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'databene commons' is an open source Java library by Volker Bergmann. It provides extensions to the Java core library by utility classes, abstract concepts and concrete implementations.

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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2015 Volker Bergmann ([email protected]).
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.databene.commons;

import org.databene.commons.collection.MapEntry;
import org.databene.commons.converter.ToStringConverter;
import org.databene.commons.file.FileByNameFilter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;

/**
 * Provides stream operations.
 * Created: 17.07.2006 22:17:42
 * @since 0.1
 * @author Volker Bergmann
 */
public final class IOUtil {

    /** The logger. */
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IOUtil.class);

    private static final String USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; de-DE; rv:1.7.5) Gecko/20041122 Firefox/1.0";

    // convenience unchecked-exception operations ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Convenience method that closes a {@link Closeable} if it is not null
     * and logs possible exceptions without disturbing program execution.
     * @param closeable the stream to close
     */
    public static void close(Closeable closeable) {
        if (closeable != null) {
            try {
                closeable.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOGGER.error("Error closing " + closeable, e);
            }
        }
    }

    public static  void closeAll(T... closeables) {
        if (closeables != null) {
        	Throwable t = null;
        	for (Closeable closeable : closeables) {
	            try {
	                closeable.close();
	            } catch (IOException e) {
	                LOGGER.error("Error closing " + closeable, e);
	            } catch (Throwable e) {
	                t = e;
	            }
        	}
        	if (t != null)
        		throw new RuntimeException("Error closing resources", t);
        }
    }

    public static > void closeAll(T closeables) {
        if (closeables != null) {
        	Throwable t = null;
        	for (Closeable closeable : closeables) {
	            try {
	                closeable.close();
	            } catch (IOException e) {
	                LOGGER.error("Error closing " + closeable, e);
	            } catch (Throwable e) {
	                t = e;
	            }
        	}
        	if (t != null)
        		throw new RuntimeException("Error closing resources", t);
        }
    }

    public static void flush(Flushable flushable) {
        if (flushable != null) {
            try {
                flushable.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOGGER.error("Error flushing " + flushable, e);
            }
        }
    }

    // URI operations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    public static String localFilename(String uri) {
        String[] path = uri.split("/");
        return path[path.length - 1];
    }

    public static boolean isURIAvailable(String uri) {
    	LOGGER.debug("isURIAvailable({})", uri);
    	boolean available;
        if (uri.startsWith("string://")) {
        	available = true;
        } else if (uri.startsWith("http://")) {
            available = httpUrlAvailable(uri);
        } else {
            InputStream stream = null;
            try {
            	if (uri.startsWith("file:") && !uri.startsWith("file://")) {
            		stream = getFileOrResourceAsStream(uri.substring("file:".length()), false);
            	} else {
		            if (!uri.contains("://"))
		                uri = "file://" + uri;
		            if (uri.startsWith("file://"))
		                stream = getFileOrResourceAsStream(uri.substring("file://".length()), false);
                }
                available = (stream != null);
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                available = false;
            } finally {
                close(stream);
            }
        }
    	LOGGER.debug("isURIAvailable({}) returns {}", uri, available);
        return available;
    }

    public static String getContentOfURI(String uri) throws IOException {
        return getContentOfURI(uri, SystemInfo.getFileEncoding());
    }

    public static String getContentOfURI(String uri, String encoding) throws IOException {
        Reader reader = getReaderForURI(uri, encoding);
        return readAndClose(reader);
    }

	public static String readAndClose(Reader reader) throws IOException {
		StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        transferAndClose(reader, writer);
        return writer.toString();
	}

	public static void transferAndClose(Reader reader, Writer writer) throws IOException {
		try {
        	transfer(reader, writer);
        } finally {
	        close(writer);
	        close(reader);
        }
	}

    public static String[] readTextLines(String uri, boolean includeEmptyLines) throws IOException {
        ArrayBuilder builder = new ArrayBuilder(String.class, 100);
        BufferedReader reader = getReaderForURI(uri);
        String line;
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
        	if (line.length() > 0 || includeEmptyLines)
        		builder.add(line);
        return builder.toArray();
    }

