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/*
 * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
 *
 * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later.
 * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or .
 */
package org.hibernate.dialect.pagination;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.hibernate.engine.spi.RowSelection;
import org.hibernate.internal.util.StringHelper;

/**
 * LIMIT clause handler compatible with SQL Server 2005 and later.
 *
 * @author Lukasz Antoniak (lukasz dot antoniak at gmail dot com)
 * @author Chris Cranford
 */
public class SQLServer2005LimitHandler extends AbstractLimitHandler {
	private static final String SELECT = "select";
	private static final String FROM = "from";
	private static final String DISTINCT = "distinct";
	private static final String ORDER_BY = "order by";
	private static final String SELECT_DISTINCT = SELECT + " " + DISTINCT;
	private static final String SELECT_DISTINCT_SPACE = SELECT_DISTINCT + " ";

	final String SELECT_SPACE = "select ";

	private static final Pattern SELECT_DISTINCT_PATTERN = buildShallowIndexPattern( SELECT_DISTINCT_SPACE, true );
	private static final Pattern SELECT_PATTERN = buildShallowIndexPattern( SELECT + "(.*)", true );
	private static final Pattern FROM_PATTERN = buildShallowIndexPattern( FROM, true );
	private static final Pattern DISTINCT_PATTERN = buildShallowIndexPattern( DISTINCT, true );
	private static final Pattern ORDER_BY_PATTERN = buildShallowIndexPattern( ORDER_BY, true );
	private static final Pattern COMMA_PATTERN = buildShallowIndexPattern( ",", false );
	private static final Pattern ALIAS_PATTERN =
			Pattern.compile( "(?![^\\[]*(\\]))\\S+\\s*(\\s(?i)as\\s)\\s*(\\S+)*\\s*$|(?![^\\[]*(\\]))\\s+(\\S+)$" );

	// Flag indicating whether TOP(?) expression has been added to the original query.
	private boolean topAdded;

	/**
	 * Constructs a SQLServer2005LimitHandler
	 */
	public SQLServer2005LimitHandler() {
		// NOP
	}

	@Override
	public boolean supportsLimit() {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean useMaxForLimit() {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean supportsLimitOffset() {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean supportsVariableLimit() {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public int convertToFirstRowValue(int zeroBasedFirstResult) {
		// Our dialect paginated results aren't zero based. The first row should get the number 1 and so on
		return zeroBasedFirstResult + 1;
	}

