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Tools to assist in the reading of configuration/preferences files in various formats

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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.configuration2;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

import org.apache.commons.configuration2.event.ConfigurationEvent;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.event.EventListener;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.ex.ConfigurationException;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.ex.ConfigurationRuntimeException;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

/**
 * 

* A helper class used by {@link PropertiesConfiguration} to keep the layout of a properties file. *

*

* Instances of this class are associated with a {@code PropertiesConfiguration} object. They are responsible for * analyzing properties files and for extracting as much information about the file layout (e.g. empty lines, comments) * as possible. When the properties file is written back again it should be close to the original. *

*

* The {@code PropertiesConfigurationLayout} object associated with a {@code PropertiesConfiguration} object can be * obtained using the {@code getLayout()} method of the configuration. Then the methods provided by this class can be * used to alter the properties file's layout. *

*

* Implementation note: This is a very simple implementation, which is far away from being perfect, i.e. the original * layout of a properties file won't be reproduced in all cases. One limitation is that comments for multi-valued * property keys are concatenated. Maybe this implementation can later be improved. *

*

* To get an impression how this class works consider the following properties file: *

* *
 * # A demo configuration file
 * # for Demo App 1.42
 *
 * # Application name
 * AppName=Demo App
 *
 * # Application vendor
 * AppVendor=DemoSoft
 *
 *
 * # GUI properties
 * # Window Color
 * windowColors=0xFFFFFF,0x000000
 *
 * # Include some setting
 * include=settings.properties
 * # Another vendor
 * AppVendor=TestSoft
 * 
* *