    public static BufferedReader getReaderForURI(String uri) throws IOException {
        return getReaderForURI(uri, SystemInfo.getFileEncoding());
    }

    public static BufferedReader getReaderForURI(String uri, String defaultEncoding) throws IOException {
        if (uri.startsWith("string://"))
            return new BufferedReader(new StringReader(uri.substring("string://".length())));
        else if (uri.startsWith("http://"))
            return getHttpReader(new URL(uri), defaultEncoding);
        else
            return getFileReader(uri, defaultEncoding);
    }

    public static InputStream getInputStreamForURI(String uri) throws IOException {
    	Assert.notNull(uri, "uri");
    	return getInputStreamForURI(uri, true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an InputStream from a url in String representation.
     * @param uri the source url
     * @param required causes the method to throw an exception if the resource is not found
     * @return an InputStream that reads the url.
     * @throws IOException if the url cannot be read.
     */
    public static InputStream getInputStreamForURI(String uri, boolean required) throws IOException {
		LOGGER.debug("getInputStreamForURI({}, {})", uri, required);
        if (uri.startsWith("string://")) {
			String content = uri.substring("string://".length());
			return new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes(SystemInfo.getCharset()));
		}
        if (isFileUri(uri))
            return getFileOrResourceAsStream(stripOffProtocolFromUri(uri), true);
        else if (uri.startsWith("file:"))
            return getFileOrResourceAsStream(uri.substring("file:".length()), true);
        else if (uri.contains("://")) {
            return getInputStreamForURL(new URL(uri));
        } else
        	return getFileOrResourceAsStream(uri, required);
    }

    public static String stripOffProtocolFromUri(String uri) {
		int index = uri.indexOf("://");
		if (index >= 0)
			return uri.substring(index + 3);
		index = uri.indexOf(":");
		if (index > 1 || (!SystemInfo.isWindows() && index > 0))
			return uri.substring(index + 1);
		return uri;
	}

	public static boolean isFileUri(String uri) {
        return (uri.startsWith("file:") || !uri.contains("://"));
    }
    
	public static InputStream getInputStreamForURL(URL url) throws IOException {
		try {
		    URLConnection connection = getConnection(url);
		    return connection.getInputStream();
		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
		    throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
		}
	}

    public static InputStream getInputStreamForUriReference(String localUri, String contextUri, boolean required) throws IOException {
		LOGGER.debug("getInputStreamForUriReference({}, {})", localUri, contextUri);
    	// do not resolve context for absolute URLs or missing contexts
    	if (StringUtil.isEmpty(contextUri) || getProtocol(localUri) != null)
    		return getInputStreamForURI(localUri, required);
    	
    	// now resolve the relative uri
    	String uri = resolveRelativeUri(localUri, contextUri);
    	
    	if (localUri.startsWith("http://")) {
            return getInputStreamForURL(new URL(uri));
        }

        if (localUri.startsWith("file:") && !localUri.startsWith("file://"))
            return getFileOrResourceAsStream(localUri.substring("file:".length()), true);
        if (!localUri.contains("://"))
            localUri = "file://" + localUri;
        if (localUri.startsWith("file://"))
            return getFileOrResourceAsStream(localUri.substring("file://".length()), true);
        else
            throw new ConfigurationError("Can't to handle URL " + localUri);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an InputStream to a file resource on the class path.
     * @param name the file's name
     * @param required causes the method to throw an exception if the resource is not found
     * @return an InputStream to the resource
     */
    public static InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name, boolean required) {
    	LOGGER.debug("getResourceAsStream({}, {})", name, required);
		InputStream stream = null;
        ClassLoader contextClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        if (contextClassLoader != null)
        	stream = contextClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(name);
        if (stream == null) {
        	String searchedName = (name.startsWith("/") ? name : '/' + name);
            stream = IOUtil.class.getResourceAsStream(searchedName);
        }
        if (required && stream == null)
            throw new ConfigurationError("Resource not found: " + name);
        return stream;
    }

