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org.languagetool.rules.en.grammar.xml Maven / Gradle / Ivy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../../../../../../../../../languagetool-core/src/main/resources/org/languagetool/rules/print.xsl" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="../../../../../../../../../languagetool-core/src/main/resources/org/languagetool/rules/rules.css"
title="Easy editing stylesheet" ?>
<!--
English Grammar and Typo Rules for LanguageTool
See tagset.txt for the meaning of the POS tags
Copyright (C) 2001-2015 Daniel Naber (http://www.danielnaber.de),
Marcin Miłkowski and the LanguageTool contributors
Portions of rules are converted from After The Deadline grammar checker,
available at http://open.afterthedeadline.com/, licensed under
GNU GPL.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301
USA
-->
<!DOCTYPE rules [
<!ENTITY weekdays "Monday|Tuesday|Wednesday|Thursday|Friday|Saturday|Sunday">
<!ENTITY abbrevWeekdays "Mon|Mo|Tue|Tu|Wed|We|Thu|Th|Fri|Fr|Sat|Sa|Sun|Su">
<!ENTITY months "January|February|March|April|May|June|July|August|September|October|November|December">
<!ENTITY abbrevMonths "Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Sept|Oct|Nov|Dec">
]>
<rules lang="en" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../../../../../../../languagetool-core/src/main/resources/org/languagetool/rules/rules.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Possible typo -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="TYPOS" name="Possible Typo" type="misspelling">
<rule id="WONT" name="wont (won't)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>wont<exception scope="previous" postag="PRP$"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception>to</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Please make sure you mean 'wont' (a habit), not <suggestion>won't</suggestion>/<suggestion>won’t</suggestion> (short for 'will not')?</message>
<example correction="won't|won’t">No, I <marker>wont</marker> do that.</example>
<example>We were wont to meet at that pleasant spot.</example>
<example>As is his wont, Tourneur shows us only parts of the set, in logical sequence, each at the moment when, and not before, we need to see it.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PERS_PRON_CONTRACTION" name="I'l (I'll) etc.">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|it|we|they</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>l</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2ll</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="I'll">Yes, <marker>I'l</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">you|we|they</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token regexp="yes">r|er</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2re</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="we're">Yes, <marker>we'r</marker> over here.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we|they</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token regexp="yes">v</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2ve</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="we've">Yes, <marker>we'v</marker> discussed that.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="BEAT_REGARDS" name="beat (best) regards">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">bea?t</token>
</marker>
<token>regards</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>best</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Best"><marker>Beat</marker> Regards, Daniel</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LING" name="ling (long)">
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes">ling</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>long</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="long">See you all there - this is <marker>ling</marker> overdue.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WAN_T" name="wan't (want)">
<!-- hunspell gets this right, but LT works a bit differently, so we need a rule -->
<pattern>
<token>wan</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token regexp="yes">t|ted</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\3</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='want'>But I <marker>wan't</marker> to suggest something else.</example>
<example correction='wanted'>But I <marker>wan'ted</marker> to suggest something else.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="RE_CENT" name="re cent (recent)">
<pattern>
<token>re</token>
<token>cent</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>recent</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='recent'>The country has so far not changed its <marker>re cent</marker> five-year plan.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IF_WHICH" name="if which">
<pattern>
<token>if</token>
<token>which</token>
</pattern>
<message><suggestion>which</suggestion> should not follow <suggestion>if</suggestion>. Choose either one. Or did you forget a comma?</message>
<suggestion>if, which</suggestion>
<example correction='which|if|if, which'>We cannot know <marker>if which</marker> functionality gets tested.</example>
<example correction='which|if|if, which'>If and only <marker>if which</marker> direction is which? </example>
</rule>
<rule id="LOT_S" name="lot's of (lots of)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>lot</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lots</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lots">There was <marker>lot's</marker> of stuff.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="GOOD_NEWS" name="the good new (news) is ...">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">good|bad</token>
<marker>
<token>new</token>
</marker>
<token>is</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>news</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="news">The bad <marker>new</marker> is that it doesn't work.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="A_BUT" name="a but (a bit)">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>but</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>a bit</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="a bit">So I confused things <marker>a but</marker> and it was Kai who had planned that.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TOOL_LONG" name="tool long (too long)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>tool</token>
<token>long</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">ago</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>too long</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="too long">I was away for <marker>tool long</marker>.</example>
<example>They opened their tool long ago.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AN_THEN" name="an then (and then)">
<pattern>
<token>an<exception postag='NNP'/></token>
<token regexp="yes">th(en|is|at|[eo]se|ere)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>and \2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="and then">Tonight I'm going to eat dinner at Alyssa's <marker>an then</marker> go to Christina's.</example>
<example>Tonight I'm going to eat dinner at John's and then go home.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AH_HA" name="ah ha (aha)">
<pattern>
<token>ah</token>
<token>ha</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is normally written together: <suggestion>aha</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://www.whichenglish.com/Better-English-Grammar/Online-Usage-Letter-A.html</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="aha">After that we had an "<marker>ah ha</marker>" moment and that was it.</example>
<example>We had an aha moment.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="A_WAS" name="a was (way)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>a</token>
<marker>
<token>was</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>way</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="way">But is there a <marker>was</marker> to work around the problem?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ALLTHOUGH" name="all though (although)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>all<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">in|of|not|at</exception></token>
<token>though</token>
</marker>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">day|night|week|month|year</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>all through</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="All through"><marker>All though</marker> the day: a song by Anita O'Day.</example>
<example>I enjoyed this all through the night.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>all<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">in|of|not|at</exception></token>
<token>though</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>although</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Although"><marker>All though</marker> I liked the book, I had to stop reading it.</example>
<example>Best of all though, the review will be great.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ALSO_KNOW" name="also know (known)">
<pattern>
<token>also</token>
<marker>
<token>know</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">as|by|for</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>known</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="known">He is also <marker>know</marker> as the first Chechen writer.</example>
<example>He is also known for his beautiful mustache.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AS_OPPOSE_TO_AS_OPPOSED_TO" name="as oppose to (as opposed to)">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>oppose</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>as opposed to</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="as opposed to">Professional sports, <marker>as oppose to</marker> amateur sports , are sport s in which athletes receive payment for their performance</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONFUSION_OF_OUR_OUT" name="confusion of our/out">
<pattern>
<token>we</token>
<token postag="VBD|VB|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">take|find|go|went</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>out</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="IN|RP|DT|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>our</exception><exception>what</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>our</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="our">We evaluated <marker>out</marker> method by running RASP.</example>
<example>If we take out India and China...</example>
<example>We lay out our proposal.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="YOUR_SHOULD" name="your (you) should">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<marker>
<token>your</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">should|could</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>you</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="you">If it's running, <marker>your</marker> should deactivate it.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_SOME_DAY" name="the some (same) day">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[Tt]he</token>
<marker>
<token>some</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>same</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="same">It happened on the <marker>some</marker> day.</example>
<example>The Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em Episode Guide</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MAKE_US_OF" name="make us (use) of">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">make|makes|made|making</token>
<marker>
<token>us</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>use</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="use">He made <marker>us</marker> of the new tools.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ON_OF_THE" name="on (one) of the most/least/...">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>on</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">more|most|less|least|best|worst</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>one</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="one">It's <marker>on</marker> of the most popular songs.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>on</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="JJS"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>one</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="one">It's <marker>on</marker> of the loudest songs.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="APART_A_PART" name="apart of (a part of, apart from)">
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be<exception scope="next" postag="IN"/></token>
<marker>
<token>apart</token>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>course</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>a part \3</suggestion> or <suggestion>apart from</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="a part of|apart from">I'd like to be <marker>apart of</marker> your team.</example>
<example correction="a part of|apart from">Nannes is now <marker>apart of</marker> the 89.1FM ABC Grandstand Cricket commentary team.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception inflected="yes">be</exception><exception scope="previous" inflected="yes">be</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>apart</token>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>course</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Wrong collocation. Did you mean <suggestion>apart from</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Non-standard phrase</short>
<example>Lebanon's freedoms set it apart from other Arab states.</example>
<example correction="apart from">We set it <marker>apart of</marker> other religions.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="APART_FORM" name="apart form (apart from)">
<pattern>
<token>apart</token>
<token>form</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>apart from</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Lebanon's freedoms set it apart from other Arab states.</example>
<example correction="apart from">Christianity was set <marker>apart form</marker> other religions.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="UP_TO_DATA" name="up to data (date)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>up</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token>data</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>date</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>This is the Carmen up to <marker>Data</marker>.</example>
<example correction="date">The software is not up to <marker>data</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COLD_COULD" name="he cold do (he could do)">
<pattern>
<token postag='PRP'/>
<marker>
<token>cold</token>
</marker>
<token postag='VB'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>could</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Probable typo</short>
<example correction="could">This is all he <marker>cold</marker> do.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FEEL_TREE_TO" name="feel tree (free) to">
<pattern>
<token>feel</token>
<marker>
<token>tree</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>free</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="free">Feel <marker>tree</marker> to add it to the list.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EASIEST_WAS_TO" name="easiest was (way) to">
<pattern>
<token postag="JJS"/>
<marker>
<token>was</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>way</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="way">What is the fastest <marker>was</marker> to learn Spanish?</example>
<example correction="way">What is the easiest <marker>was</marker> to learn Spanish?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ET_AL" name="et al (et al.)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>et</token>
<token>al</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>.</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>A dot is missing here: <suggestion>\1 \2.</suggestion></message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="et al.">Thelen <marker>et al</marker> 2001</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>et</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>al</token>
<token>.</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Misplaced dot: <suggestion>\1 \3\4</suggestion></message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="et al.">Thelen <marker>et. al.</marker> 2001</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ARE_STILL_THE_SOME" name="are still the some (same)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|is|was|were</token>
<token>still</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>some</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 still the same</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 still some</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="are still the same|are still some">That means that tires <marker>are still the some</marker> of the most important components of your vehicle.</example>
<example correction="is still the same|is still some">But it <marker>is still the some</marker> government.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DE_JURO" name="de juro (jure)">
<pattern>
<token>de</token>
<token>juro</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is an incorrect spelling of a Latin phrase. Did you mean <suggestion>de jure</suggestion> (according to law)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="de jure">There is no <marker>de juro</marker> segregation allowed by law anywhere in the United States.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="I_THIN" name="I thin (think)">
<pattern>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes">am|do|can|will</token>
<token>I</token>
<marker>
<token>thin</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>think</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="think">I <marker>thin</marker> you are right.</example>
<example>How do I <marker>thin</marker> heavier acrylics for Airbrushing?</example>
<example>How can I <marker>thin</marker> out my face?</example>
<example>Am I <marker>Thin</marker> Enough Yet?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SUPPOSE_TO" name="suppose to (supposed to)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="no">suppose</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
<token inflected="no">be</token>
</pattern>
<message>Probably you should use a past participle here: <suggestion>supposed</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="supposed">What jar is this <marker>suppose</marker> to be coming from?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALL_BE_IT" name="all be it (albeit)">
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>be</token>
<token>it</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>albeit</suggestion> (=although)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="albeit">The good news is that there are several redeeming factors to (<marker>all be it</marker> barely).</example>
<example>The good news is that there are several redeeming factors to (albeit barely)</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALL_OVER_THE_WORD" name="all over the word (all over the world)">
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>over</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>word</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 \2 \3 world</suggestion> (=globally)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="all over the world">The company employs over 25 000 people <marker>all over the word</marker>.</example>
<example>The company employs over 25,000 people all over the world.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ANOTHER_WORDS" name="another words (in other words)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>another</token>
<token>words</token>
</marker>
<token>,</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in other words</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="In other words"><marker>Another words</marker>, he is an ideal husband.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="BEING_BEGIN" name="being (begin)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>To</token>
<marker>
<token>being</token>
</marker>
<token>with</token>
<token>,</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>begin</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="begin">To <marker>being</marker> with, she is a Russian spy.</example>
<example>To begin with, she's a spy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>begin</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>being</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="being">I was willing to risk <marker>begin</marker> interrogated about what I was going to do with the information.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="CA_PRP" name="ca I (can I)">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<marker>
<token>ca</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>can</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can">What <marker>ca</marker> I do?</example>
<example>I live in Los Angeles, CA.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token>ca</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>can</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can">You <marker>ca</marker> do it!</example>
<example>I live in Los Angeles, CA.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EYE_BROW" name="eye brow/lash/lid/sight/sore (eyebrow/eyelash/eyelid/eyesight/eyesore)">
<pattern>
<token>eye</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">brow|lash|sight|sore|lid</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is usually spelt together: <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="eyelids">Calcium deposits on <marker>eye lids</marker></example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="FROM_FORM" name="from/form">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>any</token>
<token>from</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in any form</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="in any form">Do not duplicate or redistribute <marker>in any from</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="DT"><exception>the</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>from</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END"><exception>?</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>form</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="form">Fill in this <marker>from</marker>.</example>
<example>Where is this from?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">a|the</token>
<!--most determiners are OK, this way it's shorter-->
<marker>
<token>from</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>form</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="form">Type in the <marker>from</marker> on the web page.</example>
<example correction="form">Fill in the <marker>from</marker> as shown below.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>book</token>
<token>form</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN:UN">form</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP\$|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>from</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="from">I got a letter <marker>form</marker> my friend.</example>
<example>I got a letter <marker>form</marker> from my friend.</example>
<example>It may form a raceme or a spike.</example>
<example>The leaves form a rosette at the base of the plant.</example>
<example>In full form the theorem was given in 1825.</example>
<example>These results of Cauchy's still form the core of complex function theory.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="THERE_EXITS" name="there exits (there exists)">
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<marker>
<token>exits</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>exists</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="exists">There <marker>exits</marker> an α-evaluating homomorphism π.</example>
<example>Then there exists an α-evaluating homomorphism π.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="HE_THE" name="he (the)">
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"><exception regexp="yes">as|while|before|until|ago|than|after|since</exception></token>
<token>he</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 the \3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="At the beginning"><marker>At he beginning</marker>, I was afraid.</example>
<example>But there was a fire burning inside him ever since he saw those pictures on her camera.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_HOW" name="the how/why (how/why)">
<pattern case_sensitive='yes'>
<marker>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp='yes'>how|why</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp='yes'>and|of|[,\.;']</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Probable typo</short>
<example correction="how">These are also examples of <marker>the how</marker> a woman's perspective can contribute to science.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="I_LOWERCASE" name="i'm (I'm)">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>i</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">[md]|ll|ve</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>I\2\3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Now I'm driving.</example>
<example correction="I'm">No, <marker>i'm</marker> not letting you near my kids.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<marker>
<token>i</token>
</marker>
<token postag="MD|VB[PD]" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>I</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Now I am driving.</example>
<example>These are: (i) examples; (ii) case studies; (iii) some other things.</example>
<example correction="I">No, <marker>i</marker> am not letting you near my kids.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="IN_JANUARY" name="in January 1 (on January 1)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">([1-3][0-9])|([1-9])</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on \2</suggestion>? This seems to be a day date.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="On February"><marker>In February</marker> 21, we ate the poison.</example>
<example>Cuba Gooding Jr. was born on January 2, 1968.</example>
<example>The following events occurred in January 1900.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_PARENTHESIS" name="in parenthesis (in parentheses)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>parenthesis</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in parentheses</suggestion>? 'parenthesis' is the singular.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="in parentheses">This is indicated by the number not <marker>in parenthesis</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_STEAD_OF" name="in stead of (instead of)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>stead</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2 \3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="instead of">Can my car really use water <marker>in stead of</marker> gas?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_TACT" name="in tact (intact)">
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous">lacking</exception>in</token>
<token>tact</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>intact</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Trendy T-shirts lacking in tact</example>
<example correction="Intact">Outdoor Activities in Louisiana Remain <marker>In Tact</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="IT_SELF" name="it self (itself)">
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token>self</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>itself</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="itself">I believe that such advertisements indicate a clear statement about the issue <marker>it self</marker> and they clarify the main cause of the problem.</example>
<example>Was it self-defence?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VE_GO_TO" name="I've go to (I've got to)">
<pattern>
<token>ve</token>
<marker>
<token>go</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>got</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="got">I've <marker>go</marker> to go.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOR_ALONG_TIME" name="for along time (for a long time)">
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>along</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>for a long time</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="for a long time">I have been interested in Wicca <marker>for along time</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="FOR_AWHILE" name="awhile (a while)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"/>
<marker>
<token>awhile</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>a while</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="a while">I haven't posted in <marker>awhile</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"/>
<token>quite</token>
<marker>
<token>awhile</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>a while</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="a while">I haven't posted in quite <marker>awhile</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="AWAY_FRO" name="away fro (away from)">
<pattern>
<token>away</token>
<token>fro</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>away from</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="away from">He is <marker>away fro</marker> the sea.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOR_FRO" name="fro (for)">
<antipattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>fro</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>fro</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>for</suggestion> or <suggestion>from</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="for|from">I got a voicemail <marker>fro</marker> Ken.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="HUMANS_BEINGS" name="humans beings (human beings)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>human</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NNS"/>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean: <suggestion>\1 \4</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="human beings">We are all <marker>human's beings</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>humans</token>
<token>beings</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean: <suggestion>human \4</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="human beings">We are all <marker>humans beings</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="LAST_BUT_NOT_LAST" name="last but not last (least)">
<pattern>
<token>last</token>
<token>but</token>
<token>not</token>
<token>last</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean: <suggestion>\1 \2 \3 least</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Last but not least"><marker>Last but not last</marker>, I accentuate difficulties that such theories face.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="HOUR_OUR" name="half an our (half an hour)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>half</token>
<token>an</token>
<marker>
<token>our</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hour</suggestion> (=60 minutes)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="hour">It happened half an <marker>our</marker> ago.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ONE_IN_THE_SAME" name="one in the same (one and the same)">
<pattern>
<token>one</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>same</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>one and the same</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="one and the same">Our town is a place where neighbours and friends are <marker>one in the same</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ONE_THE_ONE_HAND" name="'One the one hand' (On the one hand)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>One</token>
</marker>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp='yes'>one|other</token>
<token>hand</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction='On'><marker>One</marker> the one hand, he was rich.</example>
<example>On the one hand, he was rich.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OTHER_WISE_OTHERWISE" name="other wise (otherwise)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>other</token>
<token>wise</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>otherwise</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Otherwise"><marker>Other wise</marker> it's not true.</example>
<example> The fact that Jesus' status as a wise man among other wise men is not unique tells against this being a Christian interpolation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PER_SE" name="per say (per se)">
<pattern>
<token>per</token>
<token>say</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>per se</suggestion> (=by itself, by themselves)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="per se">Not a car lover <marker>per say</marker>…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SOME_WHAT_JJ" name="some what (somewhat)">
<pattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>what</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion> (=slightly)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Somewhat"><marker>Some what</marker> disappointed</example>
</rule>
<rule id="STAND_ALONE_NN" name="stand alone (standalone)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>stand</token>
<token>alone</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN:.*|NNS|NN" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>This world is usually written together in this context: <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="standalone">This is a <marker>stand alone</marker> computer.</example>
<example>I stand alone at the parking.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="UNDER_WEAR" name="under wear (underwear)">
<pattern>
<token>under</token>
<token>wear</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>underwear</suggestion> (=underclothes)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Underwear">Designer's <marker>Under Wear</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="WHERE_AS" name="where as/by (whereas/whereby)">
<pattern>
<token>where</token>
<token regexp="yes">as|by|upon</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="whereas">The northern and urban areas of the state do not generally offer sweet tea in the most restaurants, <marker>where as</marker> it is a staple beverage for the southern part ...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WITHOUT_OUT" name="without out (without)">
<pattern>
<token>without</token>
<token>out</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>without</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Without"><marker>Without out</marker> a doubt, the internet's power is mighty and far-reaching.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="YOUR_S" name="your's (yours)" type="typographical">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">your|hers|our|their</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1\3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="your|yours">It's not mine, it's <marker>your's</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="YOURS_APOSTROPHE" name="Possessive pronoun with apostrophe" type="typographical">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" skip="-1"><exception scope="next" regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP$" regexp="yes">.*s</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>An apostrophe is never used to form possessive case pronouns. Did you mean: <suggestion>\2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="yours">This house is <marker>yours'</marker>.</example>
<example>My heart is hers.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CD_WEEK_S" name="Number + 'week's time' (weeks' time)">
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"><exception regexp="yes">one|1</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">week|month|hour</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>The apostrophe is probably in the wrong place here. Did you mean <suggestion>\1 \2\4\3 \5</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/two-weeks-notice</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>He'll be sailing around the world in two weeks' time.</example>
<example correction="two weeks' time">"he'll be sailing around the world in <marker>two week's time</marker>.</example>
<example>It was ready in a week's time.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="CD_APOSTROPHE_S" name="Spurious apostrophe in plural forms">
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NNS"></token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token spacebefore="yes" postag="CD">
<exception regexp="yes">one|thou|zero|1</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">1[789]\d\d</exception><!-- exclude, might be year -->
<exception regexp="yes">20[0123]\d</exception><!-- exclude, might be year -->
<exception postag="NNP"/><exception scope="previous" postag="DT|PRP\$|POS" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception regexp="yes" scope="previous">&months;|season|category|size|\$\d+</exception>
<exception spacebefore="no" scope="previous">.</exception>
<exception scope="previous">×</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag='NN.*' postag_regexp='yes' regexp="yes">^[\p{L}&&[^aeiuo]]+$<exception postag="NNS"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect plural form; it does not need any apostrophe. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/>s</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://www.onlinegrammar.com.au/apostrophes-2/</url>
<short>Spurious apostrophe</short>
<example>1933 World's Fair</example>
<example>He is puzzled as to why three women's names were there.</example>
<example>A total of 387 schools, 7 teacher's houses, and several vocational buildings had been built.</example>
<example correction="CDs">I have 5 <marker>CD's</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<marker>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">some|both|no|any</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">some|both|no|any</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">many|several|few|both|all|enough|more|fewer|some|any|no|th[eo]se</token>
<marker>
<token postag='NN.*' postag_regexp='yes'><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect plural form; it does not need any apostrophe. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/>s</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://www.onlinegrammar.com.au/apostrophes-2/</url>
<short>Spurious apostrophe</short>
<example correction="CDs">I have many <marker>CD's</marker>.</example>
<example>And several days ago, we all went to this gorgeous ranch where some millionaire's going to build a golf course.</example>
<example>Any technology that deals in meta-meta-models is going to be a hard sell, no matter how many analyst's reports have been written.</example>
<example>Some guy's probably making money on this.</example>
<example>The first people in space who had never been a member of any country's armed forces were both Konstantin Feoktistov and Boris Yegorov aboard Voskhod 1.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="TOT_HE" name="tot he (to the)">
<pattern>
<token>tot</token>
<token>he</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to the</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="to the">The Hitchhiker's Guide <marker>tot he</marker> Galaxy</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WITH_OUT" name="with out (without)">
<pattern>
<token>with</token>
<token>out</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is usually written together. Did you mean <suggestion>without</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="without">We must take the bus before it leaves <marker>with out</marker> us.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="IT_IS_NO" name="it is no (not/now)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
<marker>
<token>no</token>
</marker>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">good|better|worse|more|less|longer|different|harder|fun|secret|emergency</exception></token>
<token><exception postag="[JN].*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>not</suggestion> or <suggestion>now</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="not|now">It is <marker>no</marker> possible.</example>
<example>It is no mystical intuition.</example>
<example correction="not|now">It is <marker>no</marker> hard to make a decision.</example>
<example>It is no surprise.</example>
<example>It is no ordinary household shrine.</example>
<example>There was the slight pain, but it was no different from the throbbing in his head.</example>
<example>It is no more a united nation than the Equator.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<marker>
<token>no</token>
</marker>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">longer|different|good|better|worse|fun|secret|more|less|emergency</exception></token>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>not</suggestion> or <suggestion>now</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="not|now">It's <marker>no</marker> possible.</example>
<example>It isn't possible.</example>
<example>It is no surprise.</example>
<example>It's no longer needed.</example>
<example>To hit running prey, it's no good to ponder the problem for long.</example>
<example>You say it's no BIG deal, but to me it is.</example>
<example>If you count to three, you'll see it's no emergency, you'll see I'm not the enemy.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ALLOT_OF" name="allot of (a lot of)">
<pattern>
<token>allot</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>a lot of</suggestion> (=plenty)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="a lot of">I've got <marker>allot of</marker> questions to you.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ALL_READY" name="all ready (already)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token regexp="yes">have|has|had</token>
<marker>
<token>all</token>
<token>ready</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>already</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="already">I have <marker>all ready</marker> bought it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- contraction -->
<token regexp="yes">ve|s</token>
<marker>
<token>all</token>
<token>ready</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>already</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="already">I've <marker>all ready</marker> bought it.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ALL_MOST" name="all most (almost)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>all</token>
<token>most</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PDT"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>almost</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Almost"><marker>All most</marker> all the patents were rejected...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ANALYSIS_IF" name="analysis if (of)">
<pattern>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token regexp="yes">analysis|kind</token>
<marker>
<token>if</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>of</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="of">An Analysis <marker>if</marker> Rock Music</example>
<example correction="of">That's the kind <marker>if</marker> blue I like.</example>
<example>This is the kind of journalism that I like!</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="IF_IS" name="if it if (is)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token skip="2">if<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">,|is|and|or</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>if</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>is</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="is">I wonder if the context <marker>if</marker> actually important.</example>
<example>if and only if</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">which|who</token>
<marker>
<token>if</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>is</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="is">The rules are testes, which <marker>if</marker> quite fast.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="BED_ENGLISH" name="bed/bat (bad) English/...">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">bed|bat</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">English|attitude</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>bad</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="bad">Sorry for my <marker>bed</marker> English.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BOTTLE_NECK" name="bottle neck (bottleneck)">
<pattern>
<token>bottle</token>
<token>neck</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>bottleneck</suggestion>? This word sequence is usually spelled together.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="bottleneck">Finding the <marker>bottle neck</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="FIRE_ARM" name="fire arm (firearm)">
<pattern>
<token>fire</token>
<token>arm</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion>? This word sequence is usually spelled together.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="firearm">The term gun is often used as a synonym for <marker>fire arm</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="NEWS_PAPER" name="news paper (newspaper)">
<pattern>
<token>news</token>
<token>paper</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>newspaper</suggestion>? This word sequence is usually spelled together.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="newspaper">Subscribing the <marker>news paper</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="AN_OTHER" name="an other (another)">
<pattern>
<token>an</token>
<token>other</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>another</suggestion>? This word sequence is usually spelled together.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Another">Yet <marker>An other</marker> Resource List</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SENT_START_THEM" name="'Them (Then)' at sentence start">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">Them|Than</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Then</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>And <marker>then</marker> it became clear.</example>
<example correction="Then"><marker>Them</marker> it became clear.</example>
<example correction="Then"><marker>Than</marker> it became clear.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THINK_YOU_A" name="think you a/an (are)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">think|thinks|thought</token>
<token>you</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>are</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Some would think you <marker>are</marker> a fortunate man.</example>
<example correction="are">Some would think you <marker>a</marker> fortunate man.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IS_WERE" name="is were (where)">
<pattern>
<token>is</token>
<marker>
<token>were</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>where</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="where">Now, this is <marker>were</marker> my ignorance sets in.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ONE_ORE" name="one ore (or)">
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<marker>
<token>ore</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>or</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="or">Type in one <marker>ore</marker> more words.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_ONLY_ON" name="the only on (one)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>only</token>
<marker>
<token>on</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>one</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="one">The trash folder is the only <marker>on</marker> for me that works.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="I_A" name="I a/an (am)">
<!--added exception for: 'Am I an annoyance' -->
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous">am</exception>I</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>am</suggestion> (first person of 'to be')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Am I An Atheist Or An Agnostic?</example>
<example correction="am">I <marker>a</marker> not sure.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PLEASE_NOT_THAT" name="please not (note) that">
<pattern>
<token>please</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
</marker>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>note</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="note">Please <marker>not</marker> that saying “Open Source” does not mean very much.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="I_AM_NOTE_SURE" name="I'm note (not) sure">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>I</token>
<token>am</token>
<marker>
<token>note</token>
</marker>
<token>sure</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>not</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="not">I am <marker>note</marker> sure.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>I</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>m</token>
<marker>
<token>note</token>
</marker>
<token>sure</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>not</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="not">I'm <marker>note</marker> sure.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="NUT_NOT" name="nut (not)">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">areca|beech|betel|brazil|cashew|kola|macadamia|monkey|palm|barrel|cage|clip-on|collar|coupling|flange|hex|split|wing</token><!-- Only a subset that are unlikely to cause false negatives. -->
<token>nut</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>nut</token>
</marker>
<token postag="(RB|JJ|NN|NN:.*)" postag_regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">case|tree|job|butter|mixture|flour|bread|oil|shell|cracker|allergy|cake</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>not</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>I love nut oil!</example>
<example correction="not">I'm <marker>nut</marker> sure.</example>
<example correction="not">Mr. Butcher, I am very annoyed with you. This is beef <marker>nut</marker> lamb, and I am sure that I asked you for lamb.</example>
<example correction="not">But surely, this wine is red <marker>nut</marker> white!</example>
<example correction="not">Make sure that the template you use is hexagonal <marker>nut</marker> square.</example>
<example>Since 2007, <marker>Brazil nut</marker> production in the area has increased 20%.</example>
<example>This new <marker>monkey nut</marker> sampling system is excellent.</example>
<example>The <marker>barrel nut</marker> test device caused problems.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AND_SO_ONE" name="and so one (on)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>and</token>
<token>so</token>
<token>one</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>and so on</suggestion> (='etc.')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="and so on">We think it helps to find bottlenecks <marker>and so one</marker>.</example>
<example>It’s very peaceful, <marker>and so one</marker> tends to like it.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THROUGH_AWAY" name="through (throw) away">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>through</token>
</marker>
<token>away</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>throw</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="throw">Or we just <marker>through</marker> away all bugs.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OR_WAY_IT" name="or way (was) it">
<pattern>
<token>or</token>
<marker>
<token>way</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">(it|that|this)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>was</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="was">Or <marker>way</marker> that a very recent change in Qt?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DT_RESPONDS" name="the/a responds (response)">
<pattern>
<token postag="DT"/>
<marker>
<token>responds</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>response</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="response">Thanks for the <marker>responds</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THINK_OFF" name="think/know off (of)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">(think|know|thought|thinking)</token>
<marker>
<token>off</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>of</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="of">It's the only part of KDE I know <marker>off</marker> that uses automasking.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="NOT_US1" name="not us (use)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token>us</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>use</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="use">Please do not <marker>us</marker> dispose.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<marker>
<token>us</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>use</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="use">Please don't <marker>us</marker> dispose.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="YOU_THING" name="I/you/... thing (think)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|they|we</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">thing|things</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>think</suggestion> or <suggestion>thinks</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="think|thinks">I <marker>thing</marker> that's a good idea.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WERE_VBB" name="were (where/we)">
<!--FIXME: this is a very crude rule, should be refined.-->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="CC"/></token>
<token><exception postag="WP|NNS|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">there|the[ym]|we|you</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>were</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB|VBP|PRP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|VBN|IN|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">there|they|we|you</exception></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">not|to</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>where</suggestion> or <suggestion>we</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example><marker>We</marker> are in the process of implementing this.</example>
<example>These relations were long marked by conflict.</example>
<example correction="where|we">They went <marker>were</marker> he wanted.</example>
<example>Black peppercorns were found lodged in the nostrils...</example>
<example>There were stage productions...</example>
<example>...and both the hedgehogs were out of sight.</example>
<example>Such mannerisms would be less worthy of remark, were it not that in Great Expectations, as in no other of Dickens' novels, hands serve as a leitmotif of plot and theme -- a kind of unifying symbol or natural metaphor for the book's complex of human interrelationships and the values and attitudes that motivate them.</example>
<example>Two of them were police radio cars.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>were</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">there|they|we|you</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>where</suggestion> or <suggestion>we</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Where|We"><marker>Were</marker> are in the process of implementing this.</example>
<example>These relations were long marked by conflict.</example>
<example>Black peppercorns were found lodged in the nostrils...</example>
<example>There were stage productions...</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="VBZ_VBD" name="it (is)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">was|wasn</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>...which <marker>it</marker> was the last day.</example>
<example correction="it">...which <marker>is</marker> wasn't the last day.</example>
<example correction="it">...which <marker>is</marker> was not the last day.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FORE_DPS" name="fore (for)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>fore</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP$"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>for</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="for">Thanks again <marker>fore</marker> your help.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LOOK_ATE" name="look ate (at)">
<pattern>
<token>look</token>
<marker>
<token>ate</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>at</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="at">Although I must admit when I look <marker>ate</marker> the paperback...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="A_KNOW_BUG" name="a know (known) bug/problem" type="grammar">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<marker>
<token>know</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">bug|problem</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>known</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="known">This is a <marker>know</marker> problem.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MY_BE" name="my (may) be">
<pattern>
<token>my</token>
<token>be</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>may be</suggestion> or <suggestion>might be</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="may be|might be">Something that <marker>my be</marker> interesting...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IS_SHOULD" name="is (it) should/could">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">(should|could)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="it">I definitely think <marker>is</marker> should be less than four years.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="CAN_NOT" name="can not (cannot)">
<pattern>
<token>can</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>cannot</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>You <marker>cannot</marker> use the keyboard to select an item.</example>
<example correction="cannot">You <marker>can not</marker> use the keyboard to select an item.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CANT" name="cant (can't)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>cant</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>to</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>can't</suggestion> or <suggestion>cannot</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="can't|cannot">I <marker>cant</marker> view pdf files in Explorer.</example>
<example>... despite all the modern cant to the contrary.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="HELL" name="hell/shell (he'll, she'll)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token><exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">does|did|would|in|the|and|be|to</exception>hell</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB"><exception regexp="yes">fire|yes|hole|even|out</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>he'll</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Go to hell!</example>
<example>Everybody in hell know me.</example>
<example>Hell yes!</example>
<example>Does Hell Know Who You Are?</example>
