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// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html#License
/**
 *******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2016, International Business Machines Corporation and
 * others. All Rights Reserved.
 *******************************************************************************
 */
package com.ibm.icu.impl;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.EventListener;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedMap;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale;
import com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale.Category;

/**
 * 

A Service provides access to service objects that implement a * particular service, e.g. transliterators. Users provide a String * id (for example, a locale string) to the service, and get back an * object for that id. Service objects can be any kind of object. * The service object is cached and returned for later queries, so * generally it should not be mutable, or the caller should clone the * object before modifying it.

* *

Services 'canonicalize' the query id and use the canonical id to * query for the service. The service also defines a mechanism to * 'fallback' the id multiple times. Clients can optionally request * the actual id that was matched by a query when they use an id to * retrieve a service object.

* *

Service objects are instantiated by Factory objects registered with * the service. The service queries each Factory in turn, from most recently * registered to earliest registered, until one returns a service object. * If none responds with a service object, a fallback id is generated, * and the process repeats until a service object is returned or until * the id has no further fallbacks.

* *

Factories can be dynamically registered and unregistered with the * service. When registered, a Factory is installed at the head of * the factory list, and so gets 'first crack' at any keys or fallback * keys. When unregistered, it is removed from the service and can no * longer be located through it. Service objects generated by this * factory and held by the client are unaffected.

* *

ICUService uses Keys to query factories and perform * fallback. The Key defines the canonical form of the id, and * implements the fallback strategy. Custom Keys can be defined that * parse complex IDs into components that Factories can more easily * use. The Key can cache the results of this parsing to save * repeated effort. ICUService provides convenience APIs that * take Strings and generate default Keys for use in querying.

* *

ICUService provides API to get the list of ids publicly * supported by the service (although queries aren't restricted to * this list). This list contains only 'simple' IDs, and not fully * unique ids. Factories are associated with each simple ID and * the responsible factory can also return a human-readable localized * version of the simple ID, for use in user interfaces. ICUService * can also provide a sorted collection of the all the localized visible * ids.

* *

ICUService implements ICUNotifier, so that clients can register * to receive notification when factories are added or removed from * the service. ICUService provides a default EventListener subinterface, * ServiceListener, which can be registered with the service. When * the service changes, the ServiceListener's serviceChanged method * is called, with the service as the only argument.

* *

The ICUService API is both rich and generic, and it is expected * that most implementations will statically 'wrap' ICUService to * present a more appropriate API-- for example, to declare the type * of the objects returned from get, to limit the factories that can * be registered with the service, or to define their own listener * interface with a custom callback method. They might also customize * ICUService by overriding it, for example, to customize the Key and * fallback strategy. ICULocaleService is a customized service that * uses Locale names as ids and uses Keys that implement the standard * resource bundle fallback strategy.

*/ public class ICUService extends ICUNotifier { /** * Name used for debugging. */ protected final String name; /** * Constructor. */ public ICUService() { name = ""; } private static final boolean DEBUG = ICUDebug.enabled("service"); /** * Construct with a name (useful for debugging). */ public ICUService(String name) { this.name = name; } /** * Access to factories is protected by a read-write lock. This is * to allow multiple threads to read concurrently, but keep * changes to the factory list atomic with respect to all readers. */ private final ICURWLock factoryLock = new ICURWLock(); /** * All the factories registered with this service. */ private final List factories = new ArrayList(); /** * Record the default number of factories for this service. * Can be set by markDefault. */ private int defaultSize = 0; /** * Keys are used to communicate with factories to generate an * instance of the service. Keys define how ids are * canonicalized, provide both a current id and a current * descriptor to use in querying the cache and factories, and * determine the fallback strategy.

* *

Keys provide both a currentDescriptor and a currentID. * The descriptor contains an optional prefix, followed by '/' * and the currentID. Factories that handle complex keys, * for example number format factories that generate multiple * kinds of formatters for the same locale, use the descriptor * to provide a fully unique identifier for the service object, * while using the currentID (in this case, the locale string), * as the visible IDs that can be localized. * *

The default implementation of Key has no fallbacks and * has no custom descriptors.

