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/*
* #%L
* nom.tam FITS library
* %%
* Copyright (C) 2004 - 2024 nom-tam-fits
* %%
* This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
*
* Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
* distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
* binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
* means.
*
* In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
* of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
* software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
* of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
* successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
* relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
* software under copyright law.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
* OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
* ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
* OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
* #L%
*/
package nom.tam.util;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.Flushable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
/**
* Basic file input/output with efficient internal buffering.
*
* @author Attila Kovacs
*
* @since 1.16
*/
class BufferedFileIO implements InputReader, OutputWriter, Flushable, Closeable {
/** Bit mask for a single byte */
protected static final int BYTE_MASK = 0xFF;
/** The underlying unbuffered random access file IO */
private final RandomAccessFileIO file;
/** The file position at which the buffer begins */
private long startOfBuf;
/** The buffer */
private final byte[] buf;
/** Pointer to the next byte to read/write */
private int offset;
/** The last legal element in the buffer */
private int end;
/** Whether the buffer has been modified locally, so it needs to be written back to stream before discarding. */
private boolean isModified;
/** Whether the current position is beyond the current ennd-of-file */
private boolean writeAhead;
/**
* Instantiates a new buffered random access file with the specified IO mode and buffer size. This class offers up
* to 2+ orders of magnitude superior performance over {@link RandomAccessFile} when repeatedly reading or writing
* chunks of data at consecutive locations
*
* @param f the file
* @param mode the access mode, such as "rw" (see {@link RandomAccessFile} for more info).
* @param bufferSize the size of the buffer in bytes
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error getting the required access to the file.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
BufferedFileIO(File f, String mode, int bufferSize) throws IOException {
this(new RandomFileIO(f, mode), bufferSize);
}
/**
* Instantiates a new buffered random access file with the provided RandomAccessFileIO and buffer size. This allows
* implementors to provide alternate RandomAccessFile-like implementations, such as network accessed (byte range
* request) files.
*
* @param f the RandomAccessFileIO implementation
* @param bufferSize the size of the buffer in bytes
*/
BufferedFileIO(RandomAccessFileIO f, int bufferSize) {
file = f;
buf = new byte[bufferSize];
startOfBuf = 0;
offset = 0;
end = 0;
isModified = false;
writeAhead = false;
}
/**
* Sets a new position in the file for subsequent reading or writing.
*
* @param newPos the new byte offset from the beginning of the file. It may be beyond the current end of the
* file, for example for writing more data after some 'gap'.
*
* @throws IOException if the position is negative or cannot be set.
*/
public final synchronized void seek(long newPos) throws IOException {
// Check that the new position is valid
if (newPos < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("seek at " + newPos);
}
if (newPos <= startOfBuf + end) {
// AK: Do not invoke checking length (costly) if not necessary
writeAhead = false;
} else {
writeAhead = newPos > length();
}
if (newPos < startOfBuf || newPos >= startOfBuf + end) {
// The new position is outside the currently buffered region.
// Write the current buffer back to the stream, and start anew.
flush();
// We'll start buffering at the new position next.
startOfBuf = newPos;
end = 0;
}
// Position within the new buffer...
offset = (int) (newPos - startOfBuf);
matchBufferPos();
}
/**
* Get the channel associated with this file. Note that this returns the channel of the associated RandomAccessFile.
* Note that since the BufferedFile buffers the I/O's to the underlying file, the offset of the channel may be
* different from the offset of the BufferedFile. This is different for a RandomAccessFile where the offsets are
* guaranteed to be the same.
*
* @return the file channel
*/
public final FileChannel getChannel() {
return file.getChannel();
}
/**
* Get the file descriptor associated with this stream. Note that this returns the file descriptor of the associated
* RandomAccessFile.
*
* @return the file descriptor
*
* @throws IOException if the descriptor could not be accessed.
*/
public final FileDescriptor getFD() throws IOException {
return file.getFD();
}
/**
* Gets the current read/write position in the file.
*
* @return the current byte offset from the beginning of the file.