	/**
	 * Add a LIMIT clause to the given SQL SELECT (HHH-2655: ROW_NUMBER for Paging)
	 *
	 * The LIMIT SQL will look like:
	 *
	 * 
	 * WITH query AS (
	 *   SELECT inner_query.*
	 *        , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) as __hibernate_row_nr__
	 *     FROM ( original_query_with_top_if_order_by_present_and_all_aliased_columns ) inner_query
	 * )
	 * SELECT alias_list FROM query WHERE __hibernate_row_nr__ >= offset AND __hibernate_row_nr__ < offset + last
	 * 
* * When offset equals {@literal 0}, only TOP(?) expression is added to the original query. * * @return A new SQL statement with the LIMIT clause applied. */ @Override public String processSql(String sql, RowSelection selection) { final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( sql ); if ( sb.charAt( sb.length() - 1 ) == ';' ) { sb.setLength( sb.length() - 1 ); } if ( LimitHelper.hasFirstRow( selection ) ) { final String selectClause = fillAliasInSelectClause( sb ); final int orderByIndex = shallowIndexOfPattern( sb, ORDER_BY_PATTERN, 0 ); if ( orderByIndex > 0 ) { // ORDER BY requires using TOP. addTopExpression( sb ); } encloseWithOuterQuery( sb ); // Wrap the query within a with statement: sb.insert( 0, "WITH query AS (" ).append( ") SELECT " ).append( selectClause ).append( " FROM query " ); sb.append( "WHERE __hibernate_row_nr__ >= ? AND __hibernate_row_nr__ < ?" ); } else { addTopExpression( sb ); } return sb.toString(); } @Override public int bindLimitParametersAtStartOfQuery(RowSelection selection, PreparedStatement statement, int index) throws SQLException { if ( topAdded ) { // Binding TOP(?) statement.setInt( index, getMaxOrLimit( selection ) - 1 ); return 1; } return 0; } @Override public int bindLimitParametersAtEndOfQuery(RowSelection selection, PreparedStatement statement, int index) throws SQLException { return LimitHelper.hasFirstRow( selection ) ? super.bindLimitParametersAtEndOfQuery( selection, statement, index ) : 0; } /** * Adds missing aliases in provided SELECT clause and returns coma-separated list of them. * If query takes advantage of expressions like {@literal *} or {@literal {table}.*} inside SELECT clause, * method returns {@literal *}. * * @param sb SQL query. * * @return List of aliases separated with comas or {@literal *}. */ protected String fillAliasInSelectClause(StringBuilder sb) { final String separator = System.lineSeparator(); final List aliases = new LinkedList(); final int startPos = getSelectColumnsStartPosition( sb ); int endPos = shallowIndexOfPattern( sb, FROM_PATTERN, startPos ); int nextComa = startPos; int prevComa = startPos; int unique = 0; boolean selectsMultipleColumns = false; while ( nextComa != -1 ) { prevComa = nextComa; nextComa = shallowIndexOfPattern( sb, COMMA_PATTERN, nextComa ); if ( nextComa > endPos ) { break; } if ( nextComa != -1 ) { final String expression = sb.substring( prevComa, nextComa ); if ( selectsMultipleColumns( expression ) ) { selectsMultipleColumns = true; } else { String alias = getAlias( expression ); if ( alias == null ) { // Inserting alias. It is unlikely that we would have to add alias, but just in case. alias = StringHelper.generateAlias( "page", unique ); sb.insert( nextComa, " as " + alias ); final int aliasExprLength = ( " as " + alias ).length(); ++unique; nextComa += aliasExprLength; endPos += aliasExprLength; } aliases.add( alias ); } ++nextComa; } } // Processing last column. // Refreshing end position, because we might have inserted new alias. endPos = shallowIndexOfPattern( sb, FROM_PATTERN, startPos ); final String expression = sb.substring( prevComa, endPos ); if ( selectsMultipleColumns( expression ) ) { selectsMultipleColumns = true; } else { String alias = getAlias( expression ); if ( alias == null ) { // Inserting alias. It is unlikely that we would have to add alias, but just in case. alias = StringHelper.generateAlias( "page", unique ); final boolean endWithSeparator = sb.substring( endPos - separator.length() ).startsWith( separator ); sb.insert( endPos - ( endWithSeparator ? 2 : 1 ), " as " + alias ); } aliases.add( alias ); } // In case of '*' or '{table}.*' expressions adding an alias breaks SQL syntax, returning '*'. return selectsMultipleColumns ? "*" : StringHelper.join( ", ", aliases.iterator() ); } /** * Get the start position for where the column list begins. * * @param sb the string builder sql. * @return the start position where the column list begins. */ private int getSelectColumnsStartPosition(StringBuilder sb) { final int startPos = getSelectStartPosition( sb ); // adjustment for 'select distinct ' and 'select '. final String sql = sb.toString().substring( startPos ).toLowerCase(); if ( sql.startsWith( SELECT_DISTINCT_SPACE ) ) { return ( startPos + SELECT_DISTINCT_SPACE.length() ); } else if ( sql.startsWith( SELECT_SPACE ) ) { return ( startPos + SELECT_SPACE.length() ); } return startPos; } /** * Get the select start position. * * @param sb the string builder sql. * @return the position where {@code select} is found. */ private int getSelectStartPosition(StringBuilder sb) { return shallowIndexOfPattern( sb, SELECT_PATTERN, 0 ); } /** * @param expression Select expression. * * @return {@code true} when expression selects multiple columns, {@code false} otherwise. */ private boolean selectsMultipleColumns(String expression) { final String lastExpr = expression.trim().replaceFirst( "(?i)(.)*\\s", "" ).trim(); return "*".equals( lastExpr ) || lastExpr.endsWith( ".