*/ public static class Key { private final String id; /** * Construct a key from an id. */ public Key(String id) { this.id = id; } /** * Return the original ID used to construct this key. */ public final String id() { return id; } /** * Return the canonical version of the original ID. This implementation * returns the original ID unchanged. */ public String canonicalID() { return id; } /** * Return the (canonical) current ID. This implementation * returns the canonical ID. */ public String currentID() { return canonicalID(); } /** * Return the current descriptor. This implementation returns * the current ID. The current descriptor is used to fully * identify an instance of the service in the cache. A * factory may handle all descriptors for an ID, or just a * particular descriptor. The factory can either parse the * descriptor or use custom API on the key in order to * instantiate the service. */ public String currentDescriptor() { return "/" + currentID(); } /** * If the key has a fallback, modify the key and return true, * otherwise return false. The current ID will change if there * is a fallback. No currentIDs should be repeated, and fallback * must eventually return false. This implmentation has no fallbacks * and always returns false. */ public boolean fallback() { return false; } /** * If a key created from id would eventually fallback to match the * canonical ID of this key, return true. */ public boolean isFallbackOf(String idToCheck) { return canonicalID().equals(idToCheck); } } /** * Factories generate the service objects maintained by the * service. A factory generates a service object from a key, * updates id->factory mappings, and returns the display name for * a supported id. */ public static interface Factory { /** * Create a service object from the key, if this factory * supports the key. Otherwise, return null. * *

If the factory supports the key, then it can call * the service's getKey(Key, String[], Factory) method * passing itself as the factory to get the object that * the service would have created prior to the factory's * registration with the service. This can change the * key, so any information required from the key should * be extracted before making such a callback. */ public Object create(Key key, ICUService service); /** * Update the result IDs (not descriptors) to reflect the IDs * this factory handles. This function and getDisplayName are * used to support ICUService.getDisplayNames. Basically, the * factory has to determine which IDs it will permit to be * available, and of those, which it will provide localized * display names for. In most cases this reflects the IDs that * the factory directly supports. */ public void updateVisibleIDs(Map result); /** * Return the display name for this id in the provided locale. * This is an localized id, not a descriptor. If the id is * not visible or not defined by the factory, return null. * If locale is null, return id unchanged. */ public String getDisplayName(String id, ULocale locale); } /** * A default implementation of factory. This provides default * implementations for subclasses, and implements a singleton * factory that matches a single id and returns a single * (possibly deferred-initialized) instance. This implements * updateVisibleIDs to add a mapping from its ID to itself * if visible is true, or to remove any existing mapping * for its ID if visible is false. */ public static class SimpleFactory implements Factory { protected Object instance; protected String id; protected boolean visible; /** * Convenience constructor that calls SimpleFactory(Object, String, boolean) * with visible true. */ public SimpleFactory(Object instance, String id) { this(instance, id, true); } /** * Construct a simple factory that maps a single id to a single * service instance. If visible is true, the id will be visible. * Neither the instance nor the id can be null. */ public SimpleFactory(Object instance, String id, boolean visible) { if (instance == null || id == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Instance or id is null"); } this.instance = instance; this.id = id; this.visible = visible; } /** * Return the service instance if the factory's id is equal to * the key's currentID. Service is ignored. */ @Override public Object create(Key key, ICUService service) { if (id.equals(key.currentID())) { return instance; } return null; } /** * If visible, adds a mapping from id -> this to the result, * otherwise removes id from result. */ @Override public void updateVisibleIDs(Map result) { if (visible) { result.put(id, this); } else { result.remove(id); } } /** * If this.id equals id, returns id regardless of locale, * otherwise returns null. (This default implementation has * no localized id information.) */ @Override public String getDisplayName(String identifier, ULocale locale) { return (visible && id.equals(identifier)) ? identifier : null; } /** * For debugging. */ @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(super.toString()); buf.append(", id: "); buf.append(id); buf.append(", visible: "); buf.append(visible); return buf.toString(); } } /** * Convenience override for get(String, String[]). This uses * createKey to create a key for the provided descriptor. */ public Object get(String descriptor) { return getKey(createKey(descriptor), null); } /** * Convenience override for get(Key, String[]). This uses * createKey to create a key from the provided descriptor. */ public Object get(String descriptor, String[] actualReturn) { if (descriptor == null) { throw new NullPointerException("descriptor must not be null"); } return getKey(createKey(descriptor), actualReturn); } /** * Convenience override for get(Key, String[]). */ public Object getKey(Key key) { return getKey(key, null); } /** *

Given a key, return a service object, and, if actualReturn * is not null, the descriptor with which it was found in the * first element of actualReturn. If no service object matches * this key, return null, and leave actualReturn unchanged.

* *

This queries the cache using the key's descriptor, and if no * object in the cache matches it, tries the key on each * registered factory, in order. If none generates a service * object for the key, repeats the process with each fallback of * the key, until either one returns a service object, or the key * has no fallback.

