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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.db;
import java.io.IOError;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.FileStore;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Spliterator;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
import java.util.function.BiPredicate;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.DatabaseDescriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.lifecycle.LifecycleTransaction;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSDiskFullWriteError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSNoDiskAvailableForWriteError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSReadError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSWriteError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.Component;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.Descriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.SSTable;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.SSTableId;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.SSTableIdFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.File;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.FileStoreUtils;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.FileUtils;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.PathUtils;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.SchemaConstants;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.snapshot.SnapshotManifest;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.snapshot.TableSnapshot;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.DirectorySizeCalculator;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.JVMStabilityInspector;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Pair;
/**
* Encapsulate handling of paths to the data files.
*
* {@code
* //ks//ks-cf1-jb-1-Data.db
* //la-2-Data.db
* //./ks-cf1.idx-jb-1-Data.db
* //./la-1-Data.db
* ...
* }
*
* Until v2.0, {@code } is just column family name.
* Since v2.1, {@code } has column family ID(tableId) added to its end.
*
* SSTables from secondary indexes were put in the same directory as their parent.
* Since v2.2, they have their own directory under the parent directory whose name is index name.
* Upon startup, those secondary index files are moved to new directory when upgrading.
*
* For backward compatibility, Directories can use directory without tableId if exists.
*
* In addition, more that one 'root' data directory can be specified so that
* {@code } potentially represents multiple locations.
* Note that in the case of multiple locations, the manifest for the leveled
* compaction is only in one of the location.
*
* Snapshots (resp. backups) are always created along the sstables there are
* snapshotted (resp. backuped) but inside a subdirectory named 'snapshots'
* (resp. backups) (and snapshots are further inside a subdirectory of the name
* of the snapshot). For secondary indexes, snapshots (backups) are not created in
* their own directory, but are in their parent's snapshot (backup) directory.
*
* This class abstracts all those details from the rest of the code.
*/
public class Directories
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Directories.class);
public static final String BACKUPS_SUBDIR = "backups";
public static final String SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR = "snapshots";
public static final String TMP_SUBDIR = "tmp";
public static final String SECONDARY_INDEX_NAME_SEPARATOR = ".";
/**
* The directories used to store keyspaces data.
*/
public static final DataDirectories dataDirectories = new DataDirectories(DatabaseDescriptor.getNonLocalSystemKeyspacesDataFileLocations(),
DatabaseDescriptor.getLocalSystemKeyspacesDataFileLocations());
/**
* Checks whether Cassandra has RWX permissions to the specified directory. Logs an error with
* the details if it does not.
*
* @param dir File object of the directory.
* @param dataDir String representation of the directory's location
* @return status representing Cassandra's RWX permissions to the supplied folder location.
*/
public static boolean verifyFullPermissions(File dir, String dataDir)
{
if (!dir.isDirectory())
{
logger.error("Not a directory {}", dataDir);
return false;
}
else if (!FileAction.hasPrivilege(dir, FileAction.X))
{
logger.error("Doesn't have execute permissions for {} directory", dataDir);
return false;
}
else if (!FileAction.hasPrivilege(dir, FileAction.R))
{
logger.error("Doesn't have read permissions for {} directory", dataDir);
return false;
}
else if (dir.exists() && !FileAction.hasPrivilege(dir, FileAction.W))
{
logger.error("Doesn't have write permissions for {} directory", dataDir);
return false;
}
return true;
}
public enum FileAction
{
X, W, XW, R, XR, RW, XRW;
FileAction()
{
}
public static boolean hasPrivilege(File file, FileAction action)
{
boolean privilege = false;
switch (action)
{
case X:
privilege = file.isExecutable();
break;
case W:
privilege = file.isWritable();
break;
case XW:
privilege = file.isExecutable() && file.isWritable();
break;
case R:
privilege = file.isReadable();
break;
case XR:
privilege = file.isExecutable() && file.isReadable();
break;
case RW:
privilege = file.isReadable() && file.isWritable();
break;
case XRW:
privilege = file.isExecutable() && file.isReadable() && file.isWritable();
break;
}
return privilege;
}
}
private final TableMetadata metadata;
private final DataDirectory[] paths;
private final File[] dataPaths;
private final ImmutableMap canonicalPathToDD;
public Directories(final TableMetadata metadata)
{
this(metadata, dataDirectories.getDataDirectoriesFor(metadata));
}
public Directories(final TableMetadata metadata, Collection paths)
{
this(metadata, paths.toArray(new DataDirectory[paths.size()]));
}
/**
* Create Directories of given ColumnFamily.
