSchemaRoot = transformedSchemaRoot;
                            }
                            else {
                                // check for override collision
                                fOverrideHandler.checkSchemaRoot(schemaId, child, newSchemaRoot);
                            }
                        }
                        else if (refType == XSDDescription.CONTEXT_INCLUDE && !isValidTargetUriForIncludeOrOverride(schemaId, locationHint)) {
                            fLastSchemaWasDuplicate = true; 
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    fLastSchemaWasDuplicate = true;
                }
            }
            else {
                // no more possibility of schema references in well-formed
                // schema...
                break;
            }
            
            // If the schema is duplicate, we needn't call constructTrees() again.
            // To handle mutual s
            XSDocumentInfo newSchemaInfo = null;
            if (fLastSchemaWasDuplicate) {
                newSchemaInfo = newSchemaRoot == null ? null : (XSDocumentInfo)fDoc2XSDocumentMap.get(newSchemaRoot);
            }
            else {
               	newSchemaInfo = constructTrees(newSchemaRoot, schemaHint, fSchemaGrammarDescription, importCollision);
            }
            
            if (localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_REDEFINE) &&
                    newSchemaInfo != null) {
                // must record which schema we're redefining so that we can
                // rename the right things later!
                fRedefine2XSDMap.put(child, newSchemaInfo);
            }
            if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1 && localName.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_OVERRIDE) && newSchemaInfo != null) {
                // record this override dependency
                overrideDependencies.addElement(newSchemaInfo);  
            }
            if (newSchemaRoot != null) {
                if (newSchemaInfo != null)
                    dependencies.addElement(newSchemaInfo);
                newSchemaRoot = null;
            }
        }
        
        if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1) {
           fOverrideDependencyMap.put(currSchemaInfo, overrideDependencies);
        }
        fDependencyMap.put(currSchemaInfo, dependencies);
        return currSchemaInfo;
    } // end constructTrees
    
    /*
     * Check if the target URI for  or  is correct. It must not be absent, and it should not point
     * to the parent schema document.
     */
    private boolean isValidTargetUriForIncludeOrOverride(String schemaId, String locationHint) {
        boolean isUriValid = true;
        try {
           String expandedLoctionHint = XMLEntityManager.expandSystemId(locationHint, fSchemaGrammarDescription.getBaseSystemId(), false); 
           isUriValid = !("".equals(schemaId) || ((expandedLoctionHint != null) ? expandedLoctionHint.equals(schemaId) : true));
        }
        catch (MalformedURIException ex) {
           isUriValid = false;  
        }
        return isUriValid;
    } // isValidTargetUriForIncludeOrOverride

    private boolean isExistingGrammar(XSDDescription desc, boolean ignoreConflict) {
        SchemaGrammar sg = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(desc.getTargetNamespace());
        if (sg == null) {
            return findGrammar(desc, ignoreConflict) != null;
        }
        else if (sg.isImmutable()) {
            return true;
        }
        else {
            try {
                return sg.getDocumentLocations().contains(XMLEntityManager.expandSystemId(desc.getLiteralSystemId(), desc.getBaseSystemId(), false));
            } 
            catch (MalformedURIException e) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Namespace growth
     * 
     * Go through the import list of a given grammar and for each imported
     * grammar, check to see if the grammar bucket has a newer version.
     * If a new instance is found, we update the import list with the
     * newer version.
     */
    private void updateImportListFor(SchemaGrammar grammar) {
        Vector importedGrammars = grammar.getImportedGrammars();
        if (importedGrammars != null) {
            for (int i=0; i).  We
        // also put  names in a registry that we look through in
        // case something needs renaming.  Once we're done with a schema we
        // set its Document node to hidden so that we don't try to traverse
        // it again; then we look to its Dependency map entry.  We keep a
        // stack of schemas that we haven't yet finished processing; this
        // is a depth-first traversal.
            
        Stack schemasToProcess = new Stack();
        schemasToProcess.push(fRoot);
       
        while (!schemasToProcess.empty()) {            
            XSDocumentInfo currSchemaDoc =
                (XSDocumentInfo)schemasToProcess.pop();
            Element currDoc = currSchemaDoc.fSchemaElement; 
            if(DOMUtil.isHidden(currDoc, fHiddenNodes)){
                // must have processed this already!
                continue;
            }

