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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package org.glassfish.jersey.internal.guava;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractQueue;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceArray;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import static org.glassfish.jersey.internal.guava.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

/**
 * The concurrent hash map implementation built by {@link MapMaker}.
 * 

 * 
This implementation is heavily derived from revision 1.96 of ConcurrentHashMap.java.
 *
 * @author Bob Lee
 * @author Charles Fry
 * @author Doug Lea ({@code ConcurrentHashMap})
 */
class MapMakerInternalMap
        extends AbstractMap implements ConcurrentMap, Serializable {

  /*
   * The basic strategy is to subdivide the table among Segments, each of which itself is a
   * concurrently readable hash table. The map supports non-blocking reads and concurrent writes
   * across different segments.
   *
   * If a maximum size is specified, a best-effort bounding is performed per segment, using a
   * page-replacement algorithm to determine which entries to evict when the capacity has been
   * exceeded.
   *
   * The page replacement algorithm's data structures are kept casually consistent with the map. The
   * ordering of writes to a segment is sequentially consistent. An update to the map and recording
   * of reads may not be immediately reflected on the algorithm's data structures. These structures
   * are guarded by a lock and operations are applied in batches to avoid lock contention. The
   * penalty of applying the batches is spread across threads so that the amortized cost is slightly
   * higher than performing just the operation without enforcing the capacity constraint.
   *
   * This implementation uses a per-segment queue to record a memento of the additions, removals,
   * and accesses that were performed on the map. The queue is drained on writes and when it exceeds
   * its capacity threshold.
   *
   * The Least Recently Used page replacement algorithm was chosen due to its simplicity, high hit
   * rate, and ability to be implemented with O(1) time complexity. The initial LRU implementation
   * operates per-segment rather than globally for increased implementation simplicity. We expect
   * the cache hit rate to be similar to that of a global LRU algorithm.
   */

    // Constants

    /**
     * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified by either of the
     * constructors with arguments. MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30 to ensure that entries are
     * indexable using ints.
     */
    private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = Ints.MAX_POWER_OF_TWO;

    /**
     * The maximum number of segments to allow; used to bound constructor arguments.
     */
    private static final int MAX_SEGMENTS = 1 << 16; // slightly conservative

    /**
     * Number of (unsynchronized) retries in the containsValue method.
     */
    private static final int CONTAINS_VALUE_RETRIES = 3;

    /**
     * Number of cache access operations that can be buffered per segment before the cache's recency
     * ordering information is updated. This is used to avoid lock contention by recording a memento
     * of reads and delaying a lock acquisition until the threshold is crossed or a mutation occurs.
     * 

     * 
This must be a (2^n)-1 as it is used as a mask.
     */
    private static final int DRAIN_THRESHOLD = 0x3F;

    /**
     * Maximum number of entries to be drained in a single cleanup run. This applies independently to
     * the cleanup queue and both reference queues.
     */
    // TODO(fry): empirically optimize this
    private static final int DRAIN_MAX = 16;

    // Fields
    /**
     * Placeholder. Indicates that the value hasn't been set yet.
     */
    private static final ValueReference UNSET = new ValueReference() {
        @Override
        public Object get() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getEntry() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public ValueReference copyFor(ReferenceQueue queue,
                                                      Object value, ReferenceEntry entry) {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isComputingReference() {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void clear(ValueReference newValue) {
        }
    };
    private static final Queue DISCARDING_QUEUE = new AbstractQueue() {
        @Override
        public boolean offer(Object o) {
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public Object peek() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public Object poll() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator iterator() {
            return Iterators.emptyIterator();
        }
    };
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MapMakerInternalMap.class.getName());
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5;
    /**
     * Mask value for indexing into segments. The upper bits of a key's hash code are used to choose
     * the segment.
     */
    private final transient int segmentMask;
    /**
     * Shift value for indexing within segments. Helps prevent entries that end up in the same segment
     * from also ending up in the same bucket.
     */
    private final transient int segmentShift;
    /**
     * The segments, each of which is a specialized hash table.
     */
    private final transient Segment[] segments;
    /**
     * The concurrency level.
     */
    private final int concurrencyLevel;
    /**
     * Strategy for comparing keys.
     */
    private final Equivalence keyEquivalence;
    /**
     * Strategy for comparing values.
     */
    private final Equivalence valueEquivalence;
    /**
     * Strategy for referencing keys.
     */
    private final Strength keyStrength;
    /**
     * Strategy for referencing values.
     */
    private final Strength valueStrength;
    /**
     * The maximum size of this map. MapMaker.UNSET_INT if there is no maximum.
     */
    private final int maximumSize;
    /**
     * How long after the last access to an entry the map will retain that entry.
     */
    private final long expireAfterAccessNanos;
    /**
     * How long after the last write to an entry the map will retain that entry.
     */
    private final long expireAfterWriteNanos;
    /**
     * Entries waiting to be consumed by the removal listener.
     */
    // TODO(fry): define a new type which creates event objects and automates the clear logic
    private final Queue> removalNotificationQueue;
    /**
     * A listener that is invoked when an entry is removed due to expiration or garbage collection of
     * soft/weak entries.
     */
    private final MapMaker.RemovalListener removalListener;
    /**
     * Factory used to create new entries.
     */
    private final transient EntryFactory entryFactory;
    /**
     * Measures time in a testable way.
     */
    private final Ticker ticker;
    private transient Set keySet;
    private transient Collection values;
    private transient Set> entrySet;

    /**
     * Creates a new, empty map with the specified strategy, initial capacity and concurrency level.
     */
    private MapMakerInternalMap(MapMaker builder) {
        concurrencyLevel = Math.min(builder.getConcurrencyLevel(), MAX_SEGMENTS);

        keyStrength = builder.getKeyStrength();
        valueStrength = builder.getValueStrength();

        keyEquivalence = builder.getKeyEquivalence();
        valueEquivalence = valueStrength.defaultEquivalence();

        maximumSize = builder.maximumSize;
        expireAfterAccessNanos = builder.getExpireAfterAccessNanos();
        expireAfterWriteNanos = builder.getExpireAfterWriteNanos();

        entryFactory = EntryFactory.getFactory(keyStrength, expires(), evictsBySize());
        ticker = builder.getTicker();

        removalListener = builder.getRemovalListener();
        removalNotificationQueue = (removalListener == GenericMapMaker.NullListener.INSTANCE)
                ? MapMakerInternalMap.discardingQueue()
                : new ConcurrentLinkedQueue>();

        int initialCapacity = Math.min(builder.getInitialCapacity(), MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
        if (evictsBySize()) {
            initialCapacity = Math.min(initialCapacity, maximumSize);
        }

        // Find power-of-two sizes best matching arguments. Constraints:
        // (segmentCount <= maximumSize)
        // && (concurrencyLevel > maximumSize || segmentCount > concurrencyLevel)
        int segmentShift = 0;
        int segmentCount = 1;
        while (segmentCount < concurrencyLevel
                && (!evictsBySize() || segmentCount * 2 <= maximumSize)) {
            ++segmentShift;
            segmentCount <<= 1;
        }
        this.segmentShift = 32 - segmentShift;
        segmentMask = segmentCount - 1;

        this.segments = newSegmentArray(segmentCount);

        int segmentCapacity = initialCapacity / segmentCount;
        if (segmentCapacity * segmentCount < initialCapacity) {
            ++segmentCapacity;
        }

        int segmentSize = 1;
        while (segmentSize < segmentCapacity) {
            segmentSize <<= 1;
        }

        if (evictsBySize()) {
            // Ensure sum of segment max sizes = overall max size
            int maximumSegmentSize = maximumSize / segmentCount + 1;
            int remainder = maximumSize % segmentCount;
            for (int i = 0; i < this.segments.length; ++i) {
                if (i == remainder) {
                    maximumSegmentSize--;
                }
                this.segments[i] =
                        createSegment(segmentSize, maximumSegmentSize);
            }
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < this.segments.length; ++i) {
                this.segments[i] =
                        createSegment(segmentSize, MapMaker.UNSET_INT);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Singleton placeholder that indicates a value is being computed.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // impl never uses a parameter or returns any non-null value
    private static  ValueReference unset() {
        return (ValueReference) UNSET;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // impl never uses a parameter or returns any non-null value
    private static  ReferenceEntry nullEntry() {
        return (ReferenceEntry) NullEntry.INSTANCE;
    }

    /**
     * Queue that discards all elements.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // impl never uses a parameter or returns any non-null value
    private static  Queue discardingQueue() {
        return (Queue) DISCARDING_QUEUE;
    }

