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Truffle is a multi-language framework for executing dynamic languages that achieves high performance when combined with Graal.

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package com.oracle.truffle.api;

import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.Frame;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameDescriptor;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameInstance;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameInstance.FrameAccess;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameInstanceVisitor;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.MaterializedFrame;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.VirtualFrame;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.DirectCallNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.IndirectCallNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.LoopNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.RepeatingNode;

/**
 * Interface representing a Truffle runtime object. The runtime is responsible for creating call
 * targets and performing optimizations for them.
 *
 * @since 0.8 or earlier
 */
public interface TruffleRuntime {

    /**
     * Name describing this runtime implementation for debugging purposes.
     *
     * @return the name as a String
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    String getName();

    /**
     * Creates a new runtime specific version of {@link DirectCallNode}.
     *
     * @param target the direct {@link CallTarget} to call
     * @return the new call node
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    DirectCallNode createDirectCallNode(CallTarget target);

    /**
     * Creates a new loop node with an implementation provided by a Truffle runtime implementation.
     * Using Truffle loop nodes allows the runtime to do additional optimizations such as on stack
     * replacement for loops.
     *
     * @see LoopNode usage example
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    LoopNode createLoopNode(RepeatingNode body);

    /**
     * Creates a new runtime specific version of {@link IndirectCallNode}.
     *
     * @return the new call node
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    IndirectCallNode createIndirectCallNode();

    /**
     * Creates a new assumption object that can be checked and invalidated.
     *
     * @return the newly created assumption object
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    Assumption createAssumption();

    /**
     * Creates a new assumption object with a given name that can be checked and invalidated.
     *
     * @param name the name for the new assumption
     * @return the newly created assumption object
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    Assumption createAssumption(String name);

    /**
     * Creates a new virtual frame object that can be used to store values and is potentially
     * optimizable by the runtime.
     *
     * @return the newly created virtual frame object
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    VirtualFrame createVirtualFrame(Object[] arguments, FrameDescriptor frameDescriptor);

    /**
     * Creates a new materialized frame object that can be used to store values.
     *
     * @return the newly created materialized frame object
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    MaterializedFrame createMaterializedFrame(Object[] arguments);

    /**
     * Creates a new materialized frame object with the given frame descriptor that can be used to
     * store values.
     *
     * @param frameDescriptor the frame descriptor describing this frame's values
     * @return the newly created materialized frame object
     * @since 0.8 or earlier
     */
    MaterializedFrame createMaterializedFrame(Object[] arguments, FrameDescriptor frameDescriptor);

    /**
     * Accesses the current stack, i.e., the contents of the {@link Frame}s and the associated
     * {@link CallTarget}s. Iteration starts at the current frame.
     *
     * Iteration continues as long as {@link FrameInstanceVisitor#visitFrame}, which is invoked for
     * every {@link FrameInstance}, returns null. Any non-null result of the visitor indicates that
     * frame iteration should stop.
     * 

* Instances of {@link FrameInstance} must note escape the invocation of * {@link FrameInstanceVisitor#visitFrame(FrameInstance)}. This rule is currently not enforced, * but will be in future versions of Truffle. * *

* Note that this method can cause deoptimization if * {@link FrameInstance#getFrame(FrameInstance.FrameAccess)} is called with * {@link FrameAccess#READ_WRITE} or {@link FrameAccess#MATERIALIZE} on the fast path. * Instructions and flags for debugging such deoptimizations can be found in /truffle/docs/Optimizing.md#debugging-deoptimizations * *

* To get possible asynchronous stack frames, use * {@link TruffleStackTrace#getAsynchronousStackTrace(CallTarget, Frame)} and provide call * target and frame from the last {@link FrameInstance}. * * @param visitor the visitor that is called for every matching frame. * @return the last result returned by the visitor (which is non-null to indicate that iteration * should stop), or null if the whole stack was iterated. * @since 0.8 or earlier */ default T iterateFrames(FrameInstanceVisitor visitor) { return iterateFrames(visitor, 0); } /** * Accesses the current stack, i.e., the contents of the {@link Frame}s and the associated * {@link CallTarget}s. Iteration starts at the current frame and skips a number of frames * provided as argument. * * Iteration continues as long as {@link FrameInstanceVisitor#visitFrame}, which is invoked for * every {@link FrameInstance}, returns null. Any non-null result of the visitor indicates that * frame iteration should stop. *

* Instances of {@link FrameInstance} must note escape the invocation of * {@link FrameInstanceVisitor#visitFrame(FrameInstance)}. This rule is currently not enforced, * but will be in future versions of Truffle. * *

* Note that this method can cause deoptimization if * {@link FrameInstance#getFrame(FrameInstance.FrameAccess)} is called with * {@link FrameAccess#READ_WRITE} or {@link FrameAccess#MATERIALIZE} on the fast path. * Instructions and flags for debugging such deoptimizations can be found in /truffle/docs/Optimizing.md#debugging-deoptimizations * *

* To get possible asynchronous stack frames, use * {@link TruffleStackTrace#getAsynchronousStackTrace(CallTarget, Frame)} and provide call * target and frame from the last {@link FrameInstance}. * * @param visitor the visitor that is called for every matching frame. * @param skipFrames number of frames to skip before invoking the visitor * @return the last result returned by the visitor (which is non-null to indicate that iteration * should stop), or null if the whole stack was iterated. * @since 21.1 */ default T iterateFrames(FrameInstanceVisitor visitor, @SuppressWarnings("unused") int skipFrames) { throw new AbstractMethodError(); } /** * Requests a capability from the runtime. * * @param capability the type of the interface representing the capability * @return an implementation of the capability or {@code null} if the runtime does not offer it * @since 0.8 or earlier */ T getCapability(Class capability); /** * Internal API method. Do not use. * * @since 0.8 or earlier */ void notifyTransferToInterpreter(); /** * Whether or not the {@link TruffleRuntime} implementation can or wants to use gathered * profiling information Truffle compilation. If this method returns false then all * profiles in the {@link com.oracle.truffle.api.utilities} package are returning void * implementations. If it returns true then all implementations gather profilinig * information. * * @since 0.8 or earlier */ boolean isProfilingEnabled(); }





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