* SSTable directories are created under data_directories defined in cassandra.yaml if not exist at this time.
*
* @param metadata metadata of ColumnFamily
*/
public Directories(final TableMetadata metadata, DataDirectory[] paths)
{
this.metadata = metadata;
this.paths = paths;
ImmutableMap.Builder canonicalPathsBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
String tableId = metadata.id.toHexString();
int idx = metadata.name.indexOf(SECONDARY_INDEX_NAME_SEPARATOR);
String cfName = idx >= 0 ? metadata.name.substring(0, idx) : metadata.name;
String indexNameWithDot = idx >= 0 ? metadata.name.substring(idx) : null;
this.dataPaths = new File[paths.length];
// If upgraded from version less than 2.1, use existing directories
String oldSSTableRelativePath = join(metadata.keyspace, cfName);
for (int i = 0; i < paths.length; ++i)
{
// check if old SSTable directory exists
File dataPath = new File(paths[i].location, oldSSTableRelativePath);
dataPaths[i] = dataPath;
canonicalPathsBuilder.put(dataPath.toCanonical().toPath(), paths[i]);
}
boolean olderDirectoryExists = Iterables.any(Arrays.asList(dataPaths), File::exists);
if (!olderDirectoryExists)
{
canonicalPathsBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
// use 2.1+ style
String newSSTableRelativePath = join(metadata.keyspace, cfName + '-' + tableId);
for (int i = 0; i < paths.length; ++i)
{
File dataPath = new File(paths[i].location, newSSTableRelativePath);
dataPaths[i] = dataPath;
canonicalPathsBuilder.put(dataPath.toCanonical().toPath(), paths[i]);
}
}
// if index, then move to its own directory
if (indexNameWithDot != null)
{
canonicalPathsBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
for (int i = 0; i < paths.length; ++i)
{
File dataPath = new File(dataPaths[i], indexNameWithDot);
dataPaths[i] = dataPath;
canonicalPathsBuilder.put(dataPath.toCanonical().toPath(), paths[i]);
}
}
for (File dir : dataPaths)
{
try
{
FileUtils.createDirectory(dir);
}
catch (FSError e)
{
// don't just let the default exception handler do this, we need the create loop to continue
logger.error("Failed to create {} directory", dir);
JVMStabilityInspector.inspectThrowable(e);
}
}
// if index, move existing older versioned SSTable files to new directory
if (indexNameWithDot != null)
{
for (File dataPath : dataPaths)
{
File[] indexFiles = dataPath.parent().tryList(file -> {
if (file.isDirectory())
return false;
Descriptor desc = SSTable.tryDescriptorFromFile(file);
return desc != null && desc.ksname.equals(metadata.keyspace) && desc.cfname.equals(metadata.name);
});
for (File indexFile : indexFiles)
{
File destFile = new File(dataPath, indexFile.name());
logger.trace("Moving index file {} to {}", indexFile, destFile);
FileUtils.renameWithConfirm(indexFile, destFile);
}
}
}
canonicalPathToDD = canonicalPathsBuilder.build();
}
/**
* Returns SSTable location which is inside given data directory.
*
* @param dataDirectory
* @return SSTable location
*/
public File getLocationForDisk(DataDirectory dataDirectory)
{
if (dataDirectory != null)
for (File dir : dataPaths)
{
// Note that we must compare absolute paths (not canonical) here since keyspace directories might be symlinks
Path dirPath = dir.toAbsolute().toPath();
Path locationPath = dataDirectory.location.toAbsolute().toPath();
if (dirPath.startsWith(locationPath))
return dir;
}
return null;
}
public DataDirectory getDataDirectoryForFile(Descriptor descriptor)
{
if (descriptor != null)
return canonicalPathToDD.get(descriptor.directory.toPath());
return null;
}
public Descriptor find(String filename)
{
for (File dir : dataPaths)
{
File file = new File(dir, filename);
if (file.exists())
return Descriptor.fromFileWithComponent(file, false).left;
}
return null;
}
/**
* Basically the same as calling {@link #getWriteableLocationAsFile(long)} with an unknown size ({@code -1L}),
* which may return any allowed directory - even a data directory that has no usable space.
* Do not use this method in production code.
*
* @throws FSWriteError if all directories are disallowed.
*/
public File getDirectoryForNewSSTables()
{
return getWriteableLocationAsFile(-1L);
}
/**
* Returns an allowed directory that _currently_ has {@code writeSize} bytes as usable space.
*
* @throws FSWriteError if all directories are disallowed.
