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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
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package org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.identifier.DBIdentifier;
import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.identifier.DBIdentifier.DBIdentifierType;
import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.kernel.exps.FilterValue;
import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.schema.Column;
import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.schema.ForeignKey;
import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.schema.Index;
import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.schema.PrimaryKey;
import org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.schema.Table;
import org.apache.openjpa.lib.util.Localizer;
import org.apache.openjpa.lib.util.ReferenceHashSet;
import org.apache.openjpa.lib.util.collections.AbstractReferenceMap;
import org.apache.openjpa.util.StoreException;
import org.apache.openjpa.util.UnsupportedException;

/**
 * Dictionary for Informix database. Notable features:
 * 
    *
  • Informix does not allow pessimistic locking on scrollable result * sets.
  • *
  • SET LOCK MODE TO WAIT N statements are issued to wait on locks. See * {@link #lockWaitSeconds} and {@link #lockModeEnabled}.
  • *
  • LOCK MODE ROW is used by default for table creation to allow the * maximum concurrency.
  • *
*/ public class InformixDictionary extends DBDictionary { public static final String VENDOR_IBM = "ibm"; /** * If true, then we will issue a "SET LOCK MODE TO WAIT N" * statement whenever we create a {@link Connection}, in order * allow waiting on locks. */ public boolean lockModeEnabled = false; /** * If {@link #lockModeEnabled} is true, then this * parameter specifies the number of seconds we will wait to * obtain a lock for inserts and pessimistic locking. */ public int lockWaitSeconds = 30; /** * Informix JDBC metadata for all known drivers returns with the * table catalog and the table schema name swapped. A true * value for this property indicates that they should be reversed. */ public boolean swapSchemaAndCatalog = true; protected boolean useJCC = false; // weak set of connections we've already executed lock mode sql on private final Collection _seenConnections = Collections.synchronizedSet( new ReferenceHashSet(AbstractReferenceMap.ReferenceStrength.WEAK)); public boolean disableRetainUpdateLocksSQL=false; private static final Localizer _loc = Localizer.forPackage (InformixDictionary.class); public InformixDictionary() { platform = "Informix"; validationSQL = "SELECT FIRST 1 CURRENT TIMESTAMP " + "FROM informix.systables"; supportsAutoAssign = true; autoAssignTypeName = "serial"; lastGeneratedKeyQuery = "SELECT FIRST 1 DBINFO('sqlca.sqlerrd1') " + "FROM informix.systables"; // informix actually does support deferred constraints, but not // in the table definition; deferred constraints can be activated by // invoking "set constraints all deferred" on the connection, which // we don't do yet supportsDeferredConstraints = false; constraintNameMode = CONS_NAME_AFTER; // informix supports "CLOB" type, but any attempt to insert // into them raises: "java.sql.SQLException: Can't convert fromnull" useGetStringForClobs = true; longVarcharTypeName = "TEXT"; clobTypeName = "TEXT"; smallintTypeName = "INT8"; tinyintTypeName = "INT8"; floatTypeName = "FLOAT"; bitTypeName = "BOOLEAN"; blobTypeName = "BYTE"; doubleTypeName = "NUMERIC(32,20)"; dateTypeName = "DATE"; timeTypeName = "DATETIME HOUR TO SECOND"; timestampTypeName = "DATETIME YEAR TO FRACTION(3)"; doubleTypeName = "NUMERIC(32,20)"; floatTypeName = "REAL"; bigintTypeName = "NUMERIC(32,0)"; doubleTypeName = "DOUBLE PRECISION"; fixedSizeTypeNameSet.addAll(Arrays.asList(new String[]{ "BYTE", "DOUBLE PRECISION", "INTERVAL", "SMALLFLOAT", "TEXT", "INT8", })); // OpenJPA-2045: NAME has been removed from common reserved words to // only specific dictionaries reservedWordSet.add("NAME"); supportsLockingWithDistinctClause = false; supportsLockingWithMultipleTables = false; supportsLockingWithOrderClause = false; // the informix JDBC drivers have problems with using the // schema name in reflection on columns and tables supportsSchemaForGetColumns = false; supportsSchemaForGetTables = false; // Informix doesn't support aliases in deletes if the table has an index allowsAliasInBulkClause = false; // Informix doesn't understand "X CROSS JOIN Y", but it does