            Element currRoot = currDoc;
            // process this schema's global decls
            boolean dependenciesCanOccur = true;
            for (Element globalComp =
                DOMUtil.getFirstChildElement(currRoot);
            globalComp != null;
            globalComp = DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(globalComp)) {
                // this loop makes sure the  element ordering is
                // also valid.
                if (DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ANNOTATION)) {
                    //skip it; traverse it later
                    continue;
                }
                else if (DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_INCLUDE) ||
                        DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_IMPORT) ||
                        (DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_OVERRIDE) && fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1)) {
                    if (!dependenciesCanOccur) {
                        reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-invalid-content.3", new Object [] {DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp)}, globalComp);
                    }
                    DOMUtil.setHidden(globalComp, fHiddenNodes);
                }
                else if (DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_REDEFINE)) {
                    if (!dependenciesCanOccur) {
                        reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-invalid-content.3", new Object [] {DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp)}, globalComp);
                    }
                    for (Element redefineComp = DOMUtil.getFirstChildElement(globalComp);
                    redefineComp != null;
                    redefineComp = DOMUtil.getNextSiblingElement(redefineComp)) {
                        String lName = DOMUtil.getAttrValue(redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ATT_NAME);
                        if (lName.length() == 0) // an error we'll catch later
                            continue;
                        String qName = currSchemaDoc.fTargetNamespace == null ?
                                ","+lName:
                                    currSchemaDoc.fTargetNamespace +","+lName;
                        //qName = XMLChar.trim(qName);
                        String componentType = DOMUtil.getLocalName(redefineComp);
                        if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ATTRIBUTEGROUP)) {
                            checkForDuplicateNames(qName, ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE, fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistry, fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistrySub, redefineComp, currSchemaDoc);
                            // the check will have changed our name;
                            String targetLName = DOMUtil.getAttrValue(redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ATT_NAME)+REDEF_IDENTIFIER;
                            // and all we need to do is error-check+rename our kkids:
                            renameRedefiningComponents(currSchemaDoc, redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ELT_ATTRIBUTEGROUP,
                                    lName, targetLName);
                        }
                        else if ((componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE)) ||
                                (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_SIMPLETYPE))) {
                            checkForDuplicateNames(qName, TYPEDECL_TYPE, fUnparsedTypeRegistry, fUnparsedTypeRegistrySub, redefineComp, currSchemaDoc);
                            // the check will have changed our name;
                            String targetLName = DOMUtil.getAttrValue(redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ATT_NAME) + REDEF_IDENTIFIER;
                            // and all we need to do is error-check+rename our kkids:
                            if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE)) {
                                renameRedefiningComponents(currSchemaDoc, redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE,
                                        lName, targetLName);
                            }
                            else { // must be simpleType
                                renameRedefiningComponents(currSchemaDoc, redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ELT_SIMPLETYPE,
                                        lName, targetLName);
                            }
                        }
                        else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_GROUP)) {
                            checkForDuplicateNames(qName, GROUP_TYPE, fUnparsedGroupRegistry, fUnparsedGroupRegistrySub, redefineComp, currSchemaDoc);
                            // the check will have changed our name;
                            String targetLName = DOMUtil.getAttrValue(redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ATT_NAME)+REDEF_IDENTIFIER;
                            // and all we need to do is error-check+rename our kids:
                            renameRedefiningComponents(currSchemaDoc, redefineComp, SchemaSymbols.ELT_GROUP,
                                    lName, targetLName);
                        }
                    } // end march through  children
                    // and now set as traversed
                    //DOMUtil.setHidden(globalComp);
                }
                else {
                    String lName = DOMUtil.getAttrValue(globalComp, SchemaSymbols.ATT_NAME);
                    String componentType = DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp);

                    // In XML Schema 1.1, a defaultOpenContent element may occur
                    if (fSchemaVersion >= Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1 && componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_DEFAULTOPENCONTENT)) {
                        if (!dependenciesCanOccur) {
                            reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-invalid-content.3", new Object [] {componentType}, globalComp);
                        }
                        final SchemaGrammar currSG = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(currSchemaDoc.fTargetNamespace);
                        currSchemaDoc.fDefaultOpenContent = fComplexTypeTraverser.traverseOpenContent(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG, true);
                        DOMUtil.setHidden(globalComp, fHiddenNodes);
                        dependenciesCanOccur = false;
                        continue;
                    }
                    
                    dependenciesCanOccur = false;
                    if (lName.length() == 0) // an error we'll catch later
                        continue;
                    String qName = currSchemaDoc.fTargetNamespace == null?
                            ","+lName:
                                currSchemaDoc.fTargetNamespace +","+lName;
                    //qName = XMLChar.trim(qName);
                    if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
                        checkForDuplicateNames(qName, ATTRIBUTE_TYPE, fUnparsedAttributeRegistry, fUnparsedAttributeRegistrySub, globalComp, currSchemaDoc);
                    }
                    else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ATTRIBUTEGROUP)) {
                        checkForDuplicateNames(qName, ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE, fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistry, fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistrySub, globalComp, currSchemaDoc);
                    }
                    else if ((componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE)) ||
                            (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_SIMPLETYPE))) {
                        checkForDuplicateNames(qName, TYPEDECL_TYPE, fUnparsedTypeRegistry, fUnparsedTypeRegistrySub, globalComp, currSchemaDoc);
                    }
                    else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ELEMENT)) {
                        checkForDuplicateNames(qName, ELEMENT_TYPE, fUnparsedElementRegistry, fUnparsedElementRegistrySub, globalComp, currSchemaDoc);
                    }
                    else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_GROUP)) {
                        checkForDuplicateNames(qName, GROUP_TYPE, fUnparsedGroupRegistry, fUnparsedGroupRegistrySub, globalComp, currSchemaDoc);
                    }
                    else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_NOTATION)) {
                        checkForDuplicateNames(qName, NOTATION_TYPE, fUnparsedNotationRegistry, fUnparsedNotationRegistrySub, globalComp, currSchemaDoc);
                    }
                }
            } // end for
            