    /**
     * Applies a supplemental hash function to a given hash code, which defends against poor quality
     * hash functions. This is critical when the concurrent hash map uses power-of-two length hash
     * tables, that otherwise encounter collisions for hash codes that do not differ in lower or
     * upper bits.
     *
     * @param h hash code
     */
    private static int rehash(int h) {
        // Spread bits to regularize both segment and index locations,
        // using variant of single-word Wang/Jenkins hash.
        // TODO(kevinb): use Hashing/move this to Hashing?
        h += (h << 15) ^ 0xffffcd7d;
        h ^= (h >>> 10);
        h += (h << 3);
        h ^= (h >>> 6);
        h += (h << 2) + (h << 14);
        return h ^ (h >>> 16);
    }

    // Guarded By Segment.this
    private static  void connectExpirables(ReferenceEntry previous, ReferenceEntry next) {
        previous.setNextExpirable(next);
        next.setPreviousExpirable(previous);
    }

    // Guarded By Segment.this
    private static  void nullifyExpirable(ReferenceEntry nulled) {
        ReferenceEntry nullEntry = nullEntry();
        nulled.setNextExpirable(nullEntry);
        nulled.setPreviousExpirable(nullEntry);
    }

    /**
     * Links the evitables together.
     */
    // Guarded By Segment.this
    private static  void connectEvictables(ReferenceEntry previous, ReferenceEntry next) {
        previous.setNextEvictable(next);
        next.setPreviousEvictable(previous);
    }

    // Guarded By Segment.this
    private static  void nullifyEvictable(ReferenceEntry nulled) {
        ReferenceEntry nullEntry = nullEntry();
        nulled.setNextEvictable(nullEntry);
        nulled.setPreviousEvictable(nullEntry);
    }

    boolean evictsBySize() {
        return maximumSize != MapMaker.UNSET_INT;
    }

    boolean expires() {
        return expiresAfterWrite() || expiresAfterAccess();
    }

    private boolean expiresAfterWrite() {
        return expireAfterWriteNanos > 0;
    }

  /*
   * Note: All of this duplicate code sucks, but it saves a lot of memory. If only Java had mixins!
   * To maintain this code, make a change for the strong reference type. Then, cut and paste, and
   * replace "Strong" with "Soft" or "Weak" within the pasted text. The primary difference is that
   * strong entries store the key reference directly while soft and weak entries delegate to their
   * respective superclasses.
   */

    boolean expiresAfterAccess() {
        return expireAfterAccessNanos > 0;
    }

    boolean usesKeyReferences() {
        return keyStrength != Strength.STRONG;
    }

    boolean usesValueReferences() {
        return valueStrength != Strength.STRONG;
    }

    private int hash(Object key) {
        int h = keyEquivalence.hash(key);
        return rehash(h);
    }

    void reclaimValue(ValueReference valueReference) {
        ReferenceEntry entry = valueReference.getEntry();
        int hash = entry.getHash();
        segmentFor(hash).reclaimValue(entry.getKey(), hash, valueReference);
    }

    void reclaimKey(ReferenceEntry entry) {
        int hash = entry.getHash();
        segmentFor(hash).reclaimKey(entry, hash);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the segment that should be used for a key with the given hash.
     *
     * @param hash the hash code for the key
     * @return the segment
     */
    private Segment segmentFor(int hash) {
        // TODO(fry): Lazily create segments?
        return segments[(hash >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask];
    }

    private Segment createSegment(int initialCapacity, int maxSegmentSize) {
        return new Segment(this, initialCapacity, maxSegmentSize);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value from an entry. Returns {@code null} if the entry is invalid,
     * partially-collected, computing, or expired. Unlike {@link Segment#getLiveValue} this method
     * does not attempt to clean up stale entries.
     */
    private V getLiveValue(ReferenceEntry entry) {
        if (entry.getKey() == null) {
            return null;
        }
        V value = entry.getValueReference().get();
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (expires() && isExpired(entry)) {
            return null;
        }
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the entry has expired.
     */
    boolean isExpired(ReferenceEntry entry) {
        return isExpired(entry, ticker.read());
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the entry has expired.
     */
    boolean isExpired(ReferenceEntry entry, long now) {
        // if the expiration time had overflowed, this "undoes" the overflow
        return now - entry.getExpirationTime() > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Notifies listeners that an entry has been automatically removed due to expiration, eviction,
     * or eligibility for garbage collection. This should be called every time expireEntries or
     * evictEntry is called (once the lock is released).
     */
    void processPendingNotifications() {
        MapMaker.RemovalNotification notification;
        while ((notification = removalNotificationQueue.poll()) != null) {
            try {
                removalListener.onRemoval(notification);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Exception thrown by removal listener", e);
            }
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private Segment[] newSegmentArray(int ssize) {
        return new Segment[ssize];
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
    /*
     * Sum per-segment modCounts to avoid mis-reporting when elements are concurrently added and
     * removed in one segment while checking another, in which case the table was never actually
     * empty at any point. (The sum ensures accuracy up through at least 1<<31 per-segment
     * modifications before recheck.)  Method containsValue() uses similar constructions for
     * stability checks.
     */
        long sum = 0L;
        Segment[] segments = this.segments;
        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
            if (segments[i].count != 0) {
                return false;
            }
            sum += segments[i].modCount;
        }

        if (sum != 0L) { // recheck unless no modifications
            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
                if (segments[i].count != 0) {
                    return false;
                }
                sum -= segments[i].modCount;
            }
            if (sum != 0L) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        Segment[] segments = this.segments;
        long sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
            sum += segments[i].count;
        }
        return Ints.saturatedCast(sum);
    }

    @Override
    public V get(Object key) {
        if (key == null) {
            return null;
        }
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).get(key, hash);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        if (key == null) {
            return false;
        }
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).containsKey(key, hash);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            return false;
        }

        // This implementation is patterned after ConcurrentHashMap, but without the locking. The only
        // way for it to return a false negative would be for the target value to jump around in the map
        // such that none of the subsequent iterations observed it, despite the fact that at every point
        // in time it was present somewhere int the map. This becomes increasingly unlikely as
        // CONTAINS_VALUE_RETRIES increases, though without locking it is theoretically possible.
        final Segment[] segments = this.segments;
        long last = -1L;
        for (int i = 0; i < CONTAINS_VALUE_RETRIES; i++) {
            long sum = 0L;
            for (Segment segment : segments) {
                // ensure visibility of most recent completed write
                @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration", "unused"})
                int c = segment.count; // read-volatile

                AtomicReferenceArray> table = segment.table;
                for (int j = 0; j < table.length(); j++) {
                    for (ReferenceEntry e = table.get(j); e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                        V v = segment.getLiveValue(e);
                        if (v != null && valueEquivalence.equivalent(value, v)) {
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
                sum += segment.modCount;
            }
            if (sum == last) {
                break;
            }
            last = sum;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // expiration

    @Override
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        checkNotNull(key);
        checkNotNull(value);
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).put(key, hash, value, false);
    }

    @Override
    public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
        checkNotNull(key);
        checkNotNull(value);
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).put(key, hash, value, true);
    }

    @Override
    public void putAll(Map m) {
        for (Entry e : m.entrySet()) {
            put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public V remove(Object key) {
        if (key == null) {
            return null;
        }
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, hash);
    }

    // eviction

    @Override
    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
        if (key == null || value == null) {
            return false;
        }
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, hash, value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
        checkNotNull(key);
        checkNotNull(newValue);
        if (oldValue == null) {
            return false;
        }
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).replace(key, hash, oldValue, newValue);
    }

    @Override
    public V replace(K key, V value) {
        checkNotNull(key);
        checkNotNull(value);
        int hash = hash(key);
        return segmentFor(hash).replace(key, hash, value);
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
        for (Segment segment : segments) {
            segment.clear();
        }
    }

    // Inner Classes

    @Override
    public Set keySet() {
        Set ks = keySet;
        return (ks != null) ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet());
    }

    // Queues

    @Override
    public Collection values() {
        Collection vs = values;
        return (vs != null) ? vs : (values = new Values());
    }

    @Override
    public Set> entrySet() {
        Set> es = entrySet;
        return (es != null) ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
    }

    // ConcurrentMap methods

    enum Strength {
    /*
     * TODO(kevinb): If we strongly reference the value and aren't computing, we needn't wrap the
     * value. This could save ~8 bytes per entry.
     */

        STRONG {
            @Override
             ValueReference referenceValue(
                    Segment segment, ReferenceEntry entry, V value) {
                return new StrongValueReference(value);
            }

            @Override
            Equivalence defaultEquivalence() {
                return Equivalence.equals();
            }
        };

        /**
         * Creates a reference for the given value according to this value strength.
         */
        abstract  ValueReference referenceValue(
                Segment segment, ReferenceEntry entry, V value);