understand // the equivalent "X JOIN Y ON 1 = 1" crossJoinClause = "JOIN"; requiresConditionForCrossJoin = true; concatenateFunction = "CONCAT({0},{1})"; nextSequenceQuery = "SELECT {0}.NEXTVAL FROM SYSTABLES WHERE TABID=1"; supportsCorrelatedSubselect = false; swapSchemaAndCatalog = false; // Informix does not support foreign key delete action NULL or DEFAULT supportsNullDeleteAction = false; supportsDefaultDeleteAction = false; trimSchemaName = true; } @Override public void connectedConfiguration(Connection conn) throws SQLException { super.connectedConfiguration(conn); DatabaseMetaData meta = conn.getMetaData(); String driverName = meta.getDriverName(); if (driverName != null) { if (driverName.equals("IBM DB2 JDBC Universal Driver Architecture")) { driverVendor = VENDOR_IBM; useJCC = true; setIdentifierCase(meta); } else if (driverName.equals("IBM Informix JDBC Driver for IBM Informix Dynamic Server")) { setIdentifierCase(meta); driverVendor = VENDOR_IBM; } else if ("Informix".equalsIgnoreCase(driverName)) driverVendor = VENDOR_DATADIRECT; else driverVendor = VENDOR_OTHER; } else driverVendor = VENDOR_OTHER; if (isJDBC3) { conn.setHoldability(ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT); if (log.isTraceEnabled()) log.trace(_loc.get("connection-defaults", new Object[]{ conn.getAutoCommit(), conn.getHoldability(), conn.getTransactionIsolation()})); } } private void setIdentifierCase(DatabaseMetaData meta) { try { // lower case identifiers is the default for the JCC and newer // Informix JDBC drivers if (meta.storesLowerCaseIdentifiers()) { schemaCase = SCHEMA_CASE_LOWER; } else if (meta.storesMixedCaseIdentifiers()) { schemaCase = SCHEMA_CASE_PRESERVE; } // otherwise, use the default (upper) } catch (SQLException e) { getLog().warn("cannot-determine-identifier-base-case"); if (getLog().isTraceEnabled()) { getLog().trace(e.toString(), e); } } } @Override public Column[] getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, String catalog, String schemaName, String tableName, String columnName, Connection conn) throws SQLException { return getColumns(meta, DBIdentifier.newCatalog(catalog), DBIdentifier.newSchema(schemaName),DBIdentifier.newTable(tableName), DBIdentifier.newColumn(columnName), conn); } @Override public Column[] getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn) throws SQLException { Column[] cols = super.getColumns(meta, catalog, schemaName, tableName, columnName, conn); // treat logvarchar as clob for (int i = 0; cols != null && i < cols.length; i++) if (cols[i].getType() == Types.LONGVARCHAR) cols[i].setType(Types.CLOB); return cols; } @Override public Column newColumn(ResultSet colMeta) throws SQLException { Column col = super.newColumn(colMeta); if (swapSchemaAndCatalog) col.setSchemaIdentifier(fromDBName(colMeta.getString("TABLE_CAT"), DBIdentifierType.CATALOG)); return col; } @Override public PrimaryKey newPrimaryKey(ResultSet pkMeta) throws SQLException { PrimaryKey pk = super.newPrimaryKey(pkMeta); if (swapSchemaAndCatalog) pk.setSchemaIdentifier(fromDBName(pkMeta.getString("TABLE_CAT"), DBIdentifierType.CATALOG)); return pk; } @Override public Index newIndex(ResultSet idxMeta) throws SQLException { Index idx = super.newIndex(idxMeta); if (swapSchemaAndCatalog) idx.setSchemaIdentifier(fromDBName(idxMeta.getString("TABLE_CAT"), DBIdentifierType.CATALOG)); return idx; } @Override public void setBoolean(PreparedStatement stmnt, int idx, boolean val, Column col) throws SQLException { // informix actually requires that a boolean be set: it cannot // handle a numeric argument stmnt.setString(idx, val ? "t" : "f"); } @Override public String[] getCreateTableSQL(Table table) { String[] create = super.getCreateTableSQL(table); create[0] = create[0] + " LOCK MODE ROW"; return create; } @Override public String[] getAddPrimaryKeySQL(PrimaryKey pk) { String pksql = getPrimaryKeyConstraintSQL(pk); if (pksql == null) return new String[0]; return new String[]{ "ALTER TABLE " + getFullName(pk.getTable(), false) + " ADD CONSTRAINT " + pksql }; } @Override public String[] getAddForeignKeySQL(ForeignKey fk) { String fksql = getForeignKeyConstraintSQL(fk); if (fksql == null) return new String[0]; return new String[]{ "ALTER TABLE " + getFullName(fk.getTable(), false) + " ADD CONSTRAINT " + fksql }; } @Override public boolean supportsRandomAccessResultSet(Select sel, boolean forUpdate) { return !forUpdate && !sel.isLob() && super.supportsRandomAccessResultSet(sel, forUpdate); } @Override public Connection decorate(Connection