*/
public File getWriteableLocationAsFile(long writeSize)
{
File location = getLocationForDisk(getWriteableLocation(writeSize));
if (location == null)
throw new FSWriteError(new IOException("No configured data directory contains enough space to write " + writeSize + " bytes"), "");
return location;
}
/**
* Returns a data directory to load the file {@code sourceFile}. If the sourceFile is on same disk partition as any
* data directory then use that one as data directory otherwise use {@link #getWriteableLocationAsFile(long)} to
* find suitable data directory.
*
* Also makes sure returned directory is not disallowed.
*
* @throws FSWriteError if all directories are disallowed.
*/
public File getWriteableLocationToLoadFile(final File sourceFile)
{
try
{
final FileStore srcFileStore = Files.getFileStore(sourceFile.toPath());
for (final File dataPath : dataPaths)
{
if (DisallowedDirectories.isUnwritable(dataPath))
{
continue;
}
if (Files.getFileStore(dataPath.toPath()).equals(srcFileStore))
{
return dataPath;
}
}
}
catch (final IOException e)
{
// pass exceptions in finding filestore. This is best effort anyway. Fall back on getWriteableLocationAsFile()
}
return getWriteableLocationAsFile(sourceFile.length());
}
/**
* Returns a temporary subdirectory on allowed data directory
* that _currently_ has {@code writeSize} bytes as usable space.
* This method does not create the temporary directory.
*
* @throws IOError if all directories are disallowed.
*/
public File getTemporaryWriteableDirectoryAsFile(long writeSize)
{
File location = getLocationForDisk(getWriteableLocation(writeSize));
if (location == null)
return null;
return new File(location, TMP_SUBDIR);
}
public void removeTemporaryDirectories()
{
for (File dataDir : dataPaths)
{
File tmpDir = new File(dataDir, TMP_SUBDIR);
if (tmpDir.exists())
{
logger.debug("Removing temporary directory {}", tmpDir);
FileUtils.deleteRecursive(tmpDir);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns an allowed data directory that _currently_ has {@code writeSize} bytes as usable space.
*
* @throws FSWriteError if all directories are disallowed.
*/
public DataDirectory getWriteableLocation(long writeSize)
{
List candidates = new ArrayList<>();
long totalAvailable = 0L;
// pick directories with enough space and so that resulting sstable dirs aren't disallowed for writes.
boolean tooBig = false;
for (DataDirectory dataDir : paths)
{
if (DisallowedDirectories.isUnwritable(getLocationForDisk(dataDir)))
{
logger.trace("removing disallowed candidate {}", dataDir.location);
continue;
}
DataDirectoryCandidate candidate = new DataDirectoryCandidate(dataDir);
// exclude directory if its total writeSize does not fit to data directory
if (candidate.availableSpace < writeSize)
{
logger.trace("removing candidate {}, usable={}, requested={}", candidate.dataDirectory.location, candidate.availableSpace, writeSize);
tooBig = true;
continue;
}
candidates.add(candidate);
totalAvailable += candidate.availableSpace;
}
if (candidates.isEmpty())
{
if (tooBig)
throw new FSDiskFullWriteError(metadata.keyspace, writeSize);
throw new FSNoDiskAvailableForWriteError(metadata.keyspace);
}
// shortcut for single data directory systems
if (candidates.size() == 1)
return candidates.get(0).dataDirectory;
sortWriteableCandidates(candidates, totalAvailable);
return pickWriteableDirectory(candidates);
}
// separated for unit testing
static DataDirectory pickWriteableDirectory(List candidates)
{
// weighted random
double rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextDouble();
for (DataDirectoryCandidate candidate : candidates)
{
rnd -= candidate.perc;
if (rnd <= 0)
return candidate.dataDirectory;
}
// last resort
return candidates.get(0).dataDirectory;
}
// separated for unit testing
static void sortWriteableCandidates(List candidates, long totalAvailable)
{
// calculate free-space-percentage
for (DataDirectoryCandidate candidate : candidates)
candidate.calcFreePerc(totalAvailable);
// sort directories by perc
Collections.sort(candidates);
}
/**
* Sums up the space required for ongoing streams + compactions + expected new write size per FileStore and checks
* if there is enough space available.