* *

If key is null, just returns null.

*/ public Object getKey(Key key, String[] actualReturn) { return getKey(key, actualReturn, null); } // debugging // Map hardRef; public Object getKey(Key key, String[] actualReturn, Factory factory) { if (factories.size() == 0) { return handleDefault(key, actualReturn); } if (DEBUG) System.out.println("Service: " + name + " key: " + key.canonicalID()); CacheEntry result = null; if (key != null) { try { // The factory list can't be modified until we're done, // otherwise we might update the cache with an invalid result. // The cache has to stay in synch with the factory list. factoryLock.acquireRead(); Map cache = this.cache; // copy so we don't need to sync on this if (cache == null) { if (DEBUG) System.out.println("Service " + name + " cache was empty"); // synchronized since additions and queries on the cache must be atomic // they can be interleaved, though cache = new ConcurrentHashMap(); } String currentDescriptor = null; ArrayList cacheDescriptorList = null; boolean putInCache = false; int NDebug = 0; int startIndex = 0; int limit = factories.size(); boolean cacheResult = true; if (factory != null) { for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) { if (factory == factories.get(i)) { startIndex = i + 1; break; } } if (startIndex == 0) { throw new IllegalStateException("Factory " + factory + "not registered with service: " + this); } cacheResult = false; } outer: do { currentDescriptor = key.currentDescriptor(); if (DEBUG) System.out.println(name + "[" + NDebug++ + "] looking for: " + currentDescriptor); result = cache.get(currentDescriptor); if (result != null) { if (DEBUG) System.out.println(name + " found with descriptor: " + currentDescriptor); break outer; } else { if (DEBUG) System.out.println("did not find: " + currentDescriptor + " in cache"); } // first test of cache failed, so we'll have to update // the cache if we eventually succeed-- that is, if we're // going to update the cache at all. putInCache = cacheResult; // int n = 0; int index = startIndex; while (index < limit) { Factory f = factories.get(index++); if (DEBUG) System.out.println("trying factory[" + (index-1) + "] " + f.toString()); Object service = f.create(key, this); if (service != null) { result = new CacheEntry(currentDescriptor, service); if (DEBUG) System.out.println(name + " factory supported: " + currentDescriptor + ", caching"); break outer; } else { if (DEBUG) System.out.println("factory did not support: " + currentDescriptor); } } // prepare to load the cache with all additional ids that // will resolve to result, assuming we'll succeed. We // don't want to keep querying on an id that's going to // fallback to the one that succeeded, we want to hit the // cache the first time next goaround. if (cacheDescriptorList == null) { cacheDescriptorList = new ArrayList(5); } cacheDescriptorList.add(currentDescriptor); } while (key.fallback()); if (result != null) { if (putInCache) { if (DEBUG) System.out.println("caching '" + result.actualDescriptor + "'"); cache.put(result.actualDescriptor, result); if (cacheDescriptorList != null) { for (String desc : cacheDescriptorList) { if (DEBUG) System.out.println(name + " adding descriptor: '" + desc + "' for actual: '" + result.actualDescriptor + "'"); cache.put(desc, result); } } // Atomic update. We held the read lock all this time // so we know our cache is consistent with the factory list. // We might stomp over a cache that some other thread // rebuilt, but that's the breaks. They're both good. this.cache = cache; } if (actualReturn != null) { // strip null prefix if (result.actualDescriptor.indexOf("/") == 0) { actualReturn[0] = result.actualDescriptor.substring(1); } else { actualReturn[0] = result.actualDescriptor; } } if (DEBUG) System.out.println("found in service: " + name); return result.service; } } finally { factoryLock.releaseRead(); } } if (DEBUG) System.out.println("not found in service: " + name); return handleDefault(key, actualReturn); } private Map cache; // Record the actual id for this service in the cache, so we can return it // even if we succeed later with a different id. private static final class CacheEntry { final String actualDescriptor; final Object service; CacheEntry(String actualDescriptor, Object service) { this.actualDescriptor = actualDescriptor; this.service = service; } } /** * Default handler for this service if no factory in the list * handled the key. */ protected Object handleDefault(Key key, String[] actualIDReturn) { return null; } /** * Convenience override for getVisibleIDs(String) that passes null * as the fallback, thus returning all visible IDs. */ public Set getVisibleIDs() { return getVisibleIDs(null); } /** *

Return a snapshot of the visible IDs for this service. This * set will not change as Factories are added or removed, but the * supported ids will, so there is no guarantee that all and only * the ids in the returned set are visible and supported by the * service in subsequent calls.