<example>He scared the hell out of me by popping a balloon right next to my ear.</example>
<example>Because I sure as hell do.</example>
<example>That evening turned out to be hell like all the others.</example>
<example correction="He'll"><marker>Hell</marker> be there.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous">heaven</exception>and</token>
<marker>
<token>hell</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB"><exception>fire</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>he'll</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Heaven and hell exist.</example>
<example correction="he'll">And <marker>hell</marker> be there.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker><token><exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">the|a|to|this|that|Bourne</exception>shell</token></marker>
<token postag="VB"><exception regexp="yes">people|fish</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>she'll</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>This is an egg shell.</example>
<example>How does the shell know which directory it's in?</example>
<example>Shell people did not, strictly speaking, breathe.</example>
<example correction="She'll"><marker>Shell</marker> be there.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="LETS_LET" name="let's (lets)">
<url>http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/3392/lets-vs-lets-which-is-correct</url>
<antipattern>
<token>let</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token>for</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>while</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|;" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>lets</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBP?|RB?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Let's</suggestion> (let's = let us; lets = 3rd person singular of 'let')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Let's"><marker>Lets</marker> go home.</example>
<example>It lets you sleep all night.</example>
<example correction="Let's">It's up to you three so <marker>lets</marker> hear your ideas</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|;" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>lets</token>
</marker>
<token>all</token>
<token postag="VBP?|RB?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Let's</suggestion> (let's = let us; lets = 3rd person singular of 'let')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Let's"><marker>Lets</marker> all go home.</example>
<example>It lets you sleep all night.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>let</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VB|RB?" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">all|first|just</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1s</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1</suggestion> (let's = let us; lets = 3rd person singular of 'let')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="lets|let">It <marker>let's</marker> you quickly search for the product.</example>
<example>Let's go home!</example>
<example>Let's all go home!</example>
<example>Let's first go home!</example>
<example>Let's just say that I never wanted to kill him.</example>
<example>It lets you quickly search for the product,</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>let</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token>all</token>
<token><exception postag="VB|RB?" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1s</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1</suggestion> (let's = let us; lets = 3rd person singular of 'let')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="lets|let">The system <marker>let's</marker> all students enter the building.</example>
<example>Let's go home!</example>
<example>Let's all go home!</example>
<example>It lets you quickly search for the product,</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="IT_IS" name="its vs. it's">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>all<exception scope="previous">after</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural"><exception regexp="yes">all|the|an?|just</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Above all it's important to note they're disgusting.</example>
<example correction="its">For all <marker>it's</marker> wonderful moments of humor...</example>
<example>After all it's my birthday weekend.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">along|alongside|amid|amidst|among|amongst</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Above all it's important to note they're disgusting.</example>
<example correction="its">Amid <marker>it's</marker> wonderful moments of humor...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>all<exception scope="previous">after</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular"><exception regexp="yes">all|the|an?|just</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Above all it's important to note they're disgusting.</example>
<example correction="its">For all <marker>it's</marker> perfection, I could not really like it.</example>
<example>I mean after all it's just a bandaid.</example>
<example>But all in all it's all good to be home again.</example>
<example>Second of all it's nine at night.</example>
<example>But most of all it's the atmosphere.</example>
<example>All in all it's just another brick in the wall.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">along|alongside|amid|amidst|among|amongst</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Above all it's important to note they're disgusting.</example>
<example correction="its">Alongside <marker>it's</marker> coast, there were boats.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token>way</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">Help is on <marker>it's</marker> way.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- TODO: its of, its to -->
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="IN|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">[tw]hat</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>its</token>
</marker>
<token postag="CC|DT|IN|MD|POS|PP|RB|WDT|WP|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">many|way|every</exception><exception postag="NN.*|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="VBN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (=<suggestion>it is</suggestion>) instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="It's|It is"><marker>Its</marker> where people walk around.</example>
<example>It has not yet found its way either into the pharmacopoeia.</example>
<example>London is counting iconic landmarks such as the Houses of Parliament, Tower Bridge and Buckingham Palace amongst its many attractions.</example>
<example>The Service has not said what its next step will be.</example>
<example>But mostly, I feel it because I see its poison working its way out of me and on to those around me as repercussions of my actions.</example>
<example>London is a necropolis, <marker>its</marker> every corner the site of a murder, its soil a pudding of blood and tears.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>its<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">of|all</exception><exception scope="previous" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*|IN"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBG"><exception postag="[JN].*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (=<suggestion>it is</suggestion>) instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="It's|It is"><marker>Its</marker> frustrating.</example>
<example correction="it's|it is">Well, <marker>its</marker> gonna take some time.</example>
<example>It was mainly because of its burgeoning economy.</example>
<example>No wonder Melissa responded so completely to its beckoning.</example>
<example>That may be extended to Cambridge and its surrounding countryside.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>its</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">ok(ay)?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (=<suggestion>it is</suggestion>) instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="It's|It is"><marker>Its</marker> OK.</example>
<example correction="it's|it is">Well, <marker>its</marker> okay.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">o[nf]</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token>own</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Its">New Robot Reproduces on <marker>It's</marker> Own.</example>
<example correction="its">The cat was on <marker>it's</marker> own in the large house.</example>
<example correction="its">The country's crisis was of <marker>it's</marker> own making.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB[GZ]" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">know|say|think|ok|believe|guess|see</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN(S|(:UN?))?" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="JJ|VBN|CC|DT|IN|MD|POS|PP|RB|WDT|WP|WRB"/>
<exception>his</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">I can’t remember <marker>it’s</marker> name.</example>
<example>It's nice.</example>
<example>I think it's still valid.</example>
<example>I think it's fast enough.</example>
<example> With DMA disabled it's possible to output with a high sampling frequency.</example>
<example>I know it's cliche but time really does go faster and faster the older you get.</example>
<example>I think it's PMS time.</example>
<example>I can't believe it's birthday time again already!</example>
<example correction="its">What are <marker>it's</marker> benefits?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>such</token>
<token>as</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">RDF can also be used to express metaproperties of a thesaurus, such as <marker>it's</marker> title.</example>
<example correction="its">There are so many things like about Coney Island, such as <marker>it's</marker> old-school charm.</example>
<example>We liked a lot about the biology course, such as its pace of learning.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">from|by</token>
<token>all</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">I would still consider assembling it from all <marker>it's</marker> basic components.</example>
<example correction="its">From all <marker>it's</marker> windows streamed glorious banners.</example>
<example correction="its">I was confused by all <marker>it's</marker> footnotes.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">approach|idea|own</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">We could borrow <marker>it's</marker> approach.</example>
<example correction="Its"><marker>It's</marker> approach was signaled by crunching leaves.</example>
<example>I was informed of its approach by the crunching leaves.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token>best</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">Linux at <marker>it's</marker> best</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NNS"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">When some of <marker>it's</marker> clauses match.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[Bb]y</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="its">Don't judge a book by <marker>it's</marker> cover.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>its</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">(a|the|yours?|her|his|ours?|theirs?|mine|my)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (=<suggestion>it is</suggestion>) instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="It's|It is"><marker>Its</marker> his uncle.</example>
<example correction="It's|It is"><marker>Its</marker> a good opportunity.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Currently, there are fifteen records on <marker>its</marker> A list and twenty on its B list.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">with|in|without|from|under|over|above|beneath|besides?|beyond|between|below|behind</token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="JJ.*|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (=it is)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Scene from It's a Boy Girl Thing</example>
<example correction="its">This lovely and interesting area with <marker>it's</marker> friendly people will make a welcoming break</example>
<example correction="its">In <marker>it's</marker> heyday it was a bustling port.</example>
<example correction="its">She had trouble with <marker>it's</marker> tiny buttons.</example>
<example correction="its">And above <marker>it's</marker> veranda loomed an ominous cloud.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>its<exception scope="previous">to</exception></token>
</marker>
<token>going</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (=<suggestion>it is</suggestion>) instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>It's going to rain.</example>
<example>It may even lead to its going out of business.</example>
<example correction="It's|It is"><marker>Its</marker> going to be sunny tomorrow.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>its</token>
</marker>
<token>had</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (=<suggestion>it has</suggestion>) instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>It's had a huge impact on me.</example>
<example correction="it's|it has">And <marker>its</marker> had a mention at the Labour Party Conference this morning..</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="VBG"><exception regexp="yes">saying|hoping|assuming|feeling|realizing|considering|guessing|pretending|thinking|knowing|denying|claiming|ranting|reali[sz]ing|praying|suggesting|meaning|wondering</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="VBN|CC|DT|IN|MD|POS|PP|RB|WDT|WP|WRB"/><exception regexp="yes">not|going|gonna|ok(ay)?|just</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (short form of 'it is')?</message>
<example correction="its">It does this by providing <marker>it's</marker> own open source based products.</example>
<example>Well, you know, kinda strange though, considering it's not Christmas.</example>
<example>I've been hearing it's supposed to snow tonight.</example>
<example>I'm assuming it's a suicide.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception regexp="yes">thinks|says|means|knows|claims|swears|feels|assumes|seems|decides|talks|expires|finds</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*|JJ.?"><exception regexp="yes">ok(ay)?</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it's' (short form of 'it is')?</message>
<example correction="its">This is an opportunity to see how SAP addresses <marker>it's</marker> internal developers.</example>
<example>For the first fifteen or twenty minutes it's possible to be more or less interested.</example>
<example>Who says it's going to be published?</example>
<example>He thinks it's funny too.</example>
<example>After work it is just too hard, and during weekends it's just too far away.</example>
<example>I've been waved off so many times it's hard to overcome my conditioning.</example>
<example>It seems it's like a flu shot.</example>
<example>My mom claims it's radiation.</example>
<example>I think at times it's very easy to be overwhelmed by facts and figures.</example>
<example>It depends whose hands it's in.</example>
<example>And the funny thing is it's okay.</example>
<example>And when you're with a big group of friends it's even more fun.</example>
</rule>
<!-- it's .*/JJS .*/NN::word=its \1 \2::pivots=it's,its::options=it's,its -->
<rule id="ITS_JJS_NN" name="its (possessive) JJS NN">
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="JJS"><exception postag="JJS" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its <match no="4"/> <match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="its reddest area">For the painting, <marker>it's reddest area</marker> was in the upper left.</example>
</rule>
<!-- for it's .*/JJ|NN|NNS::word=for its::pivots=\1,its -->
<rule id="FOR_ITS_NN" name="for its NN (possessive)">
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="JJ|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>for its \5</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="for its crazy">No one had any remedies <marker>for it's crazy</marker> rantings.</example>
</rule>
<!-- at|be|about|above|across|against|along|among|around|at|behind|by|for|from|had|in|near|of|on|over|through|to|towards|under|upon|with|without it's .*/JJ|NN|NNS::word=\0 its \2::pivots=it's,its -->
<rule id="ABOUT_ITS_NN" name="about its NN (possessive)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">be|about|above|across|against|along|among|around|at|behind|by|for|from|had|in|near|of|on|over|through|to|towards|under|upon|with|without</token>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="JJ|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> its <match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="about its happy">The frog told a story <marker>about it's happy</marker> childhood in the river.</example>
</rule>
<!-- to .*/VB it's .*/NN|NNS::word=\0 \1 its \3::pivots=it's,its -->
<rule id="TO_VB_ITS_NN" name="to VB its NN (possessive)">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> its <match no="6"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to take its apple">I wanted so badly <marker>to take it's apple</marker> and throw it through the window.</example>
</rule>
<!-- it's .*/JJ .*/NNS|NN::word=its \1 \2::pivots=it's,its -->
<rule id="ITS_JJ_NNSNN" name="its JJ NN (possessive)">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>It</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token>bad</token>
<token>manners</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="JJ" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NNS|NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNS|NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>its <match no="4"/> <match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="its odorless handshake">I appreciated <marker>it's odorless handshake</marker> by the fifth time.</example>
<example>I appreciate its odorless handshake by the fifth time.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="WED_WE_D" name="wed (we'd)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>wed</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[PN]"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>we'd</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="We'd"><marker>Wed</marker> gone so far.</example>
<example correction="we'd">Actually, <marker>wed</marker> love to do this!</example>
<example>We'd love to eat ice cream!</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>wed</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">better|never|rather|probably|normally|ordinarily</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>we'd</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="we'd">Really, <marker>wed</marker> better hurry!</example>
<example>We'd love to eat ice cream!</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="WHOS" name="who's (whose)">
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="IN"/>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whose</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="whose">By <marker>who's</marker> standards?</example>
<example>Those whose money was stolen are free.</example>
<example correction="whose">What do you know about <marker>who's</marker> car that is?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">those|many|some</token>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whose</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="whose">Those <marker>who's</marker> highest level of education...</example>
<example>Those whose money was stolen are free.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whose</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="whose">These are people <marker>who's</marker> lives are important.</example>
</rule>
<!-- who's .*/NN::word=whose \1::pivots=who's,whose -->
<rule id="WHOS_NN" name="whos NN (possessive)">
<pattern>
<token>who</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whose <match no="4"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="whose banana">Do we know <marker>who's banana</marker> this is on the table?</example>
</rule>
<!-- whose .*/DT::word=who's \1::pivots=whose,who's -->
<rule id="WHOSE_DT" name="whose DT (possessive)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>whose</token>
</marker>
<token postag="DT"><exception postag="DT" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>who's</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Who's"><marker>Whose</marker> the boss around here?</example>
</rule>
<!-- who's actual::word=whose actual::pivots=who's,whose::options=who's,whose -->
<rule id="WHOS_ACTUAL" name="who's actual (possessive)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">actual|name|previous</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whose</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Whose"><marker>Who's</marker> actual job is it to make copies around here?</example>
<example>Whose actual job is it to get coffee around here?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="NOW" name="no/now">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="IN"/><exception postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token>no</token>
</marker>
<token postag="MD|VBD|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">known|need</exception></token>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>now</suggestion> (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="now">There <marker>no</marker> will be a park.</example>
<example>Although in no state the repression has been as great as it was in Soviet times.</example>
<example>There was evidently no thought of their being published.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- TODO: 'no the', 'no of' -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>no<exception scope="previous" inflected="yes">say</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag="CC|DT|IN|MD|NP|RP|WDT|WP|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">such|for</exception><exception postag="JJR|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>now</suggestion> (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Get out of bed no later than ten minutes after the alarm goes off.</example>
<example correction="now">There's <marker>no</marker> a new building.</example>
<example>I had to say no to them.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>no</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">were|was|been|be|is</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>now</suggestion> (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Now"><marker>No</marker> is the right time.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SCENT_SENT" name="seen or scene">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">a|the|his|her|their</token>
<marker>
<token>sent</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>scent</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="scent">His <marker>sent</marker> was strong.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">we|were|was|he|she|I</token>
<marker>
<token>scent</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>sent</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="sent">He <marker>scent</marker> the package.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SCENE_SEEN" name="seen/scene">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">this|another|opening|final|music</token>
<marker>
<token>seen</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>scene</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="scene">We watched the opening <marker>seen</marker> of the play.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">those|both|be|not|was|has|never|generally|rarely|often|always</token>
<marker>
<token>scene</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>seen</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="seen">Similar to those <marker>scene</marker> in the park...</example>
<example>Similar to those <marker>seen</marker> in the park.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="MANGER_MANAGER" name="manger (manager)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">lifespan|bank|team|project|marketing|development|area|group|line|business|branch|production|lan|stage|fund|module|office|system|store|football|presentation|file|product|farm|training|package|program|centre|quality|shop|administration|window|city|care|district|player|transport|campaign|caretaker|deputy|hotel|service|station|unit|forest|section|restaurant|club|database|company|case|desktop|investment|catering|site|account|tour|type|beverage|credit|lead|cricket|practice|programme|publicity|test|trainee|colliery|department|engineering|night|plant|floor|theatre|theater|dealing|duty|house|cinema|estate|brand|insurance|nurse|palace|producer/editorial|safety|storage|technology|town|copy|depot|distribution|mill|county|print|bureau|factory|hospital|library|network|research</token>
<token>manger</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 manager</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="project manager">He's our new <marker>project manger</marker>.</example>
<example>Jesus lies in the manger.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="MODAL_OF" name="could of (could have)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">could|would|should|might|may|must</token>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>course</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>It's never correct to use 'of' after a modal verb. Use <suggestion>\1 have</suggestion>, or, in informal register, <suggestion>\1've</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="should have|should've">It <marker>should of</marker> been found last night.</example>
<example>It was the will of world citizens to fix the problem.</example>
<example>I could have bought this house!</example>
<example>I must of course have something of my own before many more years have passed over my head.</example>
<example correction="must have|must've">Something terrible <marker>must of</marker> happened here.</example>
<example correction="could have|could've">It <marker>could of</marker> been you, the one that I was givin' my love to.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception>the</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>will</token>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>course</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>It's never correct to use 'of' after a modal verb. Use <suggestion>\2 have</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="will have">It <marker>will of</marker> been discovered by tomorrow.</example>
<example>It was the will of world citizens to fix the problem.</example>
<example>I will have that dress!</example>
<example>I will of course have something of my own before many more years have passed over my head.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="HAD_OF" name="had of (had)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>had</token>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</pattern>
<message>It's never correct to use 'of' after 'had' to form a 'pluperfect' tense. Use <suggestion>had</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="had">I <marker>had of</marker> bought this house.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ONES" name="ones (one's)" type="typographical">
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="JJ.*|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token>ones</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>one's</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>The common ones clashing with the noble ones</example>
<example correction="one's">One should always wash <marker>ones</marker> feet in the morning.</example>
<example>These were the ones Keith sought out.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="POSSESSIVE_APOSTROPHE" name="Possessive apostrophe error" type="typographical">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="PRP$"/><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">give|avail|serve</exception></token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">\p{Ll}*s<exception regexp="yes">his|ones|relations|affairs</exception><exception postag="VBZ|RB|IN|JJ|NN:.*|NN|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">\p{Ll}{2,}<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow|now|in|are</exception><exception postag="VBG|VB|VBP|VBD|VBN|RB|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|PRP|NNP.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">\p{Punct}</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Apostrophe might be missing. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3"/>'</suggestion> or <suggestion><match suppress_misspelled="yes" no="3" postag="NN(P)?S" postag_regexp="yes" postag_replace="NN$1(:U.?)?" setpos="no"/>'s</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>This is a transcript of the president's speech.</example>
<example>Publishers today are at loss...</example>
<example>Owen was seven years younger.</example>
<example>My random thoughts day after day...</example>
<example>The Romans may have marked the centre of Londinium.</example>
<example>Universities A and B are old universities...</example>
<example>He made his final report to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on U.S. affairs abroad.</example>
<example>He gave the customers chips or checks or premium points.</example>
<example correction="presidents'|president's">This is a transcript of the <marker>presidents</marker> oration from March.</example>
<example>Legalized Abortion on Crime, authored by the economists Steven D. Levitt and John Donohue.</example>
<example>Gershwin overlays the slow blues theme from section B in the final “Grandioso.”</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="PRP$"/></token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">\p{Ll}*s<exception regexp="yes">his|ones|relations|affairs</exception><exception postag="VBZ|RB|IN|JJ|NN:.*|NN|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">\p{Ll}{2,}<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow|now|in</exception><exception postag="RB|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|VB[GDP]" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">\p{Punct}</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3"/>'</suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="3" postag="NN(P)?S" postag_regexp="yes" postag_replace="NN$1(:U.?)?" setpos="no"/>'s</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Publishers today are at loss...</example>
<example>The Romans may have marked the centre of Londinium.</example>
<example>Owen was seven years younger.</example>
<example>Universities A and B are old universities...</example>
<example correction="presidents'|president's">This is a transcript of the <marker>presidents</marker> speech.</example>
<example>All Souls College, Oxford</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="APOSTROPHE_PLURAL" name="Possessive form instead of plural">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN.*|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>got</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using the plural form here: <suggestion>\2\4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>And how funny it'll seem, sending presents to one's own feet!</example>
<example correction="teachers">7 reasons why <marker>teacher's</marker> found us top class</example>
<example>The whole sky's caved in.</example>
<example>His throat's shut.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="RB"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token postag="WRB"/>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using the plural form here: <suggestion>\1\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Here's how the scheme works.</example>
<example correction="reasons">7 <marker>reason's</marker> why</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ANY_BODY" name="any body (anybody)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">any|some</token>
<token>one</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>of</exception><exception postag="NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Anyone"><marker>Any one</marker> needs help here?</example>
<example>But the Communists never gave sufficient provocation at any one time for the United States to want to risk a limited or an all-out war over Laos.</example>
<example correction="anyone">Can <marker>any one</marker> point me to the right direction?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">no|any|some</token>
<token regexp="yes">body|thing</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Nobody"><marker>No body</marker> seems to care.</example>
<example correction="nothing">There's <marker>no thing</marker> wrong with this sentence.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="MAY_BE" name="may be (maybe)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>may</token>
<token>be</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP"><exception>one</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>maybe</suggestion> (=perhaps)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Maybe"><marker>May be</marker> I don't understand.</example>
<example>That they all may be one...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>(</token>
<marker>
<token>may</token>
<token>be</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>maybe</suggestion> (=perhaps)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="maybe">I paid (<marker>may be</marker>) an exorbitant price for this.</example>
<example>I paid (maybe) an exorbitant price.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ONCE_AND_A_WHILE" name="once and (in) a while">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>once</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>while</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard phrase. Did you mean <suggestion>once in a while</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="once in a while">My computer starts up only <marker>once and a while</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>once</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>awhile</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard phrase. Did you mean <suggestion>once in a while</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="once in a while">My computer starts up only <marker>once and awhile</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="SPARKING_WINE" name="sparking (sparkling) wine">
<pattern>
<token>sparking</token>
<token regexp="yes">wine|wines</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>sparkling \2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="sparkling wine">I love <marker>sparking wine</marker>.</example>
<example>I hate sparkling wine.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VERY_MATCH" name="very match (much)">
<pattern>
<token>you</token>
<marker>
<token>very</token>
<token>match</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>very much</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="very much">Thank you <marker>very match</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VARY_MUCH" name="...you vary (very) much">
<pattern>
<token>you</token>
<marker>
<token>vary</token>
</marker>
<token>much</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>very</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="very">Thank you <marker>vary</marker> much.</example>
</rule>
<!-- hasn't &irregular_verb::word=\0 \1:participle::pivots=\1,\1:participle -->
<rule id="HASNT_IRREGULAR_VERB" name="'hasn't' + irregular past tense verb">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">hasn|weren|hadn|haven</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token regexp="yes">abide|abode|alight|arise|arose|ate|awake|awoke|be|bear|became|befall|befell|began|beget|begin|begot|behold|bend|beseech|betake|bethink|betook|bind|bit|bite|bleed|blew|blow|bore|break|breed|bring|broke|browbeat|build|burn|buy|came|catch|chide|choose|chose|clap|cling|clothe|creep|dare|daydream|deal|did|dig|disprove|dive|do|dove|drank|draw|dream|drew|drink|drive|drove|dwell|eat|fall|feed|feel|fell|fight|find|flee|flew|fling|fly|forbade|forbear|forbid|forbore|forego|foresaw|foresee|foretell|forewent|forgave|forget|forgive|forgot|forsake|forsook|forswear|freeze|frostbite|froze|gainsay|gave|get|gild|give|go|grew|grind|grow|hang|have|hear|heave|hew|hewed|hid|hide|hold|inbreed|inlay|keep|kneel|knew|know|lade|landslide|lay|lead|lean|leap|learn|leave|lend|lie|light|lose|make|mean|meet|mislead|misspell|mistake|mistook|misunderstand|mow|outdid|outdo|outgrew|outgrow|outlay|outran|outride|outshine|overbore|overcame|overdo|overeat|overhang|overhear|overlay|overleap|overlie|overran|override|oversaw|oversee|overtake|overthrew|overthrow|overtook|overwrite|partake|partook|pay|plead|prove|ran|rang|rebuild|redid|redo|reeve|refit|regrow|relay|relight|remake|rend|repay|retake|retell|rethink|retook|rewind|rewrite|rewrote|ride|ring|rise|rived|rode|rose|sang|sank|saw|say|see|seek|sell|send|sew|shake|shave|shear|sheared|shine|shoe|shook|shoot|show|showed|shrank|shrink|sing|sink|sit|slay|sleep|slide|sling|slink|smell|smite|sneak|sow|sowed|speak|speed|spell|spend|spill|spin|spoil|spoke|sprang|spring|stand|stank|stave|steal|stick|sting|stink|stole|strew|strewed|stride|strike|string|strip|strive|strode|strove|sunburn|swam|swear|sweep|swell|swelled|swim|swing|swore|take|teach|tear|tell|think|threw|thrive|throve|throw|took|tore|tread|troubleshoot|typewrite|unbend|unbind|undergo|underlay|underlie|undersell|understand|undertake|undertook|underwent|undid|undo|unlearn|unmake|unsay|unwind|uphold|vex|wake|was|waylay|wear|weave|wed|weep|went|whet|win|wind|withdraw|withdrew|withhold|withstand|woke|wore|wove|wring|write|wrote</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/><match no="2"/><match no="3"/> <match no="4" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="haven't bitten">They <marker>haven't bit</marker> their tongue.</example>
<example>They haven't awoken before nine in a long time.</example>
</rule>
<!-- could've &irregular_verb::word=\0 \1:participle::pivots=\1,\1:participle -->
<rule id="COULDVE_IRREGULAR_VERB" name="'Could've' + irregular past tense verb">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">could|would|should|you|i|we|they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>ve</token>
<token regexp="yes">abide|abode|alight|arise|arose|ate|awake|awoke|be|bear|became|befall|befell|began|beget|begin|begot|behold|bend|beseech|betake|bethink|betook|bind|bit|bite|bleed|blew|blow|bore|break|breed|bring|broke|browbeat|build|burn|buy|came|catch|chide|choose|chose|clap|cling|clothe|creep|dare|daydream|deal|did|dig|disprove|dive|do|dove|drank|draw|dream|drew|drink|drive|drove|dwell|eat|fall|feed|feel|fell|fight|find|flee|flew|fling|fly|forbade|forbear|forbid|forbore|forego|foresaw|foresee|foretell|forewent|forgave|forget|forgive|forgot|forsake|forsook|forswear|freeze|frostbite|froze|gainsay|gave|get|gild|give|grew|grind|grow|hang|have|hear|heave|hew|hewed|hid|hide|hold|inbreed|inlay|keep|kneel|knew|know|lade|landslide|lay|lead|lean|leap|learn|leave|lend|lie|light|lose|make|mean|meet|mislead|misspell|mistake|mistook|misunderstand|mow|outdid|outdo|outgrew|outgrow|outlay|outran|outride|outshine|overbore|overcame|overdo|overeat|overhang|overhear|overlay|overleap|overlie|overran|override|oversaw|oversee|overtake|overthrew|overthrow|overtook|overwrite|partake|partook|pay|plead|prove|ran|rang|rebuild|redid|redo|reeve|refit|regrow|relay|relight|remake|rend|repay|retake|retell|rethink|retook|rewind|rewrite|rewrote|ride|ring|rise|rived|rode|rose|sang|sank|saw|say|see|seek|sell|send|sew|shake|shave|shear|sheared|shine|shoe|shook|shoot|show|showed|shrank|shrink|sing|sink|sit|slay|sleep|slide|sling|slink|smell|smite|sneak|sow|sowed|speak|speed|spell|spend|spill|spin|spoil|spoke|sprang|spring|stand|stank|stave|steal|stick|sting|stink|stole|strew|strewed|stride|strike|string|strip|strive|strode|strove|sunburn|swam|swear|sweep|swell|swelled|swim|swing|swore|take|teach|tear|tell|think|threw|thrive|throve|throw|took|tore|tread|troubleshoot|typewrite|unbend|unbind|undergo|underlay|underlie|undersell|understand|undertake|undertook|underwent|undid|undo|unlearn|unmake|unsay|unwind|uphold|vex|wake|was|waylay|wear|weave|wed|weep|went|whet|win|wind|withdraw|withdrew|withhold|withstand|woke|wore|wove|wring|write|wrote</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/><match no="2"/><match no="3"/> <match no="4" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="could've eaten">We <marker>could've ate</marker> the chicken.</example>
</rule>
<!-- an|in|for|the|to every day::word=\0 everyday::pivots=\1 \2,everyday -->
<rule id="ANINFOR_EVERY_DAY" name="an every day (everyday)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">an|in|for|the|to</token>
<token>every</token>
<token>day</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> everyday</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="for everyday">They like to look <marker>for every day</marker> occurrences.</example>
</rule>
<!-- all ways::word=always -->
<rule id="ALL_WAYS" name="all ways (always)">
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>ways</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>always</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="always">He <marker>all ways</marker> takes the last piece of cake.</example>
<example>He always takes the cake.</example>
</rule>
<!-- every where::word=everywhere -->
<rule id="EVERY_WHERE" name="every where (everywhere)">
<pattern>
<token>every</token>
<token>where</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>everywhere</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="everywhere">There are bugs <marker>every where</marker>.</example>
<example>We through the trash everywhere.</example>
</rule>
<!-- figure head::word=figurehead -->
<rule id="FIGURE_HEAD" name="figure head (figurehead)">
<pattern>
<token>figure</token>
<token>head</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>figurehead</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="figurehead">The boss was merely a <marker>figure head</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- flag ship::word=flagship -->
<rule id="FLAG_SHIP" name="flag ship (flagship)">
<pattern>
<token>flag</token>
<token>ship</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>flagship</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="flagship">This was the <marker>flag ship</marker> store.</example>
</rule>
<!-- head gear::word=headgear -->
<rule id="HEAD_GEAR" name="head gear (headgear)">
<pattern>
<token>head</token>
<token>gear</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>headgear</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="headgear">She wore <marker>head gear</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- head quarters::word=headquarters -->
<rule id="HEAD_QUARTERS" name="head quarters (headquarters)">
<pattern>
<token>head</token>
<token>quarters</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>headquarters</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="headquarters">He found the secret <marker>head quarters</marker>.</example>
<example>He found the headquarters.</example>
</rule>
<!-- head stone::word=headstone -->
<rule id="HEAD_STONE" name="head stone (headstone)">
<pattern>
<token>head</token>
<token>stone</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>headstone</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="headstone">They wrote the words on his <marker>head stone</marker>.</example>
<example>He had a slightly cracked headstone.</example>
</rule>
<!-- head wear::word=headwear -->
<rule id="HEAD_WEAR" name="head wear (headwear)">
<pattern>
<token>head</token>
<token>wear</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>headwear</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="headwear">The Mets cap was his favorite <marker>head wear</marker>.</example>
<example>The Yankees cap was his favorite headwear.</example>
</rule>
<!-- how ever::word=however -->
<rule id="HOW_EVER" name="how ever (however)">
<pattern>
<token>how</token>
<token>ever</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>however</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="however">We knew, <marker>how ever</marker>, that he would come around.</example>
<example>However, this was strictly unnecessary.</example>
</rule>
<!-- key note::word=keynote -->
<rule id="KEY_NOTE" name="key note (keynote)">
<pattern>
<token>key</token>
<token>note</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>keynote</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="keynote">The <marker>key note</marker> speaker was Bill Gates.</example>
</rule>
<!-- laughing stock::word=laughingstock -->
<rule id="LAUGHING_STOCK" name="laughing stock (laughingstock)">
<pattern>
<token>laughing</token>
<token>stock</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>laughingstock</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="laughingstock">The fool was the <marker>laughing stock</marker> of the town.</example>
</rule>
<!-- life time::word=lifetime -->
<rule id="LIFE_TIME" name="life time (lifetime)">
<pattern>
<token>life</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lifetime</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lifetime">In his <marker>life time</marker>, there will be many medical advances.</example>
</rule>
<!-- mean while::word=meanwhile -->
<rule id="MEAN_WHILE" name="mean while (meanwhile)">
<pattern>
<token>mean</token>
<token>while</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>meanwhile</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Meanwhile"><marker>Mean while</marker>, back on the farm...</example>
</rule>
<!-- nation wide::word=nationwide -->
<rule id="NATION_WIDE" name="nation wide (nationwide)">
<pattern>
<token>nation</token>
<token>wide</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>nationwide</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="nationwide">There was a <marker>nation wide</marker> epidemic.</example>
</rule>
<!-- near by::word=nearby -->
<rule id="NEAR_BY" name="near by (nearby)">
<pattern>
<token>near</token>
<token>by</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>nearby</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="nearby">There were some stores <marker>near by</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- new comer::word=newcomer -->
<rule id="NEW_COMER" name="new comer (newcomer)">
<pattern>
<token>new</token>
<token>comer</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>newcomer</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="newcomer">There was a <marker>new comer</marker> to the party.</example>
</rule>
<!-- note worthy::word=noteworthy -->
<rule id="NOTE_WORTHY" name="note worthy (noteworthy)">
<pattern>
<token>note</token>
<token>worthy</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>noteworthy</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="noteworthy">This was a <marker>note worthy</marker> achievement.</example>
</rule>
<!-- now a days::word=nowadays -->
<rule id="NOW_A_DAYS" name="now a days (nowadays)">
<pattern>
<token>now</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>days</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>nowadays</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Nowadays"><marker>Now a days</marker>, there isn't much hope.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on going::word=ongoing -->
<rule id="ON_GOING" name="on going (ongoing)">
<pattern>
<token>on<exception scope='previous' inflected="yes">insist</exception></token>
<token>going</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>ongoing</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="ongoing">There is an <marker>on going</marker> investigation.</example>
<example>She insisted on going for a drive.</example>
</rule>
<!-- out grow::word=outgrow -->
<rule id="OUT_GROW" name="out grow (outgrow)">
<pattern>
<token>out</token>
<token>grow</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>outgrow</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="outgrow">The little guy would soon <marker>out grow</marker> his clothes.</example>
</rule>
<!-- out side::word=outside -->
<rule id="OUT_SIDE" name="out side (outside)">
<pattern>
<token>out</token>
<token>side</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>outside</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="outside">There were more tables <marker>out side</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- over looked::word=overlooked -->
<rule id="OVER_LOOKED" name="over looked (overlooked)">
<pattern>
<token>over</token>
<token>looked</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>overlooked</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="overlooked">There were several details we <marker>over looked</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- over looking::word=overlooking -->
<rule id="OVER_LOOKING" name="over looking (overlooking)">
<pattern>
<token>over</token>
<token>looking</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>overlooking</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="overlooking">We were <marker>over looking</marker> the Grand Canyon.</example>
</rule>
<!-- over rated::word=overrated -->
<rule id="OVER_RATED" name="over rated (overrated)">
<pattern>
<token>over</token>
<token>rated</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>overrated</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="overrated">The movie was highly <marker>over rated</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- over seas::word=overseas -->
<rule id="OVER_SEAS" name="over seas (overseas)">
<pattern>
<token>over</token>
<token>seas</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>overseas</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="overseas">He was stationed <marker>over seas</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- short coming::word=shortcoming -->
<rule id="SHORT_COMING" name="short coming (shortcoming)">
<pattern>
<token>short</token>
<token>coming</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>shortcoming</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="shortcoming">Being on time was his biggest <marker>short coming</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- short cut::word=shortcut -->
<rule id="SHORT_CUT" name="short cut (shortcut)">
<pattern>
<token>short</token>
<token>cut</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>shortcut</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="shortcut">I know a <marker>short cut</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- side kick::word=sidekick -->
<rule id="SIDE_KICK" name="side kick (sidekick)">
<pattern>
<token>side</token>
<token>kick</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>sidekick</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="sidekick">He had a zany <marker>side kick</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- sky diving::word=skydiving -->
<rule id="SKY_DIVING" name="sky diving (skydiving)">
<pattern>
<token>sky</token>
<token>diving</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>skydiving</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="skydiving">We went <marker>sky diving</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- some how::word=somehow -->
<rule id="SOME_HOW" name="some how (somehow)">
<pattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>how</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>somehow</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Somehow"><marker>Some how</marker>, we made it out alive.</example>
</rule>
<!-- stale mate::word=stalemate -->
<rule id="STALE_MATE" name="stale mate (stalemate)">
<pattern>
<token>stale</token>
<token>mate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>stalemate</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="stalemate">The game ended in a <marker>stale mate</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- them selves::word=themselves -->
<rule id="THEM_SELVES" name="them selves (themselves)">
<pattern>
<token>them</token>
<token>selves</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>themselves</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="themselves">They were falling over <marker>them selves</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- back fire::word=backfire -->
<rule id="BACK_FIRE" name="back fire (backfire)">
<pattern>
<token>back</token>
<token>fire</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>backfire</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="backfire">His plans always <marker>back fire</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- world wide::word=worldwide -->
<rule id="WORLD_WIDE" name="world wide (worldwide)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>world</token>
<token>wide</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>web</exception></token> <!-- Don't suggest change for "World Wide Web" -->
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>worldwide</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="worldwide">There was a <marker>world wide</marker> epidemic.</example>
</rule>
<!-- worth while::word=worthwhile -->
<rule id="WORTH_WHILE" name="worth while (worthwhile)">
<pattern>
<token>worth</token>
<token>while</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>worthwhile</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="worthwhile">It was a <marker>worth while</marker> endeavor.</example>
</rule>
<!-- way side::word=wayside -->
<rule id="WAY_SIDE" name="way side (wayside)">
<pattern>
<token>way</token>
<token>side</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wayside</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="wayside">We let it fall by the <marker>way side</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- along side::word=alongside -->
<rule id="ALONG_SIDE" name="along side (alongside)">
<pattern>
<token>along</token>
<token>side</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>alongside</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="alongside">The car pulled up <marker>along side</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- be cause::word=because -->
<rule id="BE_CAUSE" name="be cause (because)">
<pattern>
<token>be</token>
<token>cause</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because">It was all <marker>be cause</marker> of you.</example>
</rule>
<!-- be ware::word=beware -->
<rule id="BE_WARE" name="be ware (beware)">
<pattern>
<token>be</token>
<token>ware</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>beware</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Beware"><marker>Be ware</marker> of the bears.</example>
</rule>
<!-- before hand::word=beforehand -->
<rule id="BEFORE_HAND" name="before hand (beforehand)">
<pattern>
<token>before</token>
<token>hand</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>beforehand</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="beforehand">We packed <marker>before hand</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- down side::word=downside -->
<rule id="DOWN_SIDE" name="down side (downside)">
<pattern>
<token>down</token>
<token>side</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>downside</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="downside">There was no serious <marker>down side</marker> to the plan.</example>
</rule>
<!-- through out::word=throughout -->
<rule id="THROUGH_OUT" name="through out (throughout)">
<pattern>
<token>through</token>
<token>out</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>throughout</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="throughout">We felt awkward <marker>through out</marker> the play.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on-going::word=ongoing -->
<rule id="ON-GOING" name="on-going (ongoing)">
<pattern>
<token>on-going</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>ongoing</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="ongoing">There is an <marker>on-going</marker> investigation.</example>
</rule>
<!-- light weight::word=lightweight -->
<rule id="LIGHT_WEIGHT" name="light weight (lightweight)">
<pattern>
<token>light</token>
<token>weight</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lightweight</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lightweight">He is the best <marker>light weight</marker> boxer in the world.</example>
</rule>
<!-- heavy weight::word=heavyweight -->
<rule id="HEAVY_WEIGHT" name="heavy weight (heavyweight)">
<pattern>
<token>heavy</token>
<token>weight</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>heavyweight</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="heavyweight">He is the best <marker>heavy weight</marker> boxer in the world.</example>
</rule>
<!-- free lance::word=freelance -->
<rule id="FREE_LANCE" name="free lance (freelance)">
<pattern>
<token>free</token>
<token>lance</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>freelance</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="freelance">We did some <marker>free lance</marker> work for the company.</example>
</rule>
<!-- free lancer::word=freelancer -->
<rule id="FREE_LANCER" name="free lancer (freelancer)">
<pattern>
<token>free</token>
<token>lancer</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>freelancer</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="freelancer">He was a <marker>free lancer</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- free lances::word=freelances -->
<rule id="FREE_LANCES" name="free lances (freelances)">
<pattern>
<token>free</token>
<token>lances</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>freelances</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="freelances">He only <marker>free lances</marker> for the CIA.</example>
</rule>
<!-- free lancing::word=freelancing -->
<rule id="FREE_LANCING" name="free lancing (freelancing)">
<pattern>
<token>free</token>
<token>lancing</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>freelancing</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="freelancing">His <marker>free lancing</marker> work is fantastic.</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/VB a while::word=\0 awhile::pivots=a while,awhile -->
<rule id="VB_A_WHILE" name="VB a while (awhile)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="VB">
<exception postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/>
<exception>take</exception>
</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>while</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>longer</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> awhile</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="forget awhile">He was expected to <marker>forget a while</marker> after the fact.</example>
<example>He was expected to stay awhile.</example>
</rule>
<!-- web site::word=website -->
<rule id="WEB_SITE" name="web site (website)">
<pattern>
<token>web</token>
<token regexp="yes">site|sight</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>website</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="website">The <marker>web site</marker> was down.</example>
</rule>
<!-- head scarf::word=headscarf -->
<rule id="HEAD_SCARF" name="head scarf (headscarf)">
<pattern>
<token>head</token>
<token>scarf</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>headscarf</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="headscarf">France had a ban on the <marker>head scarf</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- head scarves::word=headscarves -->
<rule id="HEAD_SCARVES" name="head scarves (headscarves)">
<pattern>
<token>head</token>