*
* @param expectedNewWriteSizes where we expect to write the new compactions
* @param totalCompactionWriteRemaining approximate amount of data current compactions are writing - keyed by
* the file store they are writing to (or, reading from actually, but since
* CASSANDRA-6696 we expect compactions to read and written from the same dir)
* @return true if we expect to be able to write expectedNewWriteSizes to the available file stores
*/
public boolean hasDiskSpaceForCompactionsAndStreams(Map expectedNewWriteSizes,
Map totalCompactionWriteRemaining)
{
return hasDiskSpaceForCompactionsAndStreams(expectedNewWriteSizes, totalCompactionWriteRemaining, Directories::getFileStore);
}
@VisibleForTesting
public static boolean hasDiskSpaceForCompactionsAndStreams(Map expectedNewWriteSizes,
Map totalCompactionWriteRemaining,
Function filestoreMapper)
{
Map newWriteSizesPerFileStore = perFileStore(expectedNewWriteSizes, filestoreMapper);
Map compactionsRemainingPerFileStore = perFileStore(totalCompactionWriteRemaining, filestoreMapper);
Map totalPerFileStore = new HashMap<>();
for (Map.Entry entry : newWriteSizesPerFileStore.entrySet())
{
long addedForFilestore = entry.getValue() + compactionsRemainingPerFileStore.getOrDefault(entry.getKey(), 0L);
totalPerFileStore.merge(entry.getKey(), addedForFilestore, Long::sum);
}
return hasDiskSpaceForCompactionsAndStreams(totalPerFileStore);
}
/**
* Checks if there is enough space on all file stores to write the given amount of data.
* The data to write should be the total amount, ongoing writes + new writes.
*/
public static boolean hasDiskSpaceForCompactionsAndStreams(Map totalToWrite)
{
boolean hasSpace = true;
for (Map.Entry toWrite : totalToWrite.entrySet())
{
long availableForCompaction = getAvailableSpaceForCompactions(toWrite.getKey());
logger.debug("FileStore {} has {} bytes available, checking if we can write {} bytes", toWrite.getKey(), availableForCompaction, toWrite.getValue());
if (availableForCompaction < toWrite.getValue())
{
logger.warn("FileStore {} has only {} available, but {} is needed",
toWrite.getKey(),
FileUtils.stringifyFileSize(availableForCompaction),
FileUtils.stringifyFileSize((long) toWrite.getValue()));
hasSpace = false;
}
}
return hasSpace;
}
public static long getAvailableSpaceForCompactions(FileStore fileStore)
{
long availableSpace = 0;
availableSpace = FileStoreUtils.tryGetSpace(fileStore, FileStore::getUsableSpace, e -> { throw new FSReadError(e, fileStore.name()); })
- DatabaseDescriptor.getMinFreeSpacePerDriveInBytes();
return Math.max(0L, Math.round(availableSpace * DatabaseDescriptor.getMaxSpaceForCompactionsPerDrive()));
}
public static Map perFileStore(Map perDirectory, Function filestoreMapper)
{
return perDirectory.entrySet()
.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(entry -> filestoreMapper.apply(entry.getKey()),
Map.Entry::getValue,
Long::sum));
}
public Set allFileStores(Function filestoreMapper)
{
return Arrays.stream(getWriteableLocations())
.map(this::getLocationForDisk)
.map(filestoreMapper)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
/**
* Gets the filestore for the actual directory where the sstables are stored.
* Handles the fact that an operator can symlink a table directory to a different filestore.
*/
public static FileStore getFileStore(File directory)
{
try
{
return Files.getFileStore(directory.toPath());
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new FSReadError(e, directory);
}
}
public DataDirectory[] getWriteableLocations()
{
List allowedDirs = new ArrayList<>(paths.length);
for (DataDirectory dir : paths)
{
if (!DisallowedDirectories.isUnwritable(dir.location))
allowedDirs.add(dir);
}
if (allowedDirs.isEmpty())
throw new FSNoDiskAvailableForWriteError(metadata.keyspace);
allowedDirs.sort(Comparator.comparing(o -> o.location));
return allowedDirs.toArray(new DataDirectory[allowedDirs.size()]);
}
public static File getSnapshotDirectory(Descriptor desc, String snapshotName)
{
return getSnapshotDirectory(desc.directory, snapshotName);
}
/**
* Returns directory to write snapshot. If directory does not exist, then one is created.
*
* If given {@code location} indicates secondary index, this will return
* {@code /snapshots//.}.
* Otherwise, this will return {@code /snapshots/}.
