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JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java, created by Erich Gamma and Kent Beck.
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package org.junit.experimental.theories;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Assume;
import org.junit.experimental.theories.internal.Assignments;
import org.junit.experimental.theories.internal.ParameterizedAssertionError;
import org.junit.internal.AssumptionViolatedException;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod;
import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
import org.junit.runners.model.TestClass;
/**
* The Theories runner allows to test a certain functionality against a subset of an infinite set of data points.
*
* A Theory is a piece of functionality (a method) that is executed against several data inputs called data points.
* To make a test method a theory you mark it with @Theory. To create a data point you create a public
* field in your test class and mark it with @DataPoint. The Theories runner then executes your test
* method as many times as the number of data points declared, providing a different data point as
* the input argument on each invocation.
*
*
* A Theory differs from standard test method in that it captures some aspect of the intended behavior in possibly
* infinite numbers of scenarios which corresponds to the number of data points declared. Using assumptions and
* assertions properly together with covering multiple scenarios with different data points can make your tests more
* flexible and bring them closer to scientific theories (hence the name).
*
*
* For example:
*
*
* @RunWith(Theories.class)
* public class UserTest {
* @DataPoint
* public static String GOOD_USERNAME = "optimus";
* @DataPoint
* public static String USERNAME_WITH_SLASH = "optimus/prime";
*
* @Theory
* public void filenameIncludesUsername(String username) {
* assumeThat(username, not(containsString("/")));
* assertThat(new User(username).configFileName(), containsString(username));
* }
* }
*
* This makes it clear that the user's filename should be included in the config file name,
* only if it doesn't contain a slash. Another test or theory might define what happens when a username does contain
* a slash. UserTest will attempt to run filenameIncludesUsername on every compatible data
* point defined in the class. If any of the assumptions fail, the data point is silently ignored. If all of the
* assumptions pass, but an assertion fails, the test fails.
*
* Defining general statements as theories allows data point reuse across a bunch of functionality tests and also
* allows automated tools to search for new, unexpected data points that expose bugs.
*
*
* The support for Theories has been absorbed from the Popper project, and more complete documentation can be found
* from that projects archived documentation.
*
*
* @see Archived Popper project documentation
* @see Paper on Theories
*/
public class Theories extends BlockJUnit4ClassRunner {
public Theories(Class klass) throws InitializationError {
super(klass);
}
@Override
protected void collectInitializationErrors(List errors) {
super.collectInitializationErrors(errors);
validateDataPointFields(errors);
validateDataPointMethods(errors);
}
private void validateDataPointFields(List errors) {
Field[] fields = getTestClass().getJavaClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if (field.getAnnotation(DataPoint.class) == null && field.getAnnotation(DataPoints.class) == null) {
continue;
}
if (!Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
errors.add(new Error("DataPoint field " + field.getName() + " must be static"));
}
if (!Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers())) {
errors.add(new Error("DataPoint field " + field.getName() + " must be public"));
}
}
}
private void validateDataPointMethods(List errors) {
Method[] methods = getTestClass().getJavaClass().getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
if (method.getAnnotation(DataPoint.class) == null && method.getAnnotation(DataPoints.class) == null) {
continue;
}
if (!Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
errors.add(new Error("DataPoint method " + method.getName() + " must be static"));
}
if (!Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
errors.add(new Error("DataPoint method " + method.getName() + " must be public"));
}
}
}
@Override
protected void validateConstructor(List errors) {
validateOnlyOneConstructor(errors);
}
@Override
protected void validateTestMethods(List errors) {
for (FrameworkMethod each : computeTestMethods()) {
if (each.getAnnotation(Theory.class) != null) {
each.validatePublicVoid(false, errors);