*/
public final synchronized long getFilePointer() {
return startOfBuf + offset;
}
/**
* Returns the number of bytes that can still be read from the file before the end is reached.
*
* @return the number of bytes left to read.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error.
*/
private synchronized long getRemaining() throws IOException {
long n = file.length() - getFilePointer();
return n > 0 ? n : 0L;
}
/**
* Checks if there is more that can be read from this file. If so, it ensures that the next byte is buffered.
*
* @return true if there is more that can be read from the file (and from the buffer!), or
* else false.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error accessing the file.
*/
private synchronized boolean makeAvailable() throws IOException {
if (offset < end) {
return true;
}
if (getRemaining() <= 0) {
return false;
}
// Buffer as much as we can.
seek(getFilePointer());
end = file.read(buf, 0, buf.length);
return end > 0;
}
/**
* Checks if there are the required number of bytes available to read from this file.
*
* @param need the number of bytes we need.
*
* @return true if the needed number of bytes can be read from the file or else
* false.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error accessing the file.
*/
public final synchronized boolean hasAvailable(int need) throws IOException {
if (end >= offset + need) {
return true;
}
return file.length() >= getFilePointer() + need;
}
/**
* Returns the current length of the file.
*
* @return the current length of the file.
*
* @throws IOException if the operation failed
*/
public final synchronized long length() throws IOException {
// It's either the file's length or that of the end of the (yet) unsynched buffer...
if (end > 0) {
return Math.max(file.length(), startOfBuf + end);
}
return file.length();
}
/**
* Sets the length of the file. This method calls the method of the same name in {@link RandomAccessFileIO}.
*
* @param newLength The number of bytes at which the file is set.
*
* @throws IOException if the resizing of the underlying stream fails
*/
public synchronized void setLength(long newLength) throws IOException {
// Check if we can change the length inside the current buffer.
final long bufEnd = startOfBuf + end;
if (newLength >= startOfBuf && newLength < bufEnd) {
// If truncated in the buffered region, then truncate the buffer also...
end = (int) (newLength - startOfBuf);
} else {
flush();
end = 0;
}
if (getFilePointer() > newLength) {
seek(newLength);
}
// Change the length of the file itself...
file.setLength(newLength);
}
/**
* Positions the file pointer to match the current buffer pointer.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error
*/
private synchronized void matchBufferPos() throws IOException {
file.position(getFilePointer());
}
/**
* Positions the buffer pointer to match the current file pointer.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error
*/
private synchronized void matchFilePos() throws IOException {
seek(file.position());
}
@Override
public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
flush();
file.close();
startOfBuf = 0;
offset = 0;
end = 0;
}
/**
* Moves the buffer to the current read/write position.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error writing the prior data back to the file.
*/
private synchronized void moveBuffer() throws IOException {
seek(getFilePointer());
}
@Override
public synchronized void flush() throws IOException {
if (!isModified) {
return;
}
// the buffer was modified locally, so we need to write it back to the stream
if (end > 0) {
file.position(startOfBuf);
file.write(buf, 0, end);
}
isModified = false;
}
@Override
public final synchronized void write(int b) throws IOException {
if (writeAhead) {
setLength(getFilePointer());
}
if (offset >= buf.length) {
// The buffer is full, it's time to write it back to stream, and start anew
moveBuffer();
}
isModified = true;
buf[offset++] = (byte) b;
if (offset > end) {
// We are writing at the end of the file, and we need to grow the buffer with the file...
end = offset;
}
}
@Override
public final synchronized int read() throws IOException {
if (!makeAvailable()) {
// By contract of read(), it returns -1 at th end of file.
return -1;
}
// Return the unsigned(!) byte.
return buf[offset++] & BYTE_MASK;
}
@Override
public final synchronized void write(byte[] b, int from, int len) throws IOException {
if (len <= 0) {
return;
}
if (writeAhead) {
setLength(getFilePointer());
}
if (len > 2 * buf.length) {
// Large direct write...
matchBufferPos();
file.write(b, from, len);
matchFilePos();
return;
}
while (len > 0) {
if (offset >= buf.length) {
// The buffer is full, it's time to write it back to stream, and start anew.