*
* @param location base directory
* @param snapshotName snapshot name
* @return directory to write snapshot
*/
public static File getSnapshotDirectory(File location, String snapshotName)
{
if (isSecondaryIndexFolder(location))
{
return getOrCreate(location.parent(), SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR, snapshotName, location.name());
}
else
{
return getOrCreate(location, SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR, snapshotName);
}
}
public File getSnapshotManifestFile(String snapshotName)
{
File snapshotDir = getSnapshotDirectory(getDirectoryForNewSSTables(), snapshotName);
return getSnapshotManifestFile(snapshotDir);
}
public static File getSnapshotManifestFile(File snapshotDir)
{
return new File(snapshotDir, "manifest.json");
}
public File getSnapshotSchemaFile(String snapshotName)
{
File snapshotDir = getSnapshotDirectory(getDirectoryForNewSSTables(), snapshotName);
return getSnapshotSchemaFile(snapshotDir);
}
public static File getSnapshotSchemaFile(File snapshotDir)
{
return new File(snapshotDir, "schema.cql");
}
public static File getBackupsDirectory(Descriptor desc)
{
return getBackupsDirectory(desc.directory);
}
public static File getBackupsDirectory(File location)
{
if (isSecondaryIndexFolder(location))
{
return getOrCreate(location.parent(), BACKUPS_SUBDIR, location.name());
}
else
{
return getOrCreate(location, BACKUPS_SUBDIR);
}
}
/**
* Checks if the specified table should be stored with local system data.
*
* To minimize the risk of failures, SSTables for local system keyspaces must be stored in a single data
* directory. The only exception to this are some of the system table as the server can continue operating even
* if those tables loose some data.
*
* @param keyspace the keyspace name
* @param table the table name
* @return {@code true} if the specified table should be stored with local system data, {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public static boolean isStoredInLocalSystemKeyspacesDataLocation(String keyspace, String table)
{
String keyspaceName = keyspace.toLowerCase();
return SchemaConstants.LOCAL_SYSTEM_KEYSPACE_NAMES.contains(keyspaceName)
&& !(SchemaConstants.SYSTEM_KEYSPACE_NAME.equals(keyspaceName)
&& SystemKeyspace.TABLES_SPLIT_ACROSS_MULTIPLE_DISKS.contains(table.toLowerCase()));
}
public static class DataDirectory
{
public final File location;
public DataDirectory(String location)
{
this(new File(location));
}
public DataDirectory(File location)
{
this.location = location;
}
public DataDirectory(Path location)
{
this.location = new File(location);
}
public long getAvailableSpace()
{
long availableSpace = PathUtils.tryGetSpace(location.toPath(), FileStore::getUsableSpace) - DatabaseDescriptor.getMinFreeSpacePerDriveInBytes();
return availableSpace > 0 ? availableSpace : 0;
}
public long getRawSize()
{
return FileUtils.folderSize(location);
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o)
{
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
DataDirectory that = (DataDirectory) o;
return location.equals(that.location);
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
return location.hashCode();
}
public String toString()
{
return "DataDirectory{" +
"location=" + location +
'}';
}
}
/**
* Data directories used to store keyspace data.
*/
public static final class DataDirectories implements Iterable
{
/**
* The directories for storing the local system keyspaces.
*/
private final DataDirectory[] localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories;
/**
* The directories where the data of the non local system keyspaces should be stored.
*/
private final DataDirectory[] nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories;
public DataDirectories(String[] locationsForNonSystemKeyspaces, String[] locationsForSystemKeyspace)
{
nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories = toDataDirectories(locationsForNonSystemKeyspaces);
localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories = toDataDirectories(locationsForSystemKeyspace);
}
private static DataDirectory[] toDataDirectories(String... locations)
{
DataDirectory[] directories = new DataDirectory[locations.length];
for (int i = 0; i < locations.length; ++i)
directories[i] = new DataDirectory(new File(locations[i]));
return directories;
}
/**
* Returns the data directories for the specified table.
