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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.avro;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.type.HiveDecimal;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde.serdeConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.SerDeUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TypeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TypeInfoUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.Buffer;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* Utilities useful only to the AvroSerde itself. Not mean to be used by
* end-users but public for interop to the ql package.
*/
public class AvroSerdeUtils {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AvroSerdeUtils.class);
/**
* Enum container for all avro table properties.
* If introducing a new avro-specific table property,
* add it here. Putting them in an enum rather than separate strings
* allows them to be programmatically grouped and referenced together.
*/
public static enum AvroTableProperties {
SCHEMA_LITERAL("avro.schema.literal"),
SCHEMA_URL("avro.schema.url"),
SCHEMA_NAMESPACE("avro.schema.namespace"),
SCHEMA_NAME("avro.schema.name"),
SCHEMA_DOC("avro.schema.doc"),
AVRO_SERDE_SCHEMA("avro.serde.schema"),
SCHEMA_RETRIEVER("avro.schema.retriever");
private final String propName;
AvroTableProperties(String propName) {
this.propName = propName;
}
public String getPropName(){
return this.propName;
}
}
// Following parameters slated for removal, prefer usage of enum above, that allows programmatic access.
@Deprecated public static final String SCHEMA_LITERAL = "avro.schema.literal";
@Deprecated public static final String SCHEMA_URL = "avro.schema.url";
@Deprecated public static final String SCHEMA_NAMESPACE = "avro.schema.namespace";
@Deprecated public static final String SCHEMA_NAME = "avro.schema.name";
@Deprecated public static final String SCHEMA_DOC = "avro.schema.doc";
@Deprecated public static final String AVRO_SERDE_SCHEMA = AvroTableProperties.AVRO_SERDE_SCHEMA.getPropName();
@Deprecated public static final String SCHEMA_RETRIEVER = AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_RETRIEVER.getPropName();
public static final String SCHEMA_NONE = "none";
public static final String EXCEPTION_MESSAGE = "Neither "
+ AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_LITERAL.getPropName() + " nor "
+ AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_URL.getPropName() + " specified, can't determine table schema";
/**
* Determine the schema to that's been provided for Avro serde work.
* @param properties containing a key pointing to the schema, one way or another
* @return schema to use while serdeing the avro file
* @throws IOException if error while trying to read the schema from another location
* @throws AvroSerdeException if unable to find a schema or pointer to it in the properties
*/
public static Schema determineSchemaOrThrowException(Configuration conf, Properties properties)
throws IOException, AvroSerdeException {
String schemaString = properties.getProperty(AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_LITERAL.getPropName());
if(schemaString != null && !schemaString.equals(SCHEMA_NONE))
return AvroSerdeUtils.getSchemaFor(schemaString);
// Try pulling directly from URL
schemaString = properties.getProperty(AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_URL.getPropName());
if (schemaString == null) {
final String columnNameProperty = properties.getProperty(serdeConstants.LIST_COLUMNS);
final String columnTypeProperty = properties.getProperty(serdeConstants.LIST_COLUMN_TYPES);
final String columnCommentProperty = properties.getProperty(AvroSerDe.LIST_COLUMN_COMMENTS);
if (columnNameProperty == null || columnNameProperty.isEmpty()
|| columnTypeProperty == null || columnTypeProperty.isEmpty() ) {
throw new AvroSerdeException(EXCEPTION_MESSAGE);
}
final String columnNameDelimiter = properties.containsKey(serdeConstants.COLUMN_NAME_DELIMITER) ? properties
.getProperty(serdeConstants.COLUMN_NAME_DELIMITER) : String.valueOf(SerDeUtils.COMMA);
// Get column names and types
List columnNames = Arrays.asList(columnNameProperty.split(columnNameDelimiter));
List columnTypes = TypeInfoUtils.getTypeInfosFromTypeString(columnTypeProperty);
Schema schema = AvroSerDe.getSchemaFromCols(properties, columnNames, columnTypes, columnCommentProperty);
properties.setProperty(AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_LITERAL.getPropName(), schema.toString());
if (conf != null)
conf.set(AvroTableProperties.AVRO_SERDE_SCHEMA.getPropName(), schema.toString(false));
return schema;
} else if(schemaString.equals(SCHEMA_NONE)) {
throw new AvroSerdeException(EXCEPTION_MESSAGE);
}
try {
Schema s = getSchemaFromFS(schemaString, conf);
if (s == null) {
//in case schema is not a file system
return AvroSerdeUtils.getSchemaFor(new URL(schemaString));
}
return s;
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new AvroSerdeException("Unable to read schema from given path: " + schemaString, ioe);
} catch (URISyntaxException urie) {
throw new AvroSerdeException("Unable to read schema from given path: " + schemaString, urie);
}
}
// Protected for testing and so we can pass in a conf for testing.
protected static Schema getSchemaFromFS(String schemaFSUrl,
Configuration conf) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
FSDataInputStream in = null;
FileSystem fs = null;
try {
fs = FileSystem.get(new URI(schemaFSUrl), conf);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
//return null only if the file system in schema is not recognized
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
String msg = "Failed to open file system for uri " + schemaFSUrl + " assuming it is not a FileSystem url";
LOG.debug(msg, ioe);
}
return null;
}
try {
in = fs.open(new Path(schemaFSUrl));
Schema s = AvroSerdeUtils.getSchemaFor(in);
return s;
} finally {
if(in != null) in.close();
}
}
/**
* Determine if an Avro schema is of type Union[T, NULL]. Avro supports nullable
* types via a union of type T and null. This is a very common use case.
