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/*
* Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
*
* License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later.
* See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or .
*/
package org.hibernate.dialect;
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import org.hibernate.JDBCException;
import org.hibernate.LockMode;
import org.hibernate.LockOptions;
import org.hibernate.PessimisticLockException;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Environment;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.NoArgSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.PositionSubstringFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.SQLFunctionTemplate;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.StandardSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.VarArgsSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.identity.IdentityColumnSupport;
import org.hibernate.dialect.identity.PostgreSQL81IdentityColumnSupport;
import org.hibernate.dialect.pagination.AbstractLimitHandler;
import org.hibernate.dialect.pagination.LimitHandler;
import org.hibernate.dialect.pagination.LimitHelper;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.RowSelection;
import org.hibernate.exception.LockAcquisitionException;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.SQLExceptionConversionDelegate;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.TemplatedViolatedConstraintNameExtracter;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.IdTableSupportStandardImpl;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.MultiTableBulkIdStrategy;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.local.AfterUseAction;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.local.LocalTemporaryTableBulkIdStrategy;
import org.hibernate.internal.util.JdbcExceptionHelper;
import org.hibernate.procedure.internal.PostgresCallableStatementSupport;
import org.hibernate.procedure.spi.CallableStatementSupport;
import org.hibernate.type.StandardBasicTypes;
import org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BlobTypeDescriptor;
import org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.ClobTypeDescriptor;
import org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.SqlTypeDescriptor;
/**
* An SQL dialect for Postgres
*
* For discussion of BLOB support in Postgres, as of 8.4, have a peek at
* http://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/84/binary-data.html.
* For the effects in regards to Hibernate see http://in.relation.to/15492.lace
*
* @author Gavin King
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public class PostgreSQL81Dialect extends Dialect {
private static final AbstractLimitHandler LIMIT_HANDLER = new AbstractLimitHandler() {
@Override
public String processSql(String sql, RowSelection selection) {
final boolean hasOffset = LimitHelper.hasFirstRow( selection );
return sql + (hasOffset ? " limit ? offset ?" : " limit ?");
}
@Override
public boolean supportsLimit() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean bindLimitParametersInReverseOrder() {
return true;
}
};
/**
* Constructs a PostgreSQL81Dialect
*/
public PostgreSQL81Dialect() {
super();
registerColumnType( Types.BIT, "bool" );
registerColumnType( Types.BIGINT, "int8" );
registerColumnType( Types.SMALLINT, "int2" );
registerColumnType( Types.TINYINT, "int2" );
registerColumnType( Types.INTEGER, "int4" );
registerColumnType( Types.CHAR, "char(1)" );
registerColumnType( Types.VARCHAR, "varchar($l)" );
registerColumnType( Types.FLOAT, "float4" );
registerColumnType( Types.DOUBLE, "float8" );
registerColumnType( Types.DATE, "date" );
registerColumnType( Types.TIME, "time" );
registerColumnType( Types.TIMESTAMP, "timestamp" );
registerColumnType( Types.VARBINARY, "bytea" );
registerColumnType( Types.BINARY, "bytea" );
registerColumnType( Types.LONGVARCHAR, "text" );
registerColumnType( Types.LONGVARBINARY, "bytea" );
registerColumnType( Types.CLOB, "text" );
registerColumnType( Types.BLOB, "oid" );
registerColumnType( Types.NUMERIC, "numeric($p, $s)" );
registerColumnType( Types.OTHER, "uuid" );
registerFunction( "abs", new StandardSQLFunction("abs") );
registerFunction( "sign", new StandardSQLFunction("sign", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER) );
registerFunction( "acos", new StandardSQLFunction("acos", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "asin", new StandardSQLFunction("asin", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "atan", new StandardSQLFunction("atan", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "cos", new StandardSQLFunction("cos", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "cot", new StandardSQLFunction("cot", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "exp", new StandardSQLFunction("exp", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "ln", new StandardSQLFunction("ln", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "log", new StandardSQLFunction("log", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "sin", new StandardSQLFunction("sin", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "sqrt", new StandardSQLFunction("sqrt", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "cbrt", new StandardSQLFunction("cbrt", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "tan", new StandardSQLFunction("tan", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "radians", new StandardSQLFunction("radians", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "degrees", new StandardSQLFunction("degrees", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "stddev", new StandardSQLFunction("stddev", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "variance", new StandardSQLFunction("variance", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "random", new NoArgSQLFunction("random", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "rand", new NoArgSQLFunction("random", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) );
