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Geb (pronounced "jeb") is a browser automation solution. It brings together the power of WebDriver, the elegance of jQuery content selection, the robustness of Page Object modelling and the expressiveness of the Groovy language.
package geb.report;
import java.util.Arrays;
/** A very fast and memory efficient class to encode and decode to and from BASE64 in full accordance
* with RFC 2045.
* On Windows XP sp1 with 1.4.2_04 and later ;), this encoder and decoder is about 10 times faster
* on small arrays (10 - 1000 bytes) and 2-3 times as fast on larger arrays (10000 - 1000000 bytes)
* compared to sun.misc.Encoder()/Decoder().
*
* On byte arrays the encoder is about 20% faster than Jakarta Commons Base64 Codec for encode and
* about 50% faster for decoding large arrays. This implementation is about twice as fast on very small
* arrays (< 30 bytes). If source/destination is a String this
* version is about three times as fast due to the fact that the Commons Codec result has to be recoded
* to a String from byte[], which is very expensive.
*
* This encode/decode algorithm doesn't create any temporary arrays as many other codecs do, it only
* allocates the resulting array. This produces less garbage and it is possible to handle arrays twice
* as large as algorithms that create a temporary array. (E.g. Jakarta Commons Codec). It is unknown
* whether Sun's sun.misc.Encoder()/Decoder() produce temporary arrays but since performance
* is quite low it probably does.
*
* The encoder produces the same output as the Sun one except that the Sun's encoder appends
* a trailing line separator if the last character isn't a pad. Unclear why but it only adds to the
* length and is probably a side effect. Both are in conformance with RFC 2045 though.
* Commons codec seem to always att a trailing line separator.
*
* Note!
* The encode/decode method pairs (types) come in three versions with the exact same algorithm and
* thus a lot of code redundancy. This is to not create any temporary arrays for transcoding to/from different
* format types. The methods not used can simply be commented out.
*
* There is also a "fast" version of all decode methods that works the same way as the normal ones, but
* har a few demands on the decoded input. Normally though, these fast verions should be used if the source if
* the input is known and it hasn't bee tampered with.
*
* If you find the code useful or you find a bug, please send me a note at base64 @ miginfocom . com.
*
* Licence (BSD):
* ==============
*
* Copyright (c) 2004, Mikael Grev, MiG InfoCom AB. (base64 @ miginfocom . com)
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list
* of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
* materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of the MiG InfoCom AB nor the names of its contributors may be
* used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
* prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
* INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA,
* OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
* OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @version 2.2
* @author Mikael Grev
* Date: 2004-aug-02
* Time: 11:31:11
*/
public class Base64
{
private static final char[] CA = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".toCharArray();
private static final int[] IA = new int[256];
static {
Arrays.fill(IA, -1);
for (int i = 0, iS = CA.length; i < iS; i++)
IA[CA[i]] = i;
IA['='] = 0;
}
// ****************************************************************************************
// * char[] version
// ****************************************************************************************
/** Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 char[] representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
* @param sArr The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.
* @param lineSep Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
* No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a
* little faster.
* @return A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.
*/
public final static char[] encodeToChar(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = sArr != null ? sArr.length : 0;
if (sLen == 0)
return new char[0];
int eLen = (sLen / 3) * 3; // Length of even 24-bits.
int cCnt = ((sLen - 1) / 3 + 1) << 2; // Returned character count
int dLen = cCnt + (lineSep ? (cCnt - 1) / 76 << 1 : 0); // Length of returned array
char[] dArr = new char[dLen];
// Encode even 24-bits
for (int s = 0, d = 0, cc = 0; s < eLen;) {
// Copy next three bytes into lower 24 bits of int, paying attension to sign.
int i = (sArr[s++] & 0xff) << 16 | (sArr[s++] & 0xff) << 8 | (sArr[s++] & 0xff);
// Encode the int into four chars
dArr[d++] = CA[(i >>> 18) & 0x3f];
dArr[d++] = CA[(i >>> 12) & 0x3f];
dArr[d++] = CA[(i >>> 6) & 0x3f];
dArr[d++] = CA[i & 0x3f];
// Add optional line separator
if (lineSep && ++cc == 19 && d < dLen - 2) {
dArr[d++] = '\r';
dArr[d++] = '\n';
cc = 0;
}
}
// Pad and encode last bits if source isn't even 24 bits.
int left = sLen - eLen; // 0 - 2.
if (left > 0) {
// Prepare the int
int i = ((sArr[eLen] & 0xff) << 10) | (left == 2 ? ((sArr[sLen - 1] & 0xff) << 2) : 0);
// Set last four chars
dArr[dLen - 4] = CA[i >> 12];
dArr[dLen - 3] = CA[(i >>> 6) & 0x3f];
dArr[dLen - 2] = left == 2 ? CA[i & 0x3f] : '=';
dArr[dLen - 1] = '=';
}
return dArr;
}
/** Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both arrays with
* and without line separators.