            // now we're done with this one!
           	DOMUtil.setHidden(currDoc, fHiddenNodes);
            // now add the schemas this guy depends on
            Vector currSchemaDepends = (Vector)fDependencyMap.get(currSchemaDoc);
            for (int i = 0; i < currSchemaDepends.size(); i++) {
                schemasToProcess.push(currSchemaDepends.elementAt(i));
            }
        } // while

    } // end buildGlobalNameRegistries

    protected void buildDefaultAttributes() {
        Stack schemasToProcess = new Stack();

        setSchemasVisible(fRoot);
        schemasToProcess.push(fRoot);
        while (!schemasToProcess.empty()) {
            XSDocumentInfo currSchemaDoc =
                (XSDocumentInfo)schemasToProcess.pop();
            final Element currDoc = currSchemaDoc.fSchemaElement;
            
            if(DOMUtil.isHidden(currDoc, fHiddenNodes)) {
                // must have processed this already!
                continue;
            }

            // Check that we have a 'defaultAttributes' and that we have not already processed it
            if (currSchemaDoc.fDefaultAttributes != null && currSchemaDoc.fDefaultAGroup == null) {
                currSchemaDoc.fDefaultAGroup = (XSAttributeGroupDecl) getGlobalDecl(
                        currSchemaDoc, XSDHandler.ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE, currSchemaDoc.fDefaultAttributes, currDoc);
            }
            // now we're done with this one!
            // now we're done with this one!
            DOMUtil.setHidden(currDoc, fHiddenNodes);
            // now add the schemas this guy depends on
            Vector currSchemaDepends = (Vector)fDependencyMap.get(currSchemaDoc);
            for (int i = 0; i < currSchemaDepends.size(); i++) {
                schemasToProcess.push(currSchemaDepends.elementAt(i));
            }
        } // while
    } // end buildDefaultAttributes

    // Beginning at the first schema processing was requested for
    // (fRoot), this method
    // examines each child (global schema information item) of each
    // schema document (and of each  element)
    // corresponding to an XSDocumentInfo object.  If the
    // readOnly field on that node has not been set, it calls an
    // appropriate traverser to traverse it.  Once all global decls in
    // an XSDocumentInfo object have been traversed, it marks that object
    // as traversed (or hidden) in order to avoid infinite loops.  It completes
    // when it has visited all XSDocumentInfo objects in the
    // DependencyMap and marked them as traversed.
    protected void traverseSchemas(ArrayList annotationInfo) {
        // the process here is very similar to that in
        // buildGlobalRegistries, except we can't set our schemas as
        // hidden for a second time; so make them all visible again
        // first!
        setSchemasVisible(fRoot);
        Stack schemasToProcess = new Stack();
        schemasToProcess.push(fRoot);
        while (!schemasToProcess.empty()) {
            XSDocumentInfo currSchemaDoc =
                (XSDocumentInfo)schemasToProcess.pop();
            Element currDoc = currSchemaDoc.fSchemaElement;
       
            SchemaGrammar currSG = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(currSchemaDoc.fTargetNamespace);

            if(DOMUtil.isHidden(currDoc, fHiddenNodes)) {
                // must have processed this already!
                continue;
            }
            Element currRoot = currDoc;
            boolean sawAnnotation = false;