registerFunction( "round", new StandardSQLFunction("round") );
registerFunction( "trunc", new StandardSQLFunction("trunc") );
registerFunction( "ceil", new StandardSQLFunction("ceil") );
registerFunction( "floor", new StandardSQLFunction("floor") );
registerFunction( "chr", new StandardSQLFunction("chr", StandardBasicTypes.CHARACTER) );
registerFunction( "lower", new StandardSQLFunction("lower") );
registerFunction( "upper", new StandardSQLFunction("upper") );
registerFunction( "substr", new StandardSQLFunction("substr", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) );
registerFunction( "initcap", new StandardSQLFunction("initcap") );
registerFunction( "to_ascii", new StandardSQLFunction("to_ascii") );
registerFunction( "quote_ident", new StandardSQLFunction("quote_ident", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) );
registerFunction( "quote_literal", new StandardSQLFunction("quote_literal", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) );
registerFunction( "md5", new StandardSQLFunction("md5", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) );
registerFunction( "ascii", new StandardSQLFunction("ascii", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER) );
registerFunction( "char_length", new StandardSQLFunction("char_length", StandardBasicTypes.LONG) );
registerFunction( "bit_length", new StandardSQLFunction("bit_length", StandardBasicTypes.LONG) );
registerFunction( "octet_length", new StandardSQLFunction("octet_length", StandardBasicTypes.LONG) );
registerFunction( "age", new StandardSQLFunction("age") );
registerFunction( "current_date", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_date", StandardBasicTypes.DATE, false) );
registerFunction( "current_time", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_time", StandardBasicTypes.TIME, false) );
registerFunction( "current_timestamp", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_timestamp", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP, false) );
registerFunction( "date_trunc", new StandardSQLFunction( "date_trunc", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP ) );
registerFunction( "localtime", new NoArgSQLFunction("localtime", StandardBasicTypes.TIME, false) );
registerFunction( "localtimestamp", new NoArgSQLFunction("localtimestamp", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP, false) );
registerFunction( "now", new NoArgSQLFunction("now", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP) );
registerFunction( "timeofday", new NoArgSQLFunction("timeofday", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) );
registerFunction( "current_user", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_user", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, false) );
registerFunction( "session_user", new NoArgSQLFunction("session_user", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, false) );
registerFunction( "user", new NoArgSQLFunction("user", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, false) );
registerFunction( "current_database", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_database", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, true) );
registerFunction( "current_schema", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_schema", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, true) );
registerFunction( "to_char", new StandardSQLFunction("to_char", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) );
registerFunction( "to_date", new StandardSQLFunction("to_date", StandardBasicTypes.DATE) );
registerFunction( "to_timestamp", new StandardSQLFunction("to_timestamp", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP) );
registerFunction( "to_number", new StandardSQLFunction("to_number", StandardBasicTypes.BIG_DECIMAL) );
registerFunction( "concat", new VarArgsSQLFunction( StandardBasicTypes.STRING, "(","||",")" ) );
registerFunction( "locate", new PositionSubstringFunction() );
registerFunction( "str", new SQLFunctionTemplate(StandardBasicTypes.STRING, "cast(?1 as varchar)") );
getDefaultProperties().setProperty( Environment.STATEMENT_BATCH_SIZE, DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE );
getDefaultProperties().setProperty( Environment.NON_CONTEXTUAL_LOB_CREATION, "true" );
}
@Override
public SqlTypeDescriptor getSqlTypeDescriptorOverride(int sqlCode) {
SqlTypeDescriptor descriptor;
switch ( sqlCode ) {
case Types.BLOB: {
// Force BLOB binding. Otherwise, byte[] fields annotated
// with @Lob will attempt to use
// BlobTypeDescriptor.PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_BINDING. Since the
// dialect uses oid for Blobs, byte arrays cannot be used.