* As such, we want to silently convert it to just T and allow the value to be null.
*
* When a Hive union type is used with AVRO, the schema type becomes
* Union[NULL, T1, T2, ...]. The NULL in the union should be silently removed
*
* @return true if type represents Union[T, Null], false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isNullableType(Schema schema) {
if (!schema.getType().equals(Schema.Type.UNION)) {
return false;
}
List itemSchemas = schema.getTypes();
if (itemSchemas.size() < 2) {
return false;
}
for (Schema itemSchema : itemSchemas) {
if (Schema.Type.NULL.equals(itemSchema.getType())) {
return true;
}
}
// [null, null] not allowed, so this check is ok.
return false;
}
/**
* If the union schema is a nullable union, get the schema for the non-nullable type.
* This method does no checking that the provided Schema is nullable. If the provided
* union schema is non-nullable, it simply returns the union schema
*/
public static Schema getOtherTypeFromNullableType(Schema unionSchema) {
final List types = unionSchema.getTypes();
if (types.size() == 2) { // most common scenario
if (types.get(0).getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
return types.get(1);
}
if (types.get(1).getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
return types.get(0);
}
// not a nullable union
return unionSchema;
}
final List itemSchemas = new ArrayList<>();
for (Schema itemSchema : types) {
if (!Schema.Type.NULL.equals(itemSchema.getType())) {
itemSchemas.add(itemSchema);
}
}
if (itemSchemas.size() > 1) {
return Schema.createUnion(itemSchemas);
} else {
return itemSchemas.get(0);
}
}
/**
* Determine if we're being executed from within an MR job or as part
* of a select * statement. The signals for this varies between Hive versions.
* @param job that contains things that are or are not set in a job
* @return Are we in a job or not?
*/
public static boolean insideMRJob(JobConf job) {
return job != null
&& (HiveConf.getVar(job, HiveConf.ConfVars.PLAN) != null)
&& (!HiveConf.getVar(job, HiveConf.ConfVars.PLAN).isEmpty());
}
public static Buffer getBufferFromBytes(byte[] input) {
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(input);
return bb.rewind();
}
public static Buffer getBufferFromDecimal(HiveDecimal dec, int scale) {
if (dec == null) {
return null;
}
// NOTE: Previously, we did OldHiveDecimal.setScale(scale), called OldHiveDecimal
// unscaledValue().toByteArray().
return AvroSerdeUtils.getBufferFromBytes(dec.bigIntegerBytesScaled(scale));
}
public static byte[] getBytesFromByteBuffer(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
byteBuffer.rewind();
byte[] result = new byte[byteBuffer.limit()];
byteBuffer.get(result);
return result;
}
public static HiveDecimal getHiveDecimalFromByteBuffer(ByteBuffer byteBuffer, int scale) {
byte[] result = getBytesFromByteBuffer(byteBuffer);
HiveDecimal dec = HiveDecimal.create(new BigInteger(result), scale);
return dec;
}
public static Schema getSchemaFor(String str) {
Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser();
Schema schema = parser.parse(str);
return schema;
}
public static Schema getSchemaFor(File file) {
Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser();
Schema schema;
try {
schema = parser.parse(file);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to parse Avro schema from " + file.getName(), e);
}
return schema;
}
public static Schema getSchemaFor(InputStream stream) {
Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser();
Schema schema;
try {
schema = parser.parse(stream);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to parse Avro schema", e);
}
return schema;
}
public static Schema getSchemaFor(URL url) {
InputStream in = null;
try {
in = url.openStream();
return getSchemaFor(in);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to parse Avro schema", e);
} finally {
if (in != null) {
try {
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
}
}
}
/**
* Called on specific alter table events, removes schema url and schema literal from given tblproperties
* After the change, HMS solely will be responsible for handling the schema
*
* @param conf
* @param serializationLib
* @param parameters
*/
public static void handleAlterTableForAvro(HiveConf conf, String serializationLib, Map parameters) {
if (AvroSerDe.class.getName().equals(serializationLib)) {
String literalPropName = AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_LITERAL.getPropName();
String urlPropName = AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_URL.getPropName();
if (parameters.containsKey(literalPropName) || parameters.containsKey(urlPropName)) {
throw new RuntimeException("Not allowed to alter schema of Avro stored table having external schema." +
" Consider removing "+AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_LITERAL.getPropName() + " or " +
AvroTableProperties.SCHEMA_URL.getPropName() + " from table properties.");
}
}
}
}