            // traverse this schema's global decls
            for (Element globalComp =
                DOMUtil.getFirstVisibleChildElement(currRoot, fHiddenNodes);
            globalComp != null;
            globalComp = DOMUtil.getNextVisibleSiblingElement(globalComp, fHiddenNodes)) {
                DOMUtil.setHidden(globalComp, fHiddenNodes); 
                String componentType = DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp);
                // includes and imports will not show up here!
                if (DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_REDEFINE)) {
                    // use the namespace decls for the redefine, instead of for the parent 
                    currSchemaDoc.backupNSSupport((SchemaNamespaceSupport)fRedefine2NSSupport.get(globalComp));
                    for (Element redefinedComp = DOMUtil.getFirstVisibleChildElement(globalComp, fHiddenNodes);
                    redefinedComp != null;
                    redefinedComp = DOMUtil.getNextVisibleSiblingElement(redefinedComp, fHiddenNodes)) {
                        String redefinedComponentType = DOMUtil.getLocalName(redefinedComp);
                        DOMUtil.setHidden(redefinedComp, fHiddenNodes);
                        if (redefinedComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ATTRIBUTEGROUP)) {
                            fAttributeGroupTraverser.traverseGlobal(redefinedComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                        }
                        else if (redefinedComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE)) {
                            fComplexTypeTraverser.traverseGlobal(redefinedComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                        }
                        else if (redefinedComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_GROUP)) {
                            fGroupTraverser.traverseGlobal(redefinedComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                        }
                        else if (redefinedComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_SIMPLETYPE)) {
                            fSimpleTypeTraverser.traverseGlobal(redefinedComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                        }
                        // annotations will have been processed already; this is now
                        // unnecessary
                        //else if (redefinedComponentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ANNOTATION)) {
                        //    fElementTraverser.traverseAnnotationDecl(redefinedComp, null, true, currSchemaDoc);
                        //}
                        else {
                            reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-must-match.1", new Object [] {DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp), "(annotation | (simpleType | complexType | group | attributeGroup))*", redefinedComponentType}, redefinedComp);
                        }
                    } // end march through  children
                    currSchemaDoc.restoreNSSupport();
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
                    fAttributeTraverser.traverseGlobal(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ATTRIBUTEGROUP)) {
                    fAttributeGroupTraverser.traverseGlobal(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE)) {
                    fComplexTypeTraverser.traverseGlobal(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ELEMENT)) {
                    fElementTraverser.traverseGlobal(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_GROUP)) {
                    fGroupTraverser.traverseGlobal(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_NOTATION)) {
                    fNotationTraverser.traverse(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_SIMPLETYPE)) {
                    fSimpleTypeTraverser.traverseGlobal(globalComp, currSchemaDoc, currSG);
                }
                else if (componentType.equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_ANNOTATION)) {
                    currSG.addAnnotation(fElementTraverser.traverseAnnotationDecl(globalComp, currSchemaDoc.getSchemaAttrs(), true, currSchemaDoc));
                    sawAnnotation = true;
                }
                else {
                    reportSchemaError("s4s-elt-invalid-content.1", new Object [] {SchemaSymbols.ELT_SCHEMA, DOMUtil.getLocalName(globalComp)}, globalComp);
                }
            } // end for
            
            if (!sawAnnotation) {
                String text = DOMUtil.getSyntheticAnnotation(currRoot);
                if (text != null) {
                    currSG.addAnnotation(fElementTraverser.traverseSyntheticAnnotation(currRoot, text, currSchemaDoc.getSchemaAttrs(), true, currSchemaDoc));
                }
            }
            
            /** Collect annotation information for validation. **/
            if (annotationInfo != null) {
                XSAnnotationInfo info = currSchemaDoc.getAnnotations();
                /** Only add annotations to the list if there were any in this document. **/
                if (info != null) {
                    annotationInfo.add(doc2SystemId(currDoc));
                    annotationInfo.add(info);
                }
            }
            // now we're done with this one!
            currSchemaDoc.returnSchemaAttrs();
            DOMUtil.setHidden(currDoc, fHiddenNodes);

            // now add the schemas this guy depends on
            Vector currSchemaDepends = (Vector)fDependencyMap.get(currSchemaDoc);
            for (int i = 0; i < currSchemaDepends.size(); i++) {
                schemasToProcess.push(currSchemaDepends.elementAt(i));
            }
        } // while
    } // end traverseSchemas
    
    // store whether we have reported an error about that no grammar
    // is found for the given namespace uri
    private Vector fReportedTNS = null;
    // check whether we need to report an error against the given uri.
    // if we have reported an error, then we don't need to report again;
    // otherwise we reported the error, and remember this fact.
    private final boolean needReportTNSError(String uri) {
        if (fReportedTNS == null)
            fReportedTNS = new Vector();
        else if (fReportedTNS.contains(uri))
            return false;
        fReportedTNS.addElement(uri);
        return true;
    }
    
    private static final String[] COMP_TYPE = {
            null,               // index 0
            "attribute declaration",
            "attribute group",
            "element declaration",
            "group",
            "identity constraint",
            "notation",
            "type definition",
    };
    
    private static final String[] CIRCULAR_CODES = {
            "Internal-Error",
            "Internal-Error",
            "src-attribute_group.3",
            "e-props-correct.6",
            "mg-props-correct.2",
            "Internal-Error",
            "Internal-Error",
            "st-props-correct.2",       //or ct-props-correct.3
    };

    // add a global attribute decl from a current schema load (only if no existing decl is found)
    void addGlobalAttributeDecl(XSAttributeDecl decl) {
        final String namespace = decl.getNamespace();
        final String declKey = (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            ? "," + decl.getName() : namespace + "," + decl.getName();

        if (fGlobalAttrDecls.get(declKey) == null) {
            fGlobalAttrDecls.put(declKey, decl);
        }
    }