descriptor = BlobTypeDescriptor.BLOB_BINDING;
break;
}
case Types.CLOB: {
descriptor = ClobTypeDescriptor.CLOB_BINDING;
break;
}
default: {
descriptor = super.getSqlTypeDescriptorOverride( sqlCode );
break;
}
}
return descriptor;
}
@Override
public String getAddColumnString() {
return "add column";
}
@Override
public String getSequenceNextValString(String sequenceName) {
return "select " + getSelectSequenceNextValString( sequenceName );
}
@Override
public String getSelectSequenceNextValString(String sequenceName) {
return "nextval ('" + sequenceName + "')";
}
@Override
public String getCreateSequenceString(String sequenceName) {
//starts with 1, implicitly
return "create sequence " + sequenceName;
}
@Override
public String getDropSequenceString(String sequenceName) {
return "drop sequence " + sequenceName;
}
@Override
public String getCascadeConstraintsString() {
return " cascade";
}
@Override
public boolean dropConstraints() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsSequences() {
return true;
}
@Override
public String getQuerySequencesString() {
return "select relname from pg_class where relkind='S'";
}
@Override
public LimitHandler getLimitHandler() {
return LIMIT_HANDLER;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsLimit() {
return true;
}
@Override
public String getLimitString(String sql, boolean hasOffset) {
return sql + (hasOffset ? " limit ? offset ?" : " limit ?");
}
@Override
public boolean bindLimitParametersInReverseOrder() {
return true;
}
@Override
public String getForUpdateString(String aliases) {
return getForUpdateString() + " of " + aliases;
}
@Override
public String getForUpdateString(String aliases, LockOptions lockOptions) {
/*
* Parent's implementation for (aliases, lockOptions) ignores aliases.
*/
if ( "".equals( aliases ) ) {
LockMode lockMode = lockOptions.getLockMode();
final Iterator> itr = lockOptions.getAliasLockIterator();
while ( itr.hasNext() ) {
// seek the highest lock mode
final Map.Entry entry = itr.next();
final LockMode lm = entry.getValue();
if ( lm.greaterThan( lockMode ) ) {
aliases = entry.getKey();
}
}
}
LockMode lockMode = lockOptions.getAliasSpecificLockMode( aliases );
if (lockMode == null ) {
lockMode = lockOptions.getLockMode();
}
switch ( lockMode ) {
case UPGRADE:
return getForUpdateString(aliases);
case PESSIMISTIC_READ:
return getReadLockString( aliases, lockOptions.getTimeOut() );
case PESSIMISTIC_WRITE:
return getWriteLockString( aliases, lockOptions.getTimeOut() );
case UPGRADE_NOWAIT:
case FORCE:
case PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT:
return getForUpdateNowaitString(aliases);
case UPGRADE_SKIPLOCKED:
return getForUpdateSkipLockedString(aliases);
default:
return "";
}
}
@Override
public String getNoColumnsInsertString() {
return "default values";
}
@Override
public String getCaseInsensitiveLike(){
return "ilike";
}
@Override
public boolean supportsCaseInsensitiveLike() {
return true;
}
@Override
public String getNativeIdentifierGeneratorStrategy() {
return "sequence";
}
@Override
public boolean supportsOuterJoinForUpdate() {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean useInputStreamToInsertBlob() {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsUnionAll() {
return true;
}
/**
* Workaround for postgres bug #1453
*
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public String getSelectClauseNullString(int sqlType) {
String typeName = getTypeName( sqlType, 1, 1, 0 );
//trim off the length/precision/scale
final int loc = typeName.indexOf( '(' );
if ( loc > -1 ) {
typeName = typeName.substring( 0, loc );
}
return "null::" + typeName;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsCommentOn() {
return true;
}
@Override
public MultiTableBulkIdStrategy getDefaultMultiTableBulkIdStrategy() {
return new LocalTemporaryTableBulkIdStrategy(
new IdTableSupportStandardImpl() {
@Override
public String getCreateIdTableCommand() {
return "create temporary table";
}
@Override
public String getCreateIdTableStatementOptions() {
return "on commit drop";
}
},
AfterUseAction.CLEAN,
null
);
}
@Override
public boolean supportsCurrentTimestampSelection() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable() {
return false;
}
@Override
public String getCurrentTimestampSelectString() {
return "select now()";
}
@Override
public boolean requiresParensForTupleDistinctCounts() {
return true;
}
@Override
public String toBooleanValueString(boolean bool) {
return bool ? "true" : "false";
}
@Override
public ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter getViolatedConstraintNameExtracter() {
return EXTRACTER;
}
/**
* Constraint-name extractor for Postgres constraint violation exceptions.
* Orginally contributed by Denny Bartelt.
