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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.masking;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.DatabaseDescriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.AssignmentTestable;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.CQL3Type;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.ColumnIdentifier;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.CqlBuilder;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Term;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Terms;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.Arguments;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.Function;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.FunctionName;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.FunctionResolver;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.ScalarFunction;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ReversedType;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
import org.apache.cassandra.transport.ProtocolVersion;
import static java.lang.String.format;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.RequestValidations.invalidRequest;
/**
* Dynamic data mask that can be applied to a schema column.
*
* It consists on a partial application of a certain {@link MaskingFunction} to the values of a column, with the
* precondition that the type of any masked column is compatible with the type of the first argument of the function.
*
* This partial application is meant to be associated to specific columns in the schema, acting as a mask for the values
* of those columns. It's associated to queries such as:
*
* CREATE TABLE t (k int PRIMARY KEY, v int MASKED WITH mask_inner(1, 1));
* ALTER TABLE t ALTER v MASKED WITH mask_inner(2, 1);
* ALTER TABLE t ALTER v DROP MASKED;
*
* Note that in the example above we are referencing the {@code mask_inner} function with two arguments. However, that
* CQL function actually has three arguments. The first argument is always ommitted when attaching the function to a
* schema column. The value of that first argument is always the value of the masked column, in this case an int.
*/
public class ColumnMask
{
public static final String DISABLED_ERROR_MESSAGE = "Cannot mask columns because dynamic data masking is not " +
"enabled. You can enable it with the " +
"dynamic_data_masking_enabled property on cassandra.yaml";
/** The CQL function used for masking. */
public final ScalarFunction function;
/** The values of the arguments of the partially applied masking function. */
protected final ByteBuffer[] partialArgumentValues;
public ColumnMask(ScalarFunction function, ByteBuffer... partialArgumentValues)
{
assert function.argTypes().size() == partialArgumentValues.length + 1;
this.function = function;
this.partialArgumentValues = partialArgumentValues;
}
/**
* @return The types of the arguments of the partially applied masking function, as an unmodifiable list.
*/
public List> partialArgumentTypes()
{
List> argTypes = function.argTypes();
return argTypes.size() == 1
? Collections.emptyList()
: Collections.unmodifiableList(argTypes.subList(1, argTypes.size()));
}
/**
* @return The values of the arguments of the partially applied masking function, as an unmodifiable list that can
* contain nulls.
*/
public List partialArgumentValues()
{
return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(partialArgumentValues));
}
/**
* @return A copy of this mask for a version of its masked column that has its type reversed.
*/
public ColumnMask withReversedType()
{
AbstractType reversed = ReversedType.getInstance(function.argTypes().get(0));
List> args = ImmutableList.>builder()
.add(reversed)
.addAll(partialArgumentTypes())
.build();
Function newFunction = FunctionResolver.get(function.name().keyspace, function.name(), args, null, null, null);
assert newFunction != null;
return new ColumnMask((ScalarFunction) newFunction, partialArgumentValues);
}
/**
* @param version the used version of the transport protocol
* @return a masker instance that caches the terminal masking function arguments
*/
public Masker masker(ProtocolVersion version)
{
return new Masker(version, function, partialArgumentValues);
}
public static class Masker
{
private final ScalarFunction function;
private final Arguments arguments;
private Masker(ProtocolVersion version, ScalarFunction function, ByteBuffer[] partialArgumentValues)
{
this.function = function;
arguments = function.newArguments(version);
for (int i = 0; i < partialArgumentValues.length; i++)
arguments.set(i + 1, partialArgumentValues[i]);
}
public ByteBuffer mask(ByteBuffer value)
{
arguments.set(0, value);
return function.execute(arguments);
}
}
public static void ensureEnabled()
{
if (!DatabaseDescriptor.getDynamicDataMaskingEnabled())
throw new InvalidRequestException(DISABLED_ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o)
{
if (this == o)
return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
return false;
ColumnMask mask = (ColumnMask) o;
return function.name().equals(mask.function.name())
&& Arrays.equals(partialArgumentValues, mask.partialArgumentValues);
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
return Objects.hash(function.name(), Arrays.hashCode(partialArgumentValues));
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
List> types = partialArgumentTypes();
List arguments = new ArrayList<>(types.size());
for (int i = 0; i < types.size(); i++)
{
CQL3Type type = types.get(i).asCQL3Type();
ByteBuffer value = partialArgumentValues[i];
arguments.add(type.toCQLLiteral(value));
}
return format("%s(%s)", function.name(), StringUtils.join(arguments, ", "));
}
public void appendCqlTo(CqlBuilder builder)
{
builder.append(" MASKED WITH ").append(toString());
}
/**
* A parsed but not prepared column mask.
*/
public final static class Raw
{
public final FunctionName name;
public final List rawPartialArguments;
public Raw(FunctionName name, List rawPartialArguments)
{
this.name = name;
this.rawPartialArguments = rawPartialArguments;
}
public ColumnMask prepare(String keyspace, String table, ColumnIdentifier column, AbstractType type)
{
ScalarFunction function = findMaskingFunction(keyspace, table, column, type);
ByteBuffer[] partialArguments = preparePartialArguments(keyspace, function);
return new ColumnMask(function, partialArguments);
}
private ScalarFunction findMaskingFunction(String keyspace, String table, ColumnIdentifier column, AbstractType type)
{
List args = new ArrayList<>(rawPartialArguments.size() + 1);
args.add(type);
args.addAll(rawPartialArguments);
Function function = FunctionResolver.get(keyspace, name, args, keyspace, table, type);
if (function == null)
throw invalidRequest("Unable to find masking function for %s, " +
"no declared function matches the signature %s",
column, this);
if (function.isAggregate())
throw invalidRequest("Aggregate function %s cannot be used for masking table columns", this);
if (function.isNative() && !(function instanceof MaskingFunction))
throw invalidRequest("Not-masking function %s cannot be used for masking table columns", this);
if (!function.isNative() && !function.name().keyspace.equals(keyspace))
throw invalidRequest("Masking function %s doesn't belong to the same keyspace as the table %s.%s",
this, keyspace, table);
CQL3Type returnType = function.returnType().asCQL3Type();
CQL3Type expectedType = type.asCQL3Type();
if (!returnType.equals(expectedType))
throw invalidRequest("Masking function %s return type is %s. " +
"This is different to the type of the masked column %s of type %s. " +
"Masking functions can only be attached to table columns " +
"if they return the same data type as the masked column.",
this, returnType, column, expectedType);
return (ScalarFunction) function;
}
private ByteBuffer[] preparePartialArguments(String keyspace, ScalarFunction function)
{
// Note that there could be null arguments
ByteBuffer[] arguments = new ByteBuffer[rawPartialArguments.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < rawPartialArguments.size(); i++)
{
String term = rawPartialArguments.get(i).toString();
AbstractType type = function.argTypes().get(i + 1);
arguments[i] = Terms.asBytes(keyspace, term, type);
}
return arguments;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return format("%s(%s)", name, StringUtils.join(rawPartialArguments, ", "));
}
}
}