* @param sArr The source array. null or length 0 will return an empty array.
* @return The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0. Will be null if the legal characters
* (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).
*/
public final static byte[] decode(char[] sArr)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = sArr != null ? sArr.length : 0;
if (sLen == 0)
return new byte[0];
// Count illegal characters (including '\r', '\n') to know what size the returned array will be,
// so we don't have to reallocate & copy it later.
int sepCnt = 0; // Number of separator characters. (Actually illegal characters, but that's a bonus[])
for (int i = 0; i < sLen; i++) // If input is "pure" (I.e. no line separators or illegal chars) base64 this loop can be commented out.
if (IA[sArr[i]] < 0)
sepCnt++;
// Check so that legal chars (including '=') are evenly divideable by 4 as specified in RFC 2045.
if ((sLen - sepCnt) % 4 != 0)
return null;
int pad = 0;
for (int i = sLen; i > 1 && IA[sArr[--i]] <= 0;)
if (sArr[i] == '=')
pad++;
int len = ((sLen - sepCnt) * 6 >> 3) - pad;
byte[] dArr = new byte[len]; // Preallocate byte[] of exact length
for (int s = 0, d = 0; d < len;) {
// Assemble three bytes into an int from four "valid" characters.
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { // j only increased if a valid char was found.
int c = IA[sArr[s++]];
if (c >= 0)
i |= c << (18 - j * 6);
else
j--;
}
// Add the bytes
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 16);
if (d < len) {
dArr[d++]= (byte) (i >> 8);
if (d < len)
dArr[d++] = (byte) i;
}
}
return dArr;
}
/** Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as
* fast as {@link #decode(char[])}. The preconditions are:
* + The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
* + Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045
* + The array must not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
* + The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.
* @param sArr The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
* @return The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.
*/
public final static byte[] decodeFast(char[] sArr)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = sArr.length;
if (sLen == 0)
return new byte[0];
int sIx = 0, eIx = sLen - 1; // Start and end index after trimming.
// Trim illegal chars from start
while (sIx < eIx && IA[sArr[sIx]] < 0)
sIx++;
// Trim illegal chars from end
while (eIx > 0 && IA[sArr[eIx]] < 0)
eIx--;
// get the padding count (=) (0, 1 or 2)
int pad = sArr[eIx] == '=' ? (sArr[eIx - 1] == '=' ? 2 : 1) : 0; // Count '=' at end.
int cCnt = eIx - sIx + 1; // Content count including possible separators
int sepCnt = sLen > 76 ? (sArr[76] == '\r' ? cCnt / 78 : 0) << 1 : 0;
int len = ((cCnt - sepCnt) * 6 >> 3) - pad; // The number of decoded bytes
byte[] dArr = new byte[len]; // Preallocate byte[] of exact length
// Decode all but the last 0 - 2 bytes.
int d = 0;
for (int cc = 0, eLen = (len / 3) * 3; d < eLen;) {
// Assemble three bytes into an int from four "valid" characters.
int i = IA[sArr[sIx++]] << 18 | IA[sArr[sIx++]] << 12 | IA[sArr[sIx++]] << 6 | IA[sArr[sIx++]];
// Add the bytes
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 16);
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 8);
dArr[d++] = (byte) i;
// If line separator, jump over it.
if (sepCnt > 0 && ++cc == 19) {
sIx += 2;
cc = 0;
}
}
if (d < len) {
// Decode last 1-3 bytes (incl '=') into 1-3 bytes
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; sIx <= eIx - pad; j++)
i |= IA[sArr[sIx++]] << (18 - j * 6);
for (int r = 16; d < len; r -= 8)
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> r);
}
return dArr;
}
// ****************************************************************************************
// * byte[] version
// ****************************************************************************************
/** Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 byte[] representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
* @param sArr The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.
* @param lineSep Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
* No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a
* little faster.
* @return A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.