* *

matchID is passed to createKey to create a key. If the * key is not null, it is used to filter out ids that don't have * the key as a fallback. */ public Set getVisibleIDs(String matchID) { Set result = getVisibleIDMap().keySet(); Key fallbackKey = createKey(matchID); if (fallbackKey != null) { Set temp = new HashSet(result.size()); for (String id : result) { if (fallbackKey.isFallbackOf(id)) { temp.add(id); } } result = temp; } return result; } /** * Return a map from visible ids to factories. */ private Map getVisibleIDMap() { synchronized (this) { // or idcache-only lock? if (idcache == null) { try { factoryLock.acquireRead(); Map mutableMap = new HashMap(); ListIterator lIter = factories.listIterator(factories.size()); while (lIter.hasPrevious()) { Factory f = lIter.previous(); f.updateVisibleIDs(mutableMap); } this.idcache = Collections.unmodifiableMap(mutableMap); } finally { factoryLock.releaseRead(); } } } return idcache; } private Map idcache; /** * Convenience override for getDisplayName(String, ULocale) that * uses the current default locale. */ public String getDisplayName(String id) { return getDisplayName(id, ULocale.getDefault(Category.DISPLAY)); } /** * Given a visible id, return the display name in the requested locale. * If there is no directly supported id corresponding to this id, return * null. */ public String getDisplayName(String id, ULocale locale) { Map m = getVisibleIDMap(); Factory f = m.get(id); if (f != null) { return f.getDisplayName(id, locale); } Key key = createKey(id); while (key.fallback()) { f = m.get(key.currentID()); if (f != null) { return f.getDisplayName(id, locale); } } return null; } /** * Convenience override of getDisplayNames(ULocale, Comparator, String) that * uses the current default Locale as the locale, null as * the comparator, and null for the matchID. */ public SortedMap getDisplayNames() { ULocale locale = ULocale.getDefault(Category.DISPLAY); return getDisplayNames(locale, null, null); } /** * Convenience override of getDisplayNames(ULocale, Comparator, String) that * uses null for the comparator, and null for the matchID. */ public SortedMap getDisplayNames(ULocale locale) { return getDisplayNames(locale, null, null); } /** * Convenience override of getDisplayNames(ULocale, Comparator, String) that * uses null for the matchID, thus returning all display names. */ public SortedMap getDisplayNames(ULocale locale, Comparator com) { return getDisplayNames(locale, com, null); } /** * Convenience override of getDisplayNames(ULocale, Comparator, String) that * uses null for the comparator. */ public SortedMap getDisplayNames(ULocale locale, String matchID) { return getDisplayNames(locale, null, matchID); } /** * Return a snapshot of the mapping from display names to visible * IDs for this service. This set will not change as factories * are added or removed, but the supported ids will, so there is * no guarantee that all and only the ids in the returned map will * be visible and supported by the service in subsequent calls, * nor is there any guarantee that the current display names match * those in the set. The display names are sorted based on the * comparator provided. */ public SortedMap getDisplayNames(ULocale locale, Comparator com, String matchID) { SortedMap dncache = null; LocaleRef ref = dnref; if (ref != null) { dncache = ref.get(locale, com); } while (dncache == null) { synchronized (this) { if (ref == dnref || dnref == null) { dncache = new TreeMap(com); // sorted Map m = getVisibleIDMap(); Iterator> ei = m.entrySet().iterator(); while (ei.hasNext()) { Entry e = ei.next(); String id = e.getKey(); Factory f = e.getValue(); dncache.put(f.getDisplayName(id, locale), id); } dncache = Collections.unmodifiableSortedMap(dncache); dnref = new LocaleRef(dncache, locale, com); } else { ref = dnref; dncache = ref.get(locale, com); } } } Key matchKey = createKey(matchID); if (matchKey == null) { return dncache; } SortedMap result = new TreeMap(dncache); Iterator> iter = result.entrySet().iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Entry e = iter.next(); if (!matchKey.isFallbackOf(e.getValue())) { iter.remove(); } } return result; } // we define a class so we get atomic simultaneous access to the // locale, comparator, and corresponding map. private static class LocaleRef { private final ULocale locale; private SortedMap dnCache; private Comparator com; LocaleRef(SortedMap dnCache, ULocale locale, Comparator com) { this.locale = locale; this.com = com; this.dnCache = dnCache; } SortedMap get(ULocale loc, Comparator comp) { SortedMap m = dnCache; if (m != null && this.locale.equals(loc) && (this.com == comp || (this.com != null && this.com.equals(comp)))) { return m; } return null; } } private LocaleRef dnref; /** * Return a snapshot of the currently registered factories. There * is no guarantee that the list will still match the current * factory list of the service subsequent to this call. */ public final List factories() { try { factoryLock.acquireRead(); return new ArrayList(factories); } finally{ factoryLock.releaseRead(); } } /** * A convenience override of