*/
private static final ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter EXTRACTER = new TemplatedViolatedConstraintNameExtracter() {
@Override
protected String doExtractConstraintName(SQLException sqle) throws NumberFormatException {
final int sqlState = Integer.valueOf( JdbcExceptionHelper.extractSqlState( sqle ) );
switch (sqlState) {
// CHECK VIOLATION
case 23514: return extractUsingTemplate( "violates check constraint \"","\"", sqle.getMessage() );
// UNIQUE VIOLATION
case 23505: return extractUsingTemplate( "violates unique constraint \"","\"", sqle.getMessage() );
// FOREIGN KEY VIOLATION
case 23503: return extractUsingTemplate( "violates foreign key constraint \"","\"", sqle.getMessage() );
// NOT NULL VIOLATION
case 23502: return extractUsingTemplate( "null value in column \"","\" violates not-null constraint", sqle.getMessage() );
// TODO: RESTRICT VIOLATION
case 23001: return null;
// ALL OTHER
default: return null;
}
}
};
@Override
public SQLExceptionConversionDelegate buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate() {
return new SQLExceptionConversionDelegate() {
@Override
public JDBCException convert(SQLException sqlException, String message, String sql) {
final String sqlState = JdbcExceptionHelper.extractSqlState( sqlException );
if ( "40P01".equals( sqlState ) ) {
// DEADLOCK DETECTED
return new LockAcquisitionException( message, sqlException, sql );
}
if ( "55P03".equals( sqlState ) ) {
// LOCK NOT AVAILABLE
return new PessimisticLockException( message, sqlException, sql );
}
// returning null allows other delegates to operate
return null;
}
};
}
@Override
public int registerResultSetOutParameter(CallableStatement statement, int col) throws SQLException {
// Register the type of the out param - PostgreSQL uses Types.OTHER
statement.registerOutParameter( col++, Types.OTHER );
return col;
}
@Override
public ResultSet getResultSet(CallableStatement ps) throws SQLException {
ps.execute();
return (ResultSet) ps.getObject( 1 );
}
@Override
public boolean supportsPooledSequences() {
return true;
}
/**
* only necessary for postgre < 7.4 See http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_sequence.sgml
*
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
protected String getCreateSequenceString(String sequenceName, int initialValue, int incrementSize) {
if ( initialValue < 0 && incrementSize > 0 ) {
return
String.format(
"%s minvalue %d start %d increment %d",
getCreateSequenceString( sequenceName ),
initialValue,
initialValue,
incrementSize
);
}
else if ( initialValue > 0 && incrementSize < 0 ) {
return
String.format(
"%s maxvalue %d start %d increment %d",
getCreateSequenceString( sequenceName ),
initialValue,
initialValue,
incrementSize
);
}
else {
return
String.format(
"%s start %d increment %d",
getCreateSequenceString( sequenceName ),
initialValue,
incrementSize
);
}
}
// Overridden informational metadata ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@Override
public boolean supportsEmptyInList() {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsExpectedLobUsagePattern() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsLobValueChangePropogation() {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsUnboundedLobLocatorMaterialization() {
return false;
}
@Override
public String getForUpdateString() {
return " for update";
}
@Override
public String getWriteLockString(int timeout) {
if ( timeout == LockOptions.NO_WAIT ) {
return " for update nowait";
}
else {
return " for update";
}
}
@Override
public String getWriteLockString(String aliases, int timeout) {
if ( timeout == LockOptions.NO_WAIT ) {
return String.format( " for update of %s nowait", aliases );
}
else {
return " for update of " + aliases;
}
}
@Override
public String getReadLockString(int timeout) {
if ( timeout == LockOptions.NO_WAIT ) {
return " for share nowait";
}
else {
return " for share";
}
}
@Override
public String getReadLockString(String aliases, int timeout) {
if ( timeout == LockOptions.NO_WAIT ) {
return String.format( " for share of %s nowait", aliases );
}
else {
return " for share of " + aliases;
}
}
@Override
public boolean supportsRowValueConstructorSyntax() {
return true;
}
@Override
public String getForUpdateNowaitString() {
return getForUpdateString() + " nowait ";
}
@Override
public String getForUpdateNowaitString(String aliases) {
return getForUpdateString( aliases ) + " nowait ";
}
@Override
public CallableStatementSupport getCallableStatementSupport() {
return PostgresCallableStatementSupport.INSTANCE;
}
@Override
public ResultSet getResultSet(CallableStatement statement, int position) throws SQLException {
if ( position != 1 ) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException( "PostgreSQL only supports REF_CURSOR parameters as the first parameter" );
}
return (ResultSet) statement.getObject( 1 );
}
@Override
public ResultSet getResultSet(CallableStatement statement, String name) throws SQLException {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException( "PostgreSQL only supports accessing REF_CURSOR parameters by position" );
}
@Override
public boolean qualifyIndexName() {
return false;
}
@Override
public IdentityColumnSupport getIdentityColumnSupport() {
return new PostgreSQL81IdentityColumnSupport();
}
@Override
public boolean supportsNationalizedTypes() {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean supportsNoWait() {
return true;
}
}