<token>scarves</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>headscarves</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="headscarves">France had a ban on <marker>head scarves</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- key words::word=keywords -->
<rule id="KEY_WORDS" name="key words (keywords)">
<pattern>
<token>key</token>
<token>words</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>keywords</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="keywords">You have to enter the <marker>key words</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- crowd sourcing::word=crowdsourcing -->
<rule id="CROWD_SOURCING" name="crowd sourcing (crowdsourcing)">
<pattern>
<token>crowd</token>
<token>sourcing</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>crowdsourcing</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="crowdsourcing">Mechanical Turk is an example of <marker>crowd sourcing</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- meta data::word=metadata -->
<rule id="META_DATA" name="meta data (metadata)">
<pattern>
<token>meta</token>
<token>data</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>metadata</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="metadata">Tika's library takes <marker>meta data</marker> into account.</example>
</rule>
<!-- stand alone::word=standalone -->
<rule id="STAND_ALONE" name="stand alone (standalone)">
<pattern>
<token>stand</token>
<token>alone</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>standalone</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="standalone">I wrote a <marker>stand alone</marker> application.</example>
</rule>
<!-- past time::word=pastime -->
<rule id="PAST_TIME" name="past time (pastime)">
<pattern>
<token>past</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>pastime</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="pastime">This was America's favorite <marker>past time</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- any where::word=anywhere -->
<rule id="ANY_WHERE" name="any where (anywhere)">
<pattern>
<token>any</token>
<token>where</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>anywhere</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="anywhere">Put your stuff down <marker>any where</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- some where::word=somewhere -->
<rule id="SOME_WHERE" name="some where (somewhere)">
<pattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>where</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>somewhere</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="somewhere">There's a place for us, <marker>some where</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/DT bail out::word=\0 bailout::pivots=bail out,bailout -->
<rule id="DT_BAIL_OUT" name="a bail out (bailout)">
<pattern>
<token postag="DT"><exception postag="DT" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>bail</token>
<token>out</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> bailout</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="The bailout"><marker>The bail out</marker> was too expensive.</example>
</rule>
<!-- out come::word=outcome -->
<rule id="OUT_COME" name="out come (outcome)">
<pattern>
<token>out</token>
<token>come</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>outcome</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="outcome">What was the <marker>out come</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<!-- album comprised of::word=album composed of::pivots=comprised,composed::options=comprised,composed -->
<rule id="ALBUM_COMPRISED_OF" name="album comprised of">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">album|army</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> composed of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="album composed of">This is an <marker>album comprised of</marker> of great songs.</example>
<example>This is an album composed of great songs.</example>
</rule>
<!-- area comprised of::word=area consisting of::pivots=comprised,consisting::options=comprised,consisting -->
<rule id="AREA_COMPRISED_OF" name="area comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>area</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>area consisting of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="area consisting of">The Tenderloin is an <marker>area comprised of</marker> the seedy sort.</example>
</rule>
<!-- band comprised of::word=band composed of, band comprising::pivots=comprised,composed,comprising::options=comprised,composed,comprising -->
<rule id="BAND_COMPRISED_OF" name="band comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>band</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>band composed of</suggestion> or <suggestion>band comprising</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="band composed of|band comprising">The Beatles were a <marker>band comprised of</marker> great musicians.</example>
</rule>
<!-- comprised principally of::word=composed principally of::pivots=comprised,composed::options=comprised,composed -->
<rule id="COMPRISED_PRINCIPALLY_OF" name="comprised principally of">
<pattern>
<token>comprised</token>
<token regexp="yes">principally|primarily</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>composed <match no="2"/> of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="composed primarily of">The lawsuit was <marker>comprised primarily of</marker> false accusations.</example>
</rule>
<!-- entirely comprised of::word=entirely composed of::pivots=comprised,composed::options=comprised,composed -->
<rule id="ENTIRELY_COMPRISED_OF" name="entirely comprised of">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">entirely|group|mainly|mostly</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> composed of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="entirely composed of">It was <marker>entirely comprised of</marker> people.</example>
</rule>
<!-- comprised chiefly of::word=composed chiefly of, comprised chiefly, consisted chiefly of::options=comprised,composed,consisted -->
<rule id="COMPRISED_CHIEFLY_OF" name="comprised chiefly of">
<pattern>
<token>comprised</token>
<token regexp="yes">chiefly|entirely|exclusively|generally|largely|mainly|mostly|only|primarily|principally|wholly</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>composed \2 \3</suggestion> or <suggestion>comprised \2</suggestion> or <suggestion>consisted \2 \3</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="composed chiefly of|comprised chiefly|consisted chiefly of">The song was <marker>comprised chiefly of</marker> B chords.</example>
</rule>
<!-- comprises of::word=comprises, consists of::options=comprises,consists -->
<rule id="COMPRISES_OF" name="comprises of">
<pattern>
<token>comprises</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>comprises</suggestion> or <suggestion>consists of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="comprises|consists of">The part <marker>comprises of</marker> the whole.</example>
</rule>
<!-- comprising of::word=comprising, consisting of::options=comprising,consisting -->
<rule id="COMPRISING_OF" name="comprising of">
<pattern>
<token>comprising</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>comprising</suggestion> or <suggestion>consisting of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="comprising|consisting of">This is a country <marker>comprising of</marker> independent people.</example>
</rule>
<!-- comprise of::word=comprise, consist of::options=comprise,consist -->
<rule id="COMPRISE_OF" name="comprise of">
<pattern>
<token>comprise</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>comprise</suggestion> or <suggestion>consist of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="comprise|consist of">It's tough to think you <marker>comprise of</marker> mostly water.</example>
</rule>
<!-- was comprised of::word=comprised, consisted of, was composed of::options=comprised,consisted,composed -->
<rule id="WAS_COMPRISED_OF" name="was comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>was</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>comprised</suggestion> or <suggestion>consisted of</suggestion> or <suggestion>was composed of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="comprised|consisted of|was composed of">The proposal <marker>was comprised of</marker> faulty assumptions.</example>
</rule>
<!-- were comprised of::word=comprised, were composed of::options=comprised,composed -->
<rule id="WERE_COMPRISED_OF" name="were comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>were</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>comprised</suggestion> or <suggestion>were composed of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="comprised|were composed of">The missiles <marker>were comprised of</marker> nuclear warheads.</example>
</rule>
<!-- which comprised of::word=which comprised, which consisted of, which was composed of::options=comprised,consisted,composed -->
<rule id="WHICH_COMPRISED_OF" name="which comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>which</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>which comprised</suggestion> or <suggestion>which consisted of</suggestion> or <suggestion>which was composed of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="which comprised|which consisted of|which was composed of">The ants, <marker>which comprised of</marker> the colony, were asleep.</example>
</rule>
<!-- will be comprised of::word=will be composed of, will comprise, will consist of::options=comprised,composed,comprise -->
<rule id="WILL_BE_COMPRISED_OF" name="will be comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>will</token>
<token>be</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>will be composed of</suggestion> or <suggestion>will comprise</suggestion> or <suggestion>will consist of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="will be composed of|will comprise|will consist of">The album <marker>will be comprised of</marker> synthetic sounds.</example>
</rule>
<!-- will comprise of::word=will be composed of, will comprise, will consist of::options=comprise,composed,comprise,consist -->
<rule id="WILL_COMPRISE_OF" name="will comprise of">
<pattern>
<token>will</token>
<token>comprise</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>will be composed of</suggestion> or <suggestion>will comprise</suggestion> or <suggestion>will consist of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="will be composed of|will comprise|will consist of">The ants <marker>will comprise of</marker> the colony.</example>
</rule>
<!-- would comprise of::word=would comprise, would consist of::options=comprise,consist -->
<rule id="WOULD_COMPRISE_OF" name="would comprise of">
<pattern>
<token>would</token>
<token>comprise</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>would comprise</suggestion> or <suggestion>would consist of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="would comprise|would consist of">The ants <marker>would comprise of</marker> the colony.</example>
</rule>
<!-- government comprised of::word=government composed of, government consisting of::options=comprised,composed,consisting -->
<rule id="GOVERNMENT_COMPRISED_OF" name="government comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>government</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>government composed of</suggestion> or <suggestion>government consisting of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="government composed of|government consisting of">Theirs was a <marker>government comprised of</marker> warring factions.</example>
</rule>
<!-- is comprised mostly of::word=comprises mostly, consists mostly of, is composed mostly of::options=comprised,comprises,consists,composed::pivots=comprised mostly of,comprises mostly,consists mostly of,composed mostly of -->
<rule id="IS_COMPRISED_MOSTLY_OF" name="is comprised mostly of">
<pattern>
<token>is</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>mostly</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>comprises mostly</suggestion> or <suggestion>consists mostly of</suggestion> or <suggestion>is composed mostly of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="comprises mostly|consists mostly of|is composed mostly of">The government <marker>is comprised mostly of</marker> idiots.</example>
</rule>
<!-- is comprised of::word=comprises, consists of, is composed of::options=comprised,comprises,consists,composed::pivots=comprised of,comprises,consists of,composed of -->
<rule id="IS_COMPRISED_OF" name="is comprised of">
<pattern>
<token>is</token>
<token>comprised</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>comprises</suggestion> or <suggestion>consists of</suggestion> or <suggestion>is composed of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="comprises|consists of|is composed of">The government <marker>is comprised of</marker> idiots.</example>
<example>The government consists of great guys.</example>
</rule>
<!-- writing|political|science|cultural|grammatical gaffs::word=\0 gaffes::pivots=gaffs,gaffes -->
<rule id="WRITINGPOLITICALSCIENCE_GAFFS" name="political gaffs (gaffes)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">writing|political|science|cultural|grammatical</token>
<token>gaffs</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> gaffes</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="political gaffes">There were some serious <marker>political gaffs</marker> committed that day.</example>
</rule>
<!-- writing|political|science|cultural|grammatical gaff::word=\0 gaffe::pivots=gaff,gaffe -->
<rule id="WRITINGPOLITICALSCIENCE_GAFF" name="political gaff (gaffe)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">writing|political|science|cultural|grammatical</token>
<token>gaff</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> gaffe</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="cultural gaffe">His novel was a huge <marker>cultural gaff</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- were .*/MD::word=where \1::pivots=were,where::filter=none::options=were,where -->
<rule id="WERE_MD" name="were MD">
<pattern>
<token>were</token>
<token postag="MD"><exception postag="MD" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>where <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Where could"><marker>Were could</marker> we sleep tonight?</example>
</rule>
<!-- other then::word=other than::pivots=then,than -->
<rule id="OTHER_THEN" name="other then (other than)">
<pattern>
<token>other</token>
<token>then</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>other than</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="other than">There was no one <marker>other then</marker> us at the campsite.</example>
</rule>
<!-- was aloud::word=was allowed::pivots=aloud,allowed::options=aloud,allowed -->
<rule id="WAS_ALOUD" name="was aloud (allowed)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">was|were</token>
<token>aloud</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 allowed</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="was allowed">No dancing <marker>was aloud</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- eluded to::word=alluded to::pivots=eluded,alluded::options=eluded,alluded -->
<rule id="ELUDED_TO" name="eluded to (alluded to)">
<pattern>
<token>eluded</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>alluded to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="alluded to">He <marker>eluded to</marker> to engagement at the party.</example>
</rule>
<!-- baited breath::word=bated breath::pivots=baited,bated::options=baited,bated -->
<rule id="BAITED_BREATH" name="baited (bated) breath">
<pattern>
<token>baited</token>
<token>breath</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>bated breath</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="bated breath">We are waiting with <marker>baited breath</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- bare in mind::word=bear in mind::pivots=bare,bear::options=bare,bear -->
<rule id="BARE_IN_MIND" name="bare (bear) in mind">
<pattern>
<token>bare</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>mind</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>bear in mind</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Bear in mind"><marker>Bare in mind</marker> that we're alone.</example>
</rule>
<!-- playoff birth::word=playoff berth::pivots=birth,berth::options=birth,berth -->
<rule id="PLAYOFF_BIRTH" name="playoff birth (berth)">
<pattern>
<token>playoff</token>
<token>birth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>playoff berth</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="playoff berth">The Patriots failed to earn a <marker>playoff birth</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- disc break::word=disc brake::pivots=break,brake::options=break,brake -->
<rule id="DISC_BREAK" name="disc break (brakes)">
<pattern>
<token>disc</token>
<token>break</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>disc brake</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="disc brake">The rear wheels are <marker>disc break</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- hit the breaks::word=hit the brakes::pivots=breaks,brakes::options=breaks,brakes -->
<rule id="HIT_THE_BREAKS" name="hit the breaks (brakes)">
<pattern>
<token>hit</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>breaks</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hit the brakes</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="hit the brakes">Charlie forgot to <marker>hit the breaks</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- spinal chord::word=spinal cord::pivots=chord,cord::options=chord,cord -->
<rule id="SPINAL_CHORD" name="spinal chord (cord)">
<pattern>
<token>spinal</token>
<token>chord</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>spinal cord</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="spinal cord">There was permanent injury to the <marker>spinal chord</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- full compliment of::word=full complement of::pivots=compliment,complement::options=compliment,complement -->
<rule id="FULL_COMPLIMENT_OF" name="full compliment (complement) of">
<pattern>
<token>full</token>
<token>compliment</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>full complement of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="full complement of">He had the <marker>full compliment of</marker> good qualities.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in edition to::word=in addition to::pivots=edition,addition::options=edition,addition -->
<rule id="IN_EDITION_TO" name="in edition (addition) to">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>edition</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in addition to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="In addition to"><marker>In edition to</marker> failing, he embarrassed himself.</example>
<example>And in addition to the belt, he had a chartreuse cap.</example>
</rule>
<!-- faired as well::word=fared as well::pivots=faired,fared::options=faired,fared -->
<rule id="FAIRED_AS_WELL" name="faired (fared) as well">
<pattern>
<token>faired</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>well</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fared as well</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="fared as well">He <marker>faired as well</marker> as could be expected.</example>
</rule>
<!-- faired badly::word=fared badly::pivots=faired,fared::options=faired,fared -->
<rule id="FAIRED_BADLY" name="faired (fared) badly">
<pattern>
<token>faired</token>
<token regexp="yes">badly|better|far|less|little|much|poorly|quite|rather|slightly|somewhat|well|worse</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fared <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="fared badly">It was a pity that the Jets <marker>faired badly</marker>.</example>
<example>It was a pity that the Mets fared rather well.</example>
</rule>
<!-- and so fourth::word=and so forth::pivots=fourth,forth::options=fourth,forth -->
<rule id="AND_SO_FOURTH" name="and so fourth (forth)">
<pattern>
<token>and</token>
<token>so</token>
<token>fourth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>and so forth</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="and so forth">And so on <marker>and so fourth</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- put fourth the|a|an::word=put forth \2::pivots=fourth,forth::options=fourth,forth -->
<rule id="PUT_FOURTH_THEAAN" name="put fourth (forth) the">
<pattern>
<token>put</token>
<token>fourth</token>
<token regexp="yes">the|a|an</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>put forth <match no="3"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="put forth the">He <marker>put fourth the</marker> proposal.</example>
</rule>
<!-- forth place::word=fourth place::pivots=forth,fourth::options=forth,fourth -->
<rule id="FORTH_PLACE" name="forth (fourth) place">
<pattern>
<token>forth</token>
<token>place</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fourth place</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="fourth place">The runner finished in <marker>forth place</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- door jam::word=door jamb::pivots=jam,jamb::options=jam,jamb -->
<rule id="DOOR_JAM" name="door jam (jamb)">
<pattern>
<token>door</token>
<token>jam</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>door jamb</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="door jamb">There were scratches all along the <marker>door jam</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- less dollars|minutes|hours|seconds|calories::word=fewer \1::pivots=less,fewer::options=less,fewer -->
<rule id="LESS_DOLLARSMINUTESHOURS" name="less (fewer) dollars">
<pattern>
<token>less</token>
<token regexp="yes">dollars|minutes|hours|seconds|calories</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fewer <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="fewer hours">There were <marker>less hours</marker> to devote to work that day.</example>
<example>There were fewer dollars in the coffer that weekend.</example>
</rule>
<!-- fewer &uncountable::word=less \1::pivots=fewer,less::options=less,fewer -->
<rule id="FEWER_UNCOUNTABLE" name="fewer (less) uncountable">
<pattern>
<token>fewer</token>
<token regexp="yes">accommodation|advice|access|baggage|bread|equipment|garbage|luggage|money|cattle|knowledge|sand|furniture|meat|food|news|pasta|progress|research|water|freedom|maturity|intelligence|travel|pollution|traffic</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>less <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="less advice">He gave his enemies <marker>fewer advice</marker> than he gave his friends.</example>
<example>They made less progress towards their goal.</example>
</rule>
<!-- am loathe to::word=am loath to::pivots=loathe,loath::options=loathe,loath -->
<rule id="AM_LOATHE_TO" name="am loathe (loath) to">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">am|are|be|is|was|were</token>
<token>loathe</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> loath to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="am loath to">I <marker>am loathe to</marker> continue this conversation.</example>
</rule>
<!-- loosing effort|record|season|streak|team|the|to::word=losing \1::pivots=loosing,losing::options=loosing,losing -->
<rule id="LOOSING_EFFORTRECORDSEASON" name="loosing (losing) effort">
<pattern>
<token>loosing</token>
<token regexp="yes">effort|record|season|streak|team|the|to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>losing <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="losing season">The Yankees never had a <marker>loosing season</marker>.</example>
<example>It was a terrible losing record.</example>
</rule>
<!-- mute point::word=moot point::pivots=mute,moot::options=mute,moot -->
<rule id="MUTE_POINT" name="mute (moot) point">
<pattern>
<token>mute</token>
<token>point</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>moot point</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="moot point">It was a <marker>mute point</marker>, so we ignored it.</example>
<example>I believe that statement is largely a moot point.</example>
</rule>
<!-- peak his interest::word=pique his interest::pivots=peak,pique::options=peak,pique -->
<rule id="PEAK_HIS_INTEREST" name="peak (pique) his interest">
<pattern>
<token>peak</token>
<token regexp="yes">his|her</token>
<token regexp="yes">interest|interests</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>pique \2 \3</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="pique his interest">The mere mention of Luxembourg was enough to <marker>peak his interest</marker>.</example>
<example>The dance music failed to pique his interest.</example>
</rule>
<!-- most populace::word=most populous::pivots=populace,populous::options=populace,populous -->
<rule id="MOST_POPULACE" name="most populace (populous)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">most|least</token>
<token>populace</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> populous</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="most populous">Chicago was the <marker>most populace</marker> city.</example>
<example>California is the most populous state.</example>
</rule>
<!-- at the reigns::word=at the reins::pivots=reigns,reins::options=reigns,reins -->
<rule id="AT_THE_REIGNS" name="at the reigns (reins)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">at|hand|held|hold|holding|holds</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>reigns</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> the reins</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="held the reins">The coachman <marker>held the reigns</marker> with expertise.</example>
<example>The CEO holds the reins with authority.</example>
</rule>
<!-- managerial reigns::word=managerial reins::pivots=reigns,reins::options=reigns,reins -->
<rule id="MANAGERIAL_REIGNS" name="managerial reigns (reins)">
<pattern>
<token>managerial</token>
<token>reigns</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>managerial reins</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="managerial reins">He handed over the <marker>managerial reigns</marker> of the project to the junior member.</example>
<example>He held the managerial reins throughout the project's lifespan.</example>
</rule>
<!-- reigns of power::word=reins of power::pivots=reigns,reins::options=reigns,reins -->
<rule id="REIGNS_OF_POWER" name="reigns (reins) of power">
<pattern>
<token>reigns</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>power</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>reins of power</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="reins of power">Idi Amin held the <marker>reigns of power</marker> for far too long.</example>
<example>Napoleon had such a firm grasp on the reins of power.</example>
</rule>
<!-- take the reigns::word=take the reins::pivots=reigns,reins::options=reigns,reins -->
<rule id="TAKE_THE_REIGNS" name="take the reigns (reins)">
<pattern>
<token>take</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>reigns</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>take the reins</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Take the reins"><marker>Take the reigns</marker> cried the bandit.</example>
<example>Take the reins! cried the bandit.</example>
</rule>
<!-- free reign::word=free rein::pivots=reign,rein::options=reign,rein -->
<rule id="FREE_REIGN" name="free reign (rein)">
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNP"/>
<token postag="NNP"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>free</token>
<token>reign</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>free rein</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="free rein">The famous actor was given <marker>free reign</marker> over the city.</example>
<example>The famous actor was given <marker>free rein</marker> over the city.</example>
<example><marker>Free Reign Entertainment</marker> (www.freereign.net) supplies video games.</example>
</rule>
<!-- lead roll::word=lead role::pivots=roll,role::options=roll,role -->
<rule id="LEAD_ROLL" name="lead roll (role)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">lead|leading|major|minor|starring|significant|large|small</token>
<token>roll</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 role</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lead role">She accepted the <marker>lead roll</marker> in the prestigious play.</example>
</rule>
<!-- roll player::word=role player::pivots=roll,role::options=roll,role -->
<rule id="ROLL_PLAYER" name="roll player (role player)">
<pattern>
<token>roll</token>
<token>player</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>role player</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="role player">Eddie House was mainly a <marker>roll player</marker> in the Celtics' championship run.</example>
<example>Darko would be relegated to a mere role player during his last seasons.</example>
</rule>
<!-- role call::word=roll call::pivots=role,roll::options=role,roll -->
<rule id="ROLE_CALL" name="role (roll) call">
<pattern>
<token>role</token>
<token>call</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>roll call</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="roll call">The colonel always forgot to take <marker>role call</marker>.</example>
<example>The opponents' names were messed up during roll call.</example>
</rule>
<!-- construction sight::word=construction site::pivots=sight,site::options=sight,site -->
<rule id="CONSTRUCTION_SIGHT" name="construction sight (site)">
<pattern>
<token>construction</token>
<token>sight</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>construction site</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="construction site">We didn't visit the <marker>construction sight</marker> until Wednesday.</example>
<example>We didn't visit the construction site until it was almost finished.</example>
</rule>
<!-- out of sink::word=out of sync::pivots=sink,sync::options=sink,sync -->
<rule id="OUT_OF_SINK" name="out of sink (sync)">
<pattern>
<token>out</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>sink</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>out of sync</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="out of sync">The teammates were so badly <marker>out of sink</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- different tact::word=different tack::pivots=tact,tack::options=tact,tack -->
<rule id="DIFFERENT_TACT" name="different tact (tack)">
<pattern>
<token>different</token>
<token>tact</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>different tack</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="different tack">We'll have to try a <marker>different tact</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/IN .*/PRP then .*/IN .*/PRP::word=\0 \1 than \3 \4::pivots=then,than::options=then,than -->
<rule id="IN_PRP_THEN_IN_PRP" name="IN PRP then (than) IN PRP">
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"><exception postag="IN" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="PRP|NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="PRP|NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>then</token>
<token postag="IN"><exception postag="IN" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="PRP|NN(:UN?)?|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="PRP|NN(:UN?)?|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> than <match no="4"/> <match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<!-- can't write good examples for this... maybe that means it's not a good rule-->
<example correction="between him than between she">I'd rather be <marker>between him then between she</marker>.</example>
<example>I'd rather be between him than between her.</example>
</rule>
<!-- &comparisons then::word=\0 than::pivots=then,than::options=then,than -->
<rule id="COMPARISONS_THEN" name="comparisons then (than)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">hotter|colder|lamer|lesser|greater|heavier|lighter|better|worse|smarter|dumber|cheaper|sexier|taller|shorter|faster|slower|older|younger|easier|harder|farther|closer|higher|lower|larger|smaller|sooner|later|weaker|stronger|louder|quieter|darker|brighter</token>
<token>then</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> than</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="hotter than">It was <marker>hotter then</marker> it'd ever been.</example>
</rule>
<!-- &comparisons .*/NNS then::word=\0 \1 than::pivots=then,than::options=then,than -->
<rule id="COMPARISONS_NNS_THEN" name="comparisons NNS then (than)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">hotter|colder|lamer|less|lesser|more|greater|heavier|lighter|better|worse|smarter|dumber|cheaper|sexier|taller|shorter|faster|slower|older|younger|easier|harder|farther|closer|higher|lower|larger|smaller|sooner|later|weaker|stronger|louder|quieter|darker|brighter</token>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NNS" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>then</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> than</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="better companies than">There were <marker>better companies then</marker> GE and Google.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COMPARISONS_AS_ADJECTIVE_AS" name="comparison 'as ... as' (no comparative/superlative)">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ." postag_regexp="yes"/>
</marker>
<token>as</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" postag="JJ"/></suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/as-as</url>
<example correction="good">We must do our job as <marker>best</marker> as we can.</example>
<example>She’s not singing as loudly as she can.</example>
</rule>
<!-- to .* then by::word=\0 \1 than \3::pivots=then,than::options=then,than -->
<rule id="TO__THEN_BY" name="to blank then (than) by">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token/>
<token>then</token>
<token>by</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> than <match no="4"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to play than by">I'd rather go <marker>to play then by</marker> the market.</example>
</rule>
<!-- waived off::word=waved off::pivots=waived,waved::options=waived,waved -->
<rule id="WAIVED_OFF" name="waived (waved) off">
<pattern>
<token>waived</token>
<token>off</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>waved off</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="waved off">The offsides call was <marker>waived off</marker> by the referee.</example>
<example>The offsides wall was waved off by the referee.</example>
</rule>
<!-- wreck havoc::word=wreak havoc::pivots=wreck,wreak::options=wreck,wreak -->
<rule id="WRECK_HAVOC" name="wreck (wreak) havoc">
<pattern>
<token>wreck</token>
<token>havoc</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wreak havoc</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="wreak havoc">The hurricane would go on to <marker>wreck havoc</marker> up and down the coast.</example>
</rule>
<!-- about who to::word=about whom to::pivots=who,whom::options=who,whom -->
<rule id="ABOUT_WHO_TO" name="about who (whom) to">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">about|of|over</token>
<token>who</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> whom to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="about whom to">What do you think <marker>about who to</marker> promote?</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/VBG you're::word=\0 your::pivots=you're,your::options=you're,your -->
<rule id="VBG_YOURE" name="VBG you're (your)">
<pattern>
<token postag="VBG"><exception postag="VBG" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>you</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> your</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="visualizing your">Stop <marker>visualizing you're</marker> own demise.</example>
</rule>
<!-- that's|it's|who's|he's|she's|there's you're::word=\0 your::pivots=your,you're::options=your,you're -->
<rule id="THATS_YOURE" name="that's you're (your)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">that|it|who|he|she|there</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token>you</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/><match no="2"/><match no="3"/> your</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="that's your">Don't ask me, <marker>that's you're</marker> own problem.</example>
</rule>
<!-- that's|it's|who's|he's|she's|there's they're::word=\0 their::pivots=they're,their::options=their,they're -->
<rule id="THATS_THEYRE" name="that's they're (their)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">that|it|who|he|she|there</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/><match no="2"/><match no="3"/> their</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="That's their"><marker>That's they're</marker> fault.</example>
<example>Who's their advisor this year?</example>
</rule>
<!-- that's|it's|who's|he's|she's|there's it's::word=\0 its::pivots=it's,its::options=it's,its -->
<rule id="THATS_ITS" name="that's its (possessive)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">that|it|who|he|she|there</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/><match no="2"/><match no="3"/> its</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="He's its"><marker>He's it's</marker> primary caretaker.</example>
</rule>
<!-- you're .*/JJS .*/NN::word=your \1 \2::pivots=you're,your::options=your,you're -->
<rule id="YOURE_JJS_NN" name="you're (your) JJS NN">
<pattern>
<token>you</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token postag="JJS"><exception postag="JJS" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>your <match no="4"/> <match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="your greenest banana">I'd like to buy <marker>you're greenest banana</marker> please.</example>
</rule>
<!-- they're .*/JJS .*/NN::word=their \1 \2::pivots=they're,their::options=their,they're -->
<rule id="THEYRE_JJS_NN" name="they're (their) JJS NN">
<pattern>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token postag="JJS"><exception postag="JJS" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>their <match no="4"/> <match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="their oddest hypothesis">It was <marker>they're oddest hypothesis</marker> yet.</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/VBZ .*/IN|DT they're .*/NNP|NN|NNS::word=\0 \1 their \3::pivots=they're,their::options=they're,their -->
<rule id="VBZ_IN_THEYRE_NN" name="VBZ IN they're (their) NN">
<pattern>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception postag="VBZ" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="IN|DT" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="IN|DT" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token postag="NNP|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> their <match no="6"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="disparages of their company">What kind of person <marker>disparages of they're company</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/IN .*/VBZ they're .*/NNP|NN|NNS::word=\0 \1 their \3::pivots=they're,their::options=they're,their -->
<rule id="IN_VBZ_THEYRE_NN" name="IN VBZ they're (their) NN">
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"><exception postag="IN" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception postag="VBZ" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token postag="NNP|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> their <match no="6"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="of is their happiness">The only thing we think <marker>of is they're happiness</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/DT .*/VBZ they're .*/NNP|NN|NNS::word=\0 \1 their \3::pivots=they're,their::options=they're,their -->
<rule id="DT_VBZ_THEYRE_NN" name="DT VBZ they're (their) NN">
<pattern>
<token postag="DT"><exception postag="DT" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception postag="VBZ" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token postag="NNP|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP|NN|NN:UN?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> their <match no="6"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="another is their boyfriend">And if <marker>another is they're boyfriend</marker>, I will be angry.</example>
</rule>
<!-- need|going|have|ought to .*/VBG::word=\0 \1 \2:base::pivots=\2,\2:base -->
<rule id="NEED_TO_VBG" name="need to VBG (VB)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">need|going|have|ought</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VBG"><exception postag="VBG" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> <match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="going to hypothesize">We're <marker>going to hypothesizing</marker> about the origins of man.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ILL_I_LL" name="Ill (I'll)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<marker>
<token>Ill<exception scope="previous" postag_regexp="yes" postag="DT|TO"/><exception scope="previous" inflected="yes">be</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB|RB"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>I'll</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="I'll"><marker>Ill</marker> explain!</example>
<example>I'll never do this again!</example>
<example>Ill news comes apace.</example>
</rule>
<!-- laid ahead::word=lay ahead::pivots=laid,lay::options=laid,lay -->
<rule id="LAID_AHEAD" name="laid (lay) ahead">
<pattern>
<token>laid</token>
<token>ahead</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lay ahead</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lay ahead">We never knew what <marker>laid ahead</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- lay around::word=lie around::pivots=lay,lie::options=lay,lie -->
<rule id="LAY_AROUND" name="lay (lie) around">
<pattern>
<token>lay</token>
<token regexp="yes">around|low</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lie <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lie around">All he did Sunday was <marker>lay around</marker> the house.</example>
</rule>
<!-- laying around::word=lying around::pivots=laying,lying::options=laying,lying -->
<rule id="LAYING_AROUND" name="laying (lying) around">
<pattern>
<token>laying</token>
<token regexp="yes">around|low</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lying <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lying low">He had a special talent for <marker>laying low</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- lays atop::word=lies atop::pivots=lays,lies::options=lays,lies -->
<rule id="LAYS_ATOP" name="lays (lies) atop">
<pattern>
<token>lays</token>
<token regexp="yes">atop|beside|low|near|on</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lies <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lies on">The text explains how important it is that the chicken <marker>lays on</marker> the noodles artfully.</example>
</rule>
<!-- was lain::word=was laid::pivots=lain,laid::options=lain,laid -->
<rule id="WAS_LAIN" name="was lain (laid)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">was|were</token>
<token>lain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 laid</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="was laid">The body <marker>was lain</marker> beside his wife in the cemetery.</example>
<example>His body was laid beside his wife in the cemetery.</example>
</rule>
<!-- Jimmy Buffet::word=Jimmy Buffett::pivots=Buffet,Buffett -->
<rule id="JIMMY_BUFFET" name="Jimmy Buffet (Buffett)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Jimmy</token>
<token>Buffet</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Jimmy Buffett</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Jimmy Buffett"><marker>Jimmy Buffet</marker> sang at the Arco Arena.</example>
<example>Jimmy Buffett sang at Arco Arena.</example>
</rule>
<!-- Jimmy Hendrix::word=Jimi Hendrix::pivots=Jimmy,Jimi -->
<rule id="JIMMY_HENDRIX" name="Jimmy (Jimi) Hendrix">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Jimmy</token>
<token>Hendrix</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Jimi Hendrix</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Jimi Hendrix">Some argue that <marker>Jimmy Hendrix</marker> was the best guitarist who ever lived.</example>
<example>Some argue that Jimi Hendrix was the best ever.</example>
</rule>
<!-- Phillips Arena::word=Philips Arena::pivots=Phillips,Philips::options=Phillips,Philips -->
<rule id="PHILLIPS_ARENA" name="Phillips (Philips) Arena">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Phillips</token>
<token>Arena</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Philips Arena</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Philips Arena">The team played at <marker>Phillips Arena</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- jive with::word=jibe with::pivots=jive,jibe -->
<rule id="JIVE_WITH" name="jive (jibe) with">
<pattern>
<token>jive</token>
<token>with</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>jibe with</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="jibe with">That doesn't <marker>jive with</marker> my mental outlook.</example>
</rule>
<!-- mash potatoes::word=mashed potatoes::pivots=mash,mashed::options=mash,mashed -->
<rule id="MASH_POTATOES" name="mash (mashed) potatoes">
<pattern>
<token>mash</token>
<token>potatoes</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>mashed potatoes</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="mashed potatoes">His favorite food is <marker>mash potatoes</marker> and gravy.</example>
</rule>
<!-- is renown for::word=is renowned for::pivots=renown,renowned::options=renown,renowned -->
<rule id="IS_RENOWN_FOR" name="is renown (renowned) for">
<pattern>
<token>is</token>
<token>renown</token>
<token>for</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>is renowned for</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="is renowned for">Brown <marker>is renown for</marker> its annoying undergraduates.</example>
</rule>
<!-- brew haha::word=brouhaha -->
<rule id="BREW_HAHA" name="brew haha (brouhaha)">
<pattern>
<token>brew</token>
<token>haha</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>brouhaha</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="brouhaha">What's all the <marker>brew haha</marker> about over there?</example>
</rule>
<!-- working progress::word=work in progress -->
<rule id="WORKING_PROGRESS" name="working (work in) progress">
<pattern>
<token>working</token>
<token>progress</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>work in progress</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="work in progress">His symphony was a <marker>working progress</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- historic record::word=historical record::pivots=historic,historical -->
<rule id="HISTORIC_RECORD" name="historic (historical) record">
<pattern>
<token>historic</token>
<token>record</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>historical record</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="historical record">The policy was strictly a matter of <marker>historic record</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- guest stared::word=guest-starred -->
<rule id="GUEST_STARED" name="guest stared (guest-starred)">
<pattern>
<token>guest</token>
<token>stared</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>guest-starred</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="guest-starred">Alan Alda never <marker>guest stared</marker> in another episode.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in titled::word=entitled -->
<rule id="IN_TITLED" name="in titled (entitled)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>titled</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>entitled</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="entitled">The children felt <marker>in titled</marker> to their expensive education.</example>
</rule>
<!-- is contained of::word=contains -->
<rule id="IS_CONTAINED_OF" name="is contained of (contains)">
<pattern>
<token>is</token>
<token>contained</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>contains</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="contains">The beer <marker>is contained of</marker> hops and water.</example>
</rule>
<!-- after been::word=after being::pivots=been,being -->
<rule id="AFTER_BEEN" name="after been (being)">
<pattern>
<token>after</token>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>after being</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="After being"><marker>After been</marker> assaulted, the man was often wary.</example>
</rule>
<!-- imminent domain::word=eminent domain::pivots=imminent,eminent -->
<rule id="IMMINENT_DOMAIN" name="imminent (eminent) domain">
<pattern>
<token>imminent</token>
<token>domain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>eminent domain</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="eminent domain">Their house was claimed due to <marker>imminent domain</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- chomping at the bit::word=champing at the bit::pivots=chomping,champing -->
<rule id="CHOMPING_AT_THE_BIT" name="chomping (champing) at the bit">
<pattern>
<token>chomping</token>
<token>at</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>bit</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>champing at the bit</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="champing at the bit">The horses were all <marker>chomping at the bit</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- constellation prize::word=consolation prize::pivots=constellation,consolation -->
<rule id="CONSTELLATION_PRIZE" name="constellation (consolation) prize">
<pattern>
<token>constellation</token>
<token>prize</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>consolation prize</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="consolation prize">The team was so upset, they didn't even claim their <marker>constellation prize</marker>.</example>
<example>The consolation prize was a trip to the Bahamas.</example>
</rule>
<!-- constitutes of::word=consists of::pivots=constitutes,consists -->
<rule id="CONSTITUTES_OF" name="constitutes (consists) of">
<pattern>
<token>constitutes</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>consists of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="consists of">The city <marker>constitutes of</marker> five boroughs.</example>
</rule>
<!-- could care less::word=couldn't care less::pivots=could,couldn't -->
<rule id="COULD_CARE_LESS" name="could (couldn't) care less">
<pattern>
<token>could</token>
<token>care</token>
<token>less</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>couldn't care less</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="couldn't care less">The man on the street said he <marker>could care less</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- could give a damn::word=couldn't give a damn::filter=none -->
<rule id="COULD_GIVE_A_DAMN" name="could (couldn't) give a damn">
<pattern>
<token>could</token>
<token>give</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>damn</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>couldn't give a damn</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="couldn't give a damn">Frankly, my dear, I <marker>could give a damn</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- daily regiment::word=daily regimen::pivots=regiment,regimen -->
<rule id="DAILY_REGIMENT" name="daily regiment (regimen)">
<pattern>
<token>daily</token>
<token>regiment</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>daily regimen</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="daily regimen">They had a strict <marker>daily regiment</marker> of calisthenics.</example>
</rule>
<!-- de factor::word=de facto::pivots=factor,facto -->
<rule id="DE_FACTOR" name="de factor (facto)">
<pattern>
<token>de</token>
<token>factor</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>de facto</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="de facto">There was a <marker>de factor</marker> ban on cigarettes.</example>
</rule>
<!-- worse-case scenario::word=worst-case scenario::pivots=worse-case,worst-case -->
<rule id="WORSE-CASE_SCENARIO" name="worse-case (worst-case) scenario">
<pattern>
<token>worse-case</token>
<token>scenario</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>worst-case scenario</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="worst-case scenario">They always prepared for the <marker>worse-case scenario</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- worst comes to worst::word=worse comes to worst::pivots=worse-case,worst-case -->
<rule id="WORST_COMES_TO_WORST" name="worst (worse) comes to worst">
<pattern>
<token>worst</token>
<token>comes</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>worst</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>worse comes to worst</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="worse comes to worst">If <marker>worst comes to worst</marker>, we'll just move.</example>
</rule>
<!-- to bath::word=to bathe::pivots=bath,bathe -->
<rule id="TO_BATH" name="to bath (bathe)">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>bath</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to bathe</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to bathe">It's so relaxing <marker>to bath</marker> in the evening.</example>
</rule>
<!-- treasure trough::word=treasure trove::pivots=trough,trove -->
<rule id="TREASURE_TROUGH" name="treasure trough (trove)">
<pattern>
<token>treasure</token>
<token>trough</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>treasure trove</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="treasure trove">In the wreckage they found a <marker>treasure trough</marker> of doubloons.</example>
<example>It was a treasure trove of ideas.</example>
</rule>
<!-- ad nauseum::word=ad nauseam::filter=none -->
<rule id="AD_NAUSEUM" name="ad nauseum (nauseam)">
<pattern>
<token>ad</token>
<token>nauseum</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>ad nauseam</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="ad nauseam">The song was playing <marker>ad nauseum</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- Noble Prize::word=Nobel Prize::filter=none -->
<rule id="NOBLE_PRIZE" name="Noble (Nobel) Prize">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Noble</token>
<token>Prize</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Nobel Prize</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Nobel Prize">He was awarded the <marker>Noble Prize</marker> in literature.</example>
<example>He was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics.</example>
</rule>
<!-- land lover::word=landlubber::filter=none -->
<rule id="LAND_LOVER" name="land lover (landlubber)">
<pattern>
<token>land</token>
<token>lover</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>landlubber</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="landlubber">The sailors considered John to be a serious <marker>land lover</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- strike a cord::word=strike a chord::filter=none -->
<rule id="STRIKE_A_CORD" name="strike a cord (chord)">
<pattern>
<token>strike</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>cord</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>strike a chord</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="strike a chord">Her comment happened to <marker>strike a cord</marker> with the colonel.</example>
</rule>
<!-- safety deposit box::word=safe deposit box::filter=none -->
<rule id="SAFETY_DEPOSIT_BOX" name="safety (safe) deposit box">
<pattern>
<token>safety</token>
<token>deposit</token>
<token>box</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>safe deposit box</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="safe deposit box">He inherited his grandfather's <marker>safety deposit box</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- statue of limitations::word=statute of limitations::filter=none -->
<rule id="STATUE_OF_LIMITATIONS" name="statue (statute) of limitations">
<pattern>
<token>statue</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>limitations</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>statute of limitations</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="statute of limitations">Luckily, his crime wasn't covered by the <marker>statue of limitations</marker>.</example>
<example>He was one year away from the statute of limitations.</example>
</rule>
<!-- all the farther::word=as far as::filter=none -->
<rule id="ALL_THE_FARTHER" name="all the farther (as far as)">
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>farther</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>as far as</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="as far as">The town was <marker>all the farther</marker> than the border.</example>
<example>The town was as far as the border.</example>
</rule>
<!-- discussions around::word=\0 about::pivots=around, about -->
<rule id="DISCUSSIONS_AROUND" name="discussions around (about)">
<pattern>
<token>discussions</token>
<token>around</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> about</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="discussions about">They had many <marker>discussions around</marker> politics.</example>
</rule>
<!-- as time progressed::word=as time passed::filter=none -->
<rule id="AS_TIME_PROGRESSED" name="as time progressed (passed)">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>time</token>
<token>progressed</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>as time passed</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="As time passed"><marker>As time progressed</marker>, the sisters got wiser.</example>
</rule>
<!-- as follow::word=as follows::filter=none -->
<rule id="AS_FOLLOW" name="as follow (follows)">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>follow</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>as follows</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="as follows">The main points are <marker>as follow</marker>:</example>
</rule>
<!-- beyond the pail::word=beyond the pale::filter=none -->
<rule id="BEYOND_THE_PAIL" name="beyond the pail (pale)">
<pattern>
<token>beyond</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>pail</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>beyond the pale</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="beyond the pale">His behavior was <marker>beyond the pail</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- beckon call::word=beck and call::filter=none -->
<rule id="BECKON_CALL" name="beckon (beck and) call">
<pattern>
<token>beckon</token>
<token>call</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>beck and call</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="beck and call">Don't expect me to be at your <marker>beckon call</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- begs belief::word=beggars belief::filter=none -->
<rule id="BEGS_BELIEF" name="begs (beggars) belief">
<pattern>
<token>begs</token>
<token>belief</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>beggars belief</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="beggars belief">It <marker>begs belief</marker> that corporate policies can always pursue the best interests of a company.</example>
</rule>
<!-- buttload::word=boatload::filter=none -->
<rule id="BUTTLOAD" name="buttload (boatload)">
<pattern>
<token>buttload</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>boatload</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="boatload">There was a <marker>buttload</marker> of cabbage left over.</example>