        /**
         * Returns the default equivalence strategy used to compare and hash keys or values referenced
         * at this strength. This strategy will be used unless the user explicitly specifies an
         * alternate strategy.
         */
        abstract Equivalence defaultEquivalence();
    }

    /**
     * Creates new entries.
     */
    enum EntryFactory {
        STRONG {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new StrongEntry(key, hash, next);
            }
        },
        STRONG_EXPIRABLE {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new StrongExpirableEntry(key, hash, next);
            }

            @Override
             ReferenceEntry copyEntry(
                    Segment segment, ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
                ReferenceEntry newEntry = super.copyEntry(segment, original, newNext);
                copyExpirableEntry(original, newEntry);
                return newEntry;
            }
        },
        STRONG_EVICTABLE {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new StrongEvictableEntry(key, hash, next);
            }

            @Override
             ReferenceEntry copyEntry(
                    Segment segment, ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
                ReferenceEntry newEntry = super.copyEntry(segment, original, newNext);
                copyEvictableEntry(original, newEntry);
                return newEntry;
            }
        },
        STRONG_EXPIRABLE_EVICTABLE {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new StrongExpirableEvictableEntry(key, hash, next);
            }

            @Override
             ReferenceEntry copyEntry(
                    Segment segment, ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
                ReferenceEntry newEntry = super.copyEntry(segment, original, newNext);
                copyExpirableEntry(original, newEntry);
                copyEvictableEntry(original, newEntry);
                return newEntry;
            }
        },

        WEAK {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new WeakEntry(segment.keyReferenceQueue, key, hash, next);
            }
        },
        WEAK_EXPIRABLE {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new WeakExpirableEntry(segment.keyReferenceQueue, key, hash, next);
            }

            @Override
             ReferenceEntry copyEntry(
                    Segment segment, ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
                ReferenceEntry newEntry = super.copyEntry(segment, original, newNext);
                copyExpirableEntry(original, newEntry);
                return newEntry;
            }
        },
        WEAK_EVICTABLE {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new WeakEvictableEntry(segment.keyReferenceQueue, key, hash, next);
            }

            @Override
             ReferenceEntry copyEntry(
                    Segment segment, ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
                ReferenceEntry newEntry = super.copyEntry(segment, original, newNext);
                copyEvictableEntry(original, newEntry);
                return newEntry;
            }
        },
        WEAK_EXPIRABLE_EVICTABLE {
            @Override
             ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                    Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
                return new WeakExpirableEvictableEntry(segment.keyReferenceQueue, key, hash, next);
            }

            @Override
             ReferenceEntry copyEntry(
                    Segment segment, ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
                ReferenceEntry newEntry = super.copyEntry(segment, original, newNext);
                copyExpirableEntry(original, newEntry);
                copyEvictableEntry(original, newEntry);
                return newEntry;
            }
        };

        /**
         * Masks used to compute indices in the following table.
         */
        static final int EXPIRABLE_MASK = 1;
        static final int EVICTABLE_MASK = 2;

        /**
         * Look-up table for factories. First dimension is the reference type. The second dimension is
         * the result of OR-ing the feature masks.
         */
        static final EntryFactory[][] factories = {
                {STRONG, STRONG_EXPIRABLE, STRONG_EVICTABLE, STRONG_EXPIRABLE_EVICTABLE},
                {}, // no support for SOFT keys
                {WEAK, WEAK_EXPIRABLE, WEAK_EVICTABLE, WEAK_EXPIRABLE_EVICTABLE}
        };

        static EntryFactory getFactory(Strength keyStrength, boolean expireAfterWrite,
                                       boolean evictsBySize) {
            int flags = (expireAfterWrite ? EXPIRABLE_MASK : 0) | (evictsBySize ? EVICTABLE_MASK : 0);
            return factories[keyStrength.ordinal()][flags];
        }

        /**
         * Creates a new entry.
         *
         * @param segment to create the entry for
         * @param key     of the entry
         * @param hash    of the key
         * @param next    entry in the same bucket
         */
        abstract  ReferenceEntry newEntry(
                Segment segment, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next);

        /**
         * Copies an entry, assigning it a new {@code next} entry.
         *
         * @param original the entry to copy
         * @param newNext  entry in the same bucket
         */
        // Guarded By Segment.this
         ReferenceEntry copyEntry(
                Segment segment, ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
            return newEntry(segment, original.getKey(), original.getHash(), newNext);
        }

        // Guarded By Segment.this
         void copyExpirableEntry(ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newEntry) {
            // TODO(fry): when we link values instead of entries this method can go
            // away, as can connectExpirables, nullifyExpirable.
            newEntry.setExpirationTime(original.getExpirationTime());

            connectExpirables(original.getPreviousExpirable(), newEntry);
            connectExpirables(newEntry, original.getNextExpirable());

            nullifyExpirable(original);
        }

        // Guarded By Segment.this
         void copyEvictableEntry(ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newEntry) {
            // TODO(fry): when we link values instead of entries this method can go
            // away, as can connectEvictables, nullifyEvictable.
            connectEvictables(original.getPreviousEvictable(), newEntry);
            connectEvictables(newEntry, original.getNextEvictable());

            nullifyEvictable(original);
        }
    }

    private enum NullEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        INSTANCE;

        @Override
        public ValueReference getValueReference() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public void setValueReference(ValueReference valueReference) {
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNext() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public int getHash() {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public Object getKey() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
        }
    }

    /**
     * A reference to a value.
     */
    interface ValueReference {
        /**
         * Gets the value. Does not block or throw exceptions.
         */
        V get();

        /**
         * Returns the entry associated with this value reference, or {@code null} if this value
         * reference is independent of any entry.
         */
        ReferenceEntry getEntry();

        /**
         * Creates a copy of this reference for the given entry.
         * 

         * 
{@code value} may be null only for a loading reference.
         */
        ValueReference copyFor(
                ReferenceQueue queue, V value, ReferenceEntry entry);

        /**
         * Clears this reference object.
         *
         * @param newValue the new value reference which will replace this one; this is only used during
         *                 computation to immediately notify blocked threads of the new value
         */
        void clear(ValueReference newValue);

        /**
         * Returns {@code true} if the value type is a computing reference (regardless of whether or not
         * computation has completed). This is necessary to distiguish between partially-collected
         * entries and computing entries, which need to be cleaned up differently.
         */
        boolean isComputingReference();
    }

    /**
     * An entry in a reference map.
     * 

     * Entries in the map can be in the following states:
     * 

     * Valid:
     * - Live: valid key/value are set
     * - Computing: computation is pending
     * 

     * Invalid:
     * - Expired: time expired (key/value may still be set)
     * - Collected: key/value was partially collected, but not yet cleaned up
     */
    interface ReferenceEntry {
        /**
         * Gets the value reference from this entry.
         */
        ValueReference getValueReference();

        /**
         * Sets the value reference for this entry.
         */
        void setValueReference(ValueReference valueReference);

        /**
         * Gets the next entry in the chain.
         */
        ReferenceEntry getNext();

        /**
         * Gets the entry's hash.
         */
        int getHash();

        /**
         * Gets the key for this entry.
         */
        K getKey();

    /*
     * Used by entries that are expirable. Expirable entries are maintained in a doubly-linked list.
     * New entries are added at the tail of the list at write time; stale entries are expired from
     * the head of the list.
     */

        /**
         * Gets the entry expiration time in ns.
         */
        long getExpirationTime();

        /**
         * Sets the entry expiration time in ns.
         */
        void setExpirationTime(long time);

        /**
         * Gets the next entry in the recency list.
         */
        ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable();

        /**
         * Sets the next entry in the recency list.
         */
        void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next);

        /**
         * Gets the previous entry in the recency list.
         */
        ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable();

        /**
         * Sets the previous entry in the recency list.
         */
        void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous);

    /*
     * Implemented by entries that are evictable. Evictable entries are maintained in a
     * doubly-linked list. New entries are added at the tail of the list at write time and stale
     * entries are expired from the head of the list.
     */

        /**
         * Gets the next entry in the recency list.
         */
        ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable();

        /**
         * Sets the next entry in the recency list.
         */
        void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next);

        /**
         * Gets the previous entry in the recency list.
         */
        ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable();

        /**
         * Sets the previous entry in the recency list.
         */
        void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous);
    }

    abstract static class AbstractReferenceEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        @Override
        public ValueReference getValueReference() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setValueReference(ValueReference valueReference) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNext() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public int getHash() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public K getKey() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used for strongly-referenced keys.
     */
    static class StrongEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        final K key;
        final int hash;
        final ReferenceEntry next;

        // null expiration
        volatile ValueReference valueReference = unset();

        StrongEntry(K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.key = key;
            this.hash = hash;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public K getKey() {
            return this.key;
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        // null eviction

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        // The code below is exactly the same for each entry type.