    // add a global attribute group decl from a current schema load (only if no existing decl is found)
    void addGlobalAttributeGroupDecl(XSAttributeGroupDecl decl) {
        final String namespace = decl.getNamespace();
        final String declKey = (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            ? "," + decl.getName() : namespace + "," + decl.getName();

        if (fGlobalAttrGrpDecls.get(declKey) == null) {
            fGlobalAttrGrpDecls.put(declKey, decl);
        }
    }

    // add a global element decl from a current schema load (only if no existing decl is found)
    void addGlobalElementDecl(XSElementDecl decl) {
        final String namespace = decl.getNamespace();
        final String declKey = (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            ? "," + decl.getName() : namespace + "," + decl.getName();

        if (fGlobalElemDecls.get(declKey) == null) {
            fGlobalElemDecls.put(declKey, decl);
        }
    }

    // add a global group decl from a current schema load (only if no existing decl is found)
    void addGlobalGroupDecl(XSGroupDecl decl) {
        final String namespace = decl.getNamespace();
        final String declKey = (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            ? "," + decl.getName() : namespace + "," + decl.getName();

        if (fGlobalGroupDecls.get(declKey) == null) {
            fGlobalGroupDecls.put(declKey, decl);
        }
    }

    // add a global notation decl from a current schema load (only if no existing decl is found)
    void addGlobalNotationDecl(XSNotationDecl decl) {
        final String namespace = decl.getNamespace();
        final String declKey = (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            ? "," + decl.getName() : namespace + "," + decl.getName();

        if (fGlobalNotationDecls.get(declKey) == null) {
            fGlobalNotationDecls.put(declKey, decl);
        }
    }

    // add a global type decl from a current schema load (only if no existing decl is found)
    void addGlobalTypeDecl(XSTypeDefinition decl) {
        final String namespace = decl.getNamespace();
        final String declKey = (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            ? "," + decl.getName() : namespace + "," + decl.getName();

        if (fGlobalTypeDecls.get(declKey) == null) {
            fGlobalTypeDecls.put(declKey, decl);
        }
    }

    // add a identity constraint decl from a current schema load (only if no existing decl is found)
    void addIDConstraintDecl(IdentityConstraint decl) {
        final String namespace = decl.getNamespace();
        final String declKey = (namespace == null || namespace.length() == 0)
            ? "," + decl.getIdentityConstraintName() : namespace + "," + decl.getIdentityConstraintName();

        if (fGlobalIDConstraintDecls.get(declKey) == null) {
            fGlobalIDConstraintDecls.put(declKey, decl);
        }
    }

    private XSAttributeDecl getGlobalAttributeDecl(String declKey) {
        return (XSAttributeDecl)fGlobalAttrDecls.get(declKey);
    }

    private XSAttributeGroupDecl getGlobalAttributeGroupDecl(String declKey) {
        return (XSAttributeGroupDecl)fGlobalAttrGrpDecls.get(declKey);
    }

    private XSElementDecl getGlobalElementDecl(String declKey) {
        return (XSElementDecl)fGlobalElemDecls.get(declKey);
    }

    private XSGroupDecl getGlobalGroupDecl(String declKey) {
        return (XSGroupDecl)fGlobalGroupDecls.get(declKey);
    }

    private XSNotationDecl getGlobalNotationDecl(String declKey) {
        return (XSNotationDecl)fGlobalNotationDecls.get(declKey);
    }

    private XSTypeDefinition getGlobalTypeDecl(String declKey) {
        return (XSTypeDefinition)fGlobalTypeDecls.get(declKey);
    }

    private IdentityConstraint getIDConstraintDecl(String declKey) {
        return (IdentityConstraint)fGlobalIDConstraintDecls.get(declKey);
    }

    // since it is forbidden for traversers to talk to each other
    // directly (except wen a traverser encounters a local declaration),
    // this provides a generic means for a traverser to call
    // for the traversal of some declaration.  An XSDocumentInfo is
    // required because the XSDocumentInfo that the traverser is traversing
    // may bear no relation to the one the handler is operating on.
    // This method will:
    // 1.  See if a global definition matching declToTraverse exists;
    // 2. if so, determine if there is a path from currSchema to the
    // schema document where declToTraverse lives (i.e., do a lookup
    // in DependencyMap);
    // 3. depending on declType (which will be relevant to step 1 as
    // well), call the appropriate traverser with the appropriate
    // XSDocumentInfo object.
    // This method returns whatever the traverser it called returned;
    // this will be an Object of some kind
    // that lives in the Grammar.
    protected Object getGlobalDecl(XSDocumentInfo currSchema,
            int declType,
            QName declToTraverse,
            Element elmNode) {
        