*" ); } /** * Returns alias of provided single column selection or {@code null} if not found. * Alias should be preceded with {@code AS} keyword. * * @param expression Single column select expression. * * @return Column alias. */ private String getAlias(String expression) { // remove any function arguments, if any exist. // 'cast(tab1.col1 as varchar(255)) as col1' -> 'cast as col1' // 'cast(tab1.col1 as varchar(255)) col1 -> 'cast col1' // 'cast(tab1.col1 as varchar(255))' -> 'cast' expression = expression.replaceFirst( "(\\((.)*\\))", "" ).trim(); // This will match any text provided with: // columnName [[as] alias] final Matcher matcher = ALIAS_PATTERN.matcher( expression ); String alias = null; if ( matcher.find() && matcher.groupCount() > 1 ) { // default to the alias after 'as' if detected alias = matcher.group( 3 ); if ( alias == null ) { // use the clause which has on proceeding 'as' fragment. alias = matcher.group( 0 ); } } return ( alias != null ? alias.trim() : null ); } /** * Encloses original SQL statement with outer query that provides {@literal __hibernate_row_nr__} column. * * @param sql SQL query. */ protected void encloseWithOuterQuery(StringBuilder sql) { sql.insert( 0, "SELECT inner_query.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) as __hibernate_row_nr__ FROM ( " ); sql.append( " ) inner_query " ); } /** * Adds {@code TOP} expression. Parameter value is bind in * {@link #bindLimitParametersAtStartOfQuery(RowSelection, PreparedStatement, int)} method. * * @param sql SQL query. */ protected void addTopExpression(StringBuilder sql) { // We should use either of these which come first (SELECT or SELECT DISTINCT). final int selectPos = shallowIndexOfPattern( sql, SELECT_PATTERN, 0 ); final int selectDistinctPos = shallowIndexOfPattern( sql, SELECT_DISTINCT_PATTERN, 0 ); if ( selectPos == selectDistinctPos ) { // Place TOP after SELECT DISTINCT sql.insert( selectDistinctPos + SELECT_DISTINCT.length(), " TOP(?)" ); } else { // Place TOP after SELECT sql.insert( selectPos + SELECT.length(), " TOP(?)" ); } topAdded = true; } /** * Returns index of the first case-insensitive match of search pattern that is not * enclosed in parenthesis. * * @param sb String to search. * @param pattern Compiled search pattern. * @param fromIndex The index from which to start the search. * * @return Position of the first match, or {@literal -1} if not found. */ private static int shallowIndexOfPattern(final StringBuilder sb, final Pattern pattern, int fromIndex) { int index = -1; final String matchString = sb.toString(); // quick exit, save performance and avoid exceptions if ( matchString.length() < fromIndex || fromIndex < 0 ) { return -1; } List ignoreRangeList = generateIgnoreRanges( matchString ); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher( matchString ); matcher.region( fromIndex, matchString.length() ); if ( ignoreRangeList.isEmpty() ) { // old behavior where the first match is used if no ignorable ranges // were deduced from the matchString. if ( matcher.find() && matcher.groupCount() > 0 ) { index = matcher.start(); } } else { // rather than taking the first match, we now iterate all matches // until we determine a match that isn't considered "ignorable'. while ( matcher.find() && matcher.groupCount() > 0 ) { final int position = matcher.start(); if ( !isPositionIgnorable( ignoreRangeList, position ) ) { index = position; break; } } } return index; } /** * Builds a pattern that can be used to find matches of case-insensitive matches * based on the search pattern that is not enclosed in parenthesis. * * @param pattern String search pattern. * @param wordBoundary whether to apply a word boundary restriction. * @return Compiled {@link Pattern}. */ private static Pattern buildShallowIndexPattern(String pattern, boolean wordBoundary) { return Pattern.compile( "(" + ( wordBoundary ? "\\b" : "" ) + pattern + ( wordBoundary ? "\\b" : "" ) + ")(?![^\\(|\\[]*(\\)|\\]))", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE ); } /** * Geneartes a list of {@code IgnoreRange} objects that represent nested sections of the * provided SQL buffer that should be ignored when performing regular expression matches. * * @param sql The SQL buffer. * @return list of {@code IgnoreRange} objects, never {@code null}. */ private static List generateIgnoreRanges(String sql) { List ignoreRangeList = new ArrayList(); int depth = 0; int start = -1; for ( int i = 0; i < sql.length(); ++i ) { final char ch = sql.charAt( i ); if ( ch == '(' ) { depth++; if ( depth == 1 ) { start = i; } } else if ( ch == ')' ) { if ( depth > 0 ) { if ( depth == 1 ) { ignoreRangeList.add( new IgnoreRange( start, i ) ); start = -1; } depth--; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( "Found an unmatched ')' at position " + i + ": " + sql ); } } } if ( depth != 0 ) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Unmatched parenthesis in rendered SQL (" + depth + " depth): " + sql ); } return ignoreRangeList; } /** * Returns whether the specified {@code position} is within the ranges of the {@code ignoreRangeList}. * * @param ignoreRangeList list of {@code IgnoreRange} objects deduced from the SQL buffer. * @param position the position to determine whether is ignorable. * @return {@code true} if the position is to ignored/skipped, {@code false} otherwise. */ private static boolean isPositionIgnorable(List ignoreRangeList, int position) { for ( IgnoreRange ignoreRange : ignoreRangeList ) { if ( ignoreRange.isWithinRange( position ) ) { return true; } } return false; } static class IgnoreRange { private int start; private int end; IgnoreRange(int start, int end) { this.start = start; this.end = end; } boolean isWithinRange(int position) { return position >= start && position <= end; } } }




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