*/
public final static byte[] encodeToByte(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = sArr != null ? sArr.length : 0;
if (sLen == 0)
return new byte[0];
int eLen = (sLen / 3) * 3; // Length of even 24-bits.
int cCnt = ((sLen - 1) / 3 + 1) << 2; // Returned character count
int dLen = cCnt + (lineSep ? (cCnt - 1) / 76 << 1 : 0); // Length of returned array
byte[] dArr = new byte[dLen];
// Encode even 24-bits
for (int s = 0, d = 0, cc = 0; s < eLen;) {
// Copy next three bytes into lower 24 bits of int, paying attension to sign.
int i = (sArr[s++] & 0xff) << 16 | (sArr[s++] & 0xff) << 8 | (sArr[s++] & 0xff);
// Encode the int into four chars
dArr[d++] = (byte) CA[(i >>> 18) & 0x3f];
dArr[d++] = (byte) CA[(i >>> 12) & 0x3f];
dArr[d++] = (byte) CA[(i >>> 6) & 0x3f];
dArr[d++] = (byte) CA[i & 0x3f];
// Add optional line separator
if (lineSep && ++cc == 19 && d < dLen - 2) {
dArr[d++] = '\r';
dArr[d++] = '\n';
cc = 0;
}
}
// Pad and encode last bits if source isn't an even 24 bits.
int left = sLen - eLen; // 0 - 2.
if (left > 0) {
// Prepare the int
int i = ((sArr[eLen] & 0xff) << 10) | (left == 2 ? ((sArr[sLen - 1] & 0xff) << 2) : 0);
// Set last four chars
dArr[dLen - 4] = (byte) CA[i >> 12];
dArr[dLen - 3] = (byte) CA[(i >>> 6) & 0x3f];
dArr[dLen - 2] = left == 2 ? (byte) CA[i & 0x3f] : (byte) '=';
dArr[dLen - 1] = '=';
}
return dArr;
}
/** Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both arrays with
* and without line separators.
* @param sArr The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
* @return The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0. Will be null if the legal characters
* (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).
*/
public final static byte[] decode(byte[] sArr)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = sArr.length;
// Count illegal characters (including '\r', '\n') to know what size the returned array will be,
// so we don't have to reallocate & copy it later.
int sepCnt = 0; // Number of separator characters. (Actually illegal characters, but that's a bonus[])
for (int i = 0; i < sLen; i++) // If input is "pure" (I.e. no line separators or illegal chars) base64 this loop can be commented out.
if (IA[sArr[i] & 0xff] < 0)
sepCnt++;
// Check so that legal chars (including '=') are evenly divideable by 4 as specified in RFC 2045.
if ((sLen - sepCnt) % 4 != 0)
return null;
int pad = 0;
for (int i = sLen; i > 1 && IA[sArr[--i] & 0xff] <= 0;)
if (sArr[i] == '=')
pad++;
int len = ((sLen - sepCnt) * 6 >> 3) - pad;
byte[] dArr = new byte[len]; // Preallocate byte[] of exact length
for (int s = 0, d = 0; d < len;) {
// Assemble three bytes into an int from four "valid" characters.
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { // j only increased if a valid char was found.
int c = IA[sArr[s++] & 0xff];
if (c >= 0)
i |= c << (18 - j * 6);
else
j--;
}
// Add the bytes
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 16);
if (d < len) {
dArr[d++]= (byte) (i >> 8);
if (d < len)
dArr[d++] = (byte) i;
}
}
return dArr;
}
/** Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as
* fast as {@link #decode(byte[])}. The preconditions are:
* + The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
* + Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045
* + The array must not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
* + The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.
* @param sArr The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
* @return The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.
*/
public final static byte[] decodeFast(byte[] sArr)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = sArr.length;
if (sLen == 0)
return new byte[0];
int sIx = 0, eIx = sLen - 1; // Start and end index after trimming.
// Trim illegal chars from start
while (sIx < eIx && IA[sArr[sIx] & 0xff] < 0)
sIx++;
// Trim illegal chars from end
while (eIx > 0 && IA[sArr[eIx] & 0xff] < 0)
eIx--;
// get the padding count (=) (0, 1 or 2)
int pad = sArr[eIx] == '=' ? (sArr[eIx - 1] == '=' ? 2 : 1) : 0; // Count '=' at end.
int cCnt = eIx - sIx + 1; // Content count including possible separators
int sepCnt = sLen > 76 ? (sArr[76] == '\r' ? cCnt / 78 : 0) << 1 : 0;
int len = ((cCnt - sepCnt) * 6 >> 3) - pad; // The number of decoded bytes
byte[] dArr = new byte[len]; // Preallocate byte[] of exact length
// Decode all but the last 0 - 2 bytes.
int d = 0;
for (int cc = 0, eLen = (len / 3) * 3; d < eLen;) {
// Assemble three bytes into an int from four "valid" characters.
int i = IA[sArr[sIx++]] << 18 | IA[sArr[sIx++]] << 12 | IA[sArr[sIx++]] << 6 | IA[sArr[sIx++]];
// Add the bytes
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 16);
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 8);
dArr[d++] = (byte) i;
// If line separator, jump over it.
if (sepCnt > 0 && ++cc == 19) {
sIx += 2;
cc = 0;
}
}
if (d < len) {
// Decode last 1-3 bytes (incl '=') into 1-3 bytes
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; sIx <= eIx - pad; j++)
i |= IA[sArr[sIx++]] << (18 - j * 6);
for (int r = 16; d < len; r -= 8)
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> r);
}
return dArr;
}
// ****************************************************************************************
// * String version
// ****************************************************************************************
/** Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 String representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
* @param sArr The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.