        if (DEBUG_NODE_POOL) {
            System.out.println("TRAVERSE_GL: "+declToTraverse.toString());
        }
        // from the schema spec, all built-in types are present in all schemas,
        // so if the requested component is a type, and could be found in the
        // default schema grammar, we should return that type.
        // otherwise (since we would support user-defined schema grammar) we'll
        // use the normal way to get the decl
        if (declToTraverse.uri != null &&
                declToTraverse.uri == SchemaSymbols.URI_SCHEMAFORSCHEMA) {
            if (declType == TYPEDECL_TYPE) {
                if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_0_EXTENDED) {
                    if (declToTraverse.localpart.equals("duration") ||
                            declToTraverse.localpart.equals("yearMonthDuration") ||
                            declToTraverse.localpart.equals("dayTimeDuration")) {
                        return null;
                    }
                }
                SchemaGrammar s4s = SchemaGrammar.getS4SGrammar(fSchemaVersion);
                Object retObj = s4s.getGlobalTypeDecl(declToTraverse.localpart);
                if (retObj != null)
                    return retObj;
            }
        }

        // XML Schema 1.1 allows reference to xsi attributes
        if (fSchemaVersion == Constants.SCHEMA_VERSION_1_1 &&
                declType == ATTRIBUTE_TYPE &&
                declToTraverse.uri == SchemaSymbols.URI_XSI) {
            SchemaGrammar xsiGrammar = SchemaGrammar.getXSIGrammar(fSchemaVersion);
            Object retObj = xsiGrammar.getGlobalAttributeDecl(declToTraverse.localpart);
            if (retObj != null) {
                return retObj;
            }
        }

        // now check whether this document can access the requsted namespace
        if (!currSchema.isAllowedNS(declToTraverse.uri)) {
            // cannot get to this schema from the one containing the requesting decl
            if (currSchema.needReportTNSError(declToTraverse.uri)) {
                String code = declToTraverse.uri == null ? "src-resolve.4.1" : "src-resolve.4.2";
                reportSchemaError(code, new Object[]{fDoc2SystemId.get(currSchema.fSchemaElement), declToTraverse.uri, declToTraverse.rawname}, elmNode);
            }
            // Recover and continue to look for the component.
            // return null;
        }

        // check whether there is grammar for the requested namespace
        SchemaGrammar sGrammar = fGrammarBucket.getGrammar(declToTraverse.uri);
        if (sGrammar == null) {
            if (needReportTNSError(declToTraverse.uri))
                reportSchemaError("src-resolve", new Object[]{declToTraverse.rawname, COMP_TYPE[declType]}, elmNode);
            return null;
        }

        // if there is such grammar, check whether the requested component is in the grammar
        Object retObj = getGlobalDeclFromGrammar(sGrammar, declType, declToTraverse.localpart);
        String declKey = declToTraverse.uri == null? ","+declToTraverse.localpart:
            declToTraverse.uri+","+declToTraverse.localpart;
        
        // if the component is parsed, return it
        if (!fTolerateDuplicates) {
            if (retObj != null) {
                return retObj;
            }
        }
        else {
            Object retObj2 = getGlobalDecl(declKey, declType);
            if (retObj2 != null) {
                return retObj2;
            }
        }

        XSDocumentInfo schemaWithDecl = null;
        Element decl = null;
        XSDocumentInfo declDoc = null;

        // the component is not parsed, try to find a DOM element for it
        switch (declType) {
        case ATTRIBUTE_TYPE :
            decl = (Element)fUnparsedAttributeRegistry.get(declKey);
            declDoc = (XSDocumentInfo)fUnparsedAttributeRegistrySub.get(declKey);
            break;
        case ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE :
            decl = (Element)fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistry.get(declKey);
            declDoc = (XSDocumentInfo)fUnparsedAttributeGroupRegistrySub.get(declKey);
            break;
        case ELEMENT_TYPE :
            decl = (Element)fUnparsedElementRegistry.get(declKey);
            declDoc = (XSDocumentInfo)fUnparsedElementRegistrySub.get(declKey);
            break;
        case GROUP_TYPE :
            decl = (Element)fUnparsedGroupRegistry.get(declKey);
            declDoc = (XSDocumentInfo)fUnparsedGroupRegistrySub.get(declKey);
            break;
        case IDENTITYCONSTRAINT_TYPE :
            decl = (Element)fUnparsedIdentityConstraintRegistry.get(declKey);
            declDoc = (XSDocumentInfo)fUnparsedIdentityConstraintRegistrySub.get(declKey);
            break;
        case NOTATION_TYPE :
            decl = (Element)fUnparsedNotationRegistry.get(declKey);
            declDoc = (XSDocumentInfo)fUnparsedNotationRegistrySub.get(declKey);
            break;
        case TYPEDECL_TYPE :
            decl = (Element)fUnparsedTypeRegistry.get(declKey);
            declDoc = (XSDocumentInfo)fUnparsedTypeRegistrySub.get(declKey);
            break;
        default:
            reportSchemaError("Internal-Error", new Object [] {"XSDHandler asked to locate component of type " + declType + "; it does not recognize this type!"}, elmNode);
        }