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ValueReference getValueReference() {
            return valueReference;
        }

        @Override
        public void setValueReference(ValueReference valueReference) {
            ValueReference previous = this.valueReference;
            this.valueReference = valueReference;
            previous.clear(valueReference);
        }

        @Override
        public int getHash() {
            return hash;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNext() {
            return next;
        }
    }

    static final class StrongExpirableEntry extends StrongEntry
            implements ReferenceEntry {
        volatile long time = Long.MAX_VALUE;

        // The code below is exactly the same for each expirable entry type.
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextExpirable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousExpirable = nullEntry();

        StrongExpirableEntry(K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            super(key, hash, next);
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            return time;
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            this.time = time;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            return nextExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextExpirable = next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            return previousExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousExpirable = previous;
        }
    }

    static final class StrongEvictableEntry
            extends StrongEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextEvictable = nullEntry();

        // The code below is exactly the same for each evictable entry type.
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousEvictable = nullEntry();

        StrongEvictableEntry(K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            super(key, hash, next);
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            return nextEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextEvictable = next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            return previousEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousEvictable = previous;
        }
    }

    static final class StrongExpirableEvictableEntry
            extends StrongEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        volatile long time = Long.MAX_VALUE;

        // The code below is exactly the same for each expirable entry type.
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextExpirable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousExpirable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextEvictable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousEvictable = nullEntry();

        StrongExpirableEvictableEntry(K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            super(key, hash, next);
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            return time;
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            this.time = time;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            return nextExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextExpirable = next;
        }

        // The code below is exactly the same for each evictable entry type.

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            return previousExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousExpirable = previous;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            return nextEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextEvictable = next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            return previousEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousEvictable = previous;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used for weakly-referenced keys.
     */
    static class WeakEntry extends WeakReference implements ReferenceEntry {
        final int hash;
        final ReferenceEntry next;

        // null expiration
        volatile ValueReference valueReference = unset();

        WeakEntry(ReferenceQueue queue, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            super(key, queue);
            this.hash = hash;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public K getKey() {
            return get();
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        // null eviction

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        // The code below is exactly the same for each entry type.

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        @Override
        public ValueReference getValueReference() {
            return valueReference;
        }

        @Override
        public void setValueReference(ValueReference valueReference) {
            ValueReference previous = this.valueReference;
            this.valueReference = valueReference;
            previous.clear(valueReference);
        }

        @Override
        public int getHash() {
            return hash;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNext() {
            return next;
        }
    }

    static final class WeakExpirableEntry
            extends WeakEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        volatile long time = Long.MAX_VALUE;

        // The code below is exactly the same for each expirable entry type.
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextExpirable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousExpirable = nullEntry();

        WeakExpirableEntry(
                ReferenceQueue queue, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            super(queue, key, hash, next);
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            return time;
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            this.time = time;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            return nextExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextExpirable = next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            return previousExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousExpirable = previous;
        }
    }

    static final class WeakEvictableEntry
            extends WeakEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextEvictable = nullEntry();

        // The code below is exactly the same for each evictable entry type.
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousEvictable = nullEntry();

        WeakEvictableEntry(
                ReferenceQueue queue, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            super(queue, key, hash, next);
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            return nextEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextEvictable = next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            return previousEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousEvictable = previous;
        }
    }

    static final class WeakExpirableEvictableEntry
            extends WeakEntry implements ReferenceEntry {
        volatile long time = Long.MAX_VALUE;

        // The code below is exactly the same for each expirable entry type.
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextExpirable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousExpirable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry nextEvictable = nullEntry();
        // Guarded By Segment.this
        ReferenceEntry previousEvictable = nullEntry();

        WeakExpirableEvictableEntry(
                ReferenceQueue queue, K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            super(queue, key, hash, next);
        }

        @Override
        public long getExpirationTime() {
            return time;
        }

        @Override
        public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            this.time = time;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
            return nextExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextExpirable = next;
        }

        // The code below is exactly the same for each evictable entry type.

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
            return previousExpirable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousExpirable = previous;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
            return nextEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
            this.nextEvictable = next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
            return previousEvictable;
        }

        @Override
        public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
            this.previousEvictable = previous;
        }
    }

    /**
     * References a strong value.
     */
    static final class StrongValueReference implements ValueReference {
        final V referent;

        StrongValueReference(V referent) {
            this.referent = referent;
        }

        @Override
        public V get() {
            return referent;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry getEntry() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public ValueReference copyFor(
                ReferenceQueue queue, V value, ReferenceEntry entry) {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isComputingReference() {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void clear(ValueReference newValue) {
        }
    }

    /**
     * Segments are specialized versions of hash tables. This subclass inherits from ReentrantLock
     * opportunistically, just to simplify some locking and avoid separate construction.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("serial") // This class is never serialized.
    static class Segment extends ReentrantLock {

    /*
     * TODO(fry): Consider copying variables (like evictsBySize) from outer class into this class.
     * It will require more memory but will reduce indirection.
     */

    /*
     * Segments maintain a table of entry lists that are ALWAYS kept in a consistent state, so can
     * be read without locking. Next fields of nodes are immutable (final). All list additions are
     * performed at the front of each bin. This makes it easy to check changes, and also fast to
     * traverse. When nodes would otherwise be changed, new nodes are created to replace them. This
     * works well for hash tables since the bin lists tend to be short. (The average length is less
     * than two.)
     *
     * Read operations can thus proceed without locking, but rely on selected uses of volatiles to
     * ensure that completed write operations performed by other threads are noticed. For most
     * purposes, the "count" field, tracking the number of elements, serves as that volatile
     * variable ensuring visibility. This is convenient because this field needs to be read in many
     * read operations anyway:
     *
     * - All (unsynchronized) read operations must first read the "count" field, and should not
     * look at table entries if it is 0.
     *
     * - All (synchronized) write operations should write to the "count" field after structurally
     * changing any bin. The operations must not take any action that could even momentarily
     * cause a concurrent read operation to see inconsistent data. This is made easier by the
     * nature of the read operations in Map. For example, no operation can reveal that the table
     * has grown but the threshold has not yet been updated, so there are no atomicity requirements
     * for this with respect to reads.
     *
     * As a guide, all critical volatile reads and writes to the count field are marked in code
     * comments.
     */

        final MapMakerInternalMap map;
        /**
         * The maximum size of this map. MapMaker.UNSET_INT if there is no maximum.
         */
        final int maxSegmentSize;
        /**
         * The key reference queue contains entries whose keys have been garbage collected, and which
         * need to be cleaned up internally.
         */
        final ReferenceQueue keyReferenceQueue;
        /**
         * The value reference queue contains value references whose values have been garbage collected,
         * and which need to be cleaned up internally.
         */
        final ReferenceQueue valueReferenceQueue;
        /**
         * The recency queue is used to record which entries were accessed for updating the eviction
         * list's ordering. It is drained as a batch operation when either the DRAIN_THRESHOLD is
         * crossed or a write occurs on the segment.
         */
        final Queue> recencyQueue;
        /**
         * A counter of the number of reads since the last write, used to drain queues on a small
         * fraction of read operations.
         */
        final AtomicInteger readCount = new AtomicInteger();
        /**
         * A queue of elements currently in the map, ordered by access time. Elements are added to the
         * tail of the queue on access/write.
         */
        final Queue> evictionQueue;
        /**
         * A queue of elements currently in the map, ordered by expiration time (either access or write
         * time). Elements are added to the tail of the queue on access/write.
         */
        final Queue> expirationQueue;
        /**
         * The number of live elements in this segment's region. This does not include unset elements
         * which are awaiting cleanup.
         */
        volatile int count;
        /**
         * Number of updates that alter the size of the table. This is used during bulk-read methods to
         * make sure they see a consistent snapshot: If modCounts change during a traversal of segments
         * computing size or checking containsValue, then we might have an inconsistent view of state
         * so (usually) must retry.
         */
        int modCount;
        /**
         * The table is expanded when its size exceeds this threshold. (The value of this field is
         * always {@code (int) (capacity * 0.75)}.)
         */
        int threshold;
        /**
         * The per-segment table.
         */
        volatile AtomicReferenceArray> table;