<example>There was a boatload of sprouts left over.</example>
</rule>
<!-- brussel sprout::word=brussels sprout::filter=none -->
<rule id="BRUSSEL_SPROUT" name="brussel (brussels) sprout">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">brussell?|brussells</token>
<token>sprout</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>brussels sprout</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="brussels sprout">He left the last <marker>brussel sprout</marker> on his plate.</example>
</rule>
<!-- bored of::word=bored with::filter=none -->
<rule id="BORED_OF" name="bored of (with)">
<pattern>
<token>bored</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>bored with</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="bored with">I always get <marker>bored of</marker> people who talk about themselves.</example>
</rule>
<!-- build off of::word=build on::filter=none -->
<rule id="BUILD_OFF_OF" name="build off of (build on)">
<pattern>
<token>build</token>
<token>off</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>build on</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="build on">Arcade Fire tried to <marker>build off of</marker> the success of their first album.</example>
</rule>
<!-- trite and true::word=tried and true::filter=none -->
<rule id="TRITE_AND_TRUE" name="trite (tried) and true">
<pattern>
<token>trite</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>true</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>tried and true</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="tried and true">It was a <marker>trite and true</marker> solution.</example>
</rule>
<!-- between you and I::word=between you and me::filter=none -->
<rule id="BETWEEN_YOU_AND_I" name="between you and I (me)">
<pattern>
<token>between</token>
<token>you</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>I</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>between you and me</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Between you and me"><marker>Between you and I</marker>, there's no hope of survival.</example>
<example>Between you and me, there's no hope of cake tomorrow.</example>
</rule>
<!-- every since::word=ever since::filter=none -->
<rule id="EVERY_SINCE" name="every (ever) since">
<pattern>
<token>every</token>
<token>since</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>ever since</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="ever since">And <marker>every since</marker> the war, the people have gone to bed at eleven.</example>
<example>Ever since the turn of the century, cows have worn hats.</example>
</rule>
<!-- fowl swoop::word=fell swoop::filter=none -->
<rule id="FOWL_SWOOP" name="fowl (fell) swoop">
<pattern>
<token>fowl</token>
<token>swoop</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fell swoop</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="fell swoop">He completed the symphony in one <marker>fowl swoop</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- gardener|garden snake::word=garter snake::filter=none -->
<rule id="GARDENERGARDEN_SNAKE" name="gardener (garter) snake">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">gardener|garden</token>
<token>snake</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>garter snake</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="garter snake">We found a tiny <marker>gardener snake</marker> in the bushes.</example>
</rule>
<!-- hay day::word=heyday::filter=none -->
<rule id="HAY_DAY" name="hay day (heyday)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">hay|hey</token>
<token>day</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>heyday</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="heyday">He was never as good as he was in his <marker>hay day</marker>.</example>
<example>This was the boxer's heyday; he was fantastic.</example>
</rule>
<!-- hardly never::word=hardly ever::pivots=never,ever -->
<rule id="HARDLY_NEVER" name="hardly never (ever)">
<pattern>
<token>hardly</token>
<token>never</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hardly ever</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="hardly ever">She <marker>hardly never</marker> takes the subway.</example>
</rule>
<!-- hew and cry::word=hue and cry::filter=none -->
<rule id="HEW_AND_CRY" name="hew (hue) and cry">
<pattern>
<token>hew</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>cry</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hue and cry</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="hue and cry">There was a massive <marker>hew and cry</marker> after the beating.</example>
<example>There was a massive hue and cry after the robbery.</example>
</rule>
<!-- minus well::word=might as well::filter=none -->
<rule id="MINUS_WELL" name="minus well (might as well)">
<pattern>
<token>minus</token>
<token>well</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>might as well</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="might as well">We <marker>minus well</marker> break up.</example>
</rule>
<!-- oft chance::word=off chance::filter=none -->
<rule id="OFT_CHANCE" name="oft chance (off chance)">
<pattern>
<token>oft</token>
<token>chance</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>off chance</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="off chance">On the <marker>oft chance</marker> that you get home by nine, could you turn on the oven?</example>
<example>On the off chance you're alive, could you call me?</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the same token::word=by the same token::filter=none -->
<rule id="ON_THE_SAME_TOKEN" name="on the same token (by the same token)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>same</token>
<token>token</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>by the same token</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="By the same token"><marker>On the same token</marker>, they believe you've cheated them.</example>
<example>By the same token, they believe in faith before religion.</example>
</rule>
<!-- one of the only::word=one of the few::pivots=only,few -->
<rule id="ONE_OF_THE_ONLY" name="one of the only (few)">
<pattern>
<token>one</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>only</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>one of the few</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="one of the few">He's <marker>one of the only</marker> magicians in Providence.</example>
<example>She's one of the few musicians with an accordion.</example>
</rule>
<!-- pedal to the medal::word=pedal to the metal::filter=none -->
<rule id="PEDAL_TO_THE_MEDAL" name="pedal to the medal (metal)">
<pattern>
<token>pedal</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>medal</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>pedal to the metal</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="pedal to the metal">To get by the police car, he put the <marker>pedal to the medal</marker>.</example>
<example>To get by the cop car, he put the pedal to the metal.</example>
</rule>
<!-- pawn off::word=palm off::pivots=pawn,palm -->
<rule id="PAWN_OFF" name="pawn off (palm off)">
<pattern>
<token>pawn</token>
<token>off</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>palm off</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="palm off">Are you trying to <marker>pawn off</marker> that annoying client?</example>
</rule>
<!-- plays a factor::word=plays a role::filter=none -->
<rule id="PLAYS_A_FACTOR" name="plays a factor (plays a role)">
<pattern>
<token>plays</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>factor</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>plays a role</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="plays a role">The goalie hardly <marker>plays a factor</marker> in the endgame.</example>
</rule>
<!-- realms of possibility::word=realm of possibility::filter=none -->
<rule id="REALMS_OF_POSSIBILITY" name="realms (realm) of possibility">
<pattern>
<token>realms</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>possibility</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>realm of possibility</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="realm of possibility">That is hardly outside the <marker>realms of possibility</marker>.</example>
<example>That's hardly outside the realm of possibility.</example>
</rule>
<!-- sense of false hope|privacy|security|confidence::word=false sense of \3::filter=none -->
<rule id="SENSE_OF_FALSE_HOPEPRIVACYSECURITY" name="sense of false security (false sense of security)">
<pattern>
<token>sense</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>false</token>
<token regexp="yes">hope|privacy|security|confidence</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>false sense of <match no="4"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="false sense of security">The members of the board were holding onto a <marker>sense of false security</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- ring its neck::word=wring its neck::filter=none -->
<rule id="RING_ITS_NECK" name="ring (wring) its neck">
<pattern>
<token>ring</token>
<token>its</token>
<token>neck</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wring its neck</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="wring its neck">I'm going to <marker>ring its neck</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- right of passage::word=rite of passage::pivots=right,rite -->
<rule id="RIGHT_OF_PASSAGE" name="right (rite) of passage">
<pattern>
<token>right</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>passage</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>rite of passage</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="rite of passage">The fire-ritual was a Cherokee <marker>right of passage</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- rod|rot iron::word=wrought iron::filter=none -->
<rule id="RODROT_IRON" name="rod (wrought) iron">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">rod|rot</token>
<token>iron</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wrought iron</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="wrought iron">She specialized in art done in <marker>rod iron</marker>.</example>
<example>She specialized in wrought iron art.</example>
</rule>
<!-- souse chef::word=sous chef::filter=none -->
<rule id="SOUSE_CHEF" name="souse (sous) chef">
<pattern>
<token>souse</token>
<token>chef</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>sous chef</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="sous chef">He gave most of his responsibility to his <marker>souse chef</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- stock and trade::word=stock in trade::filter=none -->
<rule id="STOCK_AND_TRADE" name="stock and trade (stock in trade)">
<pattern>
<token>stock</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>trade</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>stock in trade</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="stock in trade">Swords and knives are their <marker>stock and trade</marker>.</example>
<example>Swords and bullion cubes are their stock in trade.</example>
</rule>
<!-- sound byte::word=sound bite::filter=none -->
<rule id="SOUND_BYTE" name="sound byte (bite)">
<pattern>
<token>sound</token>
<token>byte</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>sound bite</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="sound bite">The politician gave an awful <marker>sound byte</marker>.</example>
<example>The politician gave a great sound bite.</example>
</rule>
<!-- to the manor born::word=to the manner born::filter=none -->
<rule id="TO_THE_MANOR_BORN" name="to the manor (manner) born">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>manor</token>
<token>born</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to the manner born</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to the manner born">He played the piano as <marker>to the manor born</marker>.</example>
<example>He played flute as to the manner born.</example>
</rule>
<!-- vintage point::word=vantage point::filter=none -->
<rule id="VINTAGE_POINT" name="vintage (vantage) point">
<pattern>
<token>vintage</token>
<token>point</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>vantage point</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="vantage point">There was a great <marker>vintage point</marker> on the back side of the hill.</example>
<example>There was a great vantage point on the back of the hill.</example>
</rule>
<!-- whim and a prayer::word=wing and a prayer::filter=none -->
<rule id="WHIM_AND_A_PRAYER" name="whim (wing) and a prayer">
<pattern>
<token>whim</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>prayer</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wing and a prayer</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="wing and a prayer">The Lakers appeared to be hanging on a <marker>whim and a prayer</marker>.</example>
<example>The Lakers appeared to be hanging on a wing and a prayer.</example>
</rule>
<!-- year end and year out::word=year in and year out::filter=none -->
<rule id="YEAR_END_AND_YEAR_OUT" name="year end (in) and year out">
<pattern>
<token>year</token>
<token>end</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>year</token>
<token>out</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>year in and year out</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Year in and year out"><marker>Year end and year out</marker>, we go out to the vineyards.</example>
<example>Year in and year out, we go to the vineyards.</example>
</rule>
<!-- hand and hand::word=hand in hand::filter=none -->
<rule id="HAND_AND_HAND" name="hand and hand (hand in hand)">
<pattern>
<token>hand</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>hand</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hand in hand</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="hand in hand">The ability to talk forever goes <marker>hand and hand</marker> with being a Brown student.</example>
<example>The ability to talk about nothing important goes hand in hand with being a Brown student.</example>
</rule>
<!-- grasping for straws::word=grasping at straws::filter=none -->
<rule id="GRASPING_FOR_STRAWS" name="grasping for straws (grasping at straws)">
<pattern>
<token>grasping</token>
<token>for</token>
<token>straws</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>grasping at straws</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="grasping at straws">At that point, the desperate gentleman was simply <marker>grasping for straws</marker>.</example>
<example>At the point it's just grasping at straws.</example>
</rule>
<!-- grill cheese::word=grilled cheese::filter=none -->
<rule id="GRILL_CHEESE" name="grill (grilled) cheese">
<pattern>
<token>grill</token>
<token>cheese</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>grilled cheese</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="grilled cheese">The kid only wanted to eat <marker>grill cheese</marker> sandwiches.</example>
</rule>
<!-- might has well::word=might as well::filter=none -->
<rule id="MIGHT_HAS_WELL" name="might has (as) well">
<pattern>
<token>might</token>
<token>has</token>
<token>well</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>might as well</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="might as well">You <marker>might has well</marker> take off your shoes.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the contraire::word=au contraire, on the contrary::filter=none -->
<rule id="ON_THE_CONTRAIRE" name="on the contraire (au contraire)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>contraire</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>au contraire</suggestion> or <suggestion>on the contrary</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Au contraire|On the contrary"><marker>On the contraire</marker>, you've been following me home!</example>
</rule>
<!-- damp squid::word=damp squib::filter=none -->
<rule id="DAMP_SQUID" name="damp squid (squib)">
<pattern>
<token>damp</token>
<token>squid</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>damp squib</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="damp squib">The last firework of the evening was a disappointing <marker>damp squid</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- cursing through veins::word=coursing through veins::filter=none -->
<rule id="CURSING_THROUGH_VEINS" name="cursing (coursing) through veins">
<pattern>
<token>cursing</token>
<token>through</token>
<token>veins</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>coursing through veins</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="coursing through veins">It felt like the drugs were <marker>cursing through veins</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- daring-do::word=derring-do::filter=none -->
<rule id="DARING-DO" name="daring-do (derring-do)">
<pattern>
<token>daring-do</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>derring-do</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="derring-do">He impressed all the ladies with his <marker>daring-do</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- death nail::word=death knell::filter=none -->
<rule id="DEATH_NAIL" name="death nail (knell)">
<pattern>
<token>death</token>
<token>nail</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>death knell</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="death knell">The fall of the Berlin Wall was the <marker>death nail</marker> for the USSR.</example>
</rule>
<!-- reap what you sew::word=reap what you sow::filter=none -->
<rule id="REAP_WHAT_YOU_SEW" name="reap what you sew (sow)">
<pattern>
<token>reap</token>
<token>what</token>
<token>you</token>
<token>sew</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>reap what you sow</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="reap what you sow">You always <marker>reap what you sew</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- spare of the moment::word=spur of the moment::filter=none -->
<rule id="SPARE_OF_THE_MOMENT" name="spare (spur) of the moment">
<pattern>
<token>spare</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>moment</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>spur of the moment</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="spur of the moment">It was a <marker>spare of the moment</marker> decision.</example>
</rule>
<!-- tongue and cheek::word=tongue in cheek::filter=none -->
<rule id="TONGUE_AND_CHEEK" name="tongue and (in) cheek">
<pattern>
<token>tongue</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>cheek</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>tongue in cheek</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="tongue in cheek">He said it with a fair amount of <marker>tongue and cheek</marker>.</example>
<example>She said it with a fair amount of tongue in cheek.</example>
</rule>
<!-- urine analysis::word=urinalysis::filter=none -->
<rule id="URINE_ANALYSIS" name="urine analysis (urinalysis)">
<pattern>
<token>urine</token>
<token>analysis</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>urinalysis</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="urinalysis">They got the results of the <marker>urine analysis</marker> the next day.</example>
</rule>
<!-- wet your appetite::word=whet your appetite::filter=none -->
<rule id="WET_YOUR_APPETITE" name="wet (whet) your appetite">
<pattern>
<token>wet</token>
<token>your</token>
<token>appetite</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whet your appetite</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="whet your appetite">The first John Wayne movie will only serve to <marker>wet your appetite</marker>.</example>
<example>The first Woody Allen movie will only serve to whet your appetite.</example>
</rule>
<!-- tattle-tail::word=tattle-tale::filter=none -->
<rule id="TATTLE-TAIL" name="tattle-tail (tattle-tale)">
<pattern>
<token>tattle-tail</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>tattle-tale</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="tattle-tale">Every child hates a <marker>tattle-tail</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- old wise tail|tale::word=old wives' tale::filter=none -->
<rule id="OLD_WISE_TAILTALE" name="old wise tail (old wives' tale)">
<pattern>
<token>old</token>
<token>wise</token>
<token regexp="yes">tail|tale</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>old wives' tale</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="old wives' tale">The story of the monster was only an <marker>old wise tail</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the lamb::word=on the lam::filter=none -->
<rule id="ON_THE_LAMB" name="on the lamb (lam)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>lamb</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on the lam</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="on the lam">The criminals spent most of the summer <marker>on the lamb</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- you'll will::word=you will::filter=none -->
<rule id="YOULL_WILL" name="youll will (you will)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">you|I|we|they|she|he</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>ll</token>
<token>will</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> will</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="You will"><marker>You'll will</marker> want to make sure you get the daily special.</example>
<example>You'll want to make sure you get some french fries.</example>
</rule>
<!-- it's is::word=it is::filter=none -->
<rule id="ITS_IS" name="its is (it is)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">what|it|who|she|he|there|that</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token>is</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> is</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="She is"><marker>She's is</marker> the best dancer on the west coast.</example>
<example>She's the best dancer on the west coast.</example>
</rule>
<!-- we're are::word=We are::filter=none -->
<rule id="WERE_ARE" name="were are (we are)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">we|they|who</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token>are</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> are</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="We are"><marker>We're are</marker> the favorites to win the championship.</example>
</rule>
<!-- I'm am::word=I am::filter=none -->
<rule id="IM_AM" name="Im am (I am)">
<pattern>
<token>I</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>m</token>
<token>am</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>I am</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="I am"><marker>I'm am</marker> a madman.</example>
<example>I am a prodigal son.</example>
</rule>
<!-- I've have::word=I have::filter=none -->
<rule id="IVE_HAVE" name="Ive have (I have)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we|they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>ve</token>
<token>have</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> have</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="I have"><marker>I've have</marker> no problem taking the first watch.</example>
</rule>
<!-- I'd would::word=I would::filter=none -->
<rule id="ID_WOULD" name="Id would (I would)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|he|she|you|we|they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>d</token>
<token>would</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> would</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="He would"><marker>He'd would</marker> want to wake up early.</example>
<example>He'd want to wake up early.</example>
</rule>
<!-- flashpoint::word=flash point -->
<rule id="FLASHPOINT" name="flashpoint (flash point)">
<pattern>
<token>flashpoint</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>flash point</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="flash point">The <marker>flashpoint</marker> of lead is very high.</example>
</rule>
<!-- can backup::word=can back up -->
<rule id="CAN_BACKUP" name="can backup (back up)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">can|to</token>
<token>backup</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 back up</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can back up">Did you know you <marker>can backup</marker> your data on an external drive?</example>
<example>The car can back up out of the driveway easily.</example>
</rule>
<!-- can blackout::word=can black out -->
<rule id="CAN_BLACKOUT" name="can blackout (black out)">
<pattern>
<token>can</token>
<token>blackout</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>can black out</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can black out">You <marker>can blackout</marker> if you have any more to drink.</example>
</rule>
<!-- can setup::word=can set up -->
<rule id="CAN_SETUP" name="can setup (set up)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">can|got|had|has|have|help|is|to</token>
<token>setup</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 set up</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can set up">She <marker>can setup</marker> the tent in thirty seconds.</example>
<example>She can set up the tent very quickly.</example>
</rule>
<!-- can workout::word=can work out -->
<rule id="CAN_WORKOUT" name="can workout (work out)">
<pattern>
<token>can</token>
<token>workout</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>can work out</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can work out">We <marker>can workout</marker> after we get lunch.</example>
<example>We can work out after we eat lunch.</example>
</rule>
<!-- got shutdown::word=got shut down -->
<rule id="GOT_SHUTDOWN" name="got shutdown (shut down)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">got|to</token>
<token>shutdown</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 shut down</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="got shut down">Before he could get assigned to it, the project <marker>got shutdown</marker>.</example>
<example>Before he could cancel it, the project got shut down.</example>
</rule>
<!-- got shutout::word=got shut out -->
<rule id="GOT_SHUTOUT" name="got shutout (shut out)">
<pattern>
<token>got</token>
<token>shutout</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>got shut out</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="got shut out">The Mets <marker>got shutout</marker> by the Phillies.</example>
<example>The Mets got shut out by the Yankees.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in along time::word=in a long time -->
<rule id="IN_ALONG_TIME" name="in along (a long) time">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>along</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in a long time</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="in a long time">I haven't had a shower <marker>in along time</marker>.</example>
<example>I haven't had a bath in a long time.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in anyway::word=in any way -->
<rule id="IN_ANYWAY" name="in anyway (any way)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>anyway</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in any way</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="in any way">Make sure you get the plans, <marker>in anyway</marker> possible.</example>
</rule>
<!-- incase of::word=in case of -->
<rule id="INCASE_OF" name="incase (in case) of">
<pattern>
<token>incase</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in case of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="in case of">Always keep a baseball bat by the bed, <marker>incase of</marker> an emergency.</example>
<example>Always keep a bat by the bed, in case of emergency.</example>
</rule>
<!-- Portland Trailblazers::word=Portland Trail Blazers -->
<rule id="PORTLAND_TRAILBLAZERS" name="Portland Trailblazers (Trail Blazers)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Portland</token>
<token>Trailblazers</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Portland Trail Blazers</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Portland Trail Blazers">On Tuesday the Nets play the <marker>Portland Trailblazers</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- take awhile::word=take a while -->
<rule id="TAKE_AWHILE" name="take awhile (a while)">
<pattern>
<token>take</token>
<token>awhile</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>take a while</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="take a while">I'm sorry sir, your laundry will <marker>take awhile</marker> longer.</example>
<example>I'm sorry, your laundry will take a while longer.</example>
</rule>
<!-- to backout::word=to back out -->
<rule id="TO_BACKOUT" name="to backout (back out)">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>backout</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to back out</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to back out">There's still time <marker>to backout</marker> of the deal.</example>
</rule>
<!-- to blackout::word=to black out -->
<rule id="TO_BLACKOUT" name="to blackout (black out)">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>blackout</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to black out</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to black out">He didn't want <marker>to blackout</marker> in front of his professor.</example>
<example>He didn't want to black out in front of the professor.</example>
</rule>
<!-- to comeback::word=to come back -->
<rule id="TO_COMEBACK" name="to comeback (come back)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">to|had</token>
<token>comeback</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 come back</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to come back">The Mets gave the Yankees too much of a chance <marker>to comeback</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- along time::word=a long time -->
<rule id="ALONG_TIME" name="along (a long) time">
<pattern>
<token>along</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>a long time</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="a long time">After <marker>along time</marker> the lovers were reunited.</example>
<example>A long time has passed since we last saw each other.</example>
</rule>
<!-- downpayment::word=down payment -->
<rule id="DOWNPAYMENT" name="downpayment (down payment)">
<pattern>
<token>downpayment</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>down payment</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="down payment">The couple made their first <marker>downpayment</marker> on their new house.</example>
<example>The couple made the first down payment on their new house.</example>
</rule>
<!-- smartphone::word=smart phone -->
<rule default="off" id="SMARTPHONE" name="smartphone (smart phone)">
<pattern>
<token>smartphone</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>smart phone</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="smart phone">Susie wanted to get a <marker>smartphone</marker> to impress her boyfriend.</example>
<example>She couldn't type very well on her new smart phone.</example>
</rule>
<!-- ala mode::word=à la mode::filter=none -->
<rule id="ALA_MODE" name="ala mode (a la mode)">
<pattern>
<token>ala</token>
<token>mode</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>à la mode</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="à la mode">He loves his pie <marker>ala mode</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- afterall::word=after all -->
<rule id="AFTERALL" name="afterall (after all)">
<pattern>
<token>afterall</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>after all</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="After all"><marker>Afterall</marker>, there isn't any food to be had in this country.</example>
<example>After all, there isn't any food to be found in this country.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="I_AM_WORRY" name="I am worry (worried)">
<pattern>
<token skip="1" postag="PRP"><exception>it</exception></token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<marker>
<token>worry</token>
</marker>
<token><exception inflected="yes">wart</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>worried</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="worried">I am <marker>worry</marker> about her.</example>
<example correction="worried">I'm <marker>worry</marker> about her.</example>
<example>They are worry warts.</example>
<example>Rest is most efficient when it is worry and guilt free.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MUST_OF_THE_TIME_MOST_OF_THE_TIME" name="must of the time (most of the time)">
<pattern>
<token>must</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>most of the \4</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="most of the time">It's true <marker>must of the time</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOR_TIME_TO_TIME" name="for time to time (from time to time)">
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>time</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Non-standard phrase. Did you mean <suggestion>from \2 \3 \4</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="from time to time">He buys a car <marker>for time to time</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONFUSION_OF_SAVE_SAFE_TO_IGNORE" name="confusion of save/safe to ignore">
<pattern>
<token>save</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>ignore</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>safe to ignore</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="safe to ignore">It is <marker>save to ignore</marker> trivial code when writing unit tests.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SAVE_SAFE" name="save (safe)">
<antipattern>
<token>such</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>save</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>are|were|be|was|is|s|feels?|as<exception postag="PRP"/></token>
<token min='0' max='2' postag="RB"/>
<marker>
<token>save</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>safe</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction='safe'>It is not <marker>save</marker> to eat moldy food.</example>
<example correction='safe'>It was not very <marker>save</marker> for him in this area.</example>
<example correction='safe'>Julia does not feel <marker>save</marker> in her house.</example>
<example correction='safe'>It's <marker>save</marker>.</example>
<example>It is safe to say that you are a genius.</example>
<example>You will be safe here.</example>
<example>This is totally safe.</example>
<example>Their jobs are as safe as houses.</example>
<example>Let's save the environment!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MASTERS" name="masters (master’s) degree/dissertation/thesis">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>masters</token>
</marker>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">degree|dissertation|thesis</token>
</pattern>
<message>For an academic degree, use <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(Master|master)s" regexp_replace="$1’s"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%27s_degree</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="master’s">His <marker>masters</marker> degree is excellent.</example>
<example correction="master’s">I must submit my <marker>masters</marker> dissertation before 27 June.</example>
<example correction="Master’s"><marker>Masters</marker> theses and dissertations are not easy to write.</example>
<example>These musicians are <marker>masters</marker> of their art.</example>
<example>My <marker>masters</marker> was a difficult degree.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Grammar -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="GRAMMAR" name="Grammar" type="grammar">
<!--
<rule id="PLURAL_VBZ" name="Plural phrase with singular verb">
<pattern>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token chunk="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="VBZ"/>
</pattern>
<message>This sentence seems to use a plural phrase with a singular verb.</message>
<example correction="A soccer player kicks"><marker>A soccer players kicks</marker> a ball and scores a goal</example>
</rule>
-->
<rule id="WHO_VERB" name="Who + verb (who know's/knows)">
<pattern>
<token>who</token>
<token postag="VB.*|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP"/></token>
<token regexp='yes'>['´]</token>
<token>s</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 \2s</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Who cares"><marker>Who care's</marker>?</example>
<example correction="Who knows"><marker>Who know's</marker>?</example>
<example>I wonder where Tom is and who he's with.</example>
<example>I found out who Tom's father is.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OBJECTIVE_CASE" name="objective case after with(out)/at/to/...">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="TO|RP"/>
<token regexp="yes">I|he|she|we|they</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 me</suggestion>, <suggestion>\1 her</suggestion>, <suggestion>\1 him</suggestion>, <suggestion>\1 us</suggestion>, or <suggestion>\1 them</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to me|to her|to him|to us|to them">Give it <marker>to I</marker>.</example>
<example correction="with me|with her|with him|with us|with them">Come <marker>with I</marker>.</example>
<example>I feel safe <marker>with him</marker>.</example>
<example>Look <marker>at her</marker>!</example>
<example>I have no time to put my books in order before I go.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TOO_ADJECTIVE_TO" name="too ADJECTIVE to">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN|NN:UN|VB.*"/></token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1o \2 \4</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="too good to">This is <marker>to good to</marker> be true.</example>
<example>She is <marker>too sad to</marker> celebrate.</example>
<example>My mother went <marker>to town to</marker> get some bread.</example>
<example>It is next to impossible to make him stop smoking.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BASE_FORM" name="base form after I/you/we/they">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp='yes'>i|you|we|they</token>
<token regexp='yes' min="0" postag="RB">[a-z]+ly</token>
<marker><token postag="VBZ"><exception postag="NNS"/><exception>kids</exception><exception>guys</exception></token></marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error -- use base form here: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBP"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="like">I really <marker>likes</marker> cats.</example>
<example correction="do">I <marker>does</marker> not know about it.</example>
<example>He secretly <marker>loves</marker> you.</example>
<example>They <marker>seem</marker> to like you.</example>
<example>We parents sometimes become blind.</example>
<example>You kids must be hungry.</example>
<example>You guys wait here.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SINGULAR_VERB_AFTER_THESE_OR_THOSE" name="Singular verb after 'these' or 'those'">
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>th[eo]se<exception scope="previous">of</exception></token>
<token postag='VBZ'></token>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is singular. Did you mean: <suggestion>This <match no="2"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2" postag="VBP"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammar error</short>
<example correction='This includes|These include'><marker>These includes</marker> the razor eyeglass and the ring and the compass.</example>
<example>The most common of these is dot 5, which combines with the first letter of words.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THIS_NNS_VB" name="this + plural noun + verb (these)">
<antipattern>
<token>This</token>
<token postag='VB.*' postag_regexp='yes'/>
<token postag="JJ"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>This</token>
</marker>
<token postag='NNS'><exception postag='NN:UN'/><exception postag='NN'/><exception regexp="yes">does|helps|fish</exception></token>
<token postag='VB.*' postag_regexp='yes'><exception>like</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>these</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='These'><marker>This</marker> images are beautiful.</example>
<example>This tastes pretty good to me.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PEOPLE_VBZ" name="people + 3rd person verb">
<pattern>
<token>people</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>If 'people' is plural here, don't use the third-person singular verb.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VBZ" postag_replace="VB"/></suggestion>
<example correction='think'>Some people <marker>thinks</marker> that space is endless.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WE_RB_ARE_VB" name="we + ... + are + base form verb (gerund)">
<pattern>
<token>we</token>
<token postag='RB'/>
<token>are</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VB'/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB" postag_replace="VBG"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='flying'>Today we still are <marker>fly</marker> to space.</example>
</rule>
<!--TODO: too many false alarms
<rule id="THE_NN_VB" name="we + ... + are + base form verb (gerund)">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>the</token>
<token postag='NN'/>
<marker>
<token postag='VB'/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB" postag_replace="VBZ"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='becomes'>The astronaut <marker>becomes</marker> famous.</example>
</rule>
-->
<rule id="I_MOVING" name="personal pronoun + gerund">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>IT</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">am|are|is|t|re|was|were|with|without|of|in|to|much|find</exception><exception postag="VBP|VBD|VB|VBZ|VBG|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|it|we|they</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"><exception>being</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Please check if the base form of the verb should be used here.</message>
<suggestion><match no="4" postag="VB"/></suggestion>
<example correction="move">We regularly <marker>moving</marker> a conversation from the forum to email.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SOME_FACULTY" name="some faculty... (some faculty members...)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">some|many|most|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|ten</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">faculty|committee|staff"</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion><match no="2"/> members</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="faculty members">Three <marker>faculty</marker> support the change.</example>
<example>Three committee members were present.</example>
<example>No faculty member has too many committee assignments.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NEITHER_NOR" name="neither X or Y (neither X nor Y)">
<!-- This rule only catches some cases where "or" needs to be change to "nor" -->
<!-- It is possible correctly use "nor" without "neither":
http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/53728/using-nor-in-a-list-without-neither -->
<pattern>
<token skip="2">neither</token>
<marker>
<token>or</token>
</marker>
<token/>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>nor</suggestion> with neither.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="nor">Neither the teachers <marker>or</marker> the students won.</example>
<example correction="nor">They were neither helping <marker>or</marker> hurting the plan.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IS_EVEN_WORST" name="is even worst (worse)" type="grammar">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|were</token>
<token>even</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJS"/>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS?:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Probably incorrect use of superlative '\3'. Consider using the comparative form instead.</message>
<suggestion><match suppress_misspelled="yes" no="3" postag="JJR"/></suggestion>
<example correction="nicer">He was even <marker>nicest</marker> after a year.</example>
<example correction="iller|worse">He was even <marker>worst</marker>.</example>
<example>He was even worse after a year.</example>
<example>He was even best man at my wedding.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SOME_NN_VBP" name="'some' + sing. noun + verb">
<antipattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>day</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>some</token>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN|NN:UN"><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBP"><exception postag="NN:UN"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" postag="NN:UN|NN" postag_regexp="yes" postag_replace="NNS"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="languages">I think some <marker>language</marker> are more complicated than others.</example>
<example correction="cans">Some <marker>can</marker> are dirty.</example>
<example>For example, some <marker>can</marker> accommodate the largest aircraft and other hangars cannot.</example>
<example>If some <marker>can</marker> contains oily water, check the pump for leaks.</example>
<example>This <marker>can</marker> is dirty.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IS_CAUSE_BY" name="is cause (caused) by">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
<marker>
<token>cause</token>
</marker>
<token>by</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>caused</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='caused'>This is <marker>cause</marker> by a bug.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BE_INTEREST_IN" name="be interesting (interested) in">
<pattern>
<token inflected='yes'>be</token>
<marker>
<token inflected='yes'>interest<exception>interested</exception></token>
</marker>
<token>in</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>interested</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='interested'>I am <marker>interesting</marker> in this book.</example>
<example correction='interested'>I am <marker>interest</marker> in this book.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="TOO_EITHER" name="'too' in negation (either)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<marker>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="JJ"></exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>For negated sentences, use <suggestion>either</suggestion> instead of 'too'.</message>
<example correction="either">I am not a child, and my cousin isn't <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example>My news isn't too important to people who don't want to know.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>no</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN|NNS"></token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<marker>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>For negated sentences, use <suggestion>either</suggestion> instead of 'too'.</message>
<example correction="either">I have no problems <marker>too</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token postag="VB"></token>
<token postag="NNS"></token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<marker>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="RB"></exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>For negated sentences, use <suggestion>either</suggestion> instead of 'too'.</message>
<example correction="either">I don't have problems <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example>Don't take things <marker>too</marker> seriously.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="PREFER_TO_VBG" name="prefer to [gerund] -> [base form]">
<pattern>
<token>prefer</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VBG'></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='change'>Some other people prefer to <marker>changing</marker> job.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VE_HAVING" name="'ve having -> 've been having">
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>could|would|should|you|i|we|they</token>
<marker>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['`]</token>
<token>ve</token>
<token>having</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/><match no="3"/> been having</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="'ve been having">I<marker>'ve having</marker> lunch.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="HAVE_HAVING" name="have having -> have been having">
<pattern>
<token>have</token>
<token>having</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> been having</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="have been having">I <marker>have having</marker> lunch.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PRP_MD_CD_IN" name="Missing verb (some cases)">
<pattern>
<token postag='PRP'><exception scope="previous" postag="IN|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag='MD'/>
<token postag='CD'/>
</marker>
<token postag='IN'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/> use <match no="3"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="2"/> be <match no="3"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='could use one|could be one'>We <marker>could one</marker> of them.</example>
<example correction='can use two|can be two'>We <marker>can two</marker> of these.</example>
<example correction='may use one|may be one'>That she <marker>may one</marker> of the Tyr-Ridan</example>
<example>I'm not convinced we need one for that.</example>
<example>Any more than I would one of NAFTA medals.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="HAD_VBP" name="Had + verb present tense">
<antipattern>
<token>had</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>had</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>had</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VBP'>
<exception postag='JJ|JJR|JJS|VBN' postag_regexp='yes'/><exception regexp="yes">become|lunch|dinner|breakfast|brunch</exception>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error -- use past participle here: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="played">They had <marker>play</marker> the game</example>
</rule>
<rule id="I_AM" name="missing 'am' in 'I am'" >
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>I<exception scope="previous" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VBG|VBP" /></token>
</marker>
<token postag='VBG'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>I am</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="I am"><marker>I</marker> looking into the problem.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AM_I" name="missing 'I' in 'am I'" >
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>am<exception scope="previous">I</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag='VBG'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>am I</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="am I">Whom <marker>am</marker> talking with?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SHOULD_BE_DO" name="should be do (done)">
<pattern>
<token>should</token>
<token>be</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VB|NN:UN' postag_regexp='yes'><exception postag='JJ'/>
<exception>president</exception>
<exception>off</exception>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no = "3" postag ="VBN"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='done'>If you have after-school activities, the homework should be <marker>do</marker> first.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="NEEDNT_TO_DO_AND_DONT_NEED_DO" name="needn't to do(do)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>need</token>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag='VB'/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='change'>They need not <marker>to change</marker> them.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>needn</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag='VB'><exception>get</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='change'>They needn't <marker>to change</marker> them.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>do</token>
<token > not</token>
<token>need</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VB'><exception regexp='yes'>proof|fake</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to <match no="4"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='to change'>They do not need <marker>change</marker> them.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>don</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>need</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VB'><exception regexp='yes'>proof|fake</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to <match no="5"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='to change'>They don't need <marker>change</marker> them.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="IT_IS_JJ_TO_VBG" name="it is ... to doing (do)">
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token inflected='yes'>be</token>
<token min='0' max='1'>not</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VBG'/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="6" postag="VB" /></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='grasp'>They think that it is not easy to <marker>grasping</marker> skills.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BE_USE_TO_DO" name="be use (used) to">
<pattern case_sensitive='yes'>
<token inflected='yes'>be</token>
<marker>
<token>use</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBD"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='used'>He is <marker>use</marker> to a vegetarian diet.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ON_ADDITION" name="wrong preposition: 'On addition' (In addition)">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token postag='IN'><exception>in</exception></token>
</marker>
<token>addition</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='In'><marker>On</marker> addition, ...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LEARN_NNNNS_ON_DO" name="wrong preposition: 'learn sth on do' (to do)">
<pattern>
<token inflected='yes'>learn</token>
<token postag='NN|NNS' postag_regexp='yes'><exception>tool</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag='IN'><exception>to</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag='VB'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='to'>We can learn ways <marker>on</marker> manage complex relationships with colleagues.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ESSENTIAL_ESSENTIALLY" name="essentially" >
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>essential</token>
</marker>
<token postag='DT'><exception>that</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>essentially</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="essentially">This is <marker>essential</marker> the same work</example>
</rule>
<rule id="GAVE_GIVE" name="verb before 'gave'" >
<pattern>
<token postag='VB|VBP' postag_regexp='yes'><exception postag='NNP|NN|NNS' postag_regexp='yes'/></token>
<marker>
<token>gave</token>
</marker>
<token negate='yes'>in</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>give</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="give">The updates do <marker>gave</marker> the correct date.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TO_WITHDRAWN" name="to/will before withdrawn" >
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">to|will</token>
<marker>
<token>withdrawn</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>withdraw</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="withdraw">The team are to <marker>withdrawn</marker>.</example>
<example correction="withdraw">The team will <marker>withdrawn</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="AFFORD_VB" name="'afford', 'choose', etc. used with base form instead of infinitive">
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>learn</token>
<token>sign</token>
<token>language</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">afford|choose|deserve|pretend|strive|struggle|learn</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB"><exception postag="JJ"/><exception>reward</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He didn't deserve to lose his job.</example>
<example>...that gorillas are intelligent enough to learn sign language.</example>
<example>I choose uniform objects.</example>
<example correction="to spend">We cannot afford <marker>spend</marker> the whole month in Alps.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">afford|choose|deserve|pretend|strive|struggle|learn</token>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to spend">We cannot afford not <marker>spend</marker> the whole month in Alps.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="BE_FOND_TO" name="Wrong preposition: 'be fond to' (be fond of)">
<pattern>
<token postag='VBP|VB' postag_regexp='yes'/>
<token>fond</token>
<marker>
<token postag='IN'><exception>of</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag='VBG'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='of'>Children are fond <marker>to</marker> skipping.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="A_GREAT_NUMBER_OF_NN" name="a great number of + singular (plural)">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>great</token>
<token>number</token>
<token>of</token>
<marker>
<token postag='NN'><exception>cars</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="5" postag="NNS"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='problems'>A great number of <marker>problem</marker> have arisen.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MANY_KINDS_OF" name="many kinds of + singular noun">
<antipattern>
<token>many</token>
<token>kinds</token>
<token>of</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-plural"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>many</token>
<token>kinds</token>
<token>of</token>
<marker>
<token postag='NN'/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4" postag="NNS" /></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='books'>There are many kinds of <marker>book</marker> in the shop.</example>
<example type="correct">How Many Kinds Of Immigrant Visas Does It Take To Staff A Startup?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_NN_AND_THE_NN" name="the ... and the ... is (are)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token postag='NN'><exception case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z][a-z]+</exception></token>
<token>and</token>
<token>the</token>
<token postag='NN'><exception case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z][a-z]+</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>are</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='are'>The plane and the train <marker>is</marker> fast.</example>
<example>The main character of the animated cartoon The Ant and the Aardvark is a blue aardvark voiced by John Byner.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ARRIVE_NNP" name="'arrive' + proper noun ('arrive in' + proper noun)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>arrive</token>
</marker>
<token postag='NNP'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>arrive in</suggestion> or <suggestion>arrive at</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='arrive in|arrive at'>I would like to <marker>arrive</marker> Dallas next day.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WILL_LIKE_TO" name="'will like to' (would like to)">
<pattern>
<token postag='PRP'/>