conn) throws SQLException { conn = super.decorate(conn); if (isJDBC3 && conn.getHoldability() != ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT) { conn.setHoldability(ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT); if (log.isTraceEnabled()) { log.trace(_loc.get("connection-defaults", new Object[]{ conn.getAutoCommit(), conn.getHoldability(), conn.getTransactionIsolation()})); } } // if we haven't already done so, initialize the lock mode of the // connection if (_seenConnections.add(conn)) { if (lockModeEnabled) { String sql = "SET LOCK MODE TO WAIT"; if (lockWaitSeconds > 0) sql = sql + " " + lockWaitSeconds; execute(sql, conn, true); } if (!disableRetainUpdateLocksSQL){ String sql = "SET ENVIRONMENT RETAINUPDATELOCKS 'ALL'"; execute(sql, conn, false); } } // the datadirect driver requires that we issue a rollback before using // each connection if (VENDOR_DATADIRECT.equalsIgnoreCase(driverVendor)) try { conn.rollback(); } catch (SQLException se) { } return conn; } private void execute(String sql, Connection conn, boolean throwExc) { Statement stmnt = null; try { stmnt = conn.createStatement(); stmnt.executeUpdate(sql); } catch (SQLException se) { if (throwExc) throw SQLExceptions.getStore(se, this); else { if (log.isTraceEnabled()) log.trace(_loc.get("can-not-execute", sql)); } } finally { if (stmnt != null) try { stmnt.close(); } catch (SQLException se) { } } } @Override public void indexOf(SQLBuffer buf, FilterValue str, FilterValue find, FilterValue start) { throw new UnsupportedException(_loc.get("function-not-supported", getClass(), "LOCATE")); } @Override public boolean needsToCreateIndex(Index idx, Table table) { // Informix will automatically create a unique index for the // primary key, so don't create another index again PrimaryKey pk = table.getPrimaryKey(); if (pk != null && idx.columnsMatch(pk.getColumns())) return false; return true; } public boolean useJCC() { return useJCC; } /** * Return DB specific schemaCase */ @Override public String getSchemaCase(){ return schemaCase; } @Override public boolean isFatalException(int subtype, SQLException ex) { // SQL State of IX000 is a general purpose Informix error code // category, so only return Boolean.TRUE if we match SQL Codes // recoverable = Boolean.FALSE; if ((subtype == StoreException.LOCK && checkNestedErrorCodes(ex, "IX000", -154)) ||(subtype == StoreException.QUERY && ex.getErrorCode() == -213)) { return false; } return super.isFatalException(subtype, ex); } /** * Specialized matchErrorState method for Informix. Informix exceptions are * typically nested multiple levels deep. Correct determination of the exception type requires * inspection of nested exceptions to determine the root cause. A list of Informix (IDS v10) error codes * can be found here: * * http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.em.doc/errors_ids100.html * * @param errorStates classification of SQL error states by their specific nature. The keys of the * map represent one of the constants defined in {@link StoreException}. The value corresponding to * a key represent the set of SQL Error States representing specific category of database error. * This supplied map is sourced from sql-error-state-codes.xml and filtered the * error states for the current database. * * @param ex original SQL Exception as raised by the database driver. * * @return A constant indicating the category of error as defined in {@link StoreException}. */ @Override protected int matchErrorState(Map> errorStates, SQLException ex) { // Informix SQLState IX000 is a general SQLState that applies to many possible conditions // If the underlying cause is also an IX000 with error code: // -107 ISAM error: record is locked. || -154 ISAM error: Lock Timeout Expired. // the exception type is LOCK. if (checkNestedErrorCodes(ex, "IX000", -107, -154)) { return StoreException.LOCK; } return super.matchErrorState(errorStates, ex); } private boolean checkNestedErrorCodes(SQLException ex, String sqlState, int...errorCodes) { SQLException cause = ex; int level = 0; // Query at most 5 exceptions deep to prevent infinite iteration exception loops // Typically, the root exception is at level 3. while (cause != null && level < 5) { String errorState = cause.getSQLState(); if (sqlState == null || sqlState.equals(errorState)) { for (int ec : errorCodes) { if (cause.getErrorCode() == ec) { return true; } } } cause = cause.getNextException(); level++; } return false; } }




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