        Segment(MapMakerInternalMap map, int initialCapacity, int maxSegmentSize) {
            this.map = map;
            this.maxSegmentSize = maxSegmentSize;
            initTable(newEntryArray(initialCapacity));

            keyReferenceQueue = map.usesKeyReferences()
                    ? new ReferenceQueue() : null;

            valueReferenceQueue = map.usesValueReferences()
                    ? new ReferenceQueue() : null;

            recencyQueue = (map.evictsBySize() || map.expiresAfterAccess())
                    ? new ConcurrentLinkedQueue>()
                    : MapMakerInternalMap.discardingQueue();

            evictionQueue = map.evictsBySize()
                    ? new EvictionQueue()
                    : MapMakerInternalMap.discardingQueue();

            expirationQueue = map.expires()
                    ? new ExpirationQueue()
                    : MapMakerInternalMap.discardingQueue();
        }

        AtomicReferenceArray> newEntryArray(int size) {
            return new AtomicReferenceArray>(size);
        }

        void initTable(AtomicReferenceArray> newTable) {
            this.threshold = newTable.length() * 3 / 4; // 0.75
            if (this.threshold == maxSegmentSize) {
                // prevent spurious expansion before eviction
                this.threshold++;
            }
            this.table = newTable;
        }

        ReferenceEntry newEntry(K key, int hash, ReferenceEntry next) {
            return map.entryFactory.newEntry(this, key, hash, next);
        }

        /**
         * Copies {@code original} into a new entry chained to {@code newNext}. Returns the new entry,
         * or {@code null} if {@code original} was already garbage collected.
         */
        ReferenceEntry copyEntry(ReferenceEntry original, ReferenceEntry newNext) {
            if (original.getKey() == null) {
                // key collected
                return null;
            }

            ValueReference valueReference = original.getValueReference();
            V value = valueReference.get();
            if ((value == null) && !valueReference.isComputingReference()) {
                // value collected
                return null;
            }

            ReferenceEntry newEntry = map.entryFactory.copyEntry(this, original, newNext);
            newEntry.setValueReference(valueReference.copyFor(this.valueReferenceQueue, value, newEntry));
            return newEntry;
        }

        /**
         * Sets a new value of an entry. Adds newly created entries at the end of the expiration queue.
         */
        void setValue(ReferenceEntry entry, V value) {
            ValueReference valueReference = map.valueStrength.referenceValue(this, entry, value);
            entry.setValueReference(valueReference);
            recordWrite(entry);
        }

        // reference queues, for garbage collection cleanup

        /**
         * Cleanup collected entries when the lock is available.
         */
        void tryDrainReferenceQueues() {
            if (tryLock()) {
                try {
                    drainReferenceQueues();
                } finally {
                    unlock();
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Drain the key and value reference queues, cleaning up internal entries containing garbage
         * collected keys or values.
         */
        void drainReferenceQueues() {
            if (map.usesKeyReferences()) {
                drainKeyReferenceQueue();
            }
            if (map.usesValueReferences()) {
                drainValueReferenceQueue();
            }
        }

        void drainKeyReferenceQueue() {
            Reference ref;
            int i = 0;
            while ((ref = keyReferenceQueue.poll()) != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                ReferenceEntry entry = (ReferenceEntry) ref;
                map.reclaimKey(entry);
                if (++i == DRAIN_MAX) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        void drainValueReferenceQueue() {
            Reference ref;
            int i = 0;
            while ((ref = valueReferenceQueue.poll()) != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                ValueReference valueReference = (ValueReference) ref;
                map.reclaimValue(valueReference);
                if (++i == DRAIN_MAX) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Clears all entries from the key and value reference queues.
         */
        void clearReferenceQueues() {
            if (map.usesKeyReferences()) {
                clearKeyReferenceQueue();
            }
            if (map.usesValueReferences()) {
                clearValueReferenceQueue();
            }
        }

        void clearKeyReferenceQueue() {
            while (keyReferenceQueue.poll() != null) {
            }
        }

        void clearValueReferenceQueue() {
            while (valueReferenceQueue.poll() != null) {
            }
        }

        // recency queue, shared by expiration and eviction

        /**
         * Records the relative order in which this read was performed by adding {@code entry} to the
         * recency queue. At write-time, or when the queue is full past the threshold, the queue will
         * be drained and the entries therein processed.
         * 

         * 
Note: locked reads should use {@link #recordLockedRead}.
         */
        void recordRead(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            if (map.expiresAfterAccess()) {
                recordExpirationTime(entry, map.expireAfterAccessNanos);
            }
            recencyQueue.add(entry);
        }

        /**
         * Updates the eviction metadata that {@code entry} was just read. This currently amounts to
         * adding {@code entry} to relevant eviction lists.
         * 

         * 
Note: this method should only be called under lock, as it directly manipulates the
         * eviction queues. Unlocked reads should use {@link #recordRead}.
         */
        void recordLockedRead(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            evictionQueue.add(entry);
            if (map.expiresAfterAccess()) {
                recordExpirationTime(entry, map.expireAfterAccessNanos);
                expirationQueue.add(entry);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Updates eviction metadata that {@code entry} was just written. This currently amounts to
         * adding {@code entry} to relevant eviction lists.
         */
        void recordWrite(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            // we are already under lock, so drain the recency queue immediately
            drainRecencyQueue();
            evictionQueue.add(entry);
            if (map.expires()) {
                // currently MapMaker ensures that expireAfterWrite and
                // expireAfterAccess are mutually exclusive
                long expiration = map.expiresAfterAccess()
                        ? map.expireAfterAccessNanos
                        : map.expireAfterWriteNanos;
                recordExpirationTime(entry, expiration);
                expirationQueue.add(entry);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Drains the recency queue, updating eviction metadata that the entries therein were read in
         * the specified relative order. This currently amounts to adding them to relevant eviction
         * lists (accounting for the fact that they could have been removed from the map since being
         * added to the recency queue).
         */
        void drainRecencyQueue() {
            ReferenceEntry e;
            while ((e = recencyQueue.poll()) != null) {
                // An entry may be in the recency queue despite it being removed from
                // the map . This can occur when the entry was concurrently read while a
                // writer is removing it from the segment or after a clear has removed
                // all of the segment's entries.
                if (evictionQueue.contains(e)) {
                    evictionQueue.add(e);
                }
                if (map.expiresAfterAccess() && expirationQueue.contains(e)) {
                    expirationQueue.add(e);
                }
            }
        }

        // expiration

        void recordExpirationTime(ReferenceEntry entry, long expirationNanos) {
            // might overflow, but that's okay (see isExpired())
            entry.setExpirationTime(map.ticker.read() + expirationNanos);
        }

        /**
         * Cleanup expired entries when the lock is available.
         */
        void tryExpireEntries() {
            if (tryLock()) {
                try {
                    expireEntries();
                } finally {
                    unlock();
                    // don't call postWriteCleanup as we're in a read
                }
            }
        }

        void expireEntries() {
            drainRecencyQueue();

            if (expirationQueue.isEmpty()) {
                // There's no point in calling nanoTime() if we have no entries to
                // expire.
                return;
            }
            long now = map.ticker.read();
            ReferenceEntry e;
            while ((e = expirationQueue.peek()) != null && map.isExpired(e, now)) {
                if (!removeEntry(e, e.getHash(), MapMaker.RemovalCause.EXPIRED)) {
                    throw new AssertionError();
                }
            }
        }

        // eviction

        void enqueueNotification(ReferenceEntry entry, MapMaker.RemovalCause cause) {
            enqueueNotification(entry.getKey(), entry.getHash(), entry.getValueReference().get(), cause);
        }

        void enqueueNotification(K key, int hash, V value, MapMaker.RemovalCause cause) {
            if (map.removalNotificationQueue != DISCARDING_QUEUE) {
                MapMaker.RemovalNotification notification = new MapMaker.RemovalNotification(key, value, cause);
                map.removalNotificationQueue.offer(notification);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Performs eviction if the segment is full. This should only be called prior to adding a new
         * entry and increasing {@code count}.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if eviction occurred
         */
        boolean evictEntries() {
            if (map.evictsBySize() && count >= maxSegmentSize) {
                drainRecencyQueue();

                ReferenceEntry e = evictionQueue.remove();
                if (!removeEntry(e, e.getHash(), MapMaker.RemovalCause.SIZE)) {
                    throw new AssertionError();
                }
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns first entry of bin for given hash.
         */
        ReferenceEntry getFirst(int hash) {
            // read this volatile field only once
            AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
            return table.get(hash & (table.length() - 1));
        }

        // Specialized implementations of map methods

        ReferenceEntry getEntry(Object key, int hash) {
            if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
                for (ReferenceEntry e = getFirst(hash); e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    if (e.getHash() != hash) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    K entryKey = e.getKey();
                    if (entryKey == null) {
                        tryDrainReferenceQueues();
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (map.keyEquivalence.equivalent(key, entryKey)) {
                        return e;
                    }
                }
            }

            return null;
        }

        ReferenceEntry getLiveEntry(Object key, int hash) {
            ReferenceEntry e = getEntry(key, hash);
            if (e == null) {
                return null;
            } else if (map.expires() && map.isExpired(e)) {
                tryExpireEntries();
                return null;
            }
            return e;
        }