* @param lineSep Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
* No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a
* little faster.
* @return A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.
*/
public final static String encodeToString(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep)
{
// Reuse char[] since we can't create a String incrementally anyway and StringBuffer/Builder would be slower.
return new String(encodeToChar(sArr, lineSep));
}
/** Decodes a BASE64 encoded String. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both strings with
* and without line separators.
* Note! It can be up to about 2x the speed to call decode(str.toCharArray()) instead. That
* will create a temporary array though. This version will use str.charAt(i) to iterate the string.
* @param str The source string. null or length 0 will return an empty array.
* @return The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0. Will be null if the legal characters
* (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).
*/
public final static byte[] decode(String str)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = str != null ? str.length() : 0;
if (sLen == 0)
return new byte[0];
// Count illegal characters (including '\r', '\n') to know what size the returned array will be,
// so we don't have to reallocate & copy it later.
int sepCnt = 0; // Number of separator characters. (Actually illegal characters, but that's a bonus[])
for (int i = 0; i < sLen; i++) // If input is "pure" (I.e. no line separators or illegal chars) base64 this loop can be commented out.
if (IA[str.charAt(i)] < 0)
sepCnt++;
// Check so that legal chars (including '=') are evenly divideable by 4 as specified in RFC 2045.
if ((sLen - sepCnt) % 4 != 0)
return null;
// Count '=' at end
int pad = 0;
for (int i = sLen; i > 1 && IA[str.charAt(--i)] <= 0;)
if (str.charAt(i) == '=')
pad++;
int len = ((sLen - sepCnt) * 6 >> 3) - pad;
byte[] dArr = new byte[len]; // Preallocate byte[] of exact length
for (int s = 0, d = 0; d < len;) {
// Assemble three bytes into an int from four "valid" characters.
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { // j only increased if a valid char was found.
int c = IA[str.charAt(s++)];
if (c >= 0)
i |= c << (18 - j * 6);
else
j--;
}
// Add the bytes
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 16);
if (d < len) {
dArr[d++]= (byte) (i >> 8);
if (d < len)
dArr[d++] = (byte) i;
}
}
return dArr;
}
/** Decodes a BASE64 encoded string that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as
* fast as {@link #decode(String)}. The preconditions are:
* + The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
* + Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045
* + The array must not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
* + The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.
* @param s The source string. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
* @return The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.
*/
public final static byte[] decodeFast(String s)
{
// Check special case
int sLen = s.length();
if (sLen == 0)
return new byte[0];
int sIx = 0, eIx = sLen - 1; // Start and end index after trimming.
// Trim illegal chars from start
while (sIx < eIx && IA[s.charAt(sIx) & 0xff] < 0)
sIx++;
// Trim illegal chars from end
while (eIx > 0 && IA[s.charAt(eIx) & 0xff] < 0)
eIx--;
// get the padding count (=) (0, 1 or 2)
int pad = s.charAt(eIx) == '=' ? (s.charAt(eIx - 1) == '=' ? 2 : 1) : 0; // Count '=' at end.
int cCnt = eIx - sIx + 1; // Content count including possible separators
int sepCnt = sLen > 76 ? (s.charAt(76) == '\r' ? cCnt / 78 : 0) << 1 : 0;
int len = ((cCnt - sepCnt) * 6 >> 3) - pad; // The number of decoded bytes
byte[] dArr = new byte[len]; // Preallocate byte[] of exact length
// Decode all but the last 0 - 2 bytes.
int d = 0;
for (int cc = 0, eLen = (len / 3) * 3; d < eLen;) {
// Assemble three bytes into an int from four "valid" characters.
int i = IA[s.charAt(sIx++)] << 18 | IA[s.charAt(sIx++)] << 12 | IA[s.charAt(sIx++)] << 6 | IA[s.charAt(sIx++)];
// Add the bytes
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 16);
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> 8);
dArr[d++] = (byte) i;
// If line separator, jump over it.
if (sepCnt > 0 && ++cc == 19) {
sIx += 2;
cc = 0;
}
}
if (d < len) {
// Decode last 1-3 bytes (incl '=') into 1-3 bytes
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; sIx <= eIx - pad; j++)
i |= IA[s.charAt(sIx++)] << (18 - j * 6);
for (int r = 16; d < len; r -= 8)
dArr[d++] = (byte) (i >> r);
}
return dArr;
}
}