    public static String resolveRelativeUri(String relativeUri, String contextUri) {
		LOGGER.debug("resolveRelativeUri({}, {})", relativeUri, contextUri);
		if (contextUri == null)
			return relativeUri;
    	if (isAbsoluteRef(relativeUri, contextUri))
    		return relativeUri;
    	String contextProtocol = getProtocol(contextUri);
		if (contextProtocol == null || contextProtocol.equals("file"))
    		return resolveRelativeFile(getPath(contextUri), getPath(relativeUri));
    	else
    		return resolveRelativeURL(contextUri, relativeUri);
	}

	public static boolean isAbsoluteRef(String uri, String contextUri) {
		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(contextUri)) // if there is no context, the URI must be absolute
			return true;
		// recognize Windows drive letter formats like C:\
		if (uri.length() >= 3 && Character.isLetter(uri.charAt(0)) && uri.charAt(1) == ':' && uri.charAt(2) == '\\')
			return true;
    	String refProtocol = getProtocol(uri);
    	String ctxProtocol = getProtocol(contextUri);
    	if (ctxProtocol == null) // if no context protocol is given, assume 'file'
    		ctxProtocol = "file";
    	if (!ctxProtocol.equals(refProtocol) && refProtocol != null) // if the ref has a different protocol declared than the context, its absolute
    		return true;
    	// if the protocols are 'file' and the URI starts with '/' or '~' its an absolute file URI
    	return ("file".equals(ctxProtocol) && ((uri.startsWith("/") || uri.startsWith("~"))));
	}

	private static String resolveRelativeFile(String contextPath, String relativePath) {
		char firstChar = relativePath.charAt(0);
		boolean isAbsolutePath = firstChar == '/' || firstChar == File.separatorChar;
		if (isAbsolutePath || isURIAvailable(relativePath))
			return relativePath;
		else
			return new File(contextPath, relativePath).getPath();
    }

	private static String resolveRelativeURL(String contextUri, String relativeUri) {
    	try {
    		URL contextUrl = new URL(contextUri);
    		URL absoluteUrl = new URL(contextUrl, relativeUri);
    		String result = absoluteUrl.toString();
			return result;
    	} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
    		throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
    	}
    }

	public static String getParentUri(String uri) {
		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(uri))
			return null;
		String protocol = getProtocol(uri);
		if (protocol != null)
			uri = uri.substring(protocol.length());
		char systemSeparator = SystemInfo.getFileSeparator();
		char uriSeparator = (uri.indexOf(systemSeparator) >= 0 ? systemSeparator : '/');
		String parentUri = StringUtil.splitOnLastSeparator(uri, uriSeparator)[0];
		if (parentUri == null)
			parentUri = ".";
		parentUri += uriSeparator;
		if (protocol != null)
			parentUri = protocol + parentUri;
		return parentUri;
	}

	public static String getProtocol(String uri) {
		if (uri == null)
			return null;
		int sep = uri.indexOf("://");
		if (sep > 0)
			return uri.substring(0, sep);
		return (uri.startsWith("file:") ? "file" : null);
	}

	private static String getPath(String uri) {
		if (uri == null || ".".equals(uri))
			return null;
		int sep = uri.indexOf("://");
		if (sep > 0)
			return uri.substring(sep + 3);
		return (uri.startsWith("file:") ? uri.substring(5) : uri);
    }

    public static PrintWriter getPrinterForURI(String uri, String encoding)
			throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
    	return getPrinterForURI(uri, encoding, false, SystemInfo.getLineSeparator(), false);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
	public static PrintWriter getPrinterForURI(String uri, String encoding, boolean append, 
    			final String lineSeparator, boolean autoCreateFolder)
	    	throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
    	File file = new File(uri);
    	if (autoCreateFolder)
    		FileUtil.ensureDirectoryExists(file.getParentFile());
    	return new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(uri, append), encoding)) {
    		@Override
    		public void println() {
    			print(lineSeparator);
    		}
    	};
	}