        V get(Object key, int hash) {
            try {
                ReferenceEntry e = getLiveEntry(key, hash);
                if (e == null) {
                    return null;
                }

                V value = e.getValueReference().get();
                if (value != null) {
                    recordRead(e);
                } else {
                    tryDrainReferenceQueues();
                }
                return value;
            } finally {
                postReadCleanup();
            }
        }

        boolean containsKey(Object key, int hash) {
            try {
                if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
                    ReferenceEntry e = getLiveEntry(key, hash);
                    if (e == null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                    return e.getValueReference().get() != null;
                }

                return false;
            } finally {
                postReadCleanup();
            }
        }

        V put(K key, int hash, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
            lock();
            try {
                preWriteCleanup();

                int newCount = this.count + 1;
                if (newCount > this.threshold) { // ensure capacity
                    expand();
                    newCount = this.count + 1;
                }

                AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
                ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

                // Look for an existing entry.
                for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    K entryKey = e.getKey();
                    if (e.getHash() == hash && entryKey != null
                            && map.keyEquivalence.equivalent(key, entryKey)) {
                        // We found an existing entry.

                        ValueReference valueReference = e.getValueReference();
                        V entryValue = valueReference.get();

                        if (entryValue == null) {
                            ++modCount;
                            setValue(e, value);
                            if (!valueReference.isComputingReference()) {
                                enqueueNotification(key, hash, entryValue, MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED);
                                newCount = this.count; // count remains unchanged
                            } else if (evictEntries()) { // evictEntries after setting new value
                                newCount = this.count + 1;
                            }
                            this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                            return null;
                        } else if (onlyIfAbsent) {
                            // Mimic
                            // "if (!map.containsKey(key)) ...
                            // else return map.get(key);
                            recordLockedRead(e);
                            return entryValue;
                        } else {
                            // clobber existing entry, count remains unchanged
                            ++modCount;
                            enqueueNotification(key, hash, entryValue, MapMaker.RemovalCause.REPLACED);
                            setValue(e, value);
                            return entryValue;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Create a new entry.
                ++modCount;
                ReferenceEntry newEntry = newEntry(key, hash, first);
                setValue(newEntry, value);
                table.set(index, newEntry);
                if (evictEntries()) { // evictEntries after setting new value
                    newCount = this.count + 1;
                }
                this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                return null;
            } finally {
                unlock();
                postWriteCleanup();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Expands the table if possible.
         */
        void expand() {
            AtomicReferenceArray> oldTable = table;
            int oldCapacity = oldTable.length();
            if (oldCapacity >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
                return;
            }

      /*
       * Reclassify nodes in each list to new Map. Because we are using power-of-two expansion, the
       * elements from each bin must either stay at same index, or move with a power of two offset.
       * We eliminate unnecessary node creation by catching cases where old nodes can be reused
       * because their next fields won't change. Statistically, at the default threshold, only
       * about one-sixth of them need cloning when a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be
       * garbage collectable as soon as they are no longer referenced by any reader thread that may
       * be in the midst of traversing table right now.
       */

            int newCount = count;
            AtomicReferenceArray> newTable = newEntryArray(oldCapacity << 1);
            threshold = newTable.length() * 3 / 4;
            int newMask = newTable.length() - 1;
            for (int oldIndex = 0; oldIndex < oldCapacity; ++oldIndex) {
                // We need to guarantee that any existing reads of old Map can
                // proceed. So we cannot yet null out each bin.
                ReferenceEntry head = oldTable.get(oldIndex);

                if (head != null) {
                    ReferenceEntry next = head.getNext();
                    int headIndex = head.getHash() & newMask;

                    // Single node on list
                    if (next == null) {
                        newTable.set(headIndex, head);
                    } else {
                        // Reuse the consecutive sequence of nodes with the same target
                        // index from the end of the list. tail points to the first
                        // entry in the reusable list.
                        ReferenceEntry tail = head;
                        int tailIndex = headIndex;
                        for (ReferenceEntry e = next; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                            int newIndex = e.getHash() & newMask;
                            if (newIndex != tailIndex) {
                                // The index changed. We'll need to copy the previous entry.
                                tailIndex = newIndex;
                                tail = e;
                            }
                        }
                        newTable.set(tailIndex, tail);

                        // Clone nodes leading up to the tail.
                        for (ReferenceEntry e = head; e != tail; e = e.getNext()) {
                            int newIndex = e.getHash() & newMask;
                            ReferenceEntry newNext = newTable.get(newIndex);
                            ReferenceEntry newFirst = copyEntry(e, newNext);
                            if (newFirst != null) {
                                newTable.set(newIndex, newFirst);
                            } else {
                                removeCollectedEntry(e);
                                newCount--;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            table = newTable;
            this.count = newCount;
        }

        boolean replace(K key, int hash, V oldValue, V newValue) {
            lock();
            try {
                preWriteCleanup();

                AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
                ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

                for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    K entryKey = e.getKey();
                    if (e.getHash() == hash && entryKey != null
                            && map.keyEquivalence.equivalent(key, entryKey)) {
                        // If the value disappeared, this entry is partially collected,
                        // and we should pretend like it doesn't exist.
                        ValueReference valueReference = e.getValueReference();
                        V entryValue = valueReference.get();
                        if (entryValue == null) {
                            if (isCollected(valueReference)) {
                                int newCount = this.count - 1;
                                ++modCount;
                                enqueueNotification(entryKey, hash, entryValue, MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED);
                                ReferenceEntry newFirst = removeFromChain(first, e);
                                newCount = this.count - 1;
                                table.set(index, newFirst);
                                this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                            }
                            return false;
                        }

                        if (map.valueEquivalence.equivalent(oldValue, entryValue)) {
                            ++modCount;
                            enqueueNotification(key, hash, entryValue, MapMaker.RemovalCause.REPLACED);
                            setValue(e, newValue);
                            return true;
                        } else {
                            // Mimic
                            // "if (map.containsKey(key) && map.get(key).equals(oldValue))..."
                            recordLockedRead(e);
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }

                return false;
            } finally {
                unlock();
                postWriteCleanup();
            }
        }

        V replace(K key, int hash, V newValue) {
            lock();
            try {
                preWriteCleanup();

                AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
                ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

                for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    K entryKey = e.getKey();
                    if (e.getHash() == hash && entryKey != null
                            && map.keyEquivalence.equivalent(key, entryKey)) {
                        // If the value disappeared, this entry is partially collected,
                        // and we should pretend like it doesn't exist.
                        ValueReference valueReference = e.getValueReference();
                        V entryValue = valueReference.get();
                        if (entryValue == null) {
                            if (isCollected(valueReference)) {
                                int newCount = this.count - 1;
                                ++modCount;
                                enqueueNotification(entryKey, hash, entryValue, MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED);
                                ReferenceEntry newFirst = removeFromChain(first, e);
                                newCount = this.count - 1;
                                table.set(index, newFirst);
                                this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                            }
                            return null;
                        }

                        ++modCount;
                        enqueueNotification(key, hash, entryValue, MapMaker.RemovalCause.REPLACED);
                        setValue(e, newValue);
                        return entryValue;
                    }
                }

                return null;
            } finally {
                unlock();
                postWriteCleanup();
            }
        }

        V remove(Object key, int hash) {
            lock();
            try {
                preWriteCleanup();

                int newCount = this.count - 1;
                AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
                ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

                for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    K entryKey = e.getKey();
                    if (e.getHash() == hash && entryKey != null
                            && map.keyEquivalence.equivalent(key, entryKey)) {
                        ValueReference valueReference = e.getValueReference();
                        V entryValue = valueReference.get();

                        MapMaker.RemovalCause cause;
                        if (entryValue != null) {
                            cause = MapMaker.RemovalCause.EXPLICIT;
                        } else if (isCollected(valueReference)) {
                            cause = MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED;
                        } else {
                            return null;
                        }

                        ++modCount;
                        enqueueNotification(entryKey, hash, entryValue, cause);
                        ReferenceEntry newFirst = removeFromChain(first, e);
                        newCount = this.count - 1;
                        table.set(index, newFirst);
                        this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                        return entryValue;
                    }
                }

                return null;
            } finally {
                unlock();
                postWriteCleanup();
            }
        }

        boolean remove(Object key, int hash, Object value) {
            lock();
            try {
                preWriteCleanup();

                int newCount = this.count - 1;
                AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
                ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

                for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    K entryKey = e.getKey();
                    if (e.getHash() == hash && entryKey != null
                            && map.keyEquivalence.equivalent(key, entryKey)) {
                        ValueReference valueReference = e.getValueReference();
                        V entryValue = valueReference.get();