*
* @param table the table metadata
* @return the data directories for the specified table
*/
public DataDirectory[] getDataDirectoriesFor(TableMetadata table)
{
return isStoredInLocalSystemKeyspacesDataLocation(table.keyspace, table.name) ? localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories
: nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories;
}
@Override
public Iterator iterator()
{
return getAllDirectories().iterator();
}
public Set getAllDirectories()
{
Set directories = new LinkedHashSet<>(nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories.length + localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories.length);
Collections.addAll(directories, nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories);
Collections.addAll(directories, localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories);
return directories;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o)
{
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
DataDirectories that = (DataDirectories) o;
return Arrays.equals(this.localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories, that.localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories)
&& Arrays.equals(this.nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories, that.nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories);
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
return Objects.hash(localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories, nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "DataDirectories {" +
"systemKeyspaceDataDirectories=" + Arrays.toString(localSystemKeyspaceDataDirectories) +
", nonSystemKeyspacesDirectories=" + Arrays.toString(nonLocalSystemKeyspacesDirectories) +
'}';
}
}
static final class DataDirectoryCandidate implements Comparable
{
final DataDirectory dataDirectory;
final long availableSpace;
double perc;
public DataDirectoryCandidate(DataDirectory dataDirectory)
{
this.dataDirectory = dataDirectory;
this.availableSpace = dataDirectory.getAvailableSpace();
}
void calcFreePerc(long totalAvailableSpace)
{
double w = availableSpace;
w /= totalAvailableSpace;
perc = w;
}
public int compareTo(DataDirectoryCandidate o)
{
if (this == o)
return 0;
int r = Double.compare(perc, o.perc);
if (r != 0)
return -r;
// last resort
return System.identityHashCode(this) - System.identityHashCode(o);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "DataDirectoryCandidate{" +
"dataDirectory=" + dataDirectory +
", availableSpace=" + availableSpace +
", perc=" + perc +
'}';
}
}
/** The type of files that can be listed by SSTableLister, we never return txn logs,
* use LifecycleTransaction.getFiles() if you need txn logs. */
public enum FileType
{
/** A permanent sstable file that is safe to use. */
FINAL,
/** A temporary sstable file that will soon be deleted. */
TEMPORARY,
/** A transaction log file (contains information on final and temporary files). */
TXN_LOG;
}
/**
* How to handle a failure to read a txn log file. Note that we will try a few
* times before giving up.
**/
public enum OnTxnErr
{
/** Throw the exception */
THROW,
/** Ignore the problematic parts of the txn log file */
IGNORE
}
public SSTableLister sstableLister(OnTxnErr onTxnErr)
{
return new SSTableLister(this.dataPaths, this.metadata, onTxnErr);
}
public SSTableLister sstableLister(File directory, OnTxnErr onTxnErr)
{
return new SSTableLister(new File[]{directory}, metadata, onTxnErr);
}
public static class SSTableLister
{
private final OnTxnErr onTxnErr;
private boolean skipTemporary;
private boolean includeBackups;
private boolean onlyBackups;
private int nbFiles;
private final Map> components = new HashMap<>();
private boolean filtered;
private String snapshotName;
private final File[] dataPaths;
private final TableMetadata metadata;
private SSTableLister(File[] dataPaths, TableMetadata metadata, OnTxnErr onTxnErr)
{
this.dataPaths = dataPaths;
this.metadata = metadata;
this.onTxnErr = onTxnErr;
}
public SSTableLister skipTemporary(boolean b)
{
if (filtered)
throw new IllegalStateException("list() has already been called");
skipTemporary = b;
return this;
}
public SSTableLister includeBackups(boolean b)
{
if (filtered)
throw new IllegalStateException("list() has already been called");
includeBackups = b;
return this;
}
public SSTableLister onlyBackups(boolean b)
{
if (filtered)
throw new IllegalStateException("list() has already been called");
onlyBackups = b;
includeBackups = b;
return this;
}
public SSTableLister snapshots(String sn)
{
if (filtered)
throw new IllegalStateException("list() has already been called");
snapshotName = sn;
return this;
}
public Map> list()
{
filter();
return ImmutableMap.copyOf(components);
}
/**
* Returns a sorted version of the {@code list} method.
* Descriptors are sorted by generation.
* @return a List of descriptors to their components.