	// piping streams --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    public static int transfer(Reader reader, Writer writer) throws IOException {
        int totalChars = 0;
        char[] buffer = new char[16384];

        int charsRead;
        while ((charsRead = reader.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) > 0) {
            writer.write(buffer, 0, charsRead);
            totalChars += charsRead;
        }
        return totalChars;
    }

    public static int transfer(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
        int totalChars = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[16384];

        int charsRead;
        while ((charsRead = in.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1) {
            out.write(buffer, 0, charsRead);
            totalChars += charsRead;
        }
        return totalChars;
    }

    public static void copyFile(String srcUri, String targetUri) throws IOException {
        LOGGER.debug("copying " + srcUri + " --> " + targetUri);
        InputStream in = null;
        OutputStream out = null;
        try {
	        in = getInputStreamForURI(srcUri);
	        out = openOutputStreamForURI(targetUri);
	        IOUtil.transfer(in, out);
        } finally {
	        close(out);
	        close(in);
        }
    }

    public static OutputStream openOutputStreamForURI(String uri) throws IOException {
    	if (uri.startsWith("file:")) {
    		uri = uri.substring(5);
    		if (uri.startsWith("//"))
    			uri = uri.substring(2);
    		return new FileOutputStream(uri);
    	} else if (uri.contains("://")) {
    		try {
	    		URL url = new URL(uri);
	    		URLConnection urlc = url.openConnection();
	    		return urlc.getOutputStream();
    		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
    			throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
    		}
    	}
	    return new FileOutputStream(uri);
    }

    // Properties I/O --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    public static Map readProperties(String filename) throws IOException {
        return readProperties(filename, SystemInfo.getFileEncoding());
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
    public static Map readProperties(String filename, String encoding) throws IOException {
        return readProperties(new OrderedMap(), filename, null, encoding);
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	public static  Map readProperties(
            String filename, Converter converter) throws IOException {
        return readProperties(filename, converter, SystemInfo.getFileEncoding());
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	public static  Map readProperties(
            String filename, Converter converter, String encoding) throws IOException {
        return readProperties(new OrderedMap(), filename, converter, encoding);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
    private static  M readProperties(M target, String filename, 
            Converter converter, String encoding) throws IOException {
        Reader reader = null;
        ReaderLineIterator iterator = null;
        try {
            reader = IOUtil.getReaderForURI(filename, encoding);
            iterator = new ReaderLineIterator(reader);
            String key = null;
            String value = "";
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                String line = iterator.next();
                line = line.trim();
                if (line.startsWith("#"))
                    continue;
                boolean incomplete = (line.endsWith("\\") && line.charAt(line.length() - 2) != '\\');
                if (incomplete)
                	line = line.substring(0, line.length() - 1);
                line = StringUtil.unescape(line);
                if (key != null) {
                    value += line;
                } else {
                    String[] assignment = ParseUtil.parseAssignment(line, "=", false);
                    if (assignment != null && assignment[1] != null) {
                        key = assignment[0];
                        value = assignment[1];
                    } else
                        continue;
                }
                if (!incomplete) {
                    if (converter != null) {
                        Map.Entry entry = new MapEntry(key, value);
                        entry = converter.convert(entry);
                        target.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                    } else
                        target.put(key, value);
                    key = null;
                    value = "";
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (iterator != null)
                iterator.close();
            else
                IOUtil.close(reader);
        }
        return target;
    }

    public static void writeProperties(Map properties, String filename) throws IOException {
        writeProperties(properties, filename, SystemInfo.getFileEncoding());
    }

    public static void writeProperties(Map properties, String filename, String encoding) throws IOException {
        PrintWriter stream = null;
        try {
            stream = IOUtil.getPrinterForURI(filename, encoding);
            for (Map.Entry entry : properties.entrySet())
                stream.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + ToStringConverter.convert(entry.getValue(), ""));
        } finally {
            IOUtil.close(stream);
        }
    }

    // text file im/export ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
    public static String readTextResource(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(getFileOrResourceAsStream(filename));
        String text = read(reader);
        reader.close();
        return text;
    }

    public static String readTextFile(File file) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        FileReader reader = new FileReader(file);
        return read(reader);
    }
*/

    public static void writeTextFile(String filename, String content) throws IOException {
        writeTextFile(filename, content, SystemInfo.getFileEncoding());
    }

    public static void writeTextFile(String filename, String content, String encoding) throws IOException {
    	if (encoding == null)
    		encoding = SystemInfo.getCharset().name();
        Writer writer = null;
        try {
            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(openOutputStreamForURI(filename), encoding);
            transfer(new StringReader(content), writer);
        } finally {
            close(writer);
        }
    }