<marker>
<token>will</token>
</marker>
<token>like</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>would</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='would'>I <marker>will</marker> like to do something.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WHO_NOUN" name="Noun following 'who'">
<pattern>
<token>who</token>
<token postag='NN'>
<exception postag='VB'/>
<exception postag='VBD'/>
<exception postag='RB'/>
<exception postag='RP'/>
<exception>haven</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>A noun should not follow 'who'. Try changing to a verb or maybe to <suggestion>who is a \2</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="who is a participant">A student <marker>who participant</marker> in the program</example>
<example>To all who haven't given up: ...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="A_INFINITVE" name="a/the + infinitive">
<antipattern>
<token>download</token>
<token>manager</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>a|an|the</token>
<token postag='VB|VBP' postag_regexp='yes'>
<exception regexp="yes">commit|remix|long-running </exception>
<exception postag='VB|VBP|SENT_END|PARA_END' postag_regexp='yes' negate_pos='yes'/>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Maybe a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive</message>
<example correction=""><marker>a compete</marker> catastrophe.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>a compete</marker></example>
<example>a complete catastrophe</example>
<example>a show</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BE_FINED_WITH" name="be fined with (be fine with)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<marker>
<token>fined</token>
</marker>
<token>with</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fine</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="fine">I'm <marker>fined</marker> with that.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VERY_THANKS_THANKS_A_LOT" name="very thanks (thanks a lot)">
<pattern>
<token>very</token>
<token>thanks</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>thanks a lot</suggestion> or <suggestion>many thanks</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Non-standard phrase</short>
<example correction="Thanks a lot|Many thanks"><marker>Very thanks</marker>!</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="BETWEEN_PRP" name="between he and… (between him and…)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>between</token>
<token>he</token>
</marker>
<token>and</token>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect form of the pronoun 'he'. Use: <suggestion>\1 him</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="between him">His opposition against homosexuality causes tension <marker>between he</marker> and his gay roommate, Davis.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>between</token>
<token>I</token>
</marker>
<token>and</token>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect form of the pronoun 'I'. Use: <suggestion>\1 me</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>His opposition against homosexuality causes tension between him and his gay roommate, Davis.</example>
<example correction="between me">His opposition against homosexuality causes tension <marker>between I</marker> and Davis.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>between</token>
<token>they</token>
</marker>
<token>and</token>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect form of the pronoun '\2'. Use: <suggestion>\1 them</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>His opposition against homosexuality causes tension between him and his gay roommate, Davis.</example>
<example correction="between them">His opposition against homosexuality causes tension <marker>between they</marker> and Davis.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>between</token>
<token>she</token>
</marker>
<token>and</token>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect form of the pronoun '\2'. Use: <suggestion>\1 her</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>His opposition against homosexuality causes tension between him and his gay roommate, Davis.</example>
<example correction="between her">His opposition against homosexuality causes tension <marker>between she</marker> and Davis.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="IN_WHO" name="Preposition + who (whom)">
<url>http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/prepositions_object_of_a_preposition.htm</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"><exception regexp="yes">out|like|ago</exception>
<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">regardless|as</exception>
<exception scope="previous" postag="SENT_START"/>
</token>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="PRP\$?|VB[ZD]|MD|W?DT|RB|NN.*|IN|CC|WP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">['“"]|are|else|(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whom</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>To whom do I send my transcripts?</example>
<example correction="whom">Who was with <marker>who</marker>?</example>
<example>I will give you a quick synopsis of who Sam is.</example>
<example>If you figure out who, let me know.</example>
<example>I can't think of who else.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="IN"><exception regexp="yes">out|like|ago|for</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB.|MD" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whom</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="whom">To <marker>who</marker> do I send my transcripts?</example>
<example correction="whom">Against <marker>who</marker> did you protest?</example>
<example>For who can be certain that suicide is not just one particular doorway to death - death being in and of itself irrefutably natural?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="IF_WOULD_HAVE_VBN" name="if I would have (if I had)">
<pattern>
<token skip="5">if<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">had|could</exception><exception scope="next" postag="VBD"/></token>
<marker>
<token>would</token>
<token>have</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>had \4</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical mistake</short>
<example correction="had known">If I <marker>would have known</marker> about the party, I would have gone to it.</example>
<example>If I were you, I would have done the same thing.</example>
<example>And if looks could kill, Wally would have been dead.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="FEWER_LESS" name="fewer with countable nouns (less)">
<url>http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/less-or-fewer</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token postag="NNS"/>
<token>or</token>
<marker>
<token>less</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fewer</suggestion>? The noun \2 is countable.</message>
<short>Grammatical error</short>
<example correction="fewer">Ten items or <marker>less</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|were<exception scope="previous">there</exception></token>
<token>more</token>
<token>or</token>
<marker>
<token>less</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="JJR|RBR" postag_regexp="yes">less<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">\d+%</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="JJ"/><exception regexp="yes">brains|taxes|resources</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>fewer</suggestion>? The noun \2 is countable.</message>
<short>Grammatical error</short>
<example correction="fewer">He has <marker>less</marker> items</example>
<example>He has fewer items.</example>
<example>Present-day students are more or less religious.</example>
<example>These are more or less plants.</example>
<example>85% less bananas</example>
<example> What the country needs is less taxes rather than more expenses.</example>
<example>Revenue less expenses</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="WORST_THAN" name="worst (worse) than">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>worst</token>
</marker>
<token>than</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>worse</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="worse">That's <marker>worst</marker> than before!</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="DOES_YOU" name="does (do) I/you/we/they">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>does</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>do</suggestion>? 'does' is only used for the third person singular (he/she/it).</message>
<example correction="Do"><marker>Does</marker> you have your glasses?</example>
<example>Smoking does you harm.</example>
<example correction="Do"><marker>Does</marker> I have to go there?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="VBG"/></token>
<marker>
<token>does</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>do</suggestion>? 'does' is only used for the third person singular (he/she/it).</message>
<example correction="Do">But <marker>Does</marker> you have your glasses?</example>
<example>But do you have your glasses?</example>
<example>Smoking does you harm.</example>
<example>But Smoking does you harm.</example>
<example correction="do">But <marker>does</marker> I have to go there?</example>
<example>But do I have to go there?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DOES_NP_VBZ" name="'does' ... 3rd person verb (base verb)">
<pattern>
<token>does</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ" />
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="grow">Does your memory usage <marker>grows</marker> during processing?</example>
<example correction="grow">Does memory usage <marker>grows</marker> during processing?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IT_VBZ" name="'it' + non-3rd person verb">
<antipattern>
<token>it</token>
<token min="0" max="1" postag="RB"/>
<token>second</token>
<token>hand</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<!-- 't': from "doesn't" etc -->
<token><exception regexp="yes">can|could|must|might|shall|does|will|ll|would|should|may|t|did|be|is|were|was|that|about|of|lest|whether|surrounding</exception><exception regexp="yes" inflected="yes">hear|feel|see|insist|call|claim|make|let</exception><exception postag="IN"/></token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">[Ii]t</token>
<token min="0" max="1" postag="RB"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="VBD|R[BP]|IN"/>
<exception>true</exception>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="supports">It <marker>support</marker> transparency.</example>
<example correction="matters">It only <marker>matter</marker> to me.</example>
<example>Does it <marker>support</marker> transparency?</example>
<example>Doesn't it <marker>support</marker> transparency?</example>
<example>The American publisher let it go out of print.</example>
<example>How did it come about?</example>
<example>I took my umbrella lest it rain.</example>
<example>He immediately wrote it down.</example>
<example>Is it right?</example>
<example>I heard it thunder in the distance.</example>
<example>Do it well.</example>
<example>All my doubts about it have been driven away.</example>
<example>It fell without resistance to Union forces under Brig.</example>
<example>You may take this book as long as you keep it clean.</example>
<example>Embrace life whether it be a moment or, an eternity.</example>
<example>But he insisted that it be housed in a special museum.</example>
<example>Many other components beside it determine how much cooling you'll get.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="DID_PAST" name="'did' with past tense verb">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>did</token>
<!-- TODO: use chunks
<token chunk="B-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
-->
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="JJ" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN:UN|NN:U|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD"><exception postag="VB"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="work">Did the application <marker>worked</marker>?</example>
<example correction="work">Did the applications <marker>worked</marker>?</example>
<example correction="work">Did your new applications <marker>worked</marker>?</example>
<example>Did your applications work?</example>
<example>If it were not that I knew who it was I could have mistaken it for my Aunt so well did her clothes fit him.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token min="0" postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token>did</token>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|we|they</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD"><exception postag="VB"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VBP" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="forget">Did you <marker>forgot</marker> it?</example>
<example correction="forget">Why did you <marker>forgot</marker> it?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ADVERB_WORD_ORDER" name="Word order: Wrong position of adverb, e.g. 'Always I am happy. (I am always happy.)'">
<url>http://faculty.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/AdverbPl.html</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/> <!-- or but -->
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">Always|Hardly|Never|Rarely|Seldom</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VB.*|MD|JJ|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually not used at the beginning of a sentence.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Always</marker> I am happy.</example>
<example>I am <marker>always</marker> happy.</example>
<example><marker>Always</marker> wear your helmet.</example>
<example><marker>Always</marker> late, is he?</example>
<example>Hardly.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>Ever</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VB.*|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>since</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually not used at the beginning of a sentence.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Ever</marker> it was thus.</example>
<example><marker>Ever since</marker> Portugal handed over sovereignty</example>
<example>It was <marker>ever</marker> thus.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>always</token>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="VB.*|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|rarely|seldom</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually not used at the end of a sentence.</message>
<example correction="">I am happy <marker>always</marker>.</example>
<example>I am <marker>always</marker> happy.</example>
<example>The band emerged triumphant, <marker>as always</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" skip="-1"><exception scope="next" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*|MD"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually put after the verb '\3'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="am sometimes">I <marker>sometimes am</marker> happy.</example>
<example>Although they can <marker>sometimes</marker> be found</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>it</token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually put after the verb '\3'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="am sometimes">I am here and I <marker>sometimes am</marker> happy.</example>
<example>When it's valid (as it usually is), there's no problem.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[NG]"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="SENT_END"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\4' is usually put between '\1' and '\2'.</message>
<suggestion>\1 \4 \2 \3</suggestion>
<example correction="have often been seen">They <marker>have been seen often</marker> together.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[NG]"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\1' is usually put between '\2' and '\3'.</message>
<suggestion>\2 \1 \3</suggestion>
<example>They have <marker>often been seen</marker> together.</example>
<example correction="have often been">They <marker>often have been</marker> seen together.</example>
<!-- <example correction="have often been">She <marker>often</marker> has been late.</example> TODO -->
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will<exception postag="VBG"/></token>
<token inflected="yes">be<exception>art</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[NG]"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\3' is usually put between '\1' and '\2'.</message>
<suggestion>\1 \3 \2</suggestion>
<example>The human being <marker>is often</marker> regarded as</example>
<example>They <marker>have often</marker> been seen together.</example>
<example correction="have often been">They <marker>have been often</marker> seen together.</example>
<!-- <example correction="have often been">He has been <marker>often</marker> late.</example> TODO -->
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="VB[DPZ]?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be|will</exception><exception postag="NNS?" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VB.*|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually put before the verb '\1'.</message>
<suggestion>\2 \1</suggestion>
<example correction="often go">I <marker>go often</marker> to bed before midnight.</example>
<example>I <marker>will always</marker> love you.</example>
<example correction="always love">I will <marker>love always</marker> you.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be|will</exception></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will</token>
<token postag="VB[DPZ]?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be</exception><exception postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually put between '\3' and '\4'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2 \4</suggestion>
<example>They <marker>usually have</marker> long hind limbs</example>
<example correction="will always love">I <marker>always will love</marker> you.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="GOING_TO_VBD" name="Use of past form with 'going to ...'">
<pattern>
<token>going</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD"><exception postag="VB"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>'Going to' requires the base form: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<example correction="write">I'm going to <marker>wrote</marker> him.</example>
<example>We are not going to <marker>let</marker> them get away with this.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="NON_ACTION_CONTINUOUS" name="Use of continuous form with non-action verbs">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">had|has|have</token>
<token>been</token>
<token regexp="yes">knowing|belonging|meaning|supposing</token>
</pattern>
<message>The verb <match no="3" postag="VB"/> is usually not used with a continuous form, use the simple form instead.</message>
<suggestion>\1 <match no="3" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>
<url>http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/present-perfect-continuous</url>
<short>Probably incorrect use of continuous form</short>
<example correction="had known">He <marker>had been knowing</marker> it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">were|was</token>
<token regexp="yes">knowing|belonging|meaning|supposing</token>
</pattern>
<message>The verb <match no="2" postag="VB"/> is usually not used with a continuous form, use the simple form instead.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBD"/></suggestion>
<url>http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/past-continuous</url>
<short>Probably incorrect use of continuous form</short>
<example correction="knew">She <marker>was knowing</marker> it.</example>
<example>He <marker>knew</marker> it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>is</token>
<token regexp="yes">knowing|belonging|meaning|supposing</token>
</pattern>
<message>The verb <match no="2" postag="VB"/> is usually not used with a continuous form, use the simple form instead.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>
<url>http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/present-continuous</url>
<short>Probably incorrect use of continuous form</short>
<example correction="knows">She <marker>is knowing</marker> it.</example>
<example>He <marker>knows</marker> it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">am|are|were</token>
<token regexp="yes">knowing|belonging|meaning|supposing</token>
</pattern>
<message>The verb <match no="2" postag="VB"/> is usually not used with a continuous form, use the simple form instead.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBP"/></suggestion>
<url>http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/present-continuous</url>
<short>Probably incorrect use of continuous form</short>
<example correction="know">I <marker>am knowing</marker> it.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ON_FIRST_GLANCE" name="on (at) first glance">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token skip="1">on</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes" skip="1">first|a</token>
<token>glance</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>at</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Wrong preposition</short>
<example correction="At"><marker>On</marker> first glance it seems to be a good idea.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="DONT_NEEDS" name="don't ... 3rd person verb">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">don|won</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ" />
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example>I don't <marker>need</marker> help with that.</example>
<example>You don't <marker>have</marker> a bicycle?</example>
<example correction="need">I don't <marker>needs</marker> help with that.</example>
<example correction="have">You don't <marker>has</marker> a bicycle?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">do|will</token>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ" />
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example>I do not <marker>need</marker> help with that.</example>
<example>You do not <marker>have</marker> a bicycle?</example>
<example correction="need">I do not <marker>needs</marker> help with that.</example>
<example correction="have">You do not <marker>has</marker> a bicycle?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DOES_X_HAS" name="does ... 3rd person verb">
<pattern>
<token>does<exception scope="previous" postag="NNP"/></token>
<token>
<exception regexp="yes">so|this|that|and|[:,]</exception>
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB|VBP|VBG|WP|CC"/>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ" ><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>? As 'do' is already inflected, the verb cannot also be inflected.</message>
<example>He does not have expertise about that.</example>
<example>Does anybody have an idea about that?</example>
<example>An algorithm that does so is usually considered invalid.</example>
<example correction="have">He does not <marker>has</marker> expertise about that.</example>
<example correction="have">Does anybody <marker>has</marker> an idea about that?</example>
<example>What it does: increases rate of gain and improves feed efficiency.</example>
<example>Does Lincoln Mills suggest that if Congress granted jurisdiction over interstate divorce cases, the federal courts would be authorized to fashion a national law for the dissolution of marriages?</example>
<example>Everyone also who does what is just (righteous) has been born of him.</example>
<example>It seems like as technologies emerge, I love to jump on the bandwagon around the end of the early adopters phase -- and then it either does or doesn't integrate well with my life.</example>
<example>The only reason Bobby does it is because he knows I would SMACK him if he didn't.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="A_RB_NN" name="Adverb instead of an adjective">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">a</token>
<token postag="RB"><exception postag="JJ[RS]?|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">not|after</exception></token>
<token postag="NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ[RS]?|VB[NG]" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>You used an adverb ('\2') instead an adjective, or a noun ('\3') instead of another adjective.</message>
<url>http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/adverbs/xadvb1.htm</url>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>This is a philosophical question.</example>
<example>Mc-Master-Carr is a supply company.</example>
<example correction="">This is <marker>a philosophically question</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WANT_THAT_I" name="want that I (want me to)">
<!-- TODO: extend this rule to cover more than personal pronouns. This is actually a very common error for German speakers. -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">want</token>
<token>that</token>
<token>I</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 me to</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="wants me to">He <marker>wants that I</marker> send him an email.</example>
<example correction="want me to">They <marker>want that I</marker> send him an email.</example>
<example correction="wanted me to">They <marker>wanted that I</marker> send him an email.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">want</token>
<token>that</token>
<token>you</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 you to</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="wants you to">He <marker>wants that you</marker> send him an email.</example>
<example correction="want you to">They <marker>want that you</marker> send him an email.</example>
<example correction="wanted you to">They <marker>wanted that you</marker> send him an email.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">want</token>
<token>that</token>
<token>he</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 him to</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="want him to">They <marker>want that he</marker> sends him an email.</example>
<example>They <marker>want him to</marker> send him an email.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">want</token>
<token>that</token>
<token>she</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 her to</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="want her to">They <marker>want that she</marker> sends him an email.</example>
<example>They <marker>want her to</marker> send him an email.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">want</token>
<token>that</token>
<token>we</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 us to</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="wants us to">He <marker>wants that we</marker> send him an email.</example>
<example correction="want us to">They <marker>want that we</marker> send him an email.</example>
<example correction="wanted us to">They <marker>wanted that we</marker> send him an email.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">want</token>
<token>that</token>
<token>they</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 them to</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="want them to">They <marker>want that they</marker> sends him an email.</example>
<example>They <marker>want them to</marker> send him an email.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="THE_SENT_END" name="Sentence ending with 'the' or 'a'">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token><exception regexp="yes">’|'|\.</exception><exception postag="SENT_START"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">the|The|an|An|a</token>
<token postag="SENT_END" regexp="yes">\.|\?|!</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you forget something after '\2'?</message>
<example>I am going to the store.</example>
<example>I got a .2TB hard drive.</example>
<example>I met Robert (a.k.a. Bob) at the store.</example>
<example>a. The first item in the list.</example>
<example>I am in Concourse A.</example>
<example>I read the Qur'an.</example>
<example>He was taken to Chang’an.</example>
<example>I got up at 3 a.m.</example>
<example correction="">I am going to <marker>an.</marker></example>
<example correction="">I am going to <marker>the.</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_PUNCT" name="'The' or 'a' before a punctuation">
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">vowel|letter</token>
<token>a</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token><exception regexp="yes">’|'|\.</exception><exception postag="SENT_START"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">the|The|an|An|a</token>
<token regexp="yes">[,;]</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you forget something after '\2'?</message>
<example>I am going to the store.</example>
<example>I got a .2TB hard drive.</example>
<example>I met Robert (a.k.a. Bob) at the store.</example>
<example>a. The first item in the list.</example>
<example>I am in Concourse A.</example>
<example>I read the Qur'an.</example>
<example>He was taken to Chang’an.</example>
<example>I got up at 3 a.m.</example>
<example correction="">I am going to <marker>an,</marker> then I see you.</example>
<example correction="">I am going to <marker>the;</marker> that's right.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PRP_RB_NO_VB" name="Verb missing after personal pronoun and adverb at beginning of sentence.">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token postag="RB.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="IN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">too|also|way</exception></token>
<token><exception postag="VB.*|,|\.|CC|IN|JJ|WP|MD|RB" postag_regexp="yes" /><exception regexp="yes">\(|\)|\[|\"</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Are you missing a verb?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="">I <marker>accidentally the</marker> flashlight.</example>
<example>I accidentally dropped the flashlight.</example>
<example correction="">I <marker>rarely the</marker> the flashlight.</example>
<example correction="">I <marker>quickly the</marker> the flashlight.</example>
<example correction="">We <marker>quickly the</marker> the flashlight.</example>
<example>We wanted it no matter how rarely the item was found.</example>
<example>He stabbed me intentionally.</example>
<example>They too might be in danger.</example>
<example>He also described the disaster.</example>
<example>One way this can occur is through fear.</example>
<example>She went to the store frequently and bought cookies.</example>
<example>He found himself frequently at odds with reality.</example>
<example>He regularly performed dressed all in black.</example>
<example>He possibly could go to school.</example>
<example>He applied himself fairly seriously to his work.</example>
<example>He joined them there a few days later.</example>
<example>He really didn't know how to fly.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DONT_WILL" name="don't will (won't)">
<pattern>
<token negate="yes">who</token>
<marker>
<token>don</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>will</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>won't</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="won't">I <marker>don't will</marker> do that.</example>
<example>Those who <marker>don't will</marker> never know.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="HELP_TO_FIND" name="help to find (help find)">
<pattern>
<token>help</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token>to</token>
<token inflected="no">find</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is probably grammatically incorrect. Write <suggestion>help \2 find</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="help me find">Can any guru <marker>help me to find</marker> the reason?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WAS_BEEN" name="was been (has been)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>was</token>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>was</suggestion> or <suggestion>has been</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="was|has been">She <marker>was been</marker> here since Monday.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>was</token>
<token>not</token>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>was not</suggestion> or <suggestion>has not been</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="was not|has not been">She <marker>was not been</marker> here since Monday.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>wasn</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wasn't</suggestion> or <suggestion>hasn't been</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem or typo</short>
<example correction="wasn't|hasn't been">She <marker>wasn't been</marker> here since Monday.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="LETS_DONT" name="let's don't (let's not)">
<pattern>
<token>let</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token>don</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
</pattern>
<message>Substandard usage of 'let'. The standard is: <suggestion>\1\2\3 not</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="Let's not"><marker>Let's don't</marker> go there.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THESE_ONES" name="these/those ones (these/those)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">these|those</token>
<token>ones</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is probably grammatically incorrect. Write <suggestion>\1</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="These"><marker>These Ones</marker> Are Bitter.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EACH_EVERY_NNS" name="'each' or 'every' with plural nouns">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">each|every|n?either</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NN"/></token>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>'Each', 'every', 'either' and 'neither' are used with singular. Did you mean <suggestion>all</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://www.grammaring.com/determiners-with-countable-and-uncountable-nouns-some-any-no-many-much-few-little-etc</url>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="All"><marker>Each</marker> children are happy.</example>
<example><marker>Each</marker> children's services are available...</example>
<example><marker>Each</marker> children services are available...</example>
<example><marker>Each</marker> series revolves around a group of magical girls.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="AGREEMENT_SENT_START" name="Possible agreement error: plural noun + singular verb">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception>is</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You should probably use <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBP"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>The dogs <marker>are</marker> released.</example>
<example>The dog is released.</example>
<example correction="bark">The dogs <marker>barks</marker> loudly.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="IN"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception>is</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You should probably use <suggestion><match no="6" postag="VBP"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="want">Many users in Asia <marker>wants</marker> to learn English.</example>
<example correction="want">Many users from Asia <marker>wants</marker> to learn English.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NNP?|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception>is</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You should probably use <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VBP"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>The dogs <marker>are</marker> released.</example>
<example>The dog is released.</example>
<example correction="bark">The black dogs <marker>barks</marker> loudly.</example>
<example>The Canadian Badlands has much to offer.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="NNS"/>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>hedge</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception>is</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You should probably use <suggestion><match no="6" postag="VBP"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>The dogs of war <marker>are</marker> released.</example>
<example>The dog of war is released.</example>
<example correction="bark">The dogs of war <marker>barks</marker> loudly.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You should probably use: <suggestion>are</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>The dog is released.</example>
<example correction="are">The dogs <marker>is</marker> released.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>media</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>was</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You should probably use: <suggestion>were</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>The dog was released.</example>
<example correction="were">The dogs <marker>was</marker> released.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="NNS"/>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. You should probably use: <suggestion>are</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>The dog of war is released.</example>
<example correction="are">The dogs of war <marker>is</marker> released.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token postag="NNS"/>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>was</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. You should probably use: <suggestion>were</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>The dogs of war <marker>are</marker> released.</example>
<example>The dog of war was released.</example>
<example correction="were">The dogs of war <marker>was</marker> released.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="A_HUNDREDS" name="a hundreds (hundred)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">a|one</token>
<token regexp="yes">hundreds|thousands|millions|billions|trillions|quadrillions</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. Consider using: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2" regexp_match="(.*)s" regexp_replace="$1"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="A hundred"><marker>A hundreds</marker> people were in the store.</example>
<example correction="One million"><marker>One millions</marker> ants were on the ground.</example>
<example>The dinosaurs began dying <marker>either thousands</marker> or millions of years ago.</example>
<example><marker>The thousands</marker> of students on campus when protesting.</example>
<example>It would go up to 21 millions by 1966.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="A_PLURAL" name="Agreement: 'a' + plural word">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">’|'|division|class|category|zone|formula|type|influenza|hepatitis|series</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag="NN:.*|NN|VBZ|NNP|CC|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z]+</exception> <!-- e.g. "a LAPS" -->
<exception regexp="yes">savings|headquarters|innings</exception> <!-- savings has singular concord according to OED; headquarters may as well -->
</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]|and</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/> <match no="3" postag="NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion> or simply <suggestion><match no="3"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="a criterion|criteria">I needed to use a text line as <marker>a criteria</marker> to select users for a list.</example>
<example>It is a criteria list that we prepared last night.</example>
<example>He was employed for a time by a Mrs. Reed.</example>
<example>There was a children's party at the Joneses yesterday.</example>
<example>A men's retailer opened in Florida.</example>
<example>Shi'a Muslims are nice.</example>
<example>The league created two A divisions.</example>
<example>Division A teams are the best.</example>
<example>Atlas District, an arts and entertainment district in the Near Northeast</example>
<example>"The murderer," wrote Schopenhauer, "who is condemned to death according to the law must, it is true, be now used as a mere means, and with complete right."</example>
<example>As a consequence, a LAPS is very similar in structure to an EIS sensor.</example>
<example>The batsman averaged almost 40 with the highlight being <marker>an innings</marker> of 125.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">’|'|division|class|category|zone|formula|type|influenza|hepatitis|series</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
<token max="2" postag="JJ"><exception regexp="yes">few|dozen|time</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NN|VBZ|NNP|CC|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">sometimes|savings|headquarters|innings</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]|and</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4" postag="NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="milestone">The Syria resolution was a major <marker>milestones</marker> for the United Nations.</example>
<example correction="milestone">The Syria resolution was an early major <marker>milestones</marker> for the United Nations.</example>
<example correction="woman">The average figure of a Korean <marker>women</marker> in her twenties</example>
<example correction="desk">I made a simple wooden <marker>desks</marker>. </example>
<example>Only half a dozen asteroids are larger than 87 Sylvia.</example>
<example>It's a ten minutes walk to the bus stop.</example>
<example>The only exception to this is that if a defendant appeals a conviction for a crime.</example>
<example>Three weeks later his last <marker>first-class innings</marker> brought him 62 for Victoria at Sydney.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ONE_PLURAL" name="Agreement: 'one' + plural word">
<!-- Similar to A_PLURAL except that we deal with other situations:
"one hundred and one items" and "fifty one items" -->
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|division|class|category|formula|number|type|series|and</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="CD">one</token>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag="NN:.*|NN|VBZ|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception regexp="yes">half-century|innings</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Don't use the numeral 'one' with plural words. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/> <match no="3" postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>, <suggestion><match no="3" postag="NN|NN:.*\+INDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>, or simply <suggestion><match no="3"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="one hexagon|a hexagon|hexagons">I drew <marker>one hexagons</marker> on my paper.</example>
<!-- TODO: This rule doesn't detect the following errors:
I had one shoes on my feet.
-->
<example correction="one hour|an hour|hours">I worked for <marker>one hours</marker>.</example>
<example>The paper is ruined when one <marker>pencils</marker> in their name.</example>
<example>It is a criteria list that we prepared last night.</example>
<example>He was employed for a time by a Mrs. Reed.</example>
<example>There was a children's party at the Joneses yesterday.</example>
<example>A men's retailer opened in Florida.</example>
<example>I have one hundred and one dollars.</example>
<example>I have fifty one dollars.</example>
<example>I throw the balls one by one.</example>
<example>Formula One teams are the best.</example>
<example>He was the first person in a half-century to succeed.</example>
<example>There was time for <marker>one innings</marker> more.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DIE_DICE" name="one die, two dice">
<!-- Not currently handled by ONE_PLURAL or A_PLURAL -->
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|division|class|category|formula|number|type|series|and</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">a|one</token>
<marker>
<token>dice</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>'die' is the singular form of 'dice'. Consider using <suggestion>die</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="die">I had a <marker>dice</marker> in my hand.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOOT_FEET" name="one foot, two feet">
<!-- Not currently handled by ONE_PLURAL or A_PLURAL -->
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|division|class|category|formula|number|type|series|and</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">a|one</token>
<marker>
<token>feet</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>'foot' is the singular form of 'feet'. Consider using <suggestion>foot</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="foot">I had a shoe on one <marker>feet</marker>.</example>
<example>I had a show on one foot.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MAN_MEN" name="one man, two men">
<!-- Not currently handled by ONE_PLURAL or A_PLURAL -->
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|division|class|category|formula|number|type|series|and</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">a|one</token>
<marker>
<token>men</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>'man' is the singular form of 'men'. Consider using <suggestion>man</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="man">A <marker>men</marker> walked in to the room.</example>
<example>A <marker>man</marker> walked into the room.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WOMAN_WOMEN" name="one woman, two women">
<!-- Not currently handled by ONE_PLURAL or A_PLURAL -->
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|division|class|category|formula|number|type|series|and</exception><exception postag="CD"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">a|one</token>
<marker>
<token>women</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>'woman' is the singular form of 'women'. Consider using <suggestion>woman</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="woman">A <marker>women</marker> walked in to the room.</example>
<example>A <marker>woman</marker> walked into the room.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT" name="Agreement: 'have' + past/present tense">
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>had</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>had</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token regexp="yes">ve|s</token>
<marker>
<token>go</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="VB.?" postag_regexp="yes">ha[ds]|(?:ha)?ve</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|NN:U.*|JJ.*|RB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VBG"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Use past participle here: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>I must have done that.</example>
<example correction="written">I must have <marker>wrote</marker> that.</example>
<example>I have liked her.</example>
<example>It has become difficult.</example>
<example>We have air conditioning.</example>
<example correction="modified">I've <marker>modify</marker> this.</example>
<example>We do not have soap.</example>
<example>We have soap.</example>
<example>We do have soap.</example>
<example>In the Sahara region some oases have palm trees.</example>
<example>I had curry and rice last night.</example>
<example>It had feature limitations such as...</example>
<example correction="written">I could have <marker>wrote</marker> this letter.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="VB.?" postag_regexp="yes">ha[ds]|(?:ha)?ve</token>
<token postag="RB"><exception>no</exception><exception postag="IN|RP|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|RB|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VBG"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error -- use past participle here: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I have always done that.</example>
<example correction="written">I must have always <marker>wrote</marker> that.</example>
<example>I have always liked her.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="VB.?" postag_regexp="yes">ha[ds]|(?:ha)?ve</token>
<token>not</token>
<token postag="RB"><exception>no</exception><exception postag="IN|RP|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|RB|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VBG"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error -- use past participle here: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I have always done that.</example>
<example correction="written">I have not always <marker>wrote</marker> that.</example>
<example>I have always liked her.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="VB.?" postag_regexp="yes">ha[ds]|(?:ha)?ve</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error – use past participle here: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="liked">I have <marker>like</marker> her.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">ha[ds]|have</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error – use past participle here: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="liked">Have you <marker>like</marker> her?</example>
<example>Have you liked Dutch jazz music?</example>
<example>Have you seen her?</example>
<example>Have you thought of any good plans?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">ha[ds]|have</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error – use past participle here: <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="done">What have you <marker>did</marker>?</example>
<example>What have you seen?</example>
<example correction="been">Where have you <marker>were</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="VB.?" postag_regexp="yes">ha[ds]|(?:ha)?ve</token>
<marker>
<token>went</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Note: <match no="2"/> is a past participle of "wend". Did you mean <suggestion>gone</suggestion> (past participle of "go")?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>We do have soap.</example>
<example correction="gone">I could have <marker>went</marker> to Italy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">ha[ds]|have</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token>went</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Note: "went" is a past participle of "wend". Did you mean <suggestion>gone</suggestion> (past participle of "go")?</message>
<example correction="gone">Have you <marker>went</marker> to Italy?</example>
<example>Have you liked Dutch jazz music?</example>
<example>Have you seen her?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">ha[ds]|have</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token>went</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Note: "went" is a past participle of "wend". Did you mean <suggestion>gone</suggestion> (past participle of "go")?</message>
<example correction="gone">Where have you <marker>went</marker>?</example>
<example>What have you seen?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT" name="Agreement: 'been' or 'was' + past tense">
<antipattern>
<token>does</token>
<token>is</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">been|was|were|is|are|am<exception scope="previous" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VBP?" negate="yes" regexp="yes">have|has</exception><exception postag='NNP'/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|NN:U.*|JJ.*|RB|IN" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">are|am</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using a past participle here: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="introduced">The software was <marker>introduce</marker> yesterday.</example>
<example correction="introduced">The program has been <marker>introduce</marker>.</example>
<example correction="given">The gift has been <marker>gave</marker>.</example>
<example>The park has been open for many years.</example>
<example>It has been done.</example>
<example>It has been love's whip.</example>
<example correction="done">He has been <marker>did</marker> this.</example>
<example>All you have to do is go and ask.</example>
<example>The other patrons were taxi drivers.</example>
<example>All she does is eat.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">been|was|were|is|are|am<exception scope="previous" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VBP?" negate="yes" regexp="yes">have|has</exception><exception postag='NNP'/></token>
<token postag="RB"><exception regexp="yes">in|t?here</exception><exception postag="VBN|JJ.*|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBD|VBP|VB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|JJ.*|IN|RB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception><exception postag="VBN"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using a past participle here: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example>It has always been hated.</example>
<example>The area the center of which is here was bombed.</example>
<example correction="written">I must have been always <marker>wrote</marker> that.</example>
<example correction="hated">The president was always <marker>hate</marker> in Moscow.</example>
<example>It has always been liked.</example>
<example>As they are differentially <marker>phase</marker> modulated...</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="MASS_AGREEMENT" name="Agreement: Mass/singular noun + non-third person verb">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="NN|NNP|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">A|An|In|I|No|Most|Here</exception><exception postag="JJ|MD|NNS|NNPS|CC|WRB|IN|VB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token chunk="B-VP" postag="VB|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBZ|VBN|VBD|VBG|IN|RB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="DT|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="is">Marketing <marker>are</marker> bad for you.</example>
<example correction="means">Marketing <marker>mean</marker> a lot of trouble.</example>
<example correction="is">Jim <marker>are</marker> good.</example>
<example>I think it is bad for you.</example>
<example>Reporting sample size analysis is generally required in psychology.</example>
<example>Most have four limbs except for caecilians.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token>that</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"><exception regexp="yes">these|those</exception></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|MD|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">rest|latter|jury|committee|government|might</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBZ|VBN|VBD|VBG|JJ|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="DT|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="is">The marketing <marker>are</marker> bad for you.</example>
<example>The city is an international transport hub and a popular tourist destination.</example>
<example>Those wanting are the Canines.</example>
<example>The rest are arriving later.</example>
<example>The committee are all against it.</example>
<example>An evening glow often promises good weather.</example>
<example>An export pipeline that transports Caspian oil.</example>
<!-- example type="incorrect">The city is popular, and this marketing <marker>are</marker> bad for you.</example -->
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="DT"><exception regexp="yes">these|those</exception></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|MD|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">rest|latter|jury|committee|government|might</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBZ|VBN|VBD|VBG|JJ|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END" regexp="yes">[.!]</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="eats">The dog <marker>eat</marker>.</example>
<example>The committee are all against it.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PERS_PRONOUN_AGREEMENT_SENT_START" name="Agreement: 'I is / you is / ... ' (at sentence start only)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>I</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">is|be</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>am</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I <marker>ate</marker> at the restaurant.</example>
<example correction="am">I <marker>is</marker> at the restaurant.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>I</token>
<marker>
<token>are</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>am</suggestion> or <suggestion>ate</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="am|ate">I <marker>are</marker> at the restaurant.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>I</token>
<marker>
<token>were</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>was</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I <marker>ate</marker> at the restaurant.</example>
<example>I <marker>am</marker> at the restaurant.</example>
<example correction="was">I <marker>were</marker> at the restaurant.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>You</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">am|is|was</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Use second person verb with 'you': <suggestion>are</suggestion> or <suggestion>were</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="are|were">You <marker>is</marker> too old for that.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">s?he</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">were|be|am|are</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Use third-person verb with '<match no="2"/>': <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion> or <suggestion>was</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="is|was">He <marker>were</marker> too old for that.</example>
<example correction="is|was">She <marker>were</marker> too old for that.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>We</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">am|is|was</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Use first person plural verb with 'we': <suggestion>are</suggestion>, <suggestion>were</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="are|were">We <marker>is</marker> too old for that.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>They</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">am|is|was</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Use third-person plural verb with 'they': <suggestion>are</suggestion>, <suggestion>were</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="are|were">They <marker>is</marker> too old for that.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- TODO: is this really an error? see http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/ADVERBS10.cfm
<rule id="ADVERBS_ORDER" name="word order: adverb + auxiliary verb + main verb">
<pattern mark_from="2"><token regexp="yes">certainly|definitely|probably|undoubtedly|surely</token><token regexp="yes">has|had|have|will</token><token postag="VBN|VB"/>/pattern>
<message>Place the adverb between </message>
<example>He will <em>probably</em> remember tomorrow.</example>
<example type="incorrect">He <em>probably</em> will remember tomorrow.</example>
</rule>
-->
<!-- TODO: too many false alarms, e.g. I am convinced that our suggestions...