*/
public List>> sortedList()
{
List>> sortedEntries = new ArrayList<>(list().entrySet());
sortedEntries.sort((o1, o2) -> SSTableIdFactory.COMPARATOR.compare(o1.getKey().id, o2.getKey().id));
return sortedEntries;
}
public List listFiles()
{
filter();
List l = new ArrayList<>(nbFiles);
for (Map.Entry> entry : components.entrySet())
{
for (Component c : entry.getValue())
{
l.add(entry.getKey().fileFor(c));
}
}
return l;
}
private void filter()
{
if (filtered)
return;
for (File location : dataPaths)
{
if (DisallowedDirectories.isUnreadable(location))
continue;
if (snapshotName != null)
{
LifecycleTransaction.getFiles(getSnapshotDirectory(location, snapshotName).toPath(), getFilter(), onTxnErr);
continue;
}
if (!onlyBackups)
LifecycleTransaction.getFiles(location.toPath(), getFilter(), onTxnErr);
if (includeBackups)
LifecycleTransaction.getFiles(getBackupsDirectory(location).toPath(), getFilter(), onTxnErr);
}
filtered = true;
}
private BiPredicate getFilter()
{
// This function always return false since it adds to the components map
return (file, type) ->
{
switch (type)
{
case TXN_LOG:
return false;
case TEMPORARY:
if (skipTemporary)
return false;
case FINAL:
Pair pair = SSTable.tryComponentFromFilename(file);
if (pair == null)
return false;
// we are only interested in the SSTable files that belong to the specific ColumnFamily
if (!pair.left.ksname.equals(metadata.keyspace) || !pair.left.cfname.equals(metadata.name))
return false;
Set previous = components.get(pair.left);
if (previous == null)
{
previous = new HashSet<>();
components.put(pair.left, previous);
}
previous.add(pair.right);
nbFiles++;
return false;
default:
throw new AssertionError();
}
};
}
}
public Map listSnapshots()
{
Map> snapshotDirsByTag = listSnapshotDirsByTag();
Map snapshots = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(snapshotDirsByTag.size());
for (Map.Entry> entry : snapshotDirsByTag.entrySet())
{
String tag = entry.getKey();
Set snapshotDirs = entry.getValue();
SnapshotManifest manifest = maybeLoadManifest(metadata.keyspace, metadata.name, tag, snapshotDirs);
snapshots.put(tag, buildSnapshot(tag, manifest, snapshotDirs));
}
return snapshots;
}
private TableSnapshot buildSnapshot(String tag, SnapshotManifest manifest, Set snapshotDirs)
{
boolean ephemeral = manifest != null ? manifest.isEphemeral() : isLegacyEphemeralSnapshot(snapshotDirs);
Instant createdAt = manifest == null ? null : manifest.createdAt;
Instant expiresAt = manifest == null ? null : manifest.expiresAt;
return new TableSnapshot(metadata.keyspace, metadata.name, metadata.id.asUUID(), tag, createdAt, expiresAt,
snapshotDirs, ephemeral);
}
private static boolean isLegacyEphemeralSnapshot(Set snapshotDirs)
{
return snapshotDirs.stream().map(d -> new File(d, "ephemeral.snapshot")).anyMatch(File::exists);
}
@VisibleForTesting
protected static SnapshotManifest maybeLoadManifest(String keyspace, String table, String tag, Set snapshotDirs)
{
List manifests = snapshotDirs.stream().map(d -> new File(d, "manifest.json"))
.filter(File::exists).collect(Collectors.toList());
if (manifests.isEmpty())
{
logger.warn("No manifest found for snapshot {} of table {}.{}.", tag, keyspace, table);
return null;
}
if (manifests.size() > 1) {
logger.warn("Found multiple manifests for snapshot {} of table {}.{}", tag, keyspace, table);
}
try
{
return SnapshotManifest.deserializeFromJsonFile(manifests.get(0));
}
catch (IOException e)
{
logger.warn("Cannot read manifest file {} of snapshot {}.", manifests, tag, e);
}
return null;
}
@VisibleForTesting
protected Map> listSnapshotDirsByTag()
{
Map> snapshotDirsByTag = new HashMap<>();
for (final File dir : dataPaths)
{
File snapshotDir = isSecondaryIndexFolder(dir)
? new File(dir.parentPath(), SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR)
: new File(dir, SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR);
if (snapshotDir.exists() && snapshotDir.isDirectory())
{
final File[] snapshotDirs = snapshotDir.tryList();
if (snapshotDirs != null)
{
for (final File snapshot : snapshotDirs)
{
if (snapshot.isDirectory()) {
snapshotDirsByTag.computeIfAbsent(snapshot.name(), k -> new LinkedHashSet<>()).add(snapshot.toAbsolute());
}
}
}
}
}
return snapshotDirsByTag;
}
public boolean snapshotExists(String snapshotName)
{
for (File dir : dataPaths)
{
File snapshotDir;
if (isSecondaryIndexFolder(dir))
{
snapshotDir = new File(dir.parent(), join(SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR, snapshotName, dir.name()));
}
else
{
snapshotDir = new File(dir, join(SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR, snapshotName));
}
if (snapshotDir.exists())
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static void clearSnapshot(String snapshotName, List tableDirectories, RateLimiter snapshotRateLimiter)
{
// If snapshotName is empty or null, we will delete the entire snapshot directory
String tag = snapshotName == null ? "" : snapshotName;
for (File tableDir : tableDirectories)
{
File snapshotDir = new File(tableDir, join(SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR, tag));
removeSnapshotDirectory(snapshotRateLimiter, snapshotDir);
}
}
public static void removeSnapshotDirectory(RateLimiter snapshotRateLimiter, File snapshotDir)
{
if (snapshotDir.exists())
{
logger.trace("Removing snapshot directory {}", snapshotDir);
try
{
FileUtils.deleteRecursiveWithThrottle(snapshotDir, snapshotRateLimiter);
}
catch (RuntimeException ex)
{
if (!snapshotDir.exists())
return; // ignore
throw ex;
}
}
}
/**
* @return total snapshot size in byte for all snapshots.