* For this example the following points are relevant: *

*
    *
  • The first two lines are set as header comment. The header comment is determined by the last blank line before the * first property definition.
  • *
  • For the property {@code AppName} one comment line and one leading blank line is stored.
  • *
  • For the property {@code windowColors} two comment lines and two leading blank lines are stored.
  • *
  • Include files is something this class cannot deal with well. When saving the properties configuration back, the * included properties are simply contained in the original file. The comment before the include property is * skipped.
  • *
  • For all properties except for {@code AppVendor} the "single line" flag is set. This is relevant only * for {@code windowColors}, which has multiple values defined in one line using the separator character.
  • *
  • The {@code AppVendor} property appears twice. The comment lines are concatenated, so that * {@code layout.getComment("AppVendor");} will result in {@code Application vendor<CR>Another vendor}, with * {@code <CR>} meaning the line separator. In addition the "single line" flag is set to false * for this property. When the file is saved, two property definitions will be written (in series).
  • *
* * @since 1.3 */ public class PropertiesConfigurationLayout implements EventListener { /** * A helper class for storing all layout related information for a configuration property. */ static class PropertyLayoutData implements Cloneable { /** Stores the comment for the property. */ private StringBuffer comment; /** The separator to be used for this property. */ private String separator; /** Stores the number of blank lines before this property. */ private int blankLines; /** Stores the single line property. */ private boolean singleLine; /** * Creates a new instance of {@code PropertyLayoutData}. */ public PropertyLayoutData() { singleLine = true; separator = PropertiesConfiguration.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR; } /** * Adds a comment for this property. If already a comment exists, the new comment is added (separated by a newline). * * @param s the comment to add */ public void addComment(final String s) { if (s != null) { if (comment == null) { comment = new StringBuffer(s); } else { comment.append(CR).append(s); } } } /** * Creates a copy of this object. * * @return the copy */ @Override public PropertyLayoutData clone() { try { final PropertyLayoutData copy = (PropertyLayoutData) super.clone(); if (comment != null) { // must copy string buffer, too copy.comment = new StringBuffer(getComment()); } return copy; } catch (final CloneNotSupportedException cnex) { // This cannot happen! throw new ConfigurationRuntimeException(cnex); } } /** * Gets the number of blank lines before this property. * * @return the number of blank lines before this property * @deprecated Use {#link {@link #getBlankLines()}}. */ @Deprecated public int getBlancLines() { return getBlankLines(); } /** * Gets the number of blank lines before this property. * * @return the number of blank lines before this property * @since 2.8.0 */ public int getBlankLines() { return blankLines; } /** * Gets the comment for this property. The comment is returned as it is, without processing of comment characters. * * @return the comment (can be null) */ public String getComment() { return Objects.toString(comment, null); } /** * Gets the separator that was used for this property. * * @return the property separator */ public String getSeparator() { return separator; } /** * Returns the single line flag. * * @return the single line flag */ public boolean isSingleLine() { return singleLine; } /** * Sets the number of properties before this property. * * @param blankLines the number of properties before this property * @deprecated Use {@link #setBlankLines(int)}. */ @Deprecated public void setBlancLines(final int blankLines) { setBlankLines(blankLines); } /** * Sets the number of properties before this property. * * @param blankLines the number of properties before this property * @since 2.8.0 */ public void setBlankLines(final int blankLines) { this.blankLines = blankLines; } /** * Sets the comment for this property. * * @param s the new comment (can be null) */ public void setComment(final String s) { if (s == null) { comment = null; } else { comment = new StringBuffer(s); } } /** * Sets the separator to be used for the represented property. * * @param separator the property separator */ public void setSeparator(final String separator) { this.separator = separator; } /** * Sets the single line flag. * * @param singleLine the single line flag */ public void setSingleLine(final boolean singleLine) { this.singleLine = singleLine; } } /** Constant for the line break character. */ private static final String CR = "\n"; /** Constant for the default comment prefix. */ private static final String COMMENT_PREFIX = "# "; /** * Helper method for generating a comment string. Depending on the boolean argument the resulting string either has no * comment characters or a leading comment character at each line. * * @param comment the comment string to be processed * @param commentChar determines the presence of comment characters * @return the canonical comment string (can be null) */ private static String constructCanonicalComment(final String comment, final boolean commentChar) { return comment == null ? null : trimComment(comment, commentChar); } /** * Tests whether a line is a comment, i.e. whether it starts with a comment character. * * @param line the line * @return a flag if this is a comment line */ static boolean isCommentLine(final String line) { return PropertiesConfiguration.isCommentLine(line); } /** * Either removes the comment character from the given comment line or ensures that the line starts with a comment * character. * * @param s the comment line * @param comment if true, a comment character will always be enforced; if false, it will be removed * @return the line without comment character */ static String stripCommentChar(final String s, final boolean comment) { if (StringUtils.isBlank(s) || isCommentLine(s) == comment) { return s; } if (!comment) { int pos = 0; // find first comment character while (PropertiesConfiguration.COMMENT_CHARS.indexOf(s.charAt(pos)) < 0) { pos++; } // Remove leading spaces pos++; while (pos < s.length() && Character.isWhitespace(s.charAt(pos))) { pos++; } return pos < s.length() ? s.substring(pos) : StringUtils.EMPTY; } return COMMENT_PREFIX + s; } /** * Trims a comment. This method either removes all comment characters from the given string, leaving only the plain * comment text or ensures that every line starts with a valid comment character. * * @param s the string to be processed * @param comment if true, a comment character will always be enforced; if false, it will be removed * @return the trimmed comment */ static String trimComment(final String s, final boolean comment) { final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(s.length()); int lastPos = 0; int pos; do { pos = s.indexOf(CR, lastPos); if (pos >= 0) { final String line = s.substring(lastPos, pos); buf.append(stripCommentChar(line, comment)).append(CR); lastPos = pos + CR.length(); } } while (pos >= 0); if (lastPos < s.length()) { buf.append(stripCommentChar(s.substring(lastPos), comment)); } return buf.toString(); } /** * Helper method for writing a comment line. This method ensures that the correct line separator is used if the comment * spans multiple lines. * * @param writer the writer * @param comment the comment to write * @throws IOException if an IO error occurs */ private static void writeComment(final PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesWriter writer, final String comment) throws IOException { if (comment != null) { writer.writeln(StringUtils.replace(comment, CR, writer.getLineSeparator())); } } /** Stores a map with the contained layout information. */ private final Map layoutData; /** Stores the header comment. */ private String headerComment; /** Stores the footer comment. */ private String footerComment; /** The global separator that will be used for all properties. */ private String globalSeparator; /** The line separator. */ private String lineSeparator; /** A counter for determining nested load calls. */ private final AtomicInteger loadCounter; /** Stores the force single line flag. */ private boolean forceSingleLine; /** Seen includes. */ private final ArrayDeque seenStack = new ArrayDeque<>(); /** * Creates a new, empty instance of {@code PropertiesConfigurationLayout}. */ public PropertiesConfigurationLayout() { this(null); } /** * Creates a new instance of {@code PropertiesConfigurationLayout} and copies the data of the specified layout object. * * @param c the layout object to be copied */ public PropertiesConfigurationLayout(final PropertiesConfigurationLayout c) { loadCounter = new AtomicInteger(); layoutData = new LinkedHashMap<>(); if (c != null) { copyFrom(c); } } /** * Checks if parts of the passed in comment can be used as header comment. This method checks whether a header comment * can be defined (i.e. whether this is the first comment in the loaded file). If this is the case, it is searched for * the latest blank line. This line will mark the end of the header comment. The return value is the index of the first * line in the passed in list, which does not belong to the header comment. * * @param commentLines the comment lines * @return the index of the next line after the header comment */ private int checkHeaderComment(final List commentLines) { if (loadCounter.get() == 1 && layoutData.isEmpty()) { int index = commentLines.size() - 1; // strip comments that belong to first key while (index >= 0 && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(commentLines.get(index))) { index--; } // strip blank lines while (index >= 0 && StringUtils.isEmpty(commentLines.get(index))) { index--; } if (getHeaderComment() == null) { setHeaderComment(extractComment(commentLines, 0, index)); } return index + 1; } return 0; } /** * Removes all content from this layout object. */ private void clear() { seenStack.clear(); layoutData.clear(); setHeaderComment(null); setFooterComment(null); } /** * Copies the data from the given layout object. * * @param c the layout object to copy */ private void copyFrom(final PropertiesConfigurationLayout c) { c.getKeys().forEach(key -> layoutData.put(key, c.layoutData.get(key).clone())); setHeaderComment(c.getHeaderComment()); setFooterComment(c.getFooterComment()); } /** * Extracts a comment string from the given range of the specified comment lines. The single lines are added using a * line feed as separator. * * @param commentLines a list with comment lines * @param from the start index * @param to the end index (inclusive) * @return the comment string (null if it is undefined) */ private String extractComment(final List commentLines, final int from, final int to) { if (to < from) { return null; } final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(commentLines.get(from)); for (int i = from + 1; i <= to; i++) { buf.append(CR); buf.append(commentLines.get(i)); } return buf.toString(); } /** * Returns a layout data object for the specified key. If this is a new key, a new object is created and initialized * with default values. * * @param key the key * @return the corresponding layout data object */ private PropertyLayoutData fetchLayoutData(final String key) { if (key == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property key must not be null!"); } // PropertyLayoutData defaults to singleLine = true return layoutData.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new PropertyLayoutData()); } /** * Gets the number of blank lines before this property key. If this key does not exist, 0 will be returned. * * @param key the property key * @return the number of blank lines before the property definition for this key * @deprecated Use {@link #getBlankLinesBefore(String)}. */ @Deprecated public int getBlancLinesBefore(final String key) { return getBlankLinesBefore(key); } /** * Gets the number of blank lines before this property key. If this key does not exist, 0 will be returned. * * @param key the property key * @return the number of blank lines before the property definition for this key */ public int getBlankLinesBefore(final String key) { return fetchLayoutData(key).getBlankLines(); } /** * Gets the comment for the specified property key in a canonical form. "Canonical" means that either all * lines start with a comment character or none. If the {@code commentChar} parameter is false, all comment * characters are removed, so that the result is only the plain text of the comment. Otherwise it is ensured that each * line of the comment starts with