each.validateNoTypeParametersOnArgs(errors);
} else {
each.validatePublicVoidNoArg(false, errors);
}
for (ParameterSignature signature : ParameterSignature.signatures(each.getMethod())) {
ParametersSuppliedBy annotation = signature.findDeepAnnotation(ParametersSuppliedBy.class);
if (annotation != null) {
validateParameterSupplier(annotation.value(), errors);
}
}
}
}
private void validateParameterSupplier(Class supplierClass, List errors) {
Constructor[] constructors = supplierClass.getConstructors();
if (constructors.length != 1) {
errors.add(new Error("ParameterSupplier " + supplierClass.getName() +
" must have only one constructor (either empty or taking only a TestClass)"));
} else {
Class[] paramTypes = constructors[0].getParameterTypes();
if (!(paramTypes.length == 0) && !paramTypes[0].equals(TestClass.class)) {
errors.add(new Error("ParameterSupplier " + supplierClass.getName() +
" constructor must take either nothing or a single TestClass instance"));
}
}
}
@Override
protected List computeTestMethods() {
List testMethods = new ArrayList(super.computeTestMethods());
List theoryMethods = getTestClass().getAnnotatedMethods(Theory.class);
testMethods.removeAll(theoryMethods);
testMethods.addAll(theoryMethods);
return testMethods;
}
@Override
public Statement methodBlock(final FrameworkMethod method) {
return new TheoryAnchor(method, getTestClass());
}
public static class TheoryAnchor extends Statement {
private int successes = 0;
private final FrameworkMethod testMethod;
private final TestClass testClass;
private List fInvalidParameters = new ArrayList();
public TheoryAnchor(FrameworkMethod testMethod, TestClass testClass) {
this.testMethod = testMethod;
this.testClass = testClass;
}
private TestClass getTestClass() {
return testClass;
}
@Override
public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
runWithAssignment(Assignments.allUnassigned(
testMethod.getMethod(), getTestClass()));
//if this test method is not annotated with Theory, then no successes is a valid case
boolean hasTheoryAnnotation = testMethod.getAnnotation(Theory.class) != null;
if (successes == 0 && hasTheoryAnnotation) {
Assert
.fail("Never found parameters that satisfied method assumptions. Violated assumptions: "
+ fInvalidParameters);
}
}
protected void runWithAssignment(Assignments parameterAssignment)
throws Throwable {
if (!parameterAssignment.isComplete()) {
runWithIncompleteAssignment(parameterAssignment);
} else {
runWithCompleteAssignment(parameterAssignment);
}
}
protected void runWithIncompleteAssignment(Assignments incomplete)
throws Throwable {
for (PotentialAssignment source : incomplete
.potentialsForNextUnassigned()) {
runWithAssignment(incomplete.assignNext(source));
}
}
protected void runWithCompleteAssignment(final Assignments complete)
throws Throwable {
new BlockJUnit4ClassRunner(getTestClass().getJavaClass()) {
@Override
protected void collectInitializationErrors(
List errors) {
// do nothing
}
@Override
public Statement methodBlock(FrameworkMethod method) {
final Statement statement = super.methodBlock(method);
return new Statement() {
@Override
public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
try {
statement.evaluate();
handleDataPointSuccess();
} catch (AssumptionViolatedException e) {
handleAssumptionViolation(e);
} catch (Throwable e) {
reportParameterizedError(e, complete
.getArgumentStrings(nullsOk()));
}
}
};
}
@Override
protected Statement methodInvoker(FrameworkMethod method, Object test) {
return methodCompletesWithParameters(method, complete, test);
}
@Override
public Object createTest() throws Exception {
Object[] params = complete.getConstructorArguments();
if (!nullsOk()) {
Assume.assumeNotNull(params);
}
return getTestClass().getOnlyConstructor().newInstance(params);
}
}.methodBlock(testMethod).evaluate();
}
private Statement methodCompletesWithParameters(
final FrameworkMethod method, final Assignments complete, final Object freshInstance) {
return new Statement() {
@Override
public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
final Object[] values = complete.getMethodArguments();
if (!nullsOk()) {
Assume.assumeNotNull(values);
}
method.invokeExplosively(freshInstance, values);
}
};
}
protected void handleAssumptionViolation(AssumptionViolatedException e) {
fInvalidParameters.add(e);
}
protected void reportParameterizedError(Throwable e, Object... params)
throws Throwable {
if (params.length == 0) {
throw e;
}
throw new ParameterizedAssertionError(e, testMethod.getName(),
params);
}
private boolean nullsOk() {
Theory annotation = testMethod.getMethod().getAnnotation(
Theory.class);
if (annotation == null) {
return false;
}
return annotation.nullsAccepted();
}
protected void handleDataPointSuccess() {
successes++;
}
}
}