<rule id="I_A_NONBASE" name="'I am' + non-gerund form">
<pattern mark_from="2"><token regexp="yes">I</token><token regexp="yes">am</token><token postag="VB|VBD|VBN|VBP|VBZ"/>/pattern>
<message>You might need to use the gerund form of the verb here (e.g. 'learning' instead of 'learn').</message>
<example>I am <em>searching</em> through some fields.</example>
<example type="incorrect">I am <em>searched</em> through some fields.</example>
</rule>
-->
<rule id="TO_NON_BASE" name="'to' + non-base form">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[DGNPZ]?"/>
<token min="0">not</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception>is</exception><exception postag="NNS|NNP|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb after "to" should be in the base form: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He spoke to chosen people.</example>
<example>Morocco's disputed claim to portions of western Algeria</example>
<example correction="learn">I was surprised to <marker>learns</marker> this.</example>
<example correction="laugh">He tried not to <marker>laughs</marker>.</example>
<example>He spoke to chosen people.</example>
<example>You are to report at 5am.</example>
<example>It is important to make this explicit.</example>
<example>I've been trying to call you.</example>
<example>She wants you to go.</example>
<example>He has been wanting very much to meet you.</example>
<example>Whichever college he wants to go to is fine with me.</example>
<!-- FIXME: 'says' is NNS -->
<!-- example correction="say">What would it have to <marker>says</marker>?</example -->
<example correction="learn">I was surprised to <marker>learns</marker> this.</example>
<!-- 'gets' is NNS
example correction="get">She is manipulating her father to <marker>gets</marker> her way.</example -->
</rule>
<rulegroup id="MANY_FEW_UNCOUNTABLE" name="'many/few' + uncountable noun, e.g. 'many (much) food'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">many|few</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN:U"/>
<token>as</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>much</suggestion> or <suggestion>little</suggestion> with uncountable nouns.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem with uncountable noun</short>
<example correction="much|little">John eats as <marker>many</marker> food as Peter.</example>
<example correction="much|little">John eats as <marker>few</marker> food as Peter.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- TODO: more uncountable nouns -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">many|few</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">air|food|freedom|furniture|information|intelligence|knowledge|life|maturity|meat|money|news|sand|software|success|water</token>
<token><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>much</suggestion> or <suggestion>little</suggestion> with uncountable nouns.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem with uncountable noun</short>
<example>There are <marker>many</marker> food plants.</example>
<example correction="much|little">She has <marker>many</marker> money.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!--
"an information" is used in the legal US jargon, deleting
longer list but not checked thoroughly:
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/7583/ncntlist.html
-->
<rulegroup id="A_UNCOUNTABLE" name="Articles: a + uncountable noun">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">accommodation|advice|access|baggage|bread|damage|equipment|garbage|luggage|money|cattle|sand|furniture|meat|food|news|pasta|progress|research|water|freedom|maturity|intelligence|travel|pollution|traffic|transport|patience</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RP|VBZ|IN|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Uncountable noun with an article</short>
<example><marker>The information</marker> in your files is correct.</example>
<example><marker>An intelligence</marker> service is known to be corrupt here.</example>
<example correction="Accommodation"><marker>An accommodation</marker> is too expensive.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- only for 'knowledge', but not 'knowledge of', which occasionally takes an article -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>a</token>
<token>knowledge</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RP|VBZ|IN|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">of|about</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Uncountable noun with an article</short>
<example>A knowledge of accounting was necessary for the job.</example>
<example correction="Knowledge"><marker>A knowledge</marker> is power.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception>little</exception></token>
<!-- note: 'food' is not included here, as 'a particular food' is considered standard English, see http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/taste_1 -->
<token regexp="yes">accommodation|advice|access|baggage|bread|damage|equipment|garbage|luggage|money|cattle|sand|furniture|meat|news|pasta|progress|water|freedom|maturity|intelligence|travel|pollution|traffic|transport|patience</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RP|VBZ|IN|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply <suggestion>\2 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Uncountable noun with an article</short>
<example><marker>The information</marker> in your files is correct.</example>
<example>I have a little money.</example>
<example><marker>An intelligence</marker> service is known to be corrupt here.</example>
<example correction="Nice accommodation"><marker>A nice accommodation</marker> is too expensive.</example>
<example>This was mentioned in a German research.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- only for 'knowledge', but not 'knowledge of', which occasionally takes an article -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>a</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception>little</exception></token>
<token>knowledge</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RP|VBZ|IN|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">of|about</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply <suggestion>\2 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Uncountable noun with an article</short>
<example>Knowledge is power.</example>
<example>A little knowledge of accounting was necessary for the job.</example>
<example correction="Good knowledge"><marker>A good knowledge</marker> is power.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token postag="JJ|RB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>little</exception></token>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<token regexp="yes">accommodation|advice|access|baggage|bread|damage|equipment|garbage|luggage|money|cattle|sand|furniture|meat|food|news|pasta|progress|research|water|freedom|maturity|intelligence|travel|pollution|traffic|transport|patience</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RP|VBZ|IN|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply <suggestion>\2 \3 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Uncountable noun with an article</short>
<example><marker>The information</marker> in your files is correct.</example>
<example>My wife's part-time job brings in a little extra money.</example>
<example><marker>An intelligence</marker> service is known to be corrupt here.</example>
<example correction="Very nice accommodation"><marker>A very nice accommodation</marker> is too expensive.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- only for 'knowledge', but not 'knowledge of', which occasionally takes an article -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>a</token>
<token postag="JJ|RB" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<token>knowledge</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RP|VBZ|IN|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">of|about</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply <suggestion>\2 \3 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Uncountable noun with an article</short>
<example>A very little knowledge of accounting was necessary for the job.</example>
<example correction="Very good knowledge"><marker>A very good knowledge</marker> is too time-consuming.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="MOST_SOME_OF_NNS" name="Articles: 'most/some of' + plural noun">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">most|some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="NNS" regexp="yes">\p{Lower}+<exception postag="PRP$"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>After '\1 of', you should use 'the' (<suggestion>\1 \2 the \3</suggestion>) or simply say <suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>Some of his students do their homework.</example>
<example correction="Most of the students|Most students"><marker>Most of students</marker> do their homework.</example>
<example>Buy a collection of most of Rand's works in a CD-ROM format.</example>
<example><marker>Some of the students</marker> do their homework.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="HAVE_A_BREAKFAST" name="Articles before nouns used normally without them">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|the</token>
<token regexp="yes">breakfast|lunch|dinner</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>of</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>When we speak of types of meals, the article is not required: <suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="had breakfast">We <marker>had a breakfast</marker> in the hotel restaurant.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" skip="-1">invite<exception scope="next" postag="[;:]" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|the</token>
<token regexp="yes">breakfast|lunch|dinner</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>of</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>When we speak of types of meals, the article is not required: <suggestion>\2 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>We were invited today to lunch in the hotel restaurant.</example>
<example correction="to dinner">Ray and Helen have invited us out <marker>to a dinner</marker> in the hotel restaurant.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" skip="-1">go<exception scope="next" postag="[;:,]" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token>for</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|the</token>
<token regexp="yes">breakfast|lunch|dinner</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>of</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>When we speak of types of meals, the article is not required: <suggestion>\2 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>We were invited today to lunch in the hotel restaurant.</example>
<example correction="for dinner">Ray and Helen went with us <marker>for a dinner</marker> in the hotel restaurant.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="IN_1990s" name="Missing definite article in the date">
<url>http://pl.talkenglish.com/Grammar/articles.aspx</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>in|during</token>
<token regexp='yes'>(1[89]|20)\d0s</token>
</pattern>
<message>The article is probably missing here: <suggestion><match no="1"/> the <match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Missing article</short>
<example correction="in the 1990s">It happened <marker>in 1990s</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>in|during</token>
<token regexp='yes'>(1[89]|20)\d0</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token spacebefore="no">s</token>
</pattern>
<message>The article is probably missing here: <suggestion><match no="1"/> the <match no="2"/><match no="3"/><match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Missing article</short>
<example correction="in the 1990's">It happened <marker>in 1990's</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="IN_PAST" name="Missing definite article referring to a time period">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp='yes'>past|future</token>
</marker>
<token regexp='yes'>[,\.:;]</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean: <suggestion><match no="1"/> the <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://pl.talkenglish.com/Grammar/articles.aspx</url>
<short>Missing definite article</short>
<example correction="in the past">Something happened <marker>in past</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- needs more and more tweaking;
currently the last exception in all rules is a simplification,
it should be more recursive, i.e., there one more rule for all current rules, structured like this:
... NN !NN.*|JJ.*, ... NN JJ !NN.*|JJ.* -->
<rulegroup default="off" id="ARTICLE_MISSING" name="Articles: article missing before a countable noun">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT|JJ|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="VBP|VBZ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">do|does|take[s]*|give[s]*|says|go|goes|becomes</exception><exception postag="NN.*|JJ.*|POS.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|RB.*|RP|JJ.*|IN|CC|CD|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|NNPS|PRP.*|WRB|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a friend|the friend">He is <marker>friend</marker>.</example>
<example>He is a friend.</example>
<example>He is my friend.</example>
<example>This is Chapter 2.</example>
<example>Depict one's immersion with the world.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT|JJ|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">do|does</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WRB|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CC|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|VB|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a lot|the lot">He does <marker>lot</marker> of things.</example>
<example>He does need us.</example>
<example>We do have this kind of attitude.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT|JJ|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">take|takes</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception regexp="yes">place|charge</exception><exception postag="DT|WRB|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CC|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example>He takes his brother to school.</example>
<example>The event takes place here.</example>
<example correction="a brother|the brother">He takes <marker>brother</marker> with him.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT|JJ|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">give|gives</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception regexp="yes">rise|way|room|vent|rein</exception><exception postag="DT|WRB|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CC|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example>He gives his brother a bar of chocolate.</example>
<example>This event gives rise to a new era.</example>
<example correction="a brother|the brother">He gives <marker>brother</marker> a bar of chocolate.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT|JJ|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">go|goes</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception>hand</exception><exception postag="DT|WRB|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CC|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a step|the step">He goes <marker>step</marker> too far.</example>
<example>He goes a step too far.</example>
<example>This goes <marker>hand</marker> in hand...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT|JJ|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">falls|fall</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception>victim</exception><exception postag="DT|WRB|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CC|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a tad|the tad">It falls <marker>tad</marker>.</example>
<example>Inflation falls a tad.</example>
<example>The website falls <marker>victim</marker> to...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="VBP|VBZ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception>else</exception><exception postag="VB|RP|RB|CD|IN|CC|MD|VBD|VBN|VBG|DT|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|DT|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NN[SP]|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>are</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/> <match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a good friend|the good friend">He is <marker>good friend</marker>.</example>
<example>He is a good friend.</example>
<example>It may require strong AI to be done as well as humans can do it.</example>
</rule>
<!-- this accounts for: I have experienced series... -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="PRP|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">have|has|had</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBN"><exception postag="VB|RP|WRB|RB|CD|IN|CC|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|DT|WDT|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NN[SP]|PRP" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>are</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3"/> <match no="4" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="experienced a problem|experienced the problem">Recently I have <marker>experienced problem</marker>.</example>
<example>Recently I have <marker>experienced a problem</marker>.</example>
<example>Different as our minds are, yours has nourished mine.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="PRP|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">have|has|had</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBN"><exception postag="VB|RP|WRB|RB|CD|IN|CC|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VB|RP|WRB|RB|CD|IN|CC|MD|DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|DT|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>are</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3"/> <match no="4" postag="+DT"/> <match no="5"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="experienced a serious problem|experienced the serious problem">Recently I have <marker>experienced serious problem</marker>.</example>
<example>Recently I have <marker>experienced a serious problem</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- and now "an experienced soldier" -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="PRP.*|NN.*|DT|JJ.*|RB.*|CC|IN|VBG|WRB|WDT|WP\$?|UNKNOWN" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">one|have|ha[sd]|appointed|called|s|\"|[0-9].*|[,\'.\(\[]</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>else</exception><exception postag="VB|RP|WRB|RB|CD|IN|CC|MD|NNP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>called</exception></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|DT|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNS|NNPS|NNP|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>are</exception><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="an experienced soldier|the experienced soldier">He is <marker>experienced soldier</marker>.</example>
<example>He is <marker>an experienced soldier</marker>.</example>
<example>Last year Beyeler arranged to sell $1,500,000.</example>
<example>At least one white student at Georgia got through this ritual.</example>
<example>In October 1944, he was appointed state warden and chief of the Forest Fire Section.</example>
<example>The typical U.S. daily menu, says Dr. Keys, contains 3,000 calories</example>
<example>I find the cleaner, less razor-edged monophonic version more interesting.</example>
<example>Majestic Pick comes next.</example>
</rule>
<!-- an extremely experienced soldier -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="PRP|NNP|DT|JJ|PRP\$|RB.*|CC|WDT|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">then|have|ha[sd]|s|\"|[0-9].*|[\',\(\[]</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="RB.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB|RP|CD|IN|CC|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">not|only|also</exception></token>
<token postag="VBN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB|RP.*|RB|CD|IN|CC|MD|DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="WDT|CC|DT|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>are</exception><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/> <match no="3"/> <match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="an extremely experienced soldier|the extremely experienced soldier">He is <marker>extremely experienced soldier</marker>.</example>
<example>There is only one catch to this idyllic arrangement.</example>
<example>He is <marker>an extremely experienced soldier</marker>.</example>
<example>Nearby Foggy Bottom is ousting Negroes.</example>
<example>Cousin Emma is alone in that big old house and won't hear to parting from it.</example>
</rule>
<!-- this rule needs to be expanded to all prepositions
so that exceptions could be accounted for properly, i.e.,
'at home' vs. 'a tourist home'; 'for example' vs. 'an example for you' -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|UH|DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJS|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">least|(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="an airport|the airport">He was waiting at <marker>airport</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting at <marker>the airport</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>glance</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a new airport|the new airport">He was waiting at <marker>new airport</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting at <marker>the new airport</marker>.</example>
<example>It appeared as something she could not at first cope with.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token/>
<token regexp="yes">[Bb]y</token>
<marker>
<and>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|UH|DT|WDT|RB|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJS|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">bit|step|example|\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token negate="yes"><match no="0"/></token>
</and>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a river|the river">He was waiting by <marker>river</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting by <marker>the river</marker>.</example>
<example>The attack minute by minute</example>
<example>He works by <marker>day</marker>.</example>
<example>$30,000 state grant authorized by Gov. Vandiver</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>by</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>fiat</exception><exception regexp="yes">bit|step|way|example|dint|crook|hook|hand|machine|word|cheque|accident|day|means|mistake|name|train|rail|railway|coach|bus|boat|automobile|helicopter|taxi|ambulance|plane|airplane|foot|section|article|page|road|letter|phone|telephone|mail|storm|arrangement|satellite|decree|year-end|lot|profession|district|week|eye|covenant|fiat|ship|car|jowl|tramway|(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a small river|the small river">He was waiting by <marker>small river</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting by <marker>the small river</marker>.</example>
<example>Guests came by chartered plane from all over the country.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="UH|CC|VBD|VBG|VBN|DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJS|JJR|RBS|MD|NNP|NNS|WRB|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">are|(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="an answer|the answer">He was waiting for <marker>answer</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting for <marker>your answer</marker>.</example>
<example><marker>For example</marker>, he wrote a letter to me.</example>
<example>The data for boy 34 appear in Figure 3.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VBG|VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a swift answer|the swift answer">He was waiting for <marker>swift answer</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting for <marker>your swift answer</marker>.</example>
<example><marker>For example</marker>, he wrote a letter to me.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">day|week</token>
<token spacebefore="yes">in</token>
<marker>
<and>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="VBG|DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJS|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NN[PS]|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">word|(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token negate="yes"><match no="0"/></token>
</and>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|JJ|C[DC]" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">\d+|['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a kitchen|the kitchen">The dog spent all day in <marker>kitchen</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting in the <marker>lobby</marker>.</example>
<example>I have exhausted myself day in day out</example>
<example><marker>In fact</marker>, he wrote a letter to me.</example>
<example>Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty (221-207 B.C.)</example>
<example>American technology in engine and hull design is excellent.</example>
<example>22% of his total list as against 3.5% in mine.</example>
<example>In the system shown in Fig. 7-1, the accelerometer output is amplified.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- day in day out ignored above, checking for 'day' and 'week' -->
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">day|week</exception></token>
<token>in</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="VBG|DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJS|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">word|(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|JJ|C[DC]" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">\d+</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a lobby|the lobby">He was waiting in <marker>lobby</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting in the <marker>lobby</marker>.</example>
<example correction="a week|the week">Later in <marker>week</marker>.</example>
<example><marker>In fact</marker>, he wrote a letter to me.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="NNP|VBG|VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WDT|RP|JJ.*|IN|CD|RB.*|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|NNPS|PRP.*|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|JJ|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">\d+</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a large lobby|the large lobby">He was waiting in <marker>large lobby</marker>.</example>
<example>He was waiting in the <marker>large lobby</marker>.</example>
<example><marker>In fact</marker>, he wrote a letter to me.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on -->
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>on</token>
<marker>
<token>autopilot</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|UH|DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJS|JJR|RB.*|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a covenant|the covenant">ACET would not be able to reclaim tax on <marker>covenant</marker>.</example>
<example>Rob Brydon is Keith and Steve Coogan plays Geoff, seen for the first time on screen</example>
<example>There is no science on how we are going to adapt.</example>
<example>I worked the last hour of my shift on autopilot.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VBG|VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|DT|WDT|RP|JJ.*|IN|CD|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="+DT"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a previous page|the previous page">This remark is on <marker>previous page</marker>.</example>
<example>This remark is on <marker>the previous page</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!--after, with exception for phrases like 'anecdote after anecdote' (x after x); FIXME: first two tokens should be replaced with a chunk <DT+VBN> marked in a disambig-->
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="VBN|VBD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token>after</token>
<marker>
<and>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|UH|DT|WDT|RP|JJ.*|IN|CD|RB.*|VBD|VBZ|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|NNPS|PRP.*|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token negate="yes"><match no="1"/></token>
</and>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article is probably missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a week|the week">Change your filter after <marker>week</marker>.</example>
<example>Change your filter after one week.</example>
<example>He told me anecdote after anecdote of that extraordinary man.</example>
<example>Soon after Loper leaked the news that Frankie had ordered two...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- to exclude phrases like: 'the turned up card' -->
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="VBN|VBD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="IN"><exception regexp="yes">as|at|by|for|in|on|to|of|following|than|after</exception><exception postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|UH|DT|WDT|RP|JJ.*|IN|CD|RB.*|VBD|VBZ|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS|NNPS|PRP.*|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article is probably missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a friend|the friend">He is talking about <marker>friend</marker>.</example>
<example>He is talking about a friend.</example>
<example>Then Jesus arrived at Jordan from Galilee.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="DT|WDT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="VBN|VBD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="IN"><exception regexp="yes">as|at|by|for|in|on|to|of|following|re</exception><exception postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VBG|VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="+DT"/> <match no="5"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a good friend|the good friend">He is talking about <marker>good friend</marker>.</example>
<example>He is talking about a good friend.</example>
<example>Goodis voiced his objection before City Council's Finance Committee.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- to include phrases like: 'About a month ago, ...'
this kind of rules should be added for all above
prepositions with exceptions -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="IN"><exception regexp="yes">as|at|by|for|in|on|to|of|following</exception><exception postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="CC|UH|DT|WDT|RP|JJ.*|IN|CD|RB.*|VBD|VBN|MD|NN[PS]|NNPS|PRP.*|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">(?iu)\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|JJ|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a month|the month">About <marker>month</marker> before I left it was discussed...</example>
<example>About <marker>a month</marker> before I left it was discussed...</example>
<example>During Oersted's attendance at the university, it was dull.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- to include phrases like: 'About a long month ago,...' -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="IN"><exception regexp="yes">as|at|by|for|in|on|to|of|following</exception><exception postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VBG|VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|JJ|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+DT"/> <match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a large boat|the large boat">About <marker>large boat</marker>.</example>
<example>About <marker>a large boat</marker>.</example>
<example>During fiscal year 1959, six courses were conducted.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">no|any|every</exception><exception postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token>such</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+INDT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a friend">He is talking of such <marker>friend</marker>.</example>
<example>He is talking of such a friend.</example>
<example>The most famous such organism is Amoeba proteus.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">no|any|every</exception></token>
<token>such</token>
<marker>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="VBG|VB|WRB|RB.*|CD|IN|DT|WDT|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="DT|WDT|RP|JJ|IN|CD|JJR|RBS|VBD|VBN|MD|NNP|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>free</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The article might be missing before the noun: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+INDT"/> <match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Article missing</short>
<example correction="a good friend">He is talking of such <marker>good friend</marker>.</example>
<example>He is talking of such a good friend.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ALLOW_TO" name="'allow' + 'to' + infinitive">
<url>http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/gerund_or_infinitive.php</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*">allow|advise|authorize|cause|challenge|convince|encourage|force|hire|inform|instruct|invite|order|permit|persuade|remind|require|teach|tell|train|urge<exception postag="VBN"/><exception scope="previous" postag="PRP\$|JJ|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VBP"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, '<match no="1" postag="VB"/>' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem: use gerund</short>
<example correction="seeing">It allows <marker>to see</marker> better.</example>
<example>They are forbidden to fly without specific orders to proceed to their targets.</example>
<example>He was allowed to build an ambitious garden.</example>
<example>General Don Carlos Buell likewise refused orders to move the Army of the Ohio against rebel forces.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" skip="-1"><exception inflected="yes" postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" scope="next">be</exception></token>
<token>allowed</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VBP"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'allow' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem: use gerund</short>
<example correction="seeing">It allowed <marker>to see</marker> better.</example>
<example>It allows seeing better.</example>
<example>He was allowed to build an ambitious garden.</example>
<example>He was eventually allowed to go to Tehran near the end of 1838-39.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="AFFORD_VBG" name="'afford', 'choose', 'deserve', 'pretend', 'learn', 'strive' and 'struggle' used with gerund instead of infinitive">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">afford|choose|deserve|pretend|strive|struggle|learn</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>If this is used as a verb, it usually requires the infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He didn't deserve to lose his job.</example>
<example correction="to spend">We cannot afford <marker>spending</marker> the whole month in Alps.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">afford|choose|deserve|pretend|strive|struggle|learn</token>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>If this is used as a verb, it usually requires the infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to spend">We cannot afford not <marker>spending</marker> the whole month in Alps.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ADMIT_ENJOY_VB" name="'admit', 'appreciate', 'avoid', 'enjoy' etc. with a base form of a verb">
<url>http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/gerund_or_infinitive.php</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes">admit|appreciate|avoid|delay|practice|risk|deny|discuss|imagine|recommend|suggest|dislike|keep|tolerate|enjoy|mind|miss|resent|finish|postpone|resist<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">of|be</exception></token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"><exception postag="NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the gerund form: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="3" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="enjoy running">I <marker>enjoy to run</marker>.</example>
<example>A three-man committee has recommended to Commission Chairman Charles O. Emmerich...</example>
<example>Although Peter also seems happy on the surface, he admits to <marker>Ken</marker> that he isn't sure they are ready.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes">regret</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"><exception postag="NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">say|inform|tell|announce|state|learn|report|note|hear|mention|advise</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the gerund form: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="3" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I regret saying this.</example>
<example correction="regret reading">I <marker>regret to read</marker> this book.</example>
<example>Dear Madam, I regret to say that you are dead.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" postag="VB.*" regexp="yes" postag_regexp="yes">consider|report|understand<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">be|,</exception></token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"><exception postag="NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">be|have|include</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the gerund form: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="3" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>They were a vagabond lot and considered to be shady and undesirable characters.</example>
<example>The lethal dose for adult zebrafish has been reported to be as high as 40 Gy.</example>
<example>"Anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos, "man", understood to mean humankind or humanity, and -logia (-λογία).</example>
<example correction="consider running">I <marker>consider to run</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|get</token>
<marker>
<token>accustomed</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the gerund form: <suggestion><match no="2"/> <match no="3"/> <match no="4" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I am accustomed to hearing non-sense.</example>
<example correction="accustomed to running">I am <marker>accustomed to run</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|s?he|we|they</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|get</token>
<marker>
<token>used</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the gerund form: <suggestion><match no="3"/> <match no="4"/> <match no="5" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I used to enjoy running.</example>
<example>When used with the infinitive, however, these verbs can be used to speak about something that hasn't happened yet.</example>
<example correction="used to running">I am <marker>used to run</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|s?he|we|they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token regexp="yes">[sm]|re</token>
<marker>
<token>used</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the gerund form: <suggestion><match no="4"/> <match no="5"/> <match no="6" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I used to enjoy running.</example>
<example>When used with the infinitive, however, these verbs can be used to speak about something that hasn't happened yet.</example>
<example correction="used to running">I'm <marker>used to run</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">look</token>
<token>forward</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"><exception postag="NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is used with the gerund form: <suggestion><match no="3"/> <match no="4" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>But he was looking forward to snow.</example>
<example correction="to seeing">I look forward <marker>to see</marker> you.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ADVISE_VBG" name="'advise', 'help' and 'remind' used with gerund instead of infinitive">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">advise|remind</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Verbs 'advise' and 'remind' are used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He reminded to stay calm.</example>
<example correction="to stay">He advised <marker>staying</marker> calm.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">advise|remind</token>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Verbs 'advise' and 'remind' are used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to stay">He advised not <marker>staying</marker> calm.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">advise|remind</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Verbs 'advise' and 'remind' are used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He helped us to get on the bus.</example>
<example correction="to stay">He advised us <marker>staying</marker> calm.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">advise|remind</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Verbs 'advise' and 'remind' are used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="4" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to stay">He advised us not <marker>staying</marker> calm.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">couldn|can</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>help</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>cannot</token>
<token>help</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>could</token>
<token>not</token>
<token>help</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"><exception postag='NN:U'/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'help' is used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>But she could not help thinking there must be more to come.</example>
<example>Also because when you're interested in something then it helps learning because you're familiar with it.</example>
<example correction="to carry|carry">All he did was to help <marker>carrying</marker> the bags.</example>
<example correction="to carry|carry">He helped <marker>carrying</marker> the bags.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- FIXME: 'cannot help but not like' is one negation too many -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token><exception>cannot</exception></token>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'help' is used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="5" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to buy">He helped not <marker>buying</marker> some crap.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">couldn|can</exception></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|could</exception></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">t|cannot|not</exception></token>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'help' is used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="6" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to carry">All he did was to help not <marker>carrying</marker> the bags.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token><exception>cannot</exception></token>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'help' is used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="5" postag="VB"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to get|get">He helped us <marker>getting</marker> on the bus.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">couldn|can</exception></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|could</exception></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">t|cannot|not</exception></token>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'help' is used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="6" postag="VB"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="6" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to get|get">All he did was to help us <marker>getting</marker> on the bus.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token><exception>cannot</exception></token>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'help' is used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="6" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to stay">He helped us not <marker>staying</marker> calm.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">couldn|can</exception></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|could</exception></token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">t|cannot|not</exception></token>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'help' is used with infinitive: <suggestion>to <match no="7" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="to stay">All he did was to help us not <marker>staying</marker> calm.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PROGRESSIVE_VERBS" name="Progressive forms of non-progressive verbs (doubt, believe, understand)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="1" postag="RB"/>
<token inflected="yes" postag="VBG" regexp="yes">doubt|believe|imagine|know|(dis)?like|love|hate|prefer|reali[zs]e|recogni[sz]e|remember|suppose|understand|want|wish|appear|hear|seem|smell|sound|taste|agree|deny|disagree|impress|mean|please|promise|satisfy|belong|concern|consist|contain|depend|deserve|involve|matter|need|own|possess</token>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is normally not used in the progressive form. Try a simple form instead.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I doubt.</example>
<example correction="">I <marker>am doubting</marker>.</example>
<example correction="">I <marker>am not understanding</marker> whether my mails...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>am</token>
<token min="0" max="1" postag="RB"/>
<token regexp="yes">astonishing|surprising|lacking|fitting</token>
</pattern>
<message>This verb is normally not used in the progressive form. Try a simple form instead.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I am surprised.</example>
<example correction="">I <marker>am surprising</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="THIS_NNS" name="'this' vs. 'these'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>this</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="VBZ|NN|NN:UN|NN:U|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>data</exception></token>
<token><exception postag="NNP?|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>these</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="These"><marker>This</marker> errors are easy to fix.</example>
<example>This forms a sharp contract with...</example>
<example>I cannot lift this stone.</example>
<example>This fish is big.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">these|those</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">these|those</token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB[ZGN]|NNS|JJ.*|VBP|MD|CD|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>are</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>this <match no="2"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2" postag="NNS"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>These are errors.</example>
<example correction="This kind|These kinds"><marker>These kind</marker> of errors are easy to fix.</example>
<example correction="This error|These errors"><marker>These error</marker> are easy to fix.</example>
<example>This forms a sharp contract with...</example>
<example>These eleven authors are right.</example>
<example>Those illustrated are reminiscent of a circus top.</example>
<example>These food storage workers are called repletes.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>this</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">are|were</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>these</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="These"><marker>This</marker> are errors.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">these|those</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>this</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>These are errors.</example>
<example correction="This"><marker>These</marker> was an error.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="A_MUCH_NN1" name="Superfluous article before 'much', e.g. 'a much work'">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>a</token>
<token>much</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN|NN:U|NN:UN" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJR"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Maybe you should omit the article 'a', leaving only <suggestion>much</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="much">This will be <marker>a much</marker> work.</example>
<example>These concerns now seem a much bolder move.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MOST_SUPERLATIVE" name="No 'more' or 'most' before superlatives">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">more|most</token>
<token postag="JJS|RBS" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Use only <suggestion>\2</suggestion> (without '\1') when you use the superlative.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="oldest">Kyoto is the <marker>most oldest</marker> city.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="MOST_COMPARATIVE" name="No 'more' or 'most' before comparatives">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>most</token>
<token postag="JJR|RBR" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Use only <suggestion>\2</suggestion> (without '\1') when you use the comparative.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="older">Kyoto is a <marker>most older</marker> city.</example>
<example>When is more better?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>more<exception scope="previous" postag="CD"/></token>
<token postag="JJR|RBR" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>later</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Use only <suggestion>\2</suggestion> (without '\1') when you use the comparative.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>Kyoto is an <marker>older</marker> city.</example>
<example>When is more better?</example>
<example>It was for the worse.</example>
<example>I'll write more later.</example>
<example correction="older">Kyoto is a <marker>more older</marker> city.</example>
<example correction="worse">It's <marker>more worse</marker> thing.</example>
<example>No more customer service</example>
<example>We can only bring one more smaller suitcase as that's all that will fit in the rental car in Toronto.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="LESS_COMPARATIVE" name="'less' before comparative or superlative">
<pattern>
<token>less</token>
<token postag="JJ[RS]" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Non-standard use of the comparative or superlative. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2" postag="JJ"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="less hard">This is <marker>less harder</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LEAST_COMPARATIVE" name="'less' before comparative or superlative">
<pattern>
<token>least<exception scope="previous">at</exception></token>
<token postag="JJ[RS]" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>most</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Non-standard use of the comparative or superlative. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2" postag="JJ"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>This is the least hard task.</example>
<example correction="least hard">This is the <marker>least harder</marker>.</example>
<example>This is at <marker>least harder</marker> than the trivial task.</example>
<example correction="least hard">This is the <marker>least hardest</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="THE_SUPERLATIVE" name="Zero or indefinite article ('a'/'an') before superlatives">
<antipattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="PRP\$|WP\$|DT|JJ|C[CD]|:|NNP|POS"/>
<token regexp="yes">["“]</token>
<token postag="JJS"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="JJS"/>
<token regexp="yes">[&,;]|and</token>
<token postag="JJS"/>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<marker><token>best</token></marker>
<token inflected="yes">sell</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
</marker>
<token postag="JJS|RBS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>most</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>the</suggestion> with the superlative.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>And Truly It Is <marker>a</marker> Most Glorious Thing</example>
<example correction="the">Kyoto is <marker>an</marker> oldest city.</example>
<example>He made a fortune by writing a best selling novel.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token><exception postag="PRP\$|WP\$|DT|JJ|C[CD]|:|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>s</exception><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception><exception>at</exception></token>
<token postag="JJS"><exception regexp="yes">most|least|best</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>in</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>A determiner is probably missing here: <suggestion>\1 the \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He is my best friend.</example>
<example correction="is the funniest">The guy <marker>is funniest</marker> friend.</example>
<example>Confucianism was particularly strong during the Han Dynasty, whose greatest thinker was Dong Zhongshu.</example>
<example>American placed the "largest aircraft order in history" in July 2011, purchasing 460 "next generation" Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft for delivery between 2013 and 2022.</example>
<example>Second largest & busiest Railway station in Asia.</example>
<example>Historian Samuel Walker writes that the ACLU’s “greatest impact on American life” was its role in persuading the Supreme Court to constitutionalize so many public controversies.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>least</token>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token><exception postag="PRP\$|WP\$|DT|JJ|C[DC]|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>s</exception><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception><exception>at</exception></token>
<token>least</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>in</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>A determiner is probably missing here: <suggestion>\1 the \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He is at least my friend.</example>
<example correction="is the least">The guy <marker>is least</marker> funny friend.</example>
<example>He is least likely to come.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token><exception postag="PRP\$|WP\$|DT|JJ|C[CD]|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>s</exception><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception><exception>at</exception></token>
<token postag="JJS">best</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="IN"/><exception>man</exception><exception inflected="yes">sell</exception></token>
<token><exception>by</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>A determiner is probably missing here: <suggestion>\1 the \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He is my best friend.</example>
<example correction="is the best">The guy <marker>is best</marker> driver.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="DID_BASEFORM" name="Non-infinitive verb after modal verbs">
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">will|would|could</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>did</token>
<token regexp="yes">experiments|wonders</token><!-- Do not use chunk, because that causes failure of "He did walks to his house" -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>did</token>
<and>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</and>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">than|what</exception><exception regexp="yes">free|than|who|which|whom|a|the</exception></token>
<token skip="1" regexp="yes" postag="MD|VBD" postag_regexp="yes">did|will|could|can|should|would|does|ll</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB[DGZ]" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag="VBP|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception inflected="yes">be</exception>
<exception scope="previous" negate_pos="yes" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" postag="MD|RB|VBD"/>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb '<match no="2"/>' requires the base form of the verb: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<!-- 'did' is used for emphasis here: -->
<example>All I did was to go to the cinema.</example>
<example>They commonly produce much stronger odors than they would sitting under water in a western toilet.</example>
<example correction="go|wend">Peter did <marker>went</marker> to the cinema.</example>
<example correction="walk">He did <marker>walked</marker> to his house.</example>
<example correction="walk">He did <marker>walking</marker> to his house.</example>
<example correction="come">They will <marker>comes</marker> home.</example>
<example correction="walk">He did <marker>walks</marker> to his house.</example>
<example correction="come">They will <marker>came</marker> home.</example>
<example correction="happen">A catastrophe that did not <marker>happened</marker>...</example>
<example>Confederate commanders would need it should troops pass that way in retreat.</example>
<example correction="have">I would definitely <marker>has</marker> that.</example>
<example>Warnings did go ignored.</example>
<example correction="designate">A proposed northern bypass of Birmingham will <marker>designated</marker> as I-422.</example>
<example>She did <marker>experiments</marker> to test the efficacy of the medication.</example>
<example correction="test">She did <marker>testing</marker> the samples.</example>
<example>She did <marker>testing</marker> for a TV show.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="MD|VBD" postag_regexp="yes">could|can|should|would|does|ll</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception postag="VBP|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb '<match no="1"/>' requires the base form of the verb: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="have">Mozilla should <marker>has</marker> a grammar checker.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">than|what</exception><exception regexp="yes">free|than|whom?|which|a|the</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">did|will|could|can|should|would|does|ll</token>
<token>not</token>
<token min="0" max="1" postag="RB[RS]?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VB[DGZ]" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBP"/><exception inflected="yes">be</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb '<match no="2"/>' requires base form of the verb: <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="have">Since he does not <marker>has</marker> any connection with us...</example>
<example correction="have">Since he does not really <marker>has</marker> any connection with us...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">than|what</exception><exception regexp="yes">free|than|who|which|whom|a|the</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">didn|won|couldn|can|shouldn|wouldn|doesn</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token min="0" max="1" postag="RB[RS]?" postag_regexp="yes">clearly</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB[DGZ]" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBP"/><exception inflected="yes">be</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The verb '<match no="2"/>'t' requires base form of this verb: <suggestion><match no="6" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="have">Since he doesn't <marker>has</marker> any connection with us...</example>
<example correction="understand">Sorry but am a newbie and didn't clearly <marker>understood</marker> this approach.</example>
<example>I didn't - understood?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="MUST_HAVE_TO" name="'must to' instead of 'have to'">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>must</token>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB"/>
</pattern>
<message>After 'must', the verb is used without 'to'. Probably, you should use <suggestion>must</suggestion> or <suggestion>have to</suggestion> here.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="must|have to">I <marker>must to</marker> go shopping.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AS_ADJ_AS" name="Comparison with 'as'">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token postag="JJ|RB" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>other</exception><exception postag="JJR"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">like|than|then</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Comparison is written 'as \2 <suggestion>as</suggestion>'.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="as">This house is as big <marker>than</marker> mine.</example>
<example correction="as">This box contains as much <marker>like</marker> possible.</example>
<example>It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.</example>
<example>This strikes me as less than a satisfactory expression of appreciation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EAGER_TO" name="Non-infinitive verb with 'eager to...'">
<pattern>
<token>eager</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB[GZND]" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>With 'eager to', use the base form of the verb: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>Bangladesh is eager to <marker>buy</marker> cars from Iran.</example>
<example correction="buy">Bangladesh is eager to <marker>buying</marker> cars from Iran.</example>
<example correction="try">I'd be eager to <marker>trying</marker> out your patch.</example>
<example correction="buy">Bangladesh is eager to <marker>bought</marker> cars from Iran.</example>
<example>His compatriots were eager to <marker>cast</marker> off Ottoman rule.</example>
</rule>
<!-- 106(less..)+319(more...) in complete BNC, all(?) because "...as" -->
<rulegroup id="COMP_THAN" name="Comparison with 'than', e.g. 'bigger then (than)'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">more|less</token>
<marker>
<token>as</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">to|if|follows|early|much|though|well</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Comparison requires <suggestion>than</suggestion>, not 'then' nor 'as'.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="than">The tagger will return more <marker>as</marker> one tag.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Think of it more <marker>as</marker> activity.</example>