a comment character. Also, line breaks in the comment are normalized to the line * separator "\n". * * @param key the key of the property * @param commentChar determines whether all lines should start with comment characters or not * @return the canonical comment for this key (can be null) */ public String getCanonicalComment(final String key, final boolean commentChar) { return constructCanonicalComment(getComment(key), commentChar); } /** * Gets the footer comment of the represented properties file in a canonical form. This method works like * {@code getCanonicalHeaderComment()}, but reads the footer comment. * * @param commentChar determines the presence of comment characters * @return the footer comment (can be null) * @see #getCanonicalHeaderComment(boolean) * @since 2.0 */ public String getCanonicalFooterCooment(final boolean commentChar) { return constructCanonicalComment(getFooterComment(), commentChar); } /** * Gets the header comment of the represented properties file in a canonical form. With the {@code commentChar} * parameter it can be specified whether comment characters should be stripped or be always present. * * @param commentChar determines the presence of comment characters * @return the header comment (can be null) */ public String getCanonicalHeaderComment(final boolean commentChar) { return constructCanonicalComment(getHeaderComment(), commentChar); } /** * Gets the comment for the specified property key. The comment is returned as it was set (either manually by calling * {@code setComment()} or when it was loaded from a properties file). No modifications are performed. * * @param key the key of the property * @return the comment for this key (can be null) */ public String getComment(final String key) { return fetchLayoutData(key).getComment(); } /** * Gets the footer comment of the represented properties file. This method returns the footer comment exactly as it * was set using {@code setFooterComment()} or extracted from the loaded properties file. * * @return the footer comment (can be null) * @since 2.0 */ public String getFooterComment() { return footerComment; } /** * Gets the global separator. * * @return the global properties separator * @since 1.7 */ public String getGlobalSeparator() { return globalSeparator; } /** * Gets the header comment of the represented properties file. This method returns the header comment exactly as it * was set using {@code setHeaderComment()} or extracted from the loaded properties file. * * @return the header comment (can be null) */ public String getHeaderComment() { return headerComment; } /** * Gets a set with all property keys managed by this object. * * @return a set with all contained property keys */ public Set getKeys() { return layoutData.keySet(); } /** * Gets the line separator. * * @return the line separator * @since 1.7 */ public String getLineSeparator() { return lineSeparator; } /** * Gets the separator for the property with the given key. * * @param key the property key * @return the property separator for this property * @since 1.7 */ public String getSeparator(final String key) { return fetchLayoutData(key).getSeparator(); } /** * Returns the "force single line" flag. * * @return the force single line flag * @see #setForceSingleLine(boolean) */ public boolean isForceSingleLine() { return forceSingleLine; } /** * Returns a flag whether the specified property is defined on a single line. This is meaningful only if this property * has multiple values. * * @param key the property key * @return a flag if this property is defined on a single line */ public boolean isSingleLine(final String key) { return fetchLayoutData(key).isSingleLine(); } /** * Reads a properties file and stores its internal structure. The found properties will be added to the specified * configuration object. * * @param config the associated configuration object * @param reader the reader to the properties file * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs */ public void load(final PropertiesConfiguration config, final Reader reader) throws ConfigurationException { loadCounter.incrementAndGet(); @SuppressWarnings("resource") // createPropertiesReader wraps the reader. final PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesReader pReader = config.getIOFactory().createPropertiesReader(reader); try { while (pReader.nextProperty()) { if (config.propertyLoaded(pReader.getPropertyName(), pReader.getPropertyValue(), seenStack)) { final boolean contained = layoutData.containsKey(pReader.getPropertyName()); int blankLines = 0; int idx = checkHeaderComment(pReader.getCommentLines()); while (idx < pReader.getCommentLines().size() && StringUtils.isEmpty(pReader.getCommentLines().get(idx))) { idx++; blankLines++; } final String comment = extractComment(pReader.getCommentLines(), idx, pReader.getCommentLines().size() - 1); final PropertyLayoutData data = fetchLayoutData(pReader.getPropertyName()); if (contained) { data.addComment(comment); data.setSingleLine(false); } else { data.setComment(comment); data.setBlankLines(blankLines); data.setSeparator(pReader.getPropertySeparator()); } } } setFooterComment(extractComment(pReader.getCommentLines(), 0, pReader.getCommentLines().size() - 1)); } catch (final IOException ioex) { throw new ConfigurationException(ioex); } finally { loadCounter.decrementAndGet(); } } /** * The event listener callback. Here event notifications of the configuration object are processed to update the layout * object properly. * * @param event the event object */ @Override public void onEvent(final ConfigurationEvent event) { if (!event.isBeforeUpdate() && loadCounter.get() == 0) { if (ConfigurationEvent.ADD_PROPERTY.equals(event.getEventType())) { final boolean contained = layoutData.containsKey(event.getPropertyName()); final PropertyLayoutData data = fetchLayoutData(event.getPropertyName()); data.setSingleLine(!contained); } else if (ConfigurationEvent.CLEAR_PROPERTY.equals(event.getEventType())) { layoutData.remove(event.getPropertyName()); } else if (ConfigurationEvent.CLEAR.equals(event.getEventType())) { clear(); } else if (ConfigurationEvent.SET_PROPERTY.equals(event.getEventType())) { fetchLayoutData(event.getPropertyName()); } } } /** * Writes the properties file to the given writer, preserving as much of its structure as possible. * * @param config the associated configuration object * @param writer the writer * @throws