        // no DOM element found, so the component can't be located
        if (decl == null) {
            if (retObj == null) {
                reportSchemaError("src-resolve", new Object[]{declToTraverse.rawname, COMP_TYPE[declType]}, elmNode);
            }
            return retObj;
        }

        // get the schema doc containing the component to be parsed
        // it should always return non-null value, but since null-checking
        // comes for free, let's be safe and check again
        schemaWithDecl = findXSDocumentForDecl(currSchema, decl, declDoc);
        if (schemaWithDecl == null) {
            // cannot get to this schema from the one containing the requesting decl
            if (retObj == null) {
                String code = declToTraverse.uri == null ? "src-resolve.4.1" : "src-resolve.4.2";
                reportSchemaError(code, new Object[]{fDoc2SystemId.get(currSchema.fSchemaElement), declToTraverse.uri, declToTraverse.rawname}, elmNode);
            }
            return retObj;
        }

        // a component is hidden, meaning either it's traversed, or being traversed.
        // but we didn't find it in the grammar, so it's the latter case, and
        // a circular reference. error!
        if (DOMUtil.isHidden(decl, fHiddenNodes)) {
            if (retObj == null) {
                String code = CIRCULAR_CODES[declType];
                if (declType == TYPEDECL_TYPE) {
                    if (SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE.equals(DOMUtil.getLocalName(decl))) {
                        code = "ct-props-correct.3";
                    }
                }
                // decl must not be null if we're here...
                reportSchemaError(code, new Object [] {declToTraverse.prefix+":"+declToTraverse.localpart}, elmNode);
            }
            return retObj;
        }

        return traverseGlobalDecl(declType, decl, schemaWithDecl, sGrammar);
    } // getGlobalDecl(XSDocumentInfo, int, QName):  Object

    // If we are tolerating duplicate declarations and allowing namespace growth
    // use the declaration from the current schema load (if it exists)
    protected Object getGlobalDecl(String declKey, int declType) {
        Object retObj = null;

        switch (declType) {
        case ATTRIBUTE_TYPE :
            retObj = getGlobalAttributeDecl(declKey);
            break;
        case ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = getGlobalAttributeGroupDecl(declKey);
            break;
        case ELEMENT_TYPE :
            retObj = getGlobalElementDecl(declKey);
            break;
        case GROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = getGlobalGroupDecl(declKey);
            break;
        case IDENTITYCONSTRAINT_TYPE :
            retObj = getIDConstraintDecl(declKey);
            break;
        case NOTATION_TYPE :
            retObj = getGlobalNotationDecl(declKey);
            break;
        case TYPEDECL_TYPE :
            retObj = getGlobalTypeDecl(declKey);
            break;
        }

        return retObj;
    }

    protected Object getGlobalDeclFromGrammar(SchemaGrammar sGrammar, int declType, String localpart) {
        Object retObj = null;

        switch (declType) {
        case ATTRIBUTE_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalAttributeDecl(localpart);
            break;
        case ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalAttributeGroupDecl(localpart);
            break;
        case ELEMENT_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalElementDecl(localpart);
            break;
        case GROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalGroupDecl(localpart);
            break;
        case IDENTITYCONSTRAINT_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getIDConstraintDecl(localpart);
            break;
        case NOTATION_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalNotationDecl(localpart);
            break;
        case TYPEDECL_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalTypeDecl(localpart);
            break;
        }

        return retObj;
    }

    protected Object getGlobalDeclFromGrammar(SchemaGrammar sGrammar, int declType, String localpart, String schemaLoc) {
        Object retObj = null;

        switch (declType) {
        case ATTRIBUTE_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalAttributeDecl(localpart, schemaLoc);
            break;
        case ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalAttributeGroupDecl(localpart, schemaLoc);
            break;
        case ELEMENT_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalElementDecl(localpart, schemaLoc);
            break;
        case GROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalGroupDecl(localpart, schemaLoc);
            break;
        case IDENTITYCONSTRAINT_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getIDConstraintDecl(localpart, schemaLoc);
            break;
        case NOTATION_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalNotationDecl(localpart, schemaLoc);
            break;
        case TYPEDECL_TYPE :
            retObj = sGrammar.getGlobalTypeDecl(localpart, schemaLoc);
            break;
        }

        return retObj;
    }

    protected Object traverseGlobalDecl(int declType, Element decl, XSDocumentInfo schemaDoc, SchemaGrammar grammar) {
        Object retObj = null;

        DOMUtil.setHidden(decl, fHiddenNodes);
        SchemaNamespaceSupport nsSupport = null;
        // if the parent is  use the namespace delcs for it.
        Element parent = DOMUtil.getParent(decl);
        if (DOMUtil.getLocalName(parent).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_REDEFINE))
            nsSupport = (SchemaNamespaceSupport)fRedefine2NSSupport.get(parent);
        // back up the current SchemaNamespaceSupport, because we need to provide
        // a fresh one to the traverseGlobal methods.
        schemaDoc.backupNSSupport(nsSupport);