<example>It is faster as well.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">more|less</token>
<marker>
<token>then</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Comparison requires <suggestion>than</suggestion>, not 'then' nor 'as'.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="than">The tagger will return more <marker>then</marker> one tag.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="JJR"><exception postag="IN"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">(then|as)</token>
</marker>
<token negate_pos="yes" postag="DT"><exception regexp="yes">follows|if|early|much|though|to</exception></token>
<!-- the below condition fixed a false alarm -
'these cheeses just get firmer as water evaporates' -->
<token><exception postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Comparison requires <suggestion>than</suggestion>, not 'then' nor 'as'.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="than">This house is bigger <marker>then</marker> mine.</example>
<example>This palace was used later as a prison.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="USE_TO_VERB" name="Missing past tense for 'used to...'">
<antipattern>
<token>didn</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>use</token>
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="MD"/></token>
<marker>
<token>use</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>used</suggestion>?</message>
<example>It can be used to save lives</example>
<example>Tom didn't use to drink so much.</example>
<example correction="used">He <marker>use</marker> to believe this.</example>
<example correction="used">Aethera <marker>use</marker> to use this.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MORE_A_JJ" name="Word order: 'more a ...' instead of 'a more ...'">
<pattern>
<token>more<exception regexp="yes" scope="previous">no|much</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
<token postag="JJ|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>a more \3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="a more detailed">I can give you <marker>more a detailed</marker> description of what's necessary.</example>
<example correction="a more analyzed">I wish it was <marker>more an analyzed</marker> case</example>
<example>It is no more a component.</example>
</rule>
<!-- this works now, and accounts for subjunctive
i.e., she recommended that he use his money... -->
<rulegroup id="NON3PRS_VERB" name="Agreement error: Third person verb with a non-third person pronoun">
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token skip="1">I<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">Phase|Am</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception scope="previous" negate_pos="yes" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" postag="RB|PRP|MD"/><exception>is</exception><exception scope="previous">need</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="1"/>' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<example correction="work">I <marker>works</marker> here.</example>
<example correction="work">I cannot <marker>works</marker> here.</example>
<example>We <marker>make</marker> a lot of mistakes.</example>
<example>Phase I corresponds to the small-deformation regime.</example>
<example>Am I nuts?</example>
<example correction="have">I rarely <marker>has</marker> a bad day.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>need</token>
<token>is</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token skip="1" regexp="yes" postag="PRP">we|they<exception scope="previous">Are</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception scope="previous" negate_pos="yes" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" postag="RB|PRP|DT|MD"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="1"/>' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<example correction="work">They <marker>works</marker> here.</example>
<example correction="work">They cannot <marker>works</marker> here.</example>
<example correction="work">They always <marker>works</marker> here.</example>
<example correction="mean">They all <marker>means</marker> the same.</example>
<example>We <marker>make</marker> a lot of mistakes.</example>
<example>Are they <marker>friends</marker>?</example>
<example>All we need is love.</example>
<example>Phase I corresponds to the small-deformation regime.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token skip="1" regexp="yes" postag="PRP">we|they</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception scope="previous" negate_pos="yes" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" postag="RB|PRP|DT"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="1"/>' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/>n<match no="3"/><match no="4"/></suggestion></message>
<example correction="don't">We <marker>doesn't</marker> believe so.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token skip="-1">What</token>
<token>you</token>
<token>is</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token skip="1" postag="PRP">you<exception scope="previous" postag="IN"/><exception scope="next" postag="PRP"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception scope="previous" negate_pos="yes" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" postag="RB|PRP|DT"/><exception>guys</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="1"/>' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion></message>
<example correction="work">You <marker>works</marker> here.</example>
<example>You <marker>make</marker> a lot of mistakes.</example>
<example>One of you thinks that this is possible.</example>
<example>Be sure the man nearest you is awake.</example>
<example>You guys remember that.</example>
<example>How many times do I have to tell you he isn't here?</example>
<example>What I have told you is true.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token skip="1" postag="PRP">you<exception scope="previous" postag="IN"/><exception scope="next" postag="PRP"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception scope="previous" negate_pos="yes" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" postag="RB|PRP|DT"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="1"/>' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/>n<match no="3"/><match no="4"/></suggestion></message>
<example correction="don't">You <marker>doesn't</marker> work hard enough.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>Has</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">I|we|you|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun \3 must be used with <suggestion>Have</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Have"><marker>Has</marker> you bought a ticket?</example>
<example>Have you done this?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>has</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">I|we|you|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun \3 must be used with <suggestion>have</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="have">What <marker>has</marker> you done?</example>
<example>Why have you done this?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>Is</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">we|you|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun \3 must be used with <suggestion>Are</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Are"><marker>Is</marker> you crazy?</example>
<example>Is this true?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>Is</token>
</marker>
<token>I</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun \3 must be used with <suggestion>Am</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Am"><marker>Is</marker> I crazy?</example>
<example>Is this true?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">we|you|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun \3 must be used with <suggestion>are</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="are">What <marker>is</marker> you doing?</example>
<example>Why are you doing this?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
<token>I</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun \3 must be used with <suggestion>am</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="am">Why <marker>is</marker> I in love?</example>
<example>Why am I doing this?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="OUGHT_SAY" name="ought + infinitive (ought to + infinitive)">
<pattern>
<token>ought</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 to \2</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="ought to say">We <marker>ought say</marker> the truth.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="HE_VERB_AGR" name="Agreement error: Non-third person verb with 'he/she'">
<short>Agreement error</short>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">feel|hear|see|insist|suggest|help|prevent|stop|of|have|be</exception>(that|how|will|must|could|can|should|would|does|did|may|might|t|let|dare|lest|without|into)</token>
<token regexp="yes">he|she|someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBG|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|VBD|JJ.*|RB|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="2"/>' must be used with a third-person verb: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="walks">He <marker>walk</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>He cannot hear you.</example>
<example>She came in through the back door lest she be seen.</example>
<example correction="enters">Somebody <marker>enter</marker> the building.</example>
<example>His medics insist he rest for several more months.</example>
<example>He stole out of the house without anyone seeing him.</example>
<example>He <marker>walked</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>I find it hard to understand how anyone seeking a position in public life could demonstrate...</example>
<example>He was busy, he said, in having someone submit to a monkey-gland operation.</example>
<example>What's he going to do?</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Nobody move!</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">feel|hear|see|insist|suggest|help|prevent|stop|of|have|be</exception>(that|how|will|must|could|can|should|would|does|did|may|might|t|let|dare|lest|without|into)</token>
<token regexp="yes">he|she|someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBG|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|VBD|JJ.*|RB|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="2"/>' must be used with a third-person verb: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBZ"/>n<match no="4"/><match no="5"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="doesn't">He <marker>don't</marker> like fish.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">feel|hear|see|prevent|help|stop|suggest</exception>(that|ha[sd]|will|must|could|can|should|would|does|did|is|may|might|t|was|dare|lest|without)</token>
<token regexp="yes">he|she|someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
<token postag="RB"><exception postag="VBD"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBG|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|VBD|JJ.*|RB|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="2"/>' must be used with a third-person verb: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="walks">He always <marker>walk</marker> to the building.</example>
<example correction="enters">Somebody usually <marker>enter</marker> the building.</example>
<example>He <marker>walked</marker> to the building.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">feel|hear|see|prevent|help|stop|suggest</exception>(that|ha[ds]|will|must|could|can|should|would|does|did|is|may|might|t|s|let|was|dare|lest|without)</token>
<token regexp="yes">someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
<token>else</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBG|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|VBD|JJ.*|RB|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="2"/>' must be used with a third-person verb: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example>Nobody else <marker>walks</marker> to the building.</example>
<example correction="walks">Someone else <marker>walk</marker> to the building.</example>
<example correction="enters">Somebody else <marker>enter</marker> the building.</example>
<example>Nobody <marker>walked</marker> to the building.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">They did not meet with anyone else while in Germany.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">feel|hear|see|prevent|help|stop|suggest</exception>(that|ha[ds]|will|must|could|can|should|would|does|did|is|may|might|t|let|was|dare|lest|without)</token>
<token regexp="yes">someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
<token>else</token>
<token postag="RB"/>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBG|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBN|VBD|JJ.*|RB|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun '<match no="2"/>' must be used with a third-person verb: <suggestion><match no="5" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example>Nobody else <marker>walks</marker> to the building.</example>
<example correction="walks">Someone else always <marker>walk</marker> to the building.</example>
<example correction="enters">Somebody else usually <marker>enter</marker> the building.</example>
<example>Nobody <marker>walked</marker> to the building.</example>
</rule>
<!-- subjunctive with 'that' -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token>that</token>
<token regexp="yes">he|she|someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>'He' in subjunctive clause must be used base form of the verb: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example>She recommended that he <marker>walk</marker> to the building.</example>
<example correction="walk">She stipulates that he <marker>walking</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>He <marker>walked</marker> to the building.</example>
</rule>
<!-- subjunctive without 'that' -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">feel|hear|see|help|prevent|stop|be|have</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">he|she|someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The word '<match no="2"/>' in subjunctive clause must be used with a base form of a verb: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example>She recommended he <marker>walk</marker> to the building.</example>
<example correction="walk">She stipulates he <marker>walking</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>He <marker>walked</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>What is he doing here at this hour?</example>
<example>And why was she crying?</example>
<example>What's he going to do?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular"/><!-- Medical -->
<token postag="NNP" chunk="E-NP-singular"/><!-- Center -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk="I-NP-singular"/><!-- only -->
<token postag="NNP" chunk="I-NP-singular"/><!-- Philippine -->
<token chunk="E-NP-singular"/><!-- company -->
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>
<exception regexp="yes">(that|ha[ds]|will|must|could|can|should|would|does|did|may|might|t|let)</exception>
<exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">feel|hear|see|watch|prevent|help|stop|be</exception>
<exception postag="C[CD]|IN|DT|MD|NNP|\." postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception scope="previous" postag="PRP$"/>
</token>
<token postag="NNP" regexp="yes">.{2,}<exception postag="JJ|CC|RP|DT|PRP\$?|NNPS|NNS|IN|RB|WRB|VBN" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="VB|VBP" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">\p{Lower}+<exception postag="VBN|VBD|JJ|IN|MD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="IN|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>The proper name in singular (<match no="2"/>) must be used with a third-person verb: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="walks">Ann <marker>walk</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>Bill <marker>walks</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>Guinness <marker>walked</marker> to the building.</example>
<example>Roosevelt and Hoover speak each other's lines.</example>
<example>Boys are at higher risk for autism than girls.</example>
<example>In reply, he said he was too old for this.</example>
<example>I can see Bill looking through the window.</example>
<example>Richard J. Hughes made his Morris County debut in his bid for the Democratic gubernatorial elections.</example>
<example>... last night got its seven-concert Beethoven cycle at Carnegie Hall off to a good start.</example>
<example>... and through knowing Him better to become happier and more effective people.</example>
<example>The library and <marker>Medical Center</marker> are to the north.</example>
<example>The present <marker>Federal program</marker> of vocational education began in 1917.</example>
<example>Before 2009, it was the only <marker>Philippine company</marker> to do so.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">Have|Are|Am</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">he|she|someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun <match no="3"/> must be used with <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Has"><marker>Have</marker> she bought a ticket?</example>
<example>Has anyone done this?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">Have|Are|Am</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NNP" regexp="yes">.{2,}<exception postag="JJ|CC|RP|DT|PRP\$|NNPS|NNS|IN|RB|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The singular proper name <match no="3"/> must be used with <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Has"><marker>Have</marker> Mary bought a ticket?</example>
<example>Has Jack done this?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">Have|Are|Am</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">he|she|someone|somebody|nobody|anyone</token>
</pattern>
<message>The pronoun <match no="4"/> must be used with <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="has">When <marker>have</marker> he bought a ticket?</example>
<example>Why has anyone done this?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="WRB|WP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">Have|Are|Am</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NNP" regexp="yes">.{2,}<exception postag="JJ|CC|RP|DT|PRP\$|NNPS|NNS|IN|RB|WRB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The singular proper name <match no="4"/> must be used with <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBZ"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="has">When <marker>have</marker> Mary bought a ticket?</example>
<example>Why has Mary done this?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PRP_PAST_PART" name="Agreement error: past participle without 'have'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" skip="-1"><exception inflected="yes" postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" scope="next">have|be</exception><exception postag="MD" scope="next">haven</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|we|they</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBN"><exception postag="VBD|VBP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible grammatical error. You used a past participle without using any required verb ('be' or 'have'). Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VBD" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="did">He <marker>done</marker> it.</example>
<example>It was done by him.</example>
<example>"Haven't you seen it?"</example>
<example>“Haven't you seen it?”</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">([wc]|sh)ould|might|must</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBN"><exception postag="VB[PD]" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>have <match no="2"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="have been|be">You could <marker>been</marker> from Russia.</example>
<example>They should break away from Russia.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="MD">can|may|shall|will</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBN"><exception postag="VB[PD]" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>been</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" postag="VB"/></suggestion> or <suggestion>be <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="go|be gone">You can <marker>gone</marker> from Russia.</example>
<example>They shall break away from Russia.</example>
<example>I knew almost exactly what the will had said.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">can|may|shall|will</token>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 be</suggestion> or <suggestion>has \2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="can be|has been">You <marker>can been</marker> gone from Russia.</example>
<example correction="can be|has been">It <marker>can been</marker> seen at night.</example>
<example>They shall break away from Russia.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">ought|need|used</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBN"><exception postag="VB[PD]" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3" postag="VB"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="be">You used to <marker>been</marker> stupid.</example>
<example>They need to do this.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EQUALLY_AS" name="equally as (equally)">
<pattern>
<token>equally</token>
<token>as</token>
</pattern>
<message>Don't say 'equally as'. You can use either <suggestion>equally</suggestion> or <suggestion>as</suggestion> on its own. When comparing two nouns, use <suggestion>just as</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="equally|as|just as">This model is <marker>equally as</marker> effective.</example>
<example>My new grammar checker is just as slow as the old one.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" id="CANT_HELP_BUT" name="can't help but (can't help + gerund)">
<url>http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/69212/cannot-help-but-think-vs-cannot-but-think-vs-cannot-help-thinking</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>cannot</token>
<token>help</token>
<marker>
<token>but</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This is sometimes considered a nonstandard phrase. Use <suggestion><match no="4" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="falling">I cannot help <marker>but fall</marker> in love with you.</example>
<example>I cannot help <marker>falling</marker> in love with you.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>can</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>help</token>
<marker>
<token>but</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This is sometimes considered a nonstandard phrase. Use <suggestion><match no="6" postag="VBG"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="falling">I can't help <marker>but fall</marker> in love with you.</example>
<example>I <marker>can't help falling</marker> in love with you.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="IF_OR_NOT" name="if or not (whether or not)">
<pattern>
<token>if</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard phrase. Did you mean <suggestion>whether or not</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="whether or not">It's not certain whether communication with the site's customer service has led it to be clear <marker>if or not</marker> this is true.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="KIND_OF_A" name="'kind/type/sort of a/an'">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">kind|sort|type</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">an|a</token>
</pattern>
<message>Don't include '\3' after a classification term. Use simply <suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="kind of">What <marker>kind of a</marker> man is Bush?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="REASON_IS_BECAUSE" name="'the reason... is because'">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token skip="6">reason</token>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
<token>because</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<!-- or <suggestion>because</suggestion> -->
<message>Probably an incorrect phrase. Use 'the reason <suggestion>is that</suggestion>'.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="is that">The reason we were late <marker>is because</marker> there was an accident.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BECAUSE_OF_I" name="because of we (because we)">
<pattern>
<token>because</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">I|he|she|we|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>Probable usage error. Use <suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="Because we"><marker>Because of we</marker> didn't want a big train, but we want a fast train.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BOTH_AS_WELL_AS" name="both... as well as (and)">
<pattern>
<token skip="-1">both<exception scope="next">and</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>as</token>
<token>well</token>
<token>as</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Probable usage error. Use <suggestion>and</suggestion> after 'both'.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He is both rich and handsome.</example>
<example>He is both rich and smart <marker>as well as</marker> handsome.</example>
<example>He is both very rich and smart <marker>as well as</marker> handsome.</example>
<example correction="and">He is both very rich <marker>as well as</marker> handsome.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCORDING_TO_ME" name="according to me (in my opinion)">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>according</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>me</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase can sound awkward in English. Consider using <suggestion>in my opinion</suggestion> or <suggestion>I think</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="In my opinion|I think"><marker>According to me</marker>, this is a great movie.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="AFRAID_OF_HEIGHT" name="'afraid of' + singular">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>afraid</token>
<token>of</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN"><exception postag="NNS|NNPS|NN:U.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">dark|wind|rain</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="JJ.*|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The noun should be probably in the plural form: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="spiders">I'm afraid of <marker>spider</marker>.</example>
<example>I'm afraid of <marker>heights</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>afraid</token>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="JJ.*|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The noun should be probably in the plural form: <suggestion><match no="4" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="spaces">I'm afraid of open <marker>space</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>afraid</token>
<token>of</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">dark|wind|rain</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="JJ.*|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>You probably should use this form here: <suggestion>the \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="the dark">I'm afraid of <marker>dark</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="I_AFRAID" name="'I afraid of' (I'm afraid of)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>I<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">am|was</exception></token>
<token>afraid</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">of|to</token>
</pattern>
<message>You miss the verb here. You should rather write: <suggestion>\1'm \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="I'm afraid"><marker>I afraid</marker> of the dark.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">you|we|they<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">are|were|made</exception></token>
<token>afraid</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">of|to</token>
</pattern>
<message>You miss the verb here. You should rather write: <suggestion>\1're \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="You're afraid"><marker>You afraid</marker> of the dark.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">is|was|made</exception></token>
<token>afraid</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">of|to</token>
</pattern>
<message>You miss the verb here. You should rather write: <suggestion>\1's \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="He's afraid"><marker>He afraid</marker> of the dark.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">you|we|they</token>
<token>don</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>afraid</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">of|to</token>
</pattern>
<message>'\5' is not a verb. You should rather write: <suggestion>\1're not \5</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>You're afraid of the dark.</example>
<example correction="You're not afraid"><marker>You don't afraid</marker> of the dark.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>I</token>
<token>don</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>afraid</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">of|to</token>
</pattern>
<message>'\5' is not a verb. You should rather write: <suggestion>\1'm not \5</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I'm afraid of the dark.</example>
<example correction="I'm not afraid"><marker>I don't afraid</marker> of the dark.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it</token>
<token>doesn</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>afraid</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">of|to</token>
</pattern>
<message>'\5' is not a verb. You should rather write: <suggestion>\1's not \5</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>He's afraid of the dark.</example>
<example correction="She's not afraid"><marker>She doesn't afraid</marker> of the dark.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>afraid</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">dark|wind|rain</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END|[,;:]" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>The adjective \1 is used with 'of': <suggestion>\1 of \2 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example>I'm afraid of the dark.</example>
<example>From the look of the sky I'm afraid the rain won't let up for a while.</example>
<example correction="afraid of the rain">I'm <marker>afraid the rain</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>afraid</token>
<token postag="NNS"/>
</pattern>
<message>The adjective \1 is used with 'of': <suggestion>\1 of \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="afraid of spiders">I'm <marker>afraid spiders</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>afraid</token>
<token postag="VB"><exception regexp="yes">wind|rain</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adjective \1 is used with 'to': <suggestion>\1 to \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="afraid to eat">I'm <marker>afraid eat</marker> spiders.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DOES_XX_CAN" name="Wrong usage of modal verbs in questions">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">Does|Do</token>
<token postag="NN:U|PRP\$|PRP" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="MD"><exception>need</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possibly wrong usage of '\2' in the question. Did you mean: <suggestion>\4 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="Can someone"><marker>Does someone can</marker> reproduce what I described before?</example>
<example>Do you need anything?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="THERE_S_MANY" name="Possible agreement error 'there's' + plural noun">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NN|NNP|JJ.*|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>lots</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1're \4</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="There're problems"><marker>There's problems</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There're problems in Iraq.</example>
<example>There's lots of time left.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NN|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NN|NNP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1're \4 \5</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="There're many problems"><marker>There's many problems</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There're many problems in Iraq.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token>is</token>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NN|NNP|JJ.*|DT|RB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 are \3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="There are problems"><marker>There is problems</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There are problems in Iraq.</example>
<example>There is sometimes a problem with this rule.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token>is</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NN|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NN|NNP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 are \3 \4</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="There are many problems"><marker>There is many problems</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There are many problems in Iraq.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="THERE_RE_MANY" name="Possible agreement error 'there're' + singular noun">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular" min="0" max="1"/>
<marker>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular"><exception postag="NNPS"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="5" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="problems">There're <marker>problem</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There're problems in Iraq.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular" min="0" max="1"/>
<token chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0" max="-1"/>
<marker>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular"><exception postag="NNPS"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="6" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible agreement error</short>
<example correction="problems">There're a lot <marker>problem</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There's a whole lot of problems in Iraq.</example>
<example correction="problems">There're many <marker>problem</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There're many problems in Iraq.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token>are</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular" min="0" max="1"/>
<token chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0" max="-1"/>
<marker>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NNP?">
<exception postag="NNPS"/>
<exception postag="CD"/>
<exception regexp="yes">variety|number|couple|pair|litany|lot</exception><!-- there are a number of -->
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. Did you mean <suggestion suppress_misspelled="yes"><match suppress_misspelled="yes" no="5" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="problems">There are many <marker>problem</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There are many problems in Iraq.</example>
<example>Other than this, there are no known surviving texts.</example>
<example>There are many other deliberately insulting terms.</example>
<example>There are a variety of other types.</example><!-- common usage, see Google ngram -->
<example>There are ten known isoforms of adenylate cyclases in mammals.</example>
<example>Among them there are Rachid Boudjedra, Rachid Mimouni, Leila Sebbar, and Tahar Djaout.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Though there are several volunteer and semi-professional organizations.</example>
<example correction="problems">There are a lot <marker>problem</marker> in Iraq but it is not a terrible situation.</example>
<example>There is a whole lot of problems in Iraq.</example>
<example>There are never fewer than eight of them on stage.</example>
<example>There are some even now.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="A_LOT_OF_NN" name="Possible agreement error: 'a lot/bunch/couple of' + singular countable noun">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>a</token>
<token regexp="yes">lot|bunch|couple|lack</token>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="NN|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:U|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="4"/> seems to be countable; consider using: <suggestion>a <match no="2"/> of <match no="4" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="a lot of cars">I have <marker>a lot of car</marker>.</example>
<example>I have <marker>a lot of wine</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LOTS_OF_NN" name="Possible agreement error: 'lots/plenty of' + singular countable noun">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">lots|plenty</token>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="NN|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:.*|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS|NN:U.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="3"/> seems to be countable; consider using: <suggestion><match no="1"/> of <match no="3" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="lots of books">I have got <marker>lots of book</marker>.</example>
<example>I have got <marker>lots of wine</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CD_NN" name="Possible agreement error: numeral + singular countable noun">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">\d+<exception regexp="yes">[01]</exception></token>
<token postag="NNP"/>
<token regexp="yes">Ave|Avenue|Street|Terrace|Square|St|Circle|Drive</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d+0</token>
<token>decade</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<token>to</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<token>vote</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|you|I|we|they|it</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token postag="CD"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>top</token>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>hit</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern> <!-- *two sliver and black triangles* -->
<marker><token postag="CD"/>
<token postag="NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="NN(:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</marker>
<token postag="NNS"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">the|another</token>
<token>number</token>
<marker><token postag="CD"/></marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>be</token>
<marker>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>next</token>
<token regexp="yes">month|year|birthday|week</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="CD"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Billboard</token>
<token min="0" max="1">Hot</token>
<marker><token regexp="yes">[12]00</token></marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>top</token>
<token regexp="yes">ten|10</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>page</token>
<token>survey</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern> <!-- two week's time - there's another rule for this mistake: CD_WEEK_S -->
<token postag="CD"><exception regexp="yes">one|1</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">week|month|hour</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern> <!-- another mistake -->
<marker>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token postag="NNP"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token spacebefore="yes" postag="CD">
<exception regexp="yes">one|thou|zero|1</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">1[789]\d\d</exception><!-- exclude, might be year -->
<exception regexp="yes">20[0123]\d</exception><!-- exclude, might be year -->
<exception postag="NNP"/><exception scope="previous" postag="DT|PRP\$|POS" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception regexp="yes" scope="previous">&months;|season|category|size|\$\d+</exception>
<exception spacebefore="no" scope="previous">.</exception>
<exception scope="previous">×</exception>
</token>
<token chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0" max="-1">
<exception regexp="yes">Pound|Dollar|percent|minute|megapixel|bit|foot|[kcm]m|BC|[KMGk]B|^[^a-zA-Z]+</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">one|thou|zero|1</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">[,;()×]</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular">
<exception postag="NN:UN?|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*|IN|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception>will</exception>
<exception>are</exception> <!-- chunker treats it as E-NP-singular at times... -->
<exception regexp="yes">lb|yd|ft|Msec|[kcm]m|[km]g|gm|stat|[ck]c|hr|min|m3|mcg|cpu|[KMGk]B|kelvin|saw|percent</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">&months;|size|\$\d+|\d+|\)</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">&weekdays;</exception>
<exception>year</exception><!-- "16 year old Ahmad" -->
<exception>trained</exception><!-- "300 to 400 being trained each year" - mistagging by OpenNLP -->
<exception>caused</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">Ave|Avenue|Street|Terrace|Square|Plaza</exception><!-- probably an address, "333 Grant Avenue" -->
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun '<match no="3"/>' seems to be countable, so consider using: <suggestion suppress_misspelled="yes" ><match no="3" suppress_misspelled="yes" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="books">I have five <marker>book</marker>.</example>
<example correction="chapters">Additionally, there are over 500 college and university <marker>chapter</marker>.</example>
<example correction="chapters">There are 500 college and university <marker>chapter</marker>.</example>
<example>1777 舑 American Revolutionary War: British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix...</example>
<example>I have <marker>ten books</marker>.</example>
<example>I have <marker>one bottle</marker> of wine.</example>
<example>Exactly 1 hour!</example>
<example>It was 30 cm long.</example>
<example>By 700 BC war between the two Empires became inevitable.</example>
<example>I have two book readers in my palmtop.</example>
<example>US$10,000 for a single 25 minute episode.</example>
<example>Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco.</example>
<example>The 16 year old Ahmad Shah Durrani.</example>
<example>At its 1864 convention, the Republican Party selected Andrew Johnson.</example>
<example>The 2007 ceremony was watched by more than 40 million Americans.</example>
<example>The $6,100,000,000 measure, which was passed last Monday by the Senate...</example>
<example>Friday's letters asked for a Nov. 15 meeting.</example>
<example>It takes about 16 Msec. to traverse 25 mm. of tissue.</example>
<example>$800 billion economy was envisioned for the 1970s</example>
<example>Middle East peace after Israel's 1956 invasion of Egypt</example>
<example>The Apollo 8 mission was well covered in the British documentary.</example>
<example>This is 3 H2O.</example>
<example>A dramatic series in 1956 saw a record that will probably never be beaten.</example>
<example>Those with five or six are most common.</example>
<example>I'll be in my office from ten tomorrow.</example>
<example>Willard Olvey, 18, of 963 Ponce De Leon Ave., was there last year.</example>
<example>The World War 2 German bomber rolled down a runway and took off.</example>
<example>Volume dipped to 3.28 million shares from 3.98 million Monday.</example>
<example>It is five and seventeen.</example>
<example>Last week the board, by a 4 to 3 vote, decided to ask voters.</example>
<example>Before he was forty Griffith had created the art of the film.</example>
<example>In the 1860 - 70 decade there are many poems like Revulsion.</example>
<example>And also a twin 15 mm version based on the Light Tank Mk.</example>
<example>The right half is split into two silver and black triangles.</example>
<example>List of players to wear the number 14 shirt since Johan Cruyff's departure</example>
<example>She said he would be sixteen next month.</example>
<example>The screen is fixed to the 640 × 400 1-bit mono mode, and no external video port was provided.</example>
<example>Game board with 108 spaces arranged in a 12 by 9 array</example>
<example>In the United States, the song peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, paving the way for their first album and their first trip as a group there.</example>
<example>Since then the corporate headquarters have moved to New York City at 1 Park Avenue in Manhattan, before moving to the Financial District to the former JP Morgan Chase headquarters at 4 New York Plaza.</example>
<example>It's ten past six.</example>
<example>The price of rice rose by three percent.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="INCORRECT_POSSESSIVE_FORM_AFTER_A_NUMBER" name="Incorrect possessive form after a number">
<antipattern> <!-- separate rule: CD_WEEK -->
<token postag="CD"><exception regexp="yes">one|1</exception></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">week|month|hour</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNS"/></token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
<token postag="NNS"></token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token spacebefore="yes" postag="CD">
<exception regexp="yes">one|thou|zero|1</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">1[789]\d\d</exception><!-- exclude, might be year -->
<exception regexp="yes">20[0123]\d</exception><!-- exclude, might be year -->
<exception postag="NNP"/><exception scope="previous" postag="DT|PRP\$|POS" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<exception regexp="yes" scope="previous">&months;|season|category|size|\$\d+</exception>
<exception spacebefore="no" scope="previous">.</exception>
<exception scope="previous">×</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag='NN.*' postag_regexp='yes'><exception postag="NNS"/><exception regexp="yes">^[\p{L}&&[^aeiuo]]+$</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">'</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect singular possessive form after the number (\1). Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2"/>s</suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="2"/>s'</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Agreement error</short>
<example correction="days|days'">At the time, Guider was working just two <marker>day's</marker> drive from Narooma, in a Canberra suburb.</example>
<example>1933 World's Fair</example>
<example>He is puzzled as to why three women's names were there.</example>
<example>A total of 387 schools, 7 teacher's houses, and several vocational buildings had been built.</example>
<example>I have 5 CD's.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CD_DOZENS_OF" name="Plural form of numbers in 'two dozens of' (two dozen)">
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token regexp="yes">dozens|hundreds|thousands|[bm]illions</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use a singular form of the numeral here: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2" postag="NN"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="two dozen">You need <marker>two dozens of</marker> eggs.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NODT_DOZEN" name="Numeral (dozen, hundred, thousand, million) without a determiner or a number">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">dozen|hundred|thousand|[bm]illion<exception scope="previous" postag_regexp="yes" postag="UNKNOWN|CD|W?DT|PRP\$|JJ"/><exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">[\$€£\p{Lu}]+\d+|per|s|of|few|several|'</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>a <match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="a hundred">You need almost <marker>hundred</marker> eggs.</example>
<example>The U.S. government gave USD250 million to UNITA between 1986 to 1991.</example>
<example>It was selected as the first of Life magazine's 'hundred photos that changed the world'.</example>
<example>At a peak of 6 <!--note: non-breaking space --><marker>million</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MUCH_COUNTABLE" name="'much' + countable noun, e.g. 'much (many) children'">
<antipattern>
<token>how</token>
<token>much</token>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>much</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag="NN:U"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>many</suggestion> with countable nouns.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem with countable noun</short>
<example correction="many">There are <marker>much</marker> children.</example>
<example>How much does it cost?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MANY_NN" name="Possible agreement error: 'many/several/few' + singular countable noun">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Many</token>
<token postag="VBP"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>many</token>
<token>regard</token>
<token regexp="yes">him|her|it|this|them|his|its</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>few</token>
<token/>
<token>as</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">many|several|few</token>
<token postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:U|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*|MD|CC|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception inflected="yes">be</exception></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="2"/> seems to be countable; consider using: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match suppress_misspelled="yes" no="2" postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="several books">I have <marker>several book</marker>.</example>
<example>I have <marker>many books</marker>.</example>
<example>I have <marker>much wine</marker>.</example>
<example correction="many ways">... which is right in <marker>many way</marker>.</example>
<example>The state legislature gerrymandered the few Birmingham legislative seats.</example>
<example>A few work as technical writers, others don't.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="DT_JJ_NO_NOUN" name="Missing noun after an adjective">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END"><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Probably a noun is missing in this part of the sentence.</message>
<example correction="">This is <marker>an absurd</marker>.</example>
<example>This is an absurd opinion.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBZ"><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Probably a noun is missing in this part of the sentence.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>An absurd</marker> is making my existence meaningless.</example>
<example>An absurd existence is meaningless.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="MANY_NN_U" name="Possible agreement error: 'many/several/few' + uncountable noun">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>many</token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN[PS]?|NNPS|JJ.*|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="2"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>much <match no="2"/></suggestion>, <suggestion>a good deal of <match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="much wine|a good deal of wine">I have <marker>many wine</marker>.</example>
<example>How many wine bars are there in Cheshire?</example>
<example>This ended in death-like trances with many lying exhausted and panting on chair and floor.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>many</token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*|VBG" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="CC"/>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="2"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>much <match no="2"/></suggestion>, <suggestion>a good deal of <match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="much wine|a good deal of wine">There are <marker>many wine</marker> and a lot is happening this spring.</example>
<example>There are many wine and food festivals this spring.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>many</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="3"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>much <match no="2"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>, <suggestion>a good deal of <match no="2"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="much red wine|a good deal of red wine">I have <marker>many red wine</marker>.</example>
<example>I have <marker>much wine</marker>.</example>
<example>How many wine bars are there in Cheshire?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>many</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="CC"/>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="3"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>much <match no="2"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>, <suggestion>a good deal of <match no="2"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="much red wine|a good deal of red wine">I have <marker>many red wine</marker> and a lot is happening this spring.</example>
<example>There are many good wine and food festivals this spring.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>a</token>
<token>number</token>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="4"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>much <match no="4"/></suggestion>, <suggestion>a good deal of <match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="much wine|a good deal of wine">I have <marker>a number of wine</marker>.</example>
<example>How many wine bars are there in Cheshire?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>few</token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="2"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>little <match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="little wine">I have a <marker>few wine</marker>.</example>
<example>I have <marker>little wine</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>few</token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="CC"/>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="2"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>little <match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="little wine">There is <marker>few wine</marker> and a lot is happening this spring.</example>
<example>There are few wine and food festivals this spring.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>several</token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="2"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>some <match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="some wine">I have <marker>several wine</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>several</token>
<token postag="NN:U"><exception postag="NN:UN|NN|NNP|NNS|NNPS|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
<token postag="CC"/>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token><exception postag="NNS|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">['’]</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible agreement error. The noun <match no="2"/> seems to be uncountable; consider using: <suggestion>some <match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Grammatical problem</short>
<example correction="some wine">There is <marker>several wine</marker> and a lot is happening this spring.</example>
<example>There are several wine and food festivals this spring.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="NOT_NOTHING" name="Wrong negated forms ('not... nothing' instead 'not... anything')">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes"><exception scope="previous">or</exception>not|nobody|nothing|never</token>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" skip="1"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="PRP|VB.*|TO|IN" postag_regexp="yes" scope="previous"/>nothing|nobody|nowhere</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Double negation. You probably should say <suggestion><match no="3" regexp_match="no(.*)" regexp_replace="any$1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="anything">Nobody told me <marker>nothing</marker>.</example>
<example correction="anybody">I'm not speaking to <marker>nobody</marker> in this class.</example>
<example correction="anything">I didn't notice <marker>nothing</marker> wrong.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="TIP_AND_TRICK" name="misspelled tips and tricks">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>tips</token>
<token>and</token>
<marker>
<token>trick</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3"/>s</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="tricks">tips and <marker>trick</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>tip</token>
</marker>
<token>and</token>
<token>tricks</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/>s</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="tips"><marker>tip</marker> and tricks</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SENTENCE_FRAGMENT" name="Sentence is a fragment">
<url>http://www.chompchomp.com/rules/fragrules.htm</url>
<!--rule R0.1A Single word list, likely to start a fragment -->
<!-- Note:
I took this list of likely fragment indicators directly from the following link http://www.chompchomp.com/rules/fragrules.htm
-->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<token skip='-1' />
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token regexp='yes'>,|;|:|!|\?</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<token skip='-1' />
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- 'that' is not always a connective -->
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">that|whoever</token>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">that|whoever</token>
<token postag="MD"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">that|whoever</token>
<token postag="VBZ"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">that|whoever</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token regexp="yes">s|ll|ve</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- If it got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token skip="-1" regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
<exception postag="DT"/>
</token>
</marker>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Though</marker> the dog likes to bark.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>After</marker> we had dinner.</example>
<example>Though the dog likes to bark, it's still a nice dog.</example>
<example>After we had dinner, we went to the cinema.</example>
</rule>
<!-- Note:
The following are too useful not to be declared as phrases, unfortunately I want to make progress and I can't find a decent tutorial on 'phrases' and 'unify'
-->
<!--rule R0.1B Phrase 'Even [list]', likely to start a fragment -->
<!-- Note:
Here , mainly for easy maintenance, I am using the full list from the previous rule. Some combinations of 'Even' with the list are very unlikely and probably wrong in their own right!
-->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>Even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token regexp='yes'>[,;:!\?]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>Even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- If it got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
<exception postag="DT"/>
</token>
</marker>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2 \3” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Even if</marker> the dog likes to bark.</example>
<example>Even if the dog likes to bark; it's still a nice dog.</example>
<example>That was probably what influenced their decision.</example>
</rule>
<!--rule R0.1C phrase 'So [list]', likely to start a fragment -->
<!-- Note:
Here , mainly for easy maintenance, I am using the full list from the previous rule. Some combinations of 'So' with the list are very unlikely and probably wrong in their own right!
-->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token regexp='yes'>[,;:!\?]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- If it got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
</marker>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2 \3” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>So if</marker> the dog likes to bark.</example>
<example>So if the dog likes to bark; it's still a nice dog.</example>
</rule>
<!--rule R0.1D phrase 'So, [list]', likely to start a fragment -->
<!-- Note:
Here , mainly for easy maintenance, I am using the full list from the previous rule. Some combinations of 'So' with the list are very unlikely and probably wrong in their own right!
-->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token postag=',|:' postag_regexp='yes' />
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token regexp='yes'>[,;:!\?]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token postag=',|:' postag_regexp='yes' />
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- If it got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token postag=',|:' postag_regexp='yes' />
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
</marker>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2 \3 \4” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>So, if</marker> the dog likes to bark.</example>
<example>So, if the dog likes to bark; it's still a nice dog.</example>
</rule>
<!--rule R0.1E phrase 'So even [list]', likely to start a fragment -->
<!-- Note:
Here , mainly for easy maintenance, I am using the full list from the previous rule. Some combinations of 'So even' with the list are very unlikely and probably wrong in their own right!
-->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token>even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token regexp='yes'>[,;:!\?]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token>even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- If it got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token>even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2 \3 \4” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>So even if the dog likes to bark.</marker></example>
<example>So even if the dog likes to bark; it's still a nice dog.</example>
</rule>
<!--rule R0.1F phrase 'So, even [list]', likely to start a fragment -->
<!-- Note:
Here , mainly for easy maintenance, I am using the full list from the previous rule. Some combinations of 'So even' with the list are very unlikely and probably wrong in their own right!