                        MapMaker.RemovalCause cause;
                        if (map.valueEquivalence.equivalent(value, entryValue)) {
                            cause = MapMaker.RemovalCause.EXPLICIT;
                        } else if (isCollected(valueReference)) {
                            cause = MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED;
                        } else {
                            return false;
                        }

                        ++modCount;
                        enqueueNotification(entryKey, hash, entryValue, cause);
                        ReferenceEntry newFirst = removeFromChain(first, e);
                        newCount = this.count - 1;
                        table.set(index, newFirst);
                        this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                        return (cause == MapMaker.RemovalCause.EXPLICIT);
                    }
                }

                return false;
            } finally {
                unlock();
                postWriteCleanup();
            }
        }

        void clear() {
            if (count != 0) {
                lock();
                try {
                    AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                    if (map.removalNotificationQueue != DISCARDING_QUEUE) {
                        for (int i = 0; i < table.length(); ++i) {
                            for (ReferenceEntry e = table.get(i); e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                                // Computing references aren't actually in the map yet.
                                if (!e.getValueReference().isComputingReference()) {
                                    enqueueNotification(e, MapMaker.RemovalCause.EXPLICIT);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    for (int i = 0; i < table.length(); ++i) {
                        table.set(i, null);
                    }
                    clearReferenceQueues();
                    evictionQueue.clear();
                    expirationQueue.clear();
                    readCount.set(0);

                    ++modCount;
                    count = 0; // write-volatile
                } finally {
                    unlock();
                    postWriteCleanup();
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Removes an entry from within a table. All entries following the removed node can stay, but
         * all preceding ones need to be cloned.
         * 

         * 
This method does not decrement count for the removed entry, but does decrement count for
         * all partially collected entries which are skipped. As such callers which are modifying count
         * must re-read it after calling removeFromChain.
         *
         * @param first the first entry of the table
         * @param entry the entry being removed from the table
         * @return the new first entry for the table
         */
        ReferenceEntry removeFromChain(ReferenceEntry first, ReferenceEntry entry) {
            evictionQueue.remove(entry);
            expirationQueue.remove(entry);

            int newCount = count;
            ReferenceEntry newFirst = entry.getNext();
            for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != entry; e = e.getNext()) {
                ReferenceEntry next = copyEntry(e, newFirst);
                if (next != null) {
                    newFirst = next;
                } else {
                    removeCollectedEntry(e);
                    newCount--;
                }
            }
            this.count = newCount;
            return newFirst;
        }

        void removeCollectedEntry(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            enqueueNotification(entry, MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED);
            evictionQueue.remove(entry);
            expirationQueue.remove(entry);
        }

        /**
         * Removes an entry whose key has been garbage collected.
         */
        boolean reclaimKey(ReferenceEntry entry, int hash) {
            lock();
            try {
                int newCount = count - 1;
                AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
                ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

                for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    if (e == entry) {
                        ++modCount;
                        enqueueNotification(
                                e.getKey(), hash, e.getValueReference().get(), MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED);
                        ReferenceEntry newFirst = removeFromChain(first, e);
                        newCount = this.count - 1;
                        table.set(index, newFirst);
                        this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                        return true;
                    }
                }

                return false;
            } finally {
                unlock();
                postWriteCleanup();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Removes an entry whose value has been garbage collected.
         */
        boolean reclaimValue(K key, int hash, ValueReference valueReference) {
            lock();
            try {
                int newCount = this.count - 1;
                AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
                int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
                ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

                for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                    K entryKey = e.getKey();
                    if (e.getHash() == hash && entryKey != null
                            && map.keyEquivalence.equivalent(key, entryKey)) {
                        ValueReference v = e.getValueReference();
                        if (v == valueReference) {
                            ++modCount;
                            enqueueNotification(key, hash, valueReference.get(), MapMaker.RemovalCause.COLLECTED);
                            ReferenceEntry newFirst = removeFromChain(first, e);
                            newCount = this.count - 1;
                            table.set(index, newFirst);
                            this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                            return true;
                        }
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                return false;
            } finally {
                unlock();
                if (!isHeldByCurrentThread()) { // don't cleanup inside of put
                    postWriteCleanup();
                }
            }
        }

        boolean removeEntry(ReferenceEntry entry, int hash, MapMaker.RemovalCause cause) {
            int newCount = this.count - 1;
            AtomicReferenceArray> table = this.table;
            int index = hash & (table.length() - 1);
            ReferenceEntry first = table.get(index);

            for (ReferenceEntry e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) {
                if (e == entry) {
                    ++modCount;
                    enqueueNotification(e.getKey(), hash, e.getValueReference().get(), cause);
                    ReferenceEntry newFirst = removeFromChain(first, e);
                    newCount = this.count - 1;
                    table.set(index, newFirst);
                    this.count = newCount; // write-volatile
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns {@code true} if the value has been partially collected, meaning that the value is
         * null and it is not computing.
         */
        boolean isCollected(ValueReference valueReference) {
            if (valueReference.isComputingReference()) {
                return false;
            }
            return (valueReference.get() == null);
        }

        /**
         * Gets the value from an entry. Returns {@code null} if the entry is invalid,
         * partially-collected, computing, or expired.
         */
        V getLiveValue(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            if (entry.getKey() == null) {
                tryDrainReferenceQueues();
                return null;
            }
            V value = entry.getValueReference().get();
            if (value == null) {
                tryDrainReferenceQueues();
                return null;
            }

            if (map.expires() && map.isExpired(entry)) {
                tryExpireEntries();
                return null;
            }
            return value;
        }

        /**
         * Performs routine cleanup following a read. Normally cleanup happens during writes, or from
         * the cleanupExecutor. If cleanup is not observed after a sufficient number of reads, try
         * cleaning up from the read thread.
         */
        void postReadCleanup() {
            if ((readCount.incrementAndGet() & DRAIN_THRESHOLD) == 0) {
                runCleanup();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Performs routine cleanup prior to executing a write. This should be called every time a
         * write thread acquires the segment lock, immediately after acquiring the lock.
         * 

         * 
Post-condition: expireEntries has been run.
         */
        void preWriteCleanup() {
            runLockedCleanup();
        }

        /**
         * Performs routine cleanup following a write.
         */
        void postWriteCleanup() {
            runUnlockedCleanup();
        }

        void runCleanup() {
            runLockedCleanup();
            runUnlockedCleanup();
        }

        void runLockedCleanup() {
            if (tryLock()) {
                try {
                    drainReferenceQueues();
                    expireEntries(); // calls drainRecencyQueue
                    readCount.set(0);
                } finally {
                    unlock();
                }
            }
        }

        void runUnlockedCleanup() {
            // locked cleanup may generate notifications we can send unlocked
            if (!isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                map.processPendingNotifications();
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * A custom queue for managing eviction order. Note that this is tightly integrated with {@code
     * ReferenceEntry}, upon which it relies to perform its linking.
     * 

     * 
Note that this entire implementation makes the assumption that all elements which are in
     * the map are also in this queue, and that all elements not in the queue are not in the map.
     * 

     * 
The benefits of creating our own queue are that (1) we can replace elements in the middle
     * of the queue as part of copyEvictableEntry, and (2) the contains method is highly optimized
     * for the current model.
     */
    static final class EvictionQueue extends AbstractQueue> {
        final ReferenceEntry head = new AbstractReferenceEntry() {

            ReferenceEntry nextEvictable = this;
            ReferenceEntry previousEvictable = this;

            @Override
            public ReferenceEntry getNextEvictable() {
                return nextEvictable;
            }

            @Override
            public void setNextEvictable(ReferenceEntry next) {
                this.nextEvictable = next;
            }

            @Override
            public ReferenceEntry getPreviousEvictable() {
                return previousEvictable;
            }

            @Override
            public void setPreviousEvictable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
                this.previousEvictable = previous;
            }
        };

        // implements Queue

        @Override
        public boolean offer(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            // unlink
            connectEvictables(entry.getPreviousEvictable(), entry.getNextEvictable());

            // add to tail
            connectEvictables(head.getPreviousEvictable(), entry);
            connectEvictables(entry, head);