        // traverse the referenced global component
        switch (declType) {
        case TYPEDECL_TYPE :
            if (DOMUtil.getLocalName(decl).equals(SchemaSymbols.ELT_COMPLEXTYPE)) {
                retObj = fComplexTypeTraverser.traverseGlobal(decl, schemaDoc, grammar);
            }
            else {
                retObj = fSimpleTypeTraverser.traverseGlobal(decl, schemaDoc, grammar);
            }
            break;
        case ATTRIBUTE_TYPE :
            retObj = fAttributeTraverser.traverseGlobal(decl, schemaDoc, grammar);
            break;            
        case ELEMENT_TYPE :
            retObj = fElementTraverser.traverseGlobal(decl, schemaDoc, grammar);
            break;
        case ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = fAttributeGroupTraverser.traverseGlobal(decl, schemaDoc, grammar);
            break;
        case GROUP_TYPE :
            retObj = fGroupTraverser.traverseGlobal(decl, schemaDoc, grammar);
            break;
        case NOTATION_TYPE :
            retObj = fNotationTraverser.traverse(decl, schemaDoc, grammar);
            break;
        case IDENTITYCONSTRAINT_TYPE :
            // identity constraints should have been parsed already...
            // we should never get here
            break;            
        }

        // restore the previous SchemaNamespaceSupport, so that the caller can get
        // proper namespace binding.
        schemaDoc.restoreNSSupport();

        return retObj;
    }

    public String schemaDocument2SystemId(XSDocumentInfo schemaDoc) {
        return (String)fDoc2SystemId.get(schemaDoc.fSchemaElement);
    }
    
    // This method determines whether there is a group
    // (attributeGroup) which the given one has redefined by
    // restriction.  If so, it returns it; else it returns null.
    // @param type:  whether what's been redefined is an
    // attributeGroup or a group;
    // @param name:  the QName of the component doing the redefining.
    // @param currSchema:  schema doc in which the redefining component lives.
    // @return:  Object representing decl redefined if present, null
    // otherwise.
    Object getGrpOrAttrGrpRedefinedByRestriction(int type, QName name, XSDocumentInfo currSchema, Element elmNode) {
        String realName = name.uri != null?name.uri+","+name.localpart:
            ","+name.localpart;
        String nameToFind = null;
        switch (type) {
        case ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE:
            nameToFind = (String)fRedefinedRestrictedAttributeGroupRegistry.get(realName);
            break;
        case GROUP_TYPE:
            nameToFind = (String)fRedefinedRestrictedGroupRegistry.get(realName);
            break;
        default:
            return null;
        }
        if (nameToFind == null) return null;
        int commaPos = nameToFind.indexOf(",");
        QName qNameToFind = new QName(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, nameToFind.substring(commaPos+1),
                nameToFind.substring(commaPos), (commaPos == 0)? null : nameToFind.substring(0, commaPos));
        Object retObj = getGlobalDecl(currSchema, type, qNameToFind, elmNode);
        if(retObj == null) {
            switch (type) {
            case ATTRIBUTEGROUP_TYPE:
                reportSchemaError("src-redefine.7.2.1", new Object []{name.localpart}, elmNode);
                break;
            case GROUP_TYPE:
                reportSchemaError("src-redefine.6.2.1", new Object []{name.localpart}, elmNode);
                break;
            }
            return null;
        }
        return retObj;
    } // getGrpOrAttrGrpRedefinedByRestriction(int, QName, XSDocumentInfo):  Object
    
    // Since ID constraints can occur in local elements, unless we
    // wish to completely traverse all our DOM trees looking for ID
    // constraints while we're building our global name registries,
    // which seems terribly inefficient, we need to resolve keyrefs
    // after all parsing is complete.  This we can simply do by running through
    // fIdentityConstraintRegistry and calling traverseKeyRef on all
    // of the KeyRef nodes.  This unfortunately removes this knowledge
    // from the elementTraverser class (which must ignore keyrefs),
    // but there seems to be no efficient way around this...
    protected void resolveKeyRefs() {
        for (int i=0; i to hidden before traversing it,
            // because it has global scope
           	DOMUtil.setHidden(fKeyrefs[i], fHiddenNodes);
            fKeyrefTraverser.traverse(fKeyrefs[i], fKeyrefElems[i], keyrefSchemaDoc, keyrefGrammar);
        }
    } // end resolveKeyRefs

    //  In xsd 1.1, identity constraint declarations can refer to other identity constraints.
    // Because we do not wish to traverse all our DOM trees looking for ID constraints while
    // we're building our global name registries, we need to resolve identity constraint 
    // referrals after all named identity constraints parsing have been complete.
    protected void resolveIdentityConstraintReferrals() {
        for (int i=0; i




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