ConfigurationException if an error occurs */ public void save(final PropertiesConfiguration config, final Writer writer) throws ConfigurationException { try { @SuppressWarnings("resource") // createPropertiesReader wraps the writer. final PropertiesConfiguration.PropertiesWriter pWriter = config.getIOFactory().createPropertiesWriter(writer, config.getListDelimiterHandler()); pWriter.setGlobalSeparator(getGlobalSeparator()); if (getLineSeparator() != null) { pWriter.setLineSeparator(getLineSeparator()); } if (headerComment != null) { writeComment(pWriter, getCanonicalHeaderComment(true)); } boolean firstKey = true; for (final String key : getKeys()) { if (config.containsKeyInternal(key)) { // preset header comment needs to be separated from key if (firstKey && headerComment != null && getBlankLinesBefore(key) == 0) { pWriter.writeln(null); } // Output blank lines before property for (int i = 0; i < getBlankLinesBefore(key); i++) { pWriter.writeln(null); } // Output the comment writeComment(pWriter, getCanonicalComment(key, true)); // Output the property and its value final boolean singleLine = isForceSingleLine() || isSingleLine(key); pWriter.setCurrentSeparator(getSeparator(key)); pWriter.writeProperty(key, config.getPropertyInternal(key), singleLine); } firstKey = false; } writeComment(pWriter, getCanonicalFooterCooment(true)); pWriter.flush(); } catch (final IOException ioex) { throw new ConfigurationException(ioex); } } /** * Sets the number of blank lines before the given property key. This can be used for a logical grouping of properties. * * @param key the property key * @param number the number of blank lines to add before this property definition * @deprecated use {@link PropertiesConfigurationLayout#setBlankLinesBefore(String, int)}. */ @Deprecated public void setBlancLinesBefore(final String key, final int number) { setBlankLinesBefore(key, number); } /** * Sets the number of blank lines before the given property key. This can be used for a logical grouping of properties. * * @param key the property key * @param number the number of blank lines to add before this property definition * @since 2.8.0 */ public void setBlankLinesBefore(final String key, final int number) { fetchLayoutData(key).setBlankLines(number); } /** * Sets the comment for the specified property key. The comment (or its single lines if it is a multi-line comment) can * start with a comment character. If this is the case, it will be written without changes. Otherwise a default comment * character is added automatically. * * @param key the key of the property * @param comment the comment for this key (can be null, then the comment will be removed) */ public void setComment(final String key, final String comment) { fetchLayoutData(key).setComment(comment); } /** * Sets the footer comment for the represented properties file. This comment will be output at the bottom of the file. * * @param footerComment the footer comment * @since 2.0 */ public void setFooterComment(final String footerComment) { this.footerComment = footerComment; } /** * Sets the "force single line" flag. If this flag is set, all properties with multiple values are written on * single lines. This mode provides more compatibility with {@link Properties}, which cannot deal with * multiple definitions of a single property. This mode has no effect if the list delimiter parsing is disabled. * * @param f the force single line flag */ public void setForceSingleLine(final boolean f) { forceSingleLine = f; } /** * Sets the global separator for properties. With this method a separator can be set that will be used for all * properties when writing the configuration. This is an easy way of determining the properties separator globally. To * be compatible with the properties format only the characters {@code =} and {@code :} (with or without whitespace) * should be used, but this method does not enforce this - it accepts arbitrary strings. If the global separator is set * to null, property separators are not changed. This is the default behavior as it produces results that are * closer to the original properties file. * * @param globalSeparator the separator to be used for all properties * @since 1.7 */ public void setGlobalSeparator(final String globalSeparator) { this.globalSeparator = globalSeparator; } /** * Sets the header comment for the represented properties file. This comment will be output on top of the file. * * @param comment the comment */ public void setHeaderComment(final String comment) { headerComment = comment; } /** * Sets the line separator. When writing the properties configuration, all lines are terminated with this separator. If * no separator was set, the platform-specific default line separator is used. * * @param lineSeparator the line separator * @since 1.7 */ public void setLineSeparator(final String lineSeparator) { this.lineSeparator = lineSeparator; } /** * Sets the separator to be used for the property with the given key. The separator is the string between the property * key and its value. For new properties " = " is used. When a properties file is read, the layout tries to * determine the separator for each property. With this method the separator can be changed. To be compatible with the * properties format only the characters {@code =} and {@code :} (with or without whitespace) should be used, but this * method does not enforce this - it accepts arbitrary strings. If the key refers to a property with multiple values * that are written on multiple lines, this separator will be used on all lines. * * @param key the key for the property * @param sep the separator to be used for this property * @since 1.7 */ public void setSeparator(final String key, final String sep) { fetchLayoutData(key).setSeparator(sep); } /** * Sets the "single line flag" for the specified property key. This flag is evaluated if the property has * multiple values (i.e. if it is a list property). In this case, if the flag is set, all values will be written in a * single property definition using the list delimiter as separator. Otherwise multiple lines will be written for this * property, each line containing one property value. * * @param key the property key * @param f the single line flag */ public void setSingleLine(final String key, final boolean f) { fetchLayoutData(key).setSingleLine(f); } }




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