            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry peek() {
            ReferenceEntry next = head.getNextEvictable();
            return (next == head) ? null : next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry poll() {
            ReferenceEntry next = head.getNextEvictable();
            if (next == head) {
                return null;
            }

            remove(next);
            return next;
        }

        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            ReferenceEntry e = (ReferenceEntry) o;
            ReferenceEntry previous = e.getPreviousEvictable();
            ReferenceEntry next = e.getNextEvictable();
            connectEvictables(previous, next);
            nullifyEvictable(e);

            return next != NullEntry.INSTANCE;
        }

        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            ReferenceEntry e = (ReferenceEntry) o;
            return e.getNextEvictable() != NullEntry.INSTANCE;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return head.getNextEvictable() == head;
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            int size = 0;
            for (ReferenceEntry e = head.getNextEvictable(); e != head; e = e.getNextEvictable()) {
                size++;
            }
            return size;
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {
            ReferenceEntry e = head.getNextEvictable();
            while (e != head) {
                ReferenceEntry next = e.getNextEvictable();
                nullifyEvictable(e);
                e = next;
            }

            head.setNextEvictable(head);
            head.setPreviousEvictable(head);
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator> iterator() {
            return new AbstractSequentialIterator>(peek()) {
                @Override
                protected ReferenceEntry computeNext(ReferenceEntry previous) {
                    ReferenceEntry next = previous.getNextEvictable();
                    return (next == head) ? null : next;
                }
            };
        }
    }

    // Iterator Support

    /**
     * A custom queue for managing expiration order. Note that this is tightly integrated with
     * {@code ReferenceEntry}, upon which it reliese to perform its linking.
     * 

     * 
Note that this entire implementation makes the assumption that all elements which are in
     * the map are also in this queue, and that all elements not in the queue are not in the map.
     * 

     * 
The benefits of creating our own queue are that (1) we can replace elements in the middle
     * of the queue as part of copyEvictableEntry, and (2) the contains method is highly optimized
     * for the current model.
     */
    static final class ExpirationQueue extends AbstractQueue> {
        final ReferenceEntry head = new AbstractReferenceEntry() {

            ReferenceEntry nextExpirable = this;
            ReferenceEntry previousExpirable = this;

            @Override
            public long getExpirationTime() {
                return Long.MAX_VALUE;
            }

            @Override
            public void setExpirationTime(long time) {
            }

            @Override
            public ReferenceEntry getNextExpirable() {
                return nextExpirable;
            }

            @Override
            public void setNextExpirable(ReferenceEntry next) {
                this.nextExpirable = next;
            }

            @Override
            public ReferenceEntry getPreviousExpirable() {
                return previousExpirable;
            }

            @Override
            public void setPreviousExpirable(ReferenceEntry previous) {
                this.previousExpirable = previous;
            }
        };

        // implements Queue

        @Override
        public boolean offer(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            // unlink
            connectExpirables(entry.getPreviousExpirable(), entry.getNextExpirable());

            // add to tail
            connectExpirables(head.getPreviousExpirable(), entry);
            connectExpirables(entry, head);

            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry peek() {
            ReferenceEntry next = head.getNextExpirable();
            return (next == head) ? null : next;
        }

        @Override
        public ReferenceEntry poll() {
            ReferenceEntry next = head.getNextExpirable();
            if (next == head) {
                return null;
            }

            remove(next);
            return next;
        }

        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            ReferenceEntry e = (ReferenceEntry) o;
            ReferenceEntry previous = e.getPreviousExpirable();
            ReferenceEntry next = e.getNextExpirable();
            connectExpirables(previous, next);
            nullifyExpirable(e);

            return next != NullEntry.INSTANCE;
        }

        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            ReferenceEntry e = (ReferenceEntry) o;
            return e.getNextExpirable() != NullEntry.INSTANCE;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return head.getNextExpirable() == head;
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            int size = 0;
            for (ReferenceEntry e = head.getNextExpirable(); e != head; e = e.getNextExpirable()) {
                size++;
            }
            return size;
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {
            ReferenceEntry e = head.getNextExpirable();
            while (e != head) {
                ReferenceEntry next = e.getNextExpirable();
                nullifyExpirable(e);
                e = next;
            }

            head.setNextExpirable(head);
            head.setPreviousExpirable(head);
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator> iterator() {
            return new AbstractSequentialIterator>(peek()) {
                @Override
                protected ReferenceEntry computeNext(ReferenceEntry previous) {
                    ReferenceEntry next = previous.getNextExpirable();
                    return (next == head) ? null : next;
                }
            };
        }
    }

    abstract class HashIterator implements Iterator {

        int nextSegmentIndex;
        int nextTableIndex;
        Segment currentSegment;
        AtomicReferenceArray> currentTable;
        ReferenceEntry nextEntry;
        WriteThroughEntry nextExternal;
        WriteThroughEntry lastReturned;

        HashIterator() {
            nextSegmentIndex = segments.length - 1;
            nextTableIndex = -1;
            advance();
        }

        @Override
        public abstract E next();

        final void advance() {
            nextExternal = null;

            if (nextInChain()) {
                return;
            }

            if (nextInTable()) {
                return;
            }

            while (nextSegmentIndex >= 0) {
                currentSegment = segments[nextSegmentIndex--];
                if (currentSegment.count != 0) {
                    currentTable = currentSegment.table;
                    nextTableIndex = currentTable.length() - 1;
                    if (nextInTable()) {
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Finds the next entry in the current chain. Returns {@code true} if an entry was found.
         */
        boolean nextInChain() {
            if (nextEntry != null) {
                for (nextEntry = nextEntry.getNext(); nextEntry != null; nextEntry = nextEntry.getNext()) {
                    if (advanceTo(nextEntry)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Finds the next entry in the current table. Returns {@code true} if an entry was found.
         */
        boolean nextInTable() {
            while (nextTableIndex >= 0) {
                if ((nextEntry = currentTable.get(nextTableIndex--)) != null) {
                    if (advanceTo(nextEntry) || nextInChain()) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Advances to the given entry. Returns {@code true} if the entry was valid, {@code false} if it
         * should be skipped.
         */
        boolean advanceTo(ReferenceEntry entry) {
            try {
                K key = entry.getKey();
                V value = getLiveValue(entry);
                if (value != null) {
                    nextExternal = new WriteThroughEntry(key, value);
                    return true;
                } else {
                    // Skip stale entry.
                    return false;
                }
            } finally {
                currentSegment.postReadCleanup();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return nextExternal != null;
        }

        WriteThroughEntry nextEntry() {
            if (nextExternal == null) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            lastReturned = nextExternal;
            advance();
            return lastReturned;
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {
            CollectPreconditions.checkRemove(lastReturned != null);
            MapMakerInternalMap.this.remove(lastReturned.getKey());
            lastReturned = null;
        }
    }

    final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator {

        @Override
        public K next() {
            return nextEntry().getKey();
        }
    }

    final class ValueIterator extends HashIterator {

        @Override
        public V next() {
            return nextEntry().getValue();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Custom Entry class used by EntryIterator.next(), that relays setValue changes to the
     * underlying map.
     */
    final class WriteThroughEntry extends AbstractMapEntry {
        final K key; // non-null
        V value; // non-null

        WriteThroughEntry(K key, V value) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
        }

        @Override
        public K getKey() {
            return key;
        }

        @Override
        public V getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object object) {
            // Cannot use key and value equivalence
            if (object instanceof Entry) {
                Entry that = (Entry) object;
                return key.equals(that.getKey()) && value.equals(that.getValue());
            }
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            // Cannot use key and value equivalence
            return key.hashCode() ^ value.hashCode();
        }

        @Override
        public V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = put(key, newValue);
            value = newValue; // only if put succeeds
            return oldValue;
        }
    }

    final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator> {

        @Override
        public Entry next() {
            return nextEntry();
        }
    }

    private final class KeySet extends AbstractSet {

        @Override
        public Iterator iterator() {
            return new KeyIterator();
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.size();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.isEmpty();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.containsKey(o);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.remove(o) != null;
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {
            MapMakerInternalMap.this.clear();
        }
    }

    private final class Values extends AbstractCollection {

        @Override
        public Iterator iterator() {
            return new ValueIterator();
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.size();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.isEmpty();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.containsValue(o);
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {
            MapMakerInternalMap.this.clear();
        }
    }

    // Serialization Support

    private final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet> {

        @Override
        public Iterator> iterator() {
            return new EntryIterator();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Entry)) {
                return false;
            }
            Entry e = (Entry) o;
            Object key = e.getKey();
            if (key == null) {
                return false;
            }
            V v = MapMakerInternalMap.this.get(key);

            return v != null && valueEquivalence.equivalent(e.getValue(), v);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Entry)) {
                return false;
            }
            Entry e = (Entry) o;
            Object key = e.getKey();
            return key != null && MapMakerInternalMap.this.remove(key, e.getValue());
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.size();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return MapMakerInternalMap.this.isEmpty();
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {
            MapMakerInternalMap.this.clear();
        }
    }

}
 















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