    // private helpers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Returns an InputStream that reads a file. The file is first searched on the disk directories
     * then in the class path.
     * @param filename the name of the file to be searched.
     * @param required when set to 'true' this causes an exception to be thrown if the file is not found
     * @return an InputStream that accesses the file. If the file is not found and 'required' set to false, null is returned.
     * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file cannot be found.
     */
    private static InputStream getFileOrResourceAsStream(String filename, boolean required) throws FileNotFoundException {
		LOGGER.debug("getFileOrResourceAsStream({}, {})", filename, required);
        File file = new File(filename);
        if (file.exists()) {
            return new FileInputStream(filename);
        } else
            return getResourceAsStream(filename, required);
    }

    private static boolean httpUrlAvailable(String urlString) {
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlString);
            URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
            urlConnection.connect();
            return true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    private static URLConnection getConnection(URL url) throws IOException {
        URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
        connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", USER_AGENT);
        connection.connect();
        return connection;
    }

    public static byte[] getBinaryContentOfUri(String uri) throws IOException {
        InputStream in = getInputStreamForURI(uri);
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(25000);
        transfer(in, out);
        return out.toByteArray();
    }
    
    public static void writeBytes(byte[] bytes, File file) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
        try {
			transfer(in, out);
		} finally {
			IOUtil.close(out);
			IOUtil.close(in);
		}
    }
    
    public static void copyDirectory(URL srcUrl, File targetDirectory, Filter filenameFilter) 
    		throws IOException {
   		LOGGER.debug("copyDirectory({}, {}, {})", new Object[] { srcUrl, targetDirectory, filenameFilter });
        String protocol = srcUrl.getProtocol();
		if (protocol.equals("file")) {
			try {
				FileUtil.copy(new File(srcUrl.toURI()), targetDirectory, true, new FileByNameFilter(filenameFilter));
			} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected exception", e);
			}
		} else if (protocol.equals("jar")) {
			String path = srcUrl.getPath();
			int separatorIndex = path.indexOf("!");
			String jarPath = path.substring(5, separatorIndex); // extract jar file name
			String relativePath = path.substring(separatorIndex + 2); // extract path inside jar file
			if (!relativePath.endsWith("/"))
				relativePath += "/";
			extractFolderFromJar(jarPath, relativePath, targetDirectory, filenameFilter);
        } else          
        	throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Protocol not supported: "+ protocol + 
        			" (URL: " + srcUrl + ")");
    }
    
    public static void extractFolderFromJar(String jarPath, String directory, File targetDirectory, 
    		Filter filenameFilter) throws IOException {
   		LOGGER.debug("extractFolderFromJar({}, {}, {}, {})", new Object[] { jarPath, directory, targetDirectory, filenameFilter});
		JarFile jar = new JarFile(URLDecoder.decode(jarPath, "UTF-8"));
		Enumeration entries = jar.entries();
		while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
			JarEntry entry = entries.nextElement();
			String name = entry.getName();
			if (name.startsWith(directory) && !directory.equals(name) && (filenameFilter == null || filenameFilter.accept(name))) {
				String relativeName = name.substring(directory.length());
				if (entry.isDirectory()) {
					File subDir = new File(targetDirectory, relativeName);
					LOGGER.debug("creating sub directory {}", subDir);
					subDir.mkdir();
				} else {
					File targetFile = new File(targetDirectory, relativeName);
					LOGGER.debug("copying file {} to {}", name, targetFile);
					InputStream in = jar.getInputStream(entry);
					OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(targetFile);
					transfer(in, out);
					out.close();
					in.close();
				}
			}
		}
    }