moveBuffer();
}
isModified = true;
int n = Math.min(len, buf.length - offset);
System.arraycopy(b, from, buf, offset, n);
offset += n;
from += n;
len -= n;
if (offset > end) {
// We are growing the file, so grow the buffer also...
end = offset;
}
}
}
@Override
public final synchronized int read(byte[] b, int from, int len) throws IOException {
if (len <= 0) {
// Nothing to do.
return 0;
}
if (len > 2 * buf.length) {
// Large direct read...
matchBufferPos();
int l = file.read(b, from, len);
matchFilePos();
return l;
}
int got = 0;
while (got < len) {
if (!makeAvailable()) {
return got > 0 ? got : -1;
}
int n = Math.min(len - got, end - offset);
System.arraycopy(buf, offset, b, from, n);
got += n;
offset += n;
from += n;
}
return got;
}
/**
* Reads bytes to completely fill the supplied buffer. If not enough bytes are avaialable in the file to fully fill
* the buffer, an {@link EOFException} will be thrown.
*
* @param b the buffer
*
* @throws EOFException if already at the end of file.
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error before the buffer could be fully populated.
*/
public final synchronized void readFully(byte[] b) throws EOFException, IOException {
readFully(b, 0, b.length);
}
/**
* Reads bytes to fill the supplied buffer with the requested number of bytes from the given starting buffer index.
* If not enough bytes are avaialable in the file to deliver the reqauested number of bytes the buffer, an
* {@link EOFException} will be thrown.
*
* @param b the buffer
* @param off the buffer index at which to start reading data
* @param len the total number of bytes to read.
*
* @throws EOFException if already at the end of file.
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error before the requested number of bytes could all be read.
*/
public synchronized void readFully(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws EOFException, IOException {
while (len > 0) {
int n = read(b, off, len);
if (n < 0) {
throw new EOFException();
}
off += n;
len -= n;
}
}
/**
* Same as {@link RandomAccessFile#readUTF()}.
*
* @return a string
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error while reading from the file.
*/
public final synchronized String readUTF() throws IOException {
matchBufferPos();
String s = file.readUTF();
matchFilePos();
return s;
}
/**
* Same as {@link RandomAccessFile#writeUTF(String)}
*
* @param s a string
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error while writing to the file.
*/
public final synchronized void writeUTF(String s) throws IOException {
matchBufferPos();
file.writeUTF(s);
matchFilePos();
}
/**
* Moves the file pointer by a number of bytes from its current position.
*
* @param n the number of byter to move. Negative values are allowed and result in moving the pointer
* backward.
*
* @return the actual number of bytes that the pointer moved, which may be fewer than requested if the
* file boundary was reached.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error.
*/
public final synchronized long skip(long n) throws IOException {
if (offset + n >= 0 && offset + n <= end) {
// Skip within the buffered region...
offset = (int) (offset + n);
return n;
}
long pos = getFilePointer();
n = Math.max(n, -pos);
seek(pos + n);
return n;
}
/**
* Read as many bytes into a byte array as possible. The number of bytes read may be fewer than the size of the
* array, for example because the end-of-file is reached during the read.
*
* @param b the byte buffer to fill with data from the file.
*
* @return the number of bytes actually read.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error while reading, other than the end-of-file.
*/
public final synchronized int read(byte[] b) throws IOException {
return read(b, 0, b.length);
}
/**
* Writes the contents of a byte array into the file.
*
* @param b the byte buffer to write into the file.
*
* @throws IOException if there was an IO error while writing to the file...
*/
public final synchronized void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
write(b, 0, b.length);
}
/**
* Default implementation of the RandomAccessFileIO interface.
*/
static final class RandomFileIO extends RandomAccessFile implements RandomAccessFileIO {
RandomFileIO(File file, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException {
super(file, mode);
}
@Override
public long position() throws IOException {
return super.getFilePointer();
}
@Override
public void position(long n) throws IOException {
super.seek(n);
}
}
}