*/
public long trueSnapshotsSize()
{
long result = 0L;
for (File dir : dataPaths)
{
File snapshotDir = isSecondaryIndexFolder(dir)
? new File(dir.parentPath(), SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR)
: new File(dir, SNAPSHOT_SUBDIR);
result += getTrueAllocatedSizeIn(snapshotDir);
}
return result;
}
/**
* @return Raw size on disk for all directories
*/
public long getRawDiretoriesSize()
{
long totalAllocatedSize = 0L;
for (File path : dataPaths)
totalAllocatedSize += FileUtils.folderSize(path);
return totalAllocatedSize;
}
public long getTrueAllocatedSizeIn(File snapshotDir)
{
if (!snapshotDir.isDirectory())
return 0;
SSTableSizeSummer visitor = new SSTableSizeSummer(sstableLister(OnTxnErr.THROW).listFiles());
try
{
Files.walkFileTree(snapshotDir.toPath(), visitor);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
logger.error("Could not calculate the size of {}. {}", snapshotDir, e.getMessage());
}
return visitor.getAllocatedSize();
}
// Recursively finds all the sub directories in the KS directory.
public static List getKSChildDirectories(String ksName)
{
List result = new ArrayList<>();
for (DataDirectory dataDirectory : dataDirectories.getAllDirectories())
{
File ksDir = new File(dataDirectory.location, ksName);
File[] cfDirs = ksDir.tryList();
if (cfDirs == null)
continue;
for (File cfDir : cfDirs)
{
if (cfDir.isDirectory())
result.add(cfDir);
}
}
return result;
}
public static boolean isSecondaryIndexFolder(File dir)
{
return dir.name().startsWith(SECONDARY_INDEX_NAME_SEPARATOR);
}
public static boolean isSecondaryIndexFolder(Path dir)
{
return PathUtils.filename(dir).startsWith(SECONDARY_INDEX_NAME_SEPARATOR);
}
public List getCFDirectories()
{
List result = new ArrayList<>();
for (File dataDirectory : dataPaths)
{
if (dataDirectory.isDirectory())
result.add(dataDirectory);
}
return result;
}
/**
* Initializes the sstable unique identifier generator using a provided builder for this instance of directories.
* If the id builder needs that, sstables in these directories are listed to provide the existing identifiers to
* the builder. The listing is done lazily so if the builder does not require that, listing is skipped.
*/
public Supplier getUIDGenerator(SSTableId.Builder builder)
{
// this stream is evaluated lazily - if the generator does not need the existing ids, we do not even call #sstableLister
Stream curIds = StreamSupport.stream(() -> sstableLister(Directories.OnTxnErr.IGNORE)
.includeBackups(true)
.list()
.keySet()
.spliterator(), Spliterator.DISTINCT, false)
.map(d -> d.id);
return builder.generator(curIds);
}
private static File getOrCreate(File base, String... subdirs)
{
File dir = subdirs == null || subdirs.length == 0 ? base : new File(base, join(subdirs));
if (dir.exists())
{
if (!dir.isDirectory())
throw new AssertionError(String.format("Invalid directory path %s: path exists but is not a directory", dir));
}
else if (!dir.tryCreateDirectories() && !(dir.exists() && dir.isDirectory()))
{
throw new FSWriteError(new IOException("Unable to create directory " + dir), dir);
}
return dir;
}
private static String join(String... s)
{
return StringUtils.join(s, File.pathSeparator());
}
private class SSTableSizeSummer extends DirectorySizeCalculator
{
private final Set toSkip;
SSTableSizeSummer(List files)
{
toSkip = files.stream().map(File::name).collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
@Override
public boolean isAcceptable(Path path)
{
File file = new File(path);
Descriptor desc = SSTable.tryDescriptorFromFile(file);
return desc != null
&& desc.ksname.equals(metadata.keyspace)
&& desc.cfname.equals(metadata.name)
&& !toSkip.contains(file.name());
}
}
}