	public static String[] listResources(URL url) throws IOException {
		LOGGER.debug("listResources({})", url);
        String protocol = url.getProtocol();
		if (protocol.equals("file")) {
			try {
				String[] result = new File(url.toURI()).list();
				if (result == null)
					result = new String[0];
				LOGGER.debug("found file resources: {}", result);
				return result;
			} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected exception", e);
			}
		} else if (protocol.equals("jar")) {
			String path = url.getPath();
			int separatorIndex = path.indexOf("!");
			String jarPath = path.substring(5, separatorIndex); // extract jar file name
			String relativePath = path.substring(separatorIndex + 2); // extract path inside jar file
			JarFile jar = new JarFile(URLDecoder.decode(jarPath, "UTF-8"));
			Enumeration entries = jar.entries();
			Set result = new HashSet();
			while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
				String name = entries.nextElement().getName();
				if (name.startsWith(relativePath)) {
					String entry = name.substring(relativePath.length());
					int checkSubdir = entry.indexOf("/");
					if (checkSubdir >= 0) // return only the top directory name of all sub directory entries
						entry = entry.substring(0, checkSubdir);
					result.add(entry);
				}
			}
			LOGGER.debug("found jar resources: {}", result);
			return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
        } else          
        	throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Protocol not supported: "+ protocol + 
        			" (URL: " + url + ")");
    }
    
	public static void download(URL url, File targetFile) throws IOException {
		LOGGER.info("downloading {}", url);
		FileUtil.ensureDirectoryExists(targetFile.getParentFile());
	    InputStream in = getInputStreamForURL(url);
	    try {
			OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(targetFile);
			try {
				IOUtil.transfer(in, out);
			} finally {
				IOUtil.close(out);
			}
	    } finally {
	    	IOUtil.close(in);
	    }
    }
	
	public static String encodeUrl(String text) {
		return encodeUrl(text, Encodings.UTF_8);
	}

	public static String encodeUrl(String text, String encoding) {
		try {
			return URLEncoder.encode(text, encoding);
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a supported encoding: " + encoding, e);
		}
	}

	public static ImageIcon readImageIcon(String resourceName) {
		try {
			InputStream in = getInputStreamForURI(resourceName);
			if (in == null)
				throw new FileNotFoundException("Resource not found: " + resourceName);
			return new ImageIcon(ImageIO.read(in));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new ConfigurationError(e);
		}
	}



	// helpers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    private static BufferedReader getFileReader(String filename, String defaultEncoding) 
    		throws IOException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
		if (defaultEncoding == null)
		    defaultEncoding = SystemInfo.getFileEncoding();
		InputStream is = getInputStreamForURI(filename);
		PushbackInputStream in = new PushbackInputStream(is, 4);
		defaultEncoding = bomEncoding(in, defaultEncoding);
		return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, defaultEncoding));
	}

	private static BufferedReader getHttpReader(URL url, String defaultEncoding) 
			throws IOException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
		try {
		    URLConnection connection = getConnection(url);
		    connection.connect();
		    String encoding = encoding(connection, defaultEncoding);
		    InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
		    return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, encoding));
		} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
		    throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
		}
	}

	static String encoding(URLConnection connection, String defaultEncoding) {
		String encoding = connection.getContentEncoding();
		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(encoding)) {
		    String ct = connection.getHeaderField("Content-Type");
		    if (!StringUtil.isEmpty(ct)) {
			    int i = ct.indexOf("charset");
			    if (i >= 0)
			        encoding = ct.substring(i + "charset".length() + 1).trim();
		    }
		}
		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(encoding))
		    encoding = defaultEncoding;
		if (StringUtil.isEmpty(encoding))
			encoding = SystemInfo.getFileEncoding();
		return encoding;
	}

    private static String bomEncoding(PushbackInputStream in, String defaultEncoding) throws IOException {
        int b1 = in.read();
        if (b1 == -1)
            return defaultEncoding;
        if (b1 != 0xEF) {
            in.unread(b1);
            return defaultEncoding;
        }
        int b2 = in.read();
        if (b2 == -1) {
            in.unread(b1);
            return defaultEncoding;
        }
        if (b2 != 0xBB) {
            in.unread(b2);
            in.unread(b1);
            return defaultEncoding;
        }
        int b3 = in.read();
        if (b3 == -1) {
            in.unread(b2);
            in.unread(b1);
            return defaultEncoding;
        }
        if (b3 != 0xBF) {
            in.unread(b3);
            in.unread(b2);
            in.unread(b1);
            return defaultEncoding;
        }
        return Encodings.UTF_8;
    }

}




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