registerObject(Object, String, boolean) * that defaults visible to true. */ public Factory registerObject(Object obj, String id) { return registerObject(obj, id, true); } /** * Register an object with the provided id. The id will be * canonicalized. The canonicalized ID will be returned by * getVisibleIDs if visible is true. */ public Factory registerObject(Object obj, String id, boolean visible) { String canonicalID = createKey(id).canonicalID(); return registerFactory(new SimpleFactory(obj, canonicalID, visible)); } /** * Register a Factory. Returns the factory if the service accepts * the factory, otherwise returns null. The default implementation * accepts all factories. */ public final Factory registerFactory(Factory factory) { if (factory == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } try { factoryLock.acquireWrite(); factories.add(0, factory); clearCaches(); } finally { factoryLock.releaseWrite(); } notifyChanged(); return factory; } /** * Unregister a factory. The first matching registered factory will * be removed from the list. Returns true if a matching factory was * removed. */ public final boolean unregisterFactory(Factory factory) { if (factory == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } boolean result = false; try { factoryLock.acquireWrite(); if (factories.remove(factory)) { result = true; clearCaches(); } } finally { factoryLock.releaseWrite(); } if (result) { notifyChanged(); } return result; } /** * Reset the service to the default factories. The factory * lock is acquired and then reInitializeFactories is called. */ public final void reset() { try { factoryLock.acquireWrite(); reInitializeFactories(); clearCaches(); } finally { factoryLock.releaseWrite(); } notifyChanged(); } /** * Reinitialize the factory list to its default state. By default * this clears the list. Subclasses can override to provide other * default initialization of the factory list. Subclasses must * not call this method directly, as it must only be called while * holding write access to the factory list. */ protected void reInitializeFactories() { factories.clear(); } /** * Return true if the service is in its default state. The default * implementation returns true if there are no factories registered. */ public boolean isDefault() { return factories.size() == defaultSize; } /** * Set the default size to the current number of registered factories. * Used by subclasses to customize the behavior of isDefault. */ protected void markDefault() { defaultSize = factories.size(); } /** * Create a key from an id. This creates a Key instance. * Subclasses can override to define more useful keys appropriate * to the factories they accept. If id is null, returns null. */ public Key createKey(String id) { return id == null ? null : new Key(id); } /** * Clear caches maintained by this service. Subclasses can * override if they implement additional that need to be cleared * when the service changes. Subclasses should generally not call * this method directly, as it must only be called while * synchronized on this. */ protected void clearCaches() { // we don't synchronize on these because methods that use them // copy before use, and check for changes if they modify the // caches. cache = null; idcache = null; dnref = null; } /** * Clears only the service cache. * This can be called by subclasses when a change affects the service * cache but not the id caches, e.g., when the default locale changes * the resolution of ids changes, but not the visible ids themselves. */ protected void clearServiceCache() { cache = null; } /** * ServiceListener is the listener that ICUService provides by default. * ICUService will notifiy this listener when factories are added to * or removed from the service. Subclasses can provide * different listener interfaces that extend EventListener, and modify * acceptsListener and notifyListener as appropriate. */ public static interface ServiceListener extends EventListener { public void serviceChanged(ICUService service); } /** * Return true if the listener is accepted; by default this * requires a ServiceListener. Subclasses can override to accept * different listeners. */ @Override protected boolean acceptsListener(EventListener l) { return l instanceof ServiceListener; } /** * Notify the listener, which by default is a ServiceListener. * Subclasses can override to use a different listener. */ @Override protected void notifyListener(EventListener l) { ((ServiceListener)l).serviceChanged(this); } /** * When the statistics for this service is already enabled, * return the log and resets he statistics. * When the statistics is not enabled, this method enable * the statistics. Used for debugging purposes. */ public String stats() { ICURWLock.Stats stats = factoryLock.resetStats(); if (stats != null) { return stats.toString(); } return "no stats"; } /** * Return the name of this service. This will be the empty string if none was assigned. */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * Returns the result of super.toString, appending the name in curly braces. */ @Override public String toString() { return super.toString() + "{" + name + "}"; } }