-->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token postag=',|:' postag_regexp='yes' />
<token>even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token regexp='yes'>[,;:!\?]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token postag=',|:' postag_regexp='yes' />
<token>even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- If ir got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>So</token>
<token postag=',|:' postag_regexp='yes' />
<token>even</token>
<token skip='-1' regexp='yes'>after|although|as|because|before|if|once|since|than|that|though|unless|until|when|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|which|whichever|while|who|whoever|whom|whomever|whose
</token>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2 \3 \4 \5” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>So, even if the dog likes to bark.</marker></example>
<example>So, even if the dog likes to bark; it's still a nice dog.</example>
</rule>
<!--rule R0.1G phrase 'In order that', likely to start a fragment -->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>In</token>
<token>order</token>
<token skip='-1'>that</token>
<!-- start search after 2nd token in case it is a comma -->
<token regexp='yes'>[,;:!\?]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>In</token>
<token>order</token>
<token skip='-1'>that</token>
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- If it got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>In</token>
<token>order</token>
<token skip='-1' >that</token>
</marker>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2 \3 \4” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>In order that</marker> the dog guards the house.</example>
<example>In order that dog guards the house; it needs to bark loudly.</example>
</rule>
<!--rule R0.1H phrase 'Provided that', likely to start a fragment -->
<rule>
<!-- Does it have a comma or semicolon or end with an exclamation or question mark?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>Provided</token>
<token skip='-1'>that</token>
<token regexp='yes'>[,;:!\?]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Does it have an unpunctuated CC/SC?-->
<antipattern>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>Provided</token>
<token skip='-1'>that</token>
<token postag='CC' />
</antipattern>
<!-- If it got past the antipatterns, then something is wrong -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag='SENT_START' />
<token>Provided</token>
<token skip='-1'>that</token>
</marker>
<token postag='SENT_END' />
</pattern>
<message>“\2 \3” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence. </message>
<short>Punctuation error, sentence looks like a fragment</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Provided that</marker> the dog guards my house.</example>
<example>Provided that the dog guards my house; I do not mind it barking loudly.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Collocations -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="COLLOCATIONS" name="Collocations" type="grammar">
<rule id="HAVE_CD_YEARS" name="Wrong phrase: have x years old (be x years old)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>years</token>
<token>old</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is used with 'be': <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*">be</match> <match no="2"/> <match no="3"/> <match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Wrong phrase</short>
<example>I am 25 years old.</example>
<example correction="is 25 years old">He <marker>has 25 years old</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_NOWADAYS" name="Wrong phrase: 'in nowadays' (nowadays)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>nowadays</token>
</pattern>
<message>\2 is used without 'in'. Use simply: <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Wrong phrase</short>
<example correction="Nowadays"><marker>In nowadays</marker>, many organizations are jumping in the social websites bandwagon.</example>
<example>Nowadays, many organizations are jumping in the social websites bandwagon</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="SUPERIOR_THAN" name="Wrong preposition: 'superior/inferior than' (superior/inferior to)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes"><exception scope="previous">more</exception>superior|inferior</token>
<marker>
<token>than</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The adjective \1 is normally used with <suggestion>to</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Wrong collocation</short>
<example correction="to">He feels inferior <marker>than</marker> us.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>more</token>
<token regexp="yes">superior|inferior</token>
<token>than</token>
</pattern>
<message>The adjective \1 is normally used with to and does not need 'more' (so called implicit comparative). Probably you need to write: <suggestion>\2 to</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Wrong collocation</short>
<example correction="inferior to">He feels <marker>more inferior than</marker> us.</example>
<example>He feels inferior to them.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="OBVIOUS_FOR" name="Wrong preposition: 'obvious for' (obvious to)">
<pattern>
<token>obvious</token>
<token>for</token>
<token postag="PRP|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">he|years|decades|months</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adjective \1 is normally used with 'to': <suggestion>\1 to \3</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="obvious to me">It's <marker>obvious for me</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TODAY_MORNING" name="Wrong phrase: 'today morning' (this morning)">
<pattern>
<token>today</token>
<token regexp="yes">morning|afternoon|evening</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard collocation. Normally, <suggestion>this \2</suggestion> is used.</message>
<short>Wrong collocation</short>
<example correction="this evening">I'm going home <marker>today evening</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="YESTERDAY_NIGHT" name="Wrong phrase: 'yesterday night' (last night)">
<pattern>
<token>yesterday</token>
<token>night</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard collocation. Normally, <suggestion>last night</suggestion> is used.</message>
<short>Wrong collocation</short>
<example correction="last night">I was there <marker>yesterday night</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TODAY_NIGHT" name="Wrong phrase: 'today night' (tonight)">
<pattern>
<token>today</token>
<token>night</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard collocation. Normally, <suggestion>tonight</suggestion> is used instead.</message>
<short>Wrong collocation</short>
<example correction="tonight">I'm going fishing <marker>today night</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WORRY_FOR" name="Wrong collocation: 'worry for' (worry about)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">worry<exception scope="previous" postag="DT|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token>for</token>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'worry' does not normally take the preposition 'for'. Did you mean <suggestion>\1 about</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="worry about">Don't <marker>worry for</marker>.</example>
<example>I am worried about her.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Miscellaneous -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="MISC" name="Miscellaneous">
<rule id="CONTRACTED_FORM_NOT" name="shouldn't not (shouldn't)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">ain|aren|can|couldn|didn|doesn|don|hadn|hasn|haven|isn|mayn|mightn|mustn|needn|oughtn|shan|shouldn|wasn|weren|won|wouldn</token>
<token regexp="yes">’|'</token>
<token>t</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>You used a negation after a negated contracted verb. Did you mean simply <suggestion>\1\2\3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Negation after negation</short>
<example correction="shouldn't">You <marker>shouldn't not</marker> do it!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALSO_SENT_END" name="'also' at the end of the sentence">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>also</token>
</marker>
<token>.</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Also' is not used at the end of the sentence. Use <suggestion>as well</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>'Also' at the end of sentence</short>
<example>You will also buy some eggs.</example>
<example correction="as well">You will buy some eggs <marker>also</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" id="PASSIVE_VOICE" name="Passive voice">
<rule> <!-- Passive infinitive (1/2) -->
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<!-- skip=1 to handle: it is not possible, it is also possible, etc. -->
<token postag="VBN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"/> <!--said|thought|believed|possible|necessary|impossible|known|argued -->
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change from passive to active voice? Example: "It is possible that the sky is blue." can be changed to "The sky might be blue".</message>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction=""><marker>It is possible that</marker> the sky is blue.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>It is also possible that</marker> the sky is blue.</example>
<example>The sky might be blue.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Passive infinitive (2/2) -->
<pattern>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<!-- skip to allow for: not, also, etc -->
<token postag="VBN"/> <!-- said, known, believed, thought, etc. -->
<token>to</token>
<token skip="1">have</token>
<!-- skip to allow for: not, also, etc -->
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change from passive to active voice? Example: "He is said to have been happy." can be changed to "The people said that he was happy." if you can define who/what performed the action.</message>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said to have been</marker> happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said to have not been</marker> happy.</example>
<example>The people said that he was happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>is not thought to have been</marker> happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>was not thought to have been</marker> happy.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Passive infinitive (2/2) -->
<pattern>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<!-- skip to allow for: not, also, etc -->
<token postag="VBN"/> <!-- said, known, believed, thought, etc. -->
<token>to</token>
<token>be</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change from passive to active voice? Example: "He is said to be happy." could be changed to "The people said that he was happy." if you can define who/what performed the action.</message>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said to be</marker> happy.</example>
<example>People say that he is happy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">advise|insist|propose|recommend|suggest</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" skip="1"/>
<!-- skip must/could/should/etc -->
<token>be</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Change from passive to active voice? Example: "He insisted that red should be used." can be changed to "He insisted on using red."</message>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction="">He insisted that <marker>red should be used</marker>.</example>
<example correction="">He insisted that <marker>red be used</marker>.</example>
<example>He insisted on using red.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern> <!-- future perfect tense -->
<token skip="1" regexp="yes">will|shall</token>
<!-- skip to allow for "not", "also", etc. -->
<token>have</token>
<token>been</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</pattern>
<message>Change from passive to active voice? Example: "Her work will have been finished by tonight." can be changed to "She will have her work finished by tonight."</message>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction="">Her work <marker>will have been finished</marker> by tonight.</example>
<example correction="">Her work <marker>will not have been finished</marker> by tonight.</example>
<example>She will have her work finished by tonight.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<!-- skip to allow for "not", "also", etc. -->
<token>being</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</pattern>
<message>Change from passive to active voice? Example: "A cake is being baked by him." can be changed to "He is baking a cake."</message>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction="">A <marker>cake is being baked</marker> by him by tonight.</example>
<example>He is baking a cake.</example>
<example correction="">A <marker>cake is also being baked</marker> by him by tonight.</example>
<example correction="">A <marker>cake was also being baked</marker> by him by tonight.</example>
<example correction="">A dozen <marker>cookies were also being baked</marker> by him by tonight.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<!-- skip to allow for "not", "also", etc. -->
<token skip="2" postag="VBN"/>
<!-- skip to allow for "a noun" or "a adjective noun", etc. -->
<token>by</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change from passive to active voice? Example: "Instruments are played by her." can be changed to "She plays instruments."</message>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Instruments are played by</marker> her.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>Instruments were played by</marker> her.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>Instruments are not played by</marker> her.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>John was given a book by</marker> her.</example>
<example>She plays instruments.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup> <!-- end passive voice rule -->
<rule id="THE_EXACTLY_THE" name="Duplicated 'the' surrounding an adverb">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token>the</token>
</pattern>
<message>Duplicated 'the' in the phrase: '\1 \2 \3'. Did you mean <suggestion>\2 \3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Duplicated 'the'</short>
<example correction="really the">That’s <marker>the really the</marker> point of these songs.</example>
<example correction="exactly the">It is <marker>the exactly the</marker> same thing.</example>
<example>This is the way the music dies.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="DT_DT" name="Two consecutive articles, e.g. 'the a'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">a|an|the</token>
<token postag="DT" regexp="yes">a|an|the</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|\.</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>\2</suggestion> is left.</message>
<short>Two consecutive articles</short>
<example correction="The|A"><marker>The a</marker> thing is this.</example>
<example correction="an|a">This is <marker>an a</marker> flower.</example>
<example>The Thames was once a much broader river.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="DT" inflected="yes" regexp="yes">a|the</token>
<token>this</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|\.</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Maybe you need to remove the second determiner so that only <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>\2</suggestion> is left.</message>
<short>Two consecutive articles</short>
<example correction="a|this">I like <marker>a this</marker> dog.</example>
<example correction="the|this">This is <marker>the this</marker> idea I was talking about!</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">an?|the</token>
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore="yes">['"“]</token>
<token postag="DT" regexp="yes" spacebefore="no">an?|the</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">'|\.</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Maybe you need to remove the second determiner so that only <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>\2\3</suggestion> is left.</message>
<short>Two consecutive articles</short>
<example correction="The|'An"><marker>The 'an</marker> international movie' is interesting.</example>
<example>The Thames was once a much broader river.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DT_PRP" name="The you (you)">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">an|the</token>
<token regexp="yes">(?-i)It</token>
<token inflected="yes">girl</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="DT" inflected="yes" regexp="yes">a|the</token>
<token postag="PRP\$?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">US|IT|one|ONE</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>\2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>The cat is on the mat.</example>
<example correction="the|he">Strode past the now frightened man, entered <marker>the he</marker> house.</example>
<example>It was an impulse when she was here in Me'a She'arim.</example>
<example>Asphalt in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France.</example>
<example correction="The|My"><marker>The my</marker> search could return docs.</example>
<example correction="the|my">The dots in <marker>the my</marker> life.</example>
<example correction="the|it">If <marker>the it</marker> em is missing, stop the test.</example>
<example correction="the|Us">I will go to <marker>the Us</marker> next month.</example>
<example correction="an|it">If you frequently write incorrectly spelled text <marker>an it</marker> causes a problem for the readers, use LT.</example>
<example>Surely, '<marker>the ONe</marker>' is a typing error.</example>
<example>I will go to the <marker>US</marker> next month.</example>
<example>The telecoms sector fell by 1% and the <marker>IT</marker> sector fell by 2.5%.</example>
<example>This is not an <marker>IT</marker> problem.</example>
<example>Olivia certainly is the <marker>It</marker> girl [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_girl].</example>
<example>And now, live on stage, <marker>the one</marker> and only, the incomparable, Kermit the Frog!</example>
<example>This is your chance of a lifetime! For <marker>A ONE</marker> DAY ONLY SALE of exclusive jewellery, visit our store.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AN_ANOTHER" name="an another (an/another)">
<pattern>
<token>an</token>
<token>another</token>
<token/>
</pattern>
<message>One of these determiners is redundant in this context. Choose only one: <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+INDT"/></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="2"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant determiner</short>
<example correction="a lonely|another lonely">It's <marker>an another lonely</marker> night.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PHRASE_REPETITION" name="Repetition of two words ('at the at the')">
<!-- made more general-->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token negate_pos="yes" postag="SENT_START" regexp="yes"><exception>and</exception>\p{L}+</token>
<token regexp="yes"><exception>and</exception>\p{L}+</token>
<token><match no="0"/></token>
<token><match no="1"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only <suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Duplicated phrase</short>
<example correction="at the">Hepatology <marker>at the at the</marker> turn of centuries.</example>
<example correction="on the">Again he returned to the study and placed the lamp <marker>on the on the</marker> table</example>
<example correction="from the">A handicapped accessible shuttle bus is available <marker>from the from the</marker> Purdue University parking lot.</example>
<example>All we wanted to do was to stand very quietly and look and look and look.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup default="off" id="I_VE_A" name="Non-standard contractions '(I've a...)'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token/>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>ve</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard contraction. Use <suggestion>\1 have \4</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1've got \4</suggestion> to express possession.</message>
<short>Non-standard contraction</short>
<example>I've got a new car.</example>
<example correction="I have a|I've got a"><marker>I've a</marker> new car.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>ve</token>
<token postag="CD"/>
</pattern>
<message>This is a non-standard contraction. Use <suggestion>have \3</suggestion> or <suggestion>'ve got</suggestion> to express possession.</message>
<short>Non-standard contraction</short>
<example>I've got three new cars.</example>
<example correction="have three|'ve got">I<marker>'ve three</marker> new cars.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup type="locale-violation" id="CD_00_O_CLOCK" name="7:00 o'clock (7:00 or 7 o'clock)">
<url>http://esl.about.com/library/beginner/bltime.htm</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d</token>
<token>:</token>
<token>00</token>
<token>o</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>clock</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wrong phrase. Use <suggestion>\1\2\3</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \4\5\6</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Non-standard phrase</short>
<example correction="7:00|7 o'clock">It's <marker>7:00 o'clock</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d</token>
<token>:</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d<exception>00</exception></token>
<token>o</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>clock</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wrong phrase; 'o'clock is used only at the full hour. Use simply <suggestion>\1\2\3</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Non-standard phrase</short>
<example>It's 7 o'clock.</example>
<example correction="7:45">It's <marker>7:45 o'clock</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Punctuation Errors -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="PUNCTUATION" name="Punctuation Errors" type="typographical">
<rule id="MISSING_COMMA_AFTER_INTRODUCTORY_PHRASE" name="Missing comma after introductory phrase">
<antipattern>
<marker>
<token>at</token>
<token>least</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag='SENT_START'></token>
<token postag='IN'></token>
<marker>
<token postag='NN.*' postag_regexp='yes'></token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">I|you|s?he|it|we|they</token> <!-- not PRP: exclude 'me', 'himself...' -->
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The comma is probably missing here: <suggestion><match no="3"/>, <match no="4"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000074.htm</url>
<short>Missing comma</short>
<example correction='years, I'>For <marker>years I</marker> have been travelling.</example>
<example>At least they believed me.</example>
<example>To see you is always a great pleasure.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COMMA_AFTER_A_MONTH" name="Comma after a month">
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&months;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp='yes'>\d{3,}</token>
</pattern>
<message>When specifying a month and year, the comma is unnecessary: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/comma.html#dates</url>
<short>Spurious comma</short>
<example correction="October 1958">The store closed its doors for good in <marker>October, 1958</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MISSING_COMMA_BETWEEN_DAY_AND_YEAR" name="Missing comma between day of month and year">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">&months;</token>
<token regexp="yes">[0123]?[0-9]</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[0-9]{4}</token>
</pattern>
<message>Commas set off the year in a month-day-year date: <suggestion>\1 \2,</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/comma.html#dates</url>
<short>Missing comma</short>
<example correction="October 18,">My birthday is <marker>October 18</marker> 1983.</example>
<example>He died on <marker>April 1,</marker> 1888.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MISSING_COMMA_AFTER_WEEKDAY" name="Missing comma after weekday">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">&months;</token>
<token regexp="yes">[0123]?[0-9]</token>
</pattern>
<message>Commas set off the month in a weekday-month-day date: <suggestion>\1,</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/comma.html#dates</url>
<short>Missing comma</short>
<example correction="Friday,">We will meet <marker>Friday</marker> July 15.</example>
<example>He was born on Friday, August 12, 2016.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOR_NOUN_SAKE" name="for heaven's sake">
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes">[a-zA-Z]+</token>
<token>sake</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 <match no="2" regexp_match="s\b" regexp_replace=""/>’s sake</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \2’ sake</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="For heaven’s sake|For heavens’ sake"><marker>For heavens sake</marker>!</example>
<example correction="For goodnes’s sake|For goodness’ sake"><marker>For goodness sake</marker>!</example>
<example>For Christ’s sake!</example>
<example>For pity’s sake!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="APOS_ARE" name="extraneous apostrophes before 'are'">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag='NN'/>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token>are</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean the plural instead of the possessive?</message>
<suggestion>\1\3</suggestion>
<short>Extraneous apostrophe</short>
<example correction="cars">The <marker>car's</marker> are cheap.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="STATE_OF_THE_ART" name="state of the art (state-of-the-art)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>state</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>art</token>
</marker>
<token postag='NN.*|NNS' postag_regexp='yes'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>state-of-the-art</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="state-of-the-art">We present our <marker>state of the art</marker> solution.</example>
<example>We compare our results to the <marker>state of the art</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OUT_OF_PLACE" name="out of place (out-of-place) etc.">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>out</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">place|door|doors|band|bounds|town|state|wedlock|pocket|order</token>
</marker>
<token postag='NN.*|NNS' postag_regexp='yes'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>out-of-\3</suggestion>?</message>
<example>This word is <marker>out of place</marker>.</example>
<!--<example type='incorrect'>This word is <marker>out-of-place</marker>.</example>-->
<example correction="out-of-place">This is an <marker>out of place</marker> word.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OUT_OF_THE_WAY" name="out of the way (out-of-the-way) etc.">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>out</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>way</token>
</marker>
<token postag='NN.*|NNS' postag_regexp='yes'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>out-of-the-way</suggestion>?</message>
<example>They seem to be having five hindrances <marker>out of the way</marker>.</example>
<example correction="out-of-the-way">An <marker>out of the way</marker> place.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" id="EG_NO_COMMA" name="'e.g.' without a comma">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>e</token>
<token>.</token>
<token spacebefore="no">g</token>
<token>.</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">,</token>
</pattern>
<message>The comma is missing here:<suggestion>e.g.,</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>The are several grammar checkers for English, e.g., LanguageTool.</example>
<example correction="e.g.,">The are several grammar checkers for English, <marker>e.g.</marker> LanguageTool.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>eg</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes">,|\.</token>
</pattern>
<message>A comma and a dot are missing here: <suggestion>e.g.,</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>The are several grammar checkers for English, e.g., LanguageTool.</example>
<example correction="e.g.,">The are several grammar checkers for English, <marker>eg</marker> LanguageTool.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>eg</token>
<token>.</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">,</token>
</pattern>
<message>A comma and a dot are missing here: <suggestion>e.g.,</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>The are several grammar checkers for English, e.g., LanguageTool.</example>
<example correction="e.g.,">The are several grammar checkers for English, <marker>eg.</marker> LanguageTool.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup default="off" id="IE_NO_COMMA" name="'i.e.' without a comma">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>i</token>
<token>.</token>
<token spacebefore="no">e</token>
<token>.</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">,</token>
</pattern>
<message>The comma is missing here: <suggestion>i.e.,</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>i.e.,</marker> a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
<example correction="i.e.,">Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>i.e.</marker> a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>ie</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes">,|\.</token>
</pattern>
<message>The comma and dots are missing here:<suggestion>i.e.,</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>i.e.,</marker> a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
<example correction="i.e.,">Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>ie</marker> a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>ie</token>
<token>.</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">,</token>
</pattern>
<message>The comma and dots are missing here: <suggestion>i.e.,</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>i.e.,</marker> a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
<example correction="i.e.,">Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>ie.</marker> a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="NO_SPACE_CLOSING_QUOTE" name="Missing space after closing quote">
<pattern>
<token>”</token>
<token regexp='yes' spacebefore='no'>\w+</token>
</pattern>
<message>There should be a space after a closing quote.</message>
<suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="” said">“Good morning, Frank,<marker>”said</marker> Hal.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup name="abbreviations with spaces in between (e. g.)" id="EG_SPACE">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[Ee]</token>
<token>.</token>
<token spacebefore="yes">g</token>
<token>.</token>
</pattern>
<message>There should be no space here: <suggestion>e.g.</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>The are several grammar checkers for English, e.g., LanguageTool.</example>
<example correction="e.g.">The are several grammar checkers for English, <marker>e. g.</marker> LanguageTool.</example>
<example>E. G. Erdos, L. E. Boggs, C. D. Mackey</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>i</token>
<token>.</token>
<token spacebefore="yes">e</token>
<token>.</token>
</pattern>
<message>There should be no space here: <suggestion>i.e.</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example>Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>i.e.,</marker> a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
<example correction="i.e.">Who's responsible for providing public facilities, <marker>i. e.</marker>, a post office, library, etc. for the Northwest?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup default="off" name="Warn when the serial comma is not used (incomplete)" id="SERIAL_COMMA_ON">
<rule>
<!-- This rule detects the simplest case:
Noun, Noun and Noun -->
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
<token>,</token>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma is missing: <suggestion>\3, \4</suggestion>.</message>
<example>The pen, <marker>pencil, and</marker> book are on the desk.</example>
<example correction="pencil, and">The pen, <marker>pencil and</marker> book are on the desk.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup default="off" name="Warn when the serial comma is used (incomplete)" id="SERIAL_COMMA_OFF">
<rule>
<!-- This rule detects the simplest case:
Noun, Noun, and Noun -->
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
<token>,</token>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>Remove the serial comma: <suggestion>\3 \5</suggestion>.</message>
<example>The pen, <marker>pencil and</marker> book are on the desk.</example>
<example correction="pencil and">The pen, <marker>pencil, and</marker> book are on the desk.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule default="off" id="COMMA_WHICH" name="No comma before 'which'">
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">[,(-–−—―"“]|that</exception><exception postag="IN|TO|;|SENT_START" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token>which</token>
</pattern>
<message>Probably a comma is missing here: <suggestion>\1, \2</suggestion>. Or if you want to use a restrictive clause, use <suggestion>\1 that</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/t.html#that</url>
<short>Comma missing</short>
<example correction="house, which|house that">I am going to the <marker>house which</marker> burned down.</example>
<example>The science fair, which lasted all day, ended with an awards ceremony.</example>
<example>This is an example (which is dull).</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BY_DEFAULT_COMMA" name="Comma after by default at the beginning of a sentence.">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>By</token>
<token>default</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">,</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean: <suggestion>By default,</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example correction="By default,"><marker>By default</marker> this setting is enabled.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA" name="Commas after conjunctive/linking adverbs in front of a new sentence.">
<url>https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/ConjAdv.html</url>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>further</token>
<token regexp="yes">research|down</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker><token>instead</token></marker>
<token>of</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker><token>rather</token></marker>
<token>than</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker><token chunk="B-PP">besides</token></marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker><token>also</token></marker>
<token regexp="yes">in|since</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker><token regexp="yes">thus|still</token></marker>
<token postag="VB." postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker><token>however</token></marker>
<token postag="JJ"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker><token regexp="yes">accordingly|additionally|also|consequently|similarly</token></marker>
<token postag="VBP"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>Also</token>
<token>commemorated</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<!-- typical headline, but may hide real errors... -->
<token>Further</token>
<token>reading</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<!-- TODO: also cover the case where a new sub-clause is connected by ";|, $adverb," and detect missing punctuation -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<!-- now, next, then and yet are not solely linking adverbs and result in too many false positives -->
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">accordingly|additionally|also|besides|comparatively|consequently|conversely|elsewhere|equally|finally|further|furthermore|hence|henceforth|however|indeed|instead|likewise|meanwhile|moreover|namely|nevertheless|nonetheless|otherwise|rather|similarly|still|subsequently|thereafter|therefore|thus|typically
<exception negate_pos="yes" postag="RB">further</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">,</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?</message>
<suggestion>\2,</suggestion>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example correction="Nonetheless,"><marker>Nonetheless</marker> you should set commas to enhance readability.</example>
<example>Further Spanish attacks were harsh.</example>
<example>Besides the power analysis, there are less formal methods...</example>
<example correction="Besides,"><marker>Besides</marker> I promised her we would come.</example>
<example>Also in 1875, the legislature passed the Blaine Amendment.</example>
<example>Thus began the infamous "prison ships" system.</example>
<example>However fast you may walk, you can't catch up with him.</example>
<example>Also specify your gender.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- TODO: also cover the case where a new sub-clause is connected by ";|, $adverb," and detect missing punctuation -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>in</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">addition|contrast|comparison</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">,<exception>to</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?</message>
<suggestion>\3,</suggestion>
<short>Punctuation error</short>
<example correction="addition,">In <marker>addition</marker> he created a great rule for LanguageTool.</example>
<example>In addition to these, it is also featured in Schoolhouse Rock.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Commonly Confused Words -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="CONFUSED_WORDS" name="Commonly Confused Words" type="misspelling">
<rulegroup id="BLU_RAY" name="Blue-ray (Blu-ray)">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">Blueray|blueray|BlueRay|Blue-ray|blue-ray|Blue-Ray|Blu-Ray|blu-ray</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Blu-ray</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Blu-ray">I ordered a <marker>Blueray</marker> disk with their software.</example>
<example>I ordered a <marker>Blu-ray</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">Blue|blue|Blu|blu</token>
<token regexp="yes">Ray|ray</token>
<token regexp="yes">disc|disk</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Blu-ray disc</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Blu-ray disc">I ordered a <marker>Blu ray disk</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Blu-ray</token>
<marker>
<token>disk</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>disc</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="disc">I ordered a Blu-ray <marker>disk</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">Blu|blu</token>
<token regexp="yes">Ray|ray</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Blu-ray</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Blu-ray">I ordered a <marker>Blu ray</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="THEYRE_THEIR" name="they're (their)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"><exception>while</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"><exception>out</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>their</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="their">I'm not worried about <marker>they're</marker> problems.</example>
</rule>
<!-- .*/VBG they're::word=\0 their::pivots=they're,their::options=they're,their -->
<rule id="VBG_THEYRE" name="VBG they're (their)">
<pattern>
<token postag="VBG"><exception postag="VBG" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1"/> their</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="conceptualizing their">They couldn't stop <marker>conceptualizing they're</marker> own demise.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">best|final|fifth|first|fourth|new|next|second|third</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"><exception>out</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>their</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="their">These are <marker>they're</marker> best clothes.</example>
<example>These are their best clothes.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- they're|there own::word=their \1::pivots=\0,their::options=they're,there,their -->
<rulegroup id="THERE_OWN" name="there (their) own">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token>own</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>their <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="their own">They were largely on <marker>there own</marker> that night.</example>
<example>There were largely on their own that night.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>they</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
<token>own</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>their <match no="4"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="their own">They completed the huge project on <marker>they're own</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ZERO-SUM_GAIN" name="zero-sum gain (game)">
<pattern>
<token>zero-sum</token>
<token>gain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 game</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="zero-sum game">It is a <marker>zero-sum gain</marker> when wages are held flat...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TURNED_OFF" name="turned of (off)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">turned|switched</token>
<marker>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>off</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="off">The light was switched <marker>of</marker></example>
<example>The light was turned <marker>off</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_FLEW" name="the flew (flu)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<marker>
<token>flew</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>flu</suggestion> (flew is past tense of fly, flu is a viral disease)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="flu">I have been out with the <marker>flew</marker> for the past 3 days.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LESS_MORE_THEN" name="less/more ... then (than)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">(less|more)</token>
<token postag="(JJ|NN|NN:.*|NNS)" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token min="0" postag="(NN|NN:.*|NNS)" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>then</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>than</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="than">It's less controversial <marker>then</marker> one would think.</example>
<example correction="than">It's a less controversial decision <marker>then</marker> one would think.</example>
<!-- known false alarm: If the structure is one or more thin layers then it will reflect some wavelengths and transmit others. -->
</rule>
<rule id="COMMA_THAN" name="..., than (then)">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" skip="-1"><exception postag="JJR" scope="next"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<marker>
<token>than</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>then</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="then">If we want to eat, <marker>than</marker> we need to get some money.</example>
<example>It's not much more, in fact, than the return that is offered on U. S. Treasury bonds.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FROM_THAN_ON" name="from than (then) on">
<pattern>
<token>from</token>
<token>than</token>
<token>on</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>from then on</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="From then on"><marker>From than on</marker> I entered a period of dullness, nothing bothered me anymore.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AND_THAN" name="and than (then)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">and|since</token>
<marker>
<token>than</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>then</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="then">How to add equal values and <marker>than</marker> replace them with their sum?</example>
<example correction="then">Since <marker>than</marker> we've released two new versions.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THAN_INTERJ" name="..., than, ... (then)">
<pattern>
<token>,</token>
<marker>
<token>than</token>
</marker>
<token>,</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>then</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="then">The genuinely interesting question, <marker>than</marker>, becomes...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WHO_THAN" name="who than (then)">
<pattern>
<token>who</token>
<marker>
<token>than</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>then</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="then">Please, who <marker>than</marker> can help!</example>
<example>Please, who then can help?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="RATHER_THEN" name="rather/other/different then (than)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">rather|other</token>
<marker>
<token>then</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="SENT_END"/><exception>,</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>than</suggestion>? 'than' is used for comparisons, 'then' is an expression of time.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>If you bore each other <marker>then</marker>, heaven help you.</example>
<example correction="than">Single Clicking rather <marker>then</marker> Double Clicking</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>different</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">then|than</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean 'different <suggestion>from</suggestion>'? 'Different than' is often considered colloquial style.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="from">Are human beings any different <marker>than</marker> animals?</example>
<example correction="from">Are human beings any different <marker>then</marker> animals?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="CONFUSION_OF_HART_HEART" name="confusion of hard/heart">
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>the</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">he?ard|hart</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>heart</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="heart">The questions of training and pay lie at the <marker>hard</marker> of the staffing problems.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THAT_BEING_SAID" name="confusion: That being sad (said)">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>That</token>
<token>being</token>
<token regexp="yes">sa[dt]</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>That being said</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="That being said"><marker>That being sad</marker> ...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SAID_SAD" name="confusion sad/said">
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="PRP"><exception postag="PRP$"/></token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">has|have</token>
<marker><token>sad</token></marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>said</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="said">She <marker>sad</marker> that she was tired.</example>
<example correction="said">This is exactly what you have <marker>sad</marker> yesterday.</example>
<example>Are you sad?</example>
<example>He brought us sad news.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_ON_VACATION" name="in (on) vacation">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0" postag="RB">[a-z]+ly</token>
<marker>
<token postag="IN"><exception>on</exception></token>
<token>vacation</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on vacation</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="on vacation">He is probably <marker>in vacation</marker> right now.</example>
<example correction="on vacation">I'm <marker>at vacation</marker> at the seaside.</example>
<example>Where did you go for vacation?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MUST_MOST" name="confusion of must/most">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>must</token>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>course</exception><exception>necessity</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>most of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="most of">I do this <marker>must of</marker> the time.</example>
<example>There must of course be a relationship between translating and making poems of your own.</example>
<example>Policy on Zimbabwe must of necessity be subservient to this greater goal.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PEACE_PIECE" name="peace (piece)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>peace</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">cake|work|information</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>piece</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="piece">It's a <marker>peace</marker> of cake!</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="QUIET_QUITE" name="quite (quiet)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>quite<exception scope="previous">not</exception></token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END" regexp="yes">\p{Punct}</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>quiet</suggestion>? 'quiet' means 'silent', 'quite' mean 'very' or 'to a moderate extent'</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="quiet">Be <marker>quite</marker>!</example>
<example>Not quite.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="OF_CAUSE" name="of cause (course)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>of<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">kind|relation|laws?|concept|chains?|principle|understanding|process|idea|sequence|notion|style|definition|knowledge|certificate|conception|cycle|system|world|nature|sort|theory|matter</exception></token>
<token>cause</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes">(and|to)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>of course</suggestion> (=naturally)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>The law of cause and effect.</example>
<example correction="Of course"><marker>Of cause</marker> all these things are relative.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="I_NEW" name="I/he/we new (knew)">
<!-- not you because of: we need to buy you new shoes -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|he|we</token>
<marker>
<token>new</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>knew</suggestion> (past of 'to know')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="knew">Ah, I <marker>new</marker> you would say that.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="SOME_EXTEND" name="some/certain extend (extent)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">some|certain</token>
<marker>
<token>extend</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>extent</suggestion> ('extent' is a noun, 'extend' is a verb)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="extent">Yes it is, to a certain <marker>extend</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<marker>
<token>extend</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>extent</suggestion> ('extent' is a noun, 'extend' is a verb)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="extent">To the <marker>extend</marker> permitted by law</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="THEIR_IS" name="their (there) is/are">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>their</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">is|are|a</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>there</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="there">He noticed that <marker>their</marker> is a new test.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="MOTHER-IN-LOW" name="mother-in-low (mother-in-law)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">(mother|sister|brother|father|relative|son)s?-in-low</token>
</pattern>
<message>You probably meant: <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(.*)-in-low" regexp_replace="$1-in-law"/></suggestion></message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="mother-in-law">This is her <marker>mother-in-low</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">(mother|sister|brother|father|son|relative)s?</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>low</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. This word is usually spelled with hyphens: <suggestion>\1-\2-law</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="mother-in-law">This is her <marker>mother in low</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="IN_THE_PASSED" name="in the passed (in the past)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>passed</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in the past</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="in the past">We succeeded <marker>in the passed</marker>.</example>
<example>In the past, we had a number of successes.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TOO_TO" name="too go (to go)">
<pattern>
<token>too<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">I|we|you|they</exception></token>
<token postag="VB"><exception postag="JJ|RB" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to \2</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="to go">I want <marker>too go</marker> abroad.</example>
<example>He succeeded almost too well.</example>
<example>It is too narrow.</example>
<example>I too have a son; he's 40 now.</example>
<example>So this too <marker>can</marker>'t be used to prove the theory.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="TO_TOO" name="to/two (too) late/soon/much">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">comes|came|much|is|was|were|are|been|s|re</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">to|two</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">soon|late|easy|early|hard|fast|slow|cold|hot|high|low|narrow|wide|tall|short</token>
<token><exception postag="VB|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<!-- token postag="VBP"; negate_pos="yes"/ -->
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>too</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Items X and Y were <marker>two</marker> items that revolutionized the field.</example>
<example>The plan is <marker>to</marker> soon launch a new plane.</example>
<example>The weather was <marker>too</marker> cold to go swimming.</example>
<example correction="too">His idea came much <marker>to</marker> soon to be successful.</example>
<example correction="too">It is <marker>to</marker> soon to move the entire industry.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>similar</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>much</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>is</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="JJ|VBN"/>
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" negate="yes">access|lead|led</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">to|two</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">much|few</token>
<token negate_pos="yes" postag="JJR"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>too</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>The password provides access <marker>to</marker> much more data.</example>
<example>It's limited <marker>to</marker> much shorter terms.</example>
<example>This led <marker>to</marker> much speculation.</example>
<example>It is restricted to few objects.</example>
<example>It is limited to few objects.</example>
<example>It is applicable to few objects.</example>
<example correction="too">Because <marker>to</marker> much snow was on it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>two</token>
</marker>
<token>many</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>too</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="too">But I see the problem of <marker>two</marker> many files.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|be|were|are|been|s|re</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
<token postag="JJ?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>too</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="too">It's <marker>to</marker> early.</example>
<example>I've never been to Paris.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|be|were|are|been|s|re</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
<token postag="JJ?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">to|for</token>
<token postag="VB"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>too</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="too">It's <marker>to</marker> good to be true.</example>
<example>It's too large for the box.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="YOUR" name="your (you're)">
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>your</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="IN|VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>t</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>your</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>you're</suggestion> or <suggestion>you are</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>It wasn't your painting.</example>
<example correction="you're|you are">Let's see if <marker>your</marker> using multiple search servers.</example>
<example>Your singing puts professional singers to shame.</example>
<example>Your loving friend</example>
<example>Your timing really sucks.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="IN|VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception>t</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>your</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">so|really|just</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>you're</suggestion> or <suggestion>you are</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="You're|You are"><marker>Your</marker> so annoying!</example>
<example>Your singing puts professional singers to shame.</example>
<example>Your loving friend</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>if</token>
<marker>
<token>your</token>
</marker>
<token>a</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>you're</suggestion> or <suggestion>you are</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="you're|you are">Let's see if <marker>your</marker> a developer.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="PIGEON_ENGLISH" name="pigeon (pidgin) English/...">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>pigeon</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">English|French|Spanish|Chinese|Russian</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>pidgin</suggestion> (=simplified language)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Pidgin"><marker>Pigeon</marker> English is spoken widely across Nigeria.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TELEPHONE_POLL" name="telephone/... poll (pole)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">telephone|telegraph|totem</token>
<marker>
<token>poll</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>pole</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="pole">As sort of life crises go, this is low on the totem <marker>poll</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OPINION_POLE" name="opinion/... pole (poll)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">opinion|government|election|exit</token>
<marker>
<token>pole</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>poll</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="poll">Is it possible to add an opinion <marker>pole</marker> to my Myspace page?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="SHELL_WE" name="shell (shall) we">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>Shell</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">we|I</token>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Shall</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Shall"><marker>Shell</marker> we dance?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">We|I</token>
<marker>
<token>shell</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>shall</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="shall">We <marker>shell</marker> overcome.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="I_HERD" name="I herd (heard)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|it|we|they</token>
<marker>
<token>herd</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>heard</suggestion> (past tense of 'hear')?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="heard">I <marker>herd</marker> of a new song by Madonna.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="LOOSE_LOSE" name="loose (lose)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>loose</token>
</marker>
<token postag="DT"/>
<token regexp="yes">key|connection|password</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lose</suggestion> (= miss, waste, suffer the loss etc.)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="lose">I always <marker>loose</marker> the password.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>loose</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP$"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lose</suggestion> (= miss, waste, suffer the loss etc.)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="lose">Who do I contact if I <marker>loose</marker> my passport?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token>loose</token>
</marker>
<token negate_pos="yes" postag="PRP$"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lose</suggestion> (= miss, waste, suffer the loss etc.)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="lose">You don't want to <marker>loose</marker> this job, do you?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="MD"/>
<marker>
<token>loose</token>
</marker>
<token negate_pos="yes" postag="PRP$"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>lose</suggestion> (= miss, waste, suffer the loss etc.)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="lose">You can <marker>loose</marker> so much and gain so little.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="LOSE_LOOSE" name="lose (loose)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>lose</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on the loose</suggestion> (=at large, free)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="on the loose">Spammer <marker>on the lose</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">knock</token>
<marker>
<token>lose</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>loose</suggestion> (=lax, unattached)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="loose">What do you do if your tooth gets knocked <marker>lose</marker>?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="LOSE_LOSS" name="at a lose (at a loss)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>lose</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>at a loss</suggestion> (=puzzled, without any idea)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="at a loss">Feeling <marker>at a lose</marker> and frustrated.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="GIVE_ADVISE" name="give/any/of advise (advice)">
<url>http://www.grammar-monster.com/easily_confused/advice_advise.htm</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">give|gave|given</token>
<token min="0" max="1" postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token>advise</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>advice</suggestion> (a noun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="advice">Please give me <marker>advise</marker>, I don't know what to do.</example>
<example correction="advice">Could someone give <marker>advise</marker> on a better way to do this.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="DT"/>
<marker>
<token>advise</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>advice</suggestion> (a noun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="advice">Any <marker>advise</marker> is welcome!</example>
<example>Any advice is welcome.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">of|from|my|your|his|her|our</token>
<marker>
<token>advise</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>advice</suggestion> (a noun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="advice">What was the best piece of <marker>advise</marker> that you ever got?</example>
<example correction="advice">He didn't listen to my <marker>advise</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="MD"/>
<marker>
<token>advice</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>advise</suggestion> (a verb)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="advise">I must <marker>advice</marker> you to go.</example>
<example>I cannot advise you anything.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ADVICE_ADVISE" name="advice (advise)" type="grammar">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>IT</token>
<token>advice</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="PRP"><exception postag="PRP" negate_pos="yes"/><exception scope="previous" inflected="yes" regexp="yes">offer|give</exception></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">advices?</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="ice" regexp_replace="ise"/></suggestion> (verb) instead of <match no="2"/> (noun)?</message>
<url>http://www.grammar-monster.com/easily_confused/advice_advise.htm</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="advise">We <marker>advice</marker> you to do it.</example>
<example correction="advises">He <marker>advices</marker> you to do it.</example>
<example>We <marker>advise</marker> you to come by public transport</example>
<example correction="advise">We <marker>advice</marker> you to come by public transport.</example>
<example>I could offer you advice, Tomas, but you wouldn't heed it.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="HERE_HEAR" name="here (hear)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>can</token>
<marker>
<token>here</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hear</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="hear">I can <marker>here</marker> you!</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>can</token>
<token postag="RB"/>
<marker>
<token>here</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hear</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="hear">I can almost <marker>here</marker> you crying.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<or>
<token>t</token>
<token>not</token>
</or>
<marker>
<token>here</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">from|of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>hear</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="hear">If you don't <marker>here</marker> from me in a day...</example>
<example correction="hear">If you do not <marker>here</marker> from me in a day...</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="HEAR_HERE" name="hear (here)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>hear</token>
</marker>
<token>is</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>here</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Here"><marker>Hear</marker> is an entertainment fit for giants.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WITCH_HAUNT" name="witch haunt (witch hunt)">
<pattern>
<token>witch</token>
<token>haunt</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 hunt</suggestion> (=search for witches)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="witch hunt">An anti-Polish <marker>witch haunt</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="TEEM_TEAM" name="football teem (football team)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">management|football|research|project|home|display|youth|cup|development|design|sales|rescue|cricket|production|care|action|hockey|rugby|league|campaign|inspection|support|soccer|mortar|test|specialist|negotiating|relay|buy-out|course|world|health|investigation|planning|school|treasury|inquiry|planting|service|styling|division|improvement|marketing|review|services|ward|policy|work|area|basketball|club|control|dream|hospital|insight|protection|sports|town|baseball|executive|touring|university|buyout</token>
<token>teem</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 team</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="football team">This is my favorite <marker>football teem</marker>.</example>
<example>The gardens teem with squawking parrots.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SNEAK_PEAK" name="sneak peak (sneak peek)">
<pattern>
<token>sneak</token>
<token>peak</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 peek</suggestion> (=preview)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="sneak peek">Yahoo has released a <marker>sneak peak</marker> into Yahoo! BrowserPlus.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONFUSION_OF_ANOTHER_IN_OTHER" name="confusion of another/in other">
<pattern>
<token>another</token>
<token>words</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in other words</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="in other words">Let me say this <marker>another words</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONFUSION_OF_SOBBER_SOBER" name="sobber (sober)">
<pattern>
<token>sobber</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>sober</suggestion> (=not intoxicated)? "Sobber" means "weeper, someone one who cries".</message>
<example correction="sober">I'm <marker>sobber</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOR_ALL_INTENSIVE_PURPOSES" name="for all intensive purposes (for all intents and purposes)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">for|to</token>
<token>all</token>
<token regexp="yes">intensive|intense</token>
<token min="0">and</token>
<token>purposes</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 all intents and purposes</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="for all intents and purposes">Well, not all of it, but <marker>for all intensive purposes</marker>, I read it.</example>
<example correction="To all intents and purposes"><marker>To all intensive and purposes</marker> the case is closed.</example>
<example correction="for all intents and purposes">Well, not all of it, but <marker>for all intense purposes</marker>, I read it.</example>
<example correction="To all intents and purposes"><marker>To all intense and purposes</marker> the case is closed.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="KNOW_NOW" name="know (now)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>know</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>then</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>now and then</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="now and then">My mom used to make a hell of a burrito every <marker>know and then</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>right</token>
<token>know</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>right now</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="right now">Girls wanting to meet you <marker>right know</marker>!</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>from</token>
<token>know</token>
<token>on</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>from now on</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="From now on"><marker>From know on</marker>, he is the “Big Kahuna”.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes"><exception scope="previous">t</exception>and|but|by|even|from|so</token>
<marker>
<token>know</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>now</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="now">And <marker>know</marker> he is leaving.</example>
<example>I don't even know myself.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="MD"/>
<marker>
<token>know</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB"><exception regexp="yes">well|better</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>now</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="now">I can <marker>know</marker> say something more.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>letting</token>
<token regexp="yes">me|us</token>
<marker>
<token>now</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>know</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="know">Thanks for letting us <marker>now</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="IN_VEIN" name="in vein (in vain)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>vein</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in vain</suggestion> (=unsuccessfully)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="in vain">I have been looking <marker>in vein</marker> 30 plus years with no luck.</example>
<example>I have been looking in vain for 30 years.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="INSURE_THAT" name="insure that (ensure that)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>insure</token>
</marker>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>ensure</suggestion> (=make sure)? 'Insure' means 'pay money to insurance company'.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="ensure">Please <marker>insure</marker> that you are registered with us.</example>
<example>Please insure your car against theft.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_MASSE" name="in masse (en masse)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>masse</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>en masse</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="en masse">HP Already Shipping Linux <marker>in Masse</marker></example>
<example>HP Already Shipping Linux En Masse</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOR_SELL" name="for sell (for sale)">
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>sell</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>for sale</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="for sale">Current Michigan homes <marker>for sell</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="CHALK_FULL" name="chalk full (chock-full)">
<pattern>
<token>chalk</token>
<token>full</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>chock-full</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Chock-full"><marker>Chalk full</marker> of mobile content</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EGG_YOKE" name="egg yoke (egg yolk)">
<pattern>
<token>egg</token>
<token>yoke</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>egg yolk</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="egg yolk">Chocolate mousse with <marker>egg yoke</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="ET_ALL" name="et all (et al.)">
<pattern>
<token>et</token>
<token>all</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>et al.</suggestion> (=and others) or <suggestion>at all</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="et al.|at all">In the recent paper by Shakespeare <marker>et all</marker>, it is argued that envy is not unique to primates.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BOB_WIRE" name="bob/barb wire (barbed wire)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">bob|barb</token>
<token>wire</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>barbed wire</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="barbed wire">Building a <marker>bob wire</marker> fence</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BYE_THE_WAY" name="bye the way (by the way)">
<pattern>
<token>bye</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>way</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>by the way</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="by the way">And <marker>bye the way</marker>, this program is open source.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BACK_AND_FOURTH" name="back and fourth (back and forth)">
<pattern>
<token>back</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>fourth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>back and forth</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="back and forth">How to move <marker>back and fourth</marker> from linux to xmb?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BACK_IN_FORTH" name="back in forth (back and forth)">
<pattern>
<token>back</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>forth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>back and forth</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="back and forth">I've been texting <marker>back in forth</marker> with him for the past 3 days.</example>
<example>I've been texting back and forth with him for the past 3 days</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALL_FOR_NOT" name="all for not (all for naught)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>all</token>
<token>for</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|knot</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="VBG"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>all for naught</suggestion> (=all for nothing)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Sorry all for not being in the chat.</example>
<example correction="all for naught">My farmer pants were <marker>all for not</marker>...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MASSAGE_MESSAGE" name="error massage (message)">
<pattern>
<token skip="1" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">diagnostic|deliver|email|error|new|radio|send|text</token>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">massage</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">instruction|method|salon|stroke|studio</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="massag" regexp_replace="messag"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>That is a new <marker>massage</marker> method.</example>
<example correction="message">There is an error <marker>massage</marker>.</example>
<example correction="messages">I sent different <marker>massages</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="CHANCE_CHANGE" name="chance (change) a setting">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" skip="3">chance <exception scope="next">change</exception></token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">behaviou?r|mode|setting</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="chanc" regexp_replace="chang"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="change">Do not <marker>chance</marker> these settings!</example>
<example correction="changes">He always <marker>chances</marker> the behaviour of the application.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">API|climate</token>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" skip="3">chance</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="chanc" regexp_replace="chang"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="change">The climate <marker>chance</marker> must be stopped.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="FORMALLY_KNOWN_AS" name="formally known as (formerly known as)">
<pattern>
<token>formally</token>
<token>known</token>
<token>as</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>formerly \2 \3</suggestion> (=known earlier under the name of)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="formerly known as">The artist <marker>formally known as</marker> Prince</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="BREATHE_BREATH" name="breath (breathe)">
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">could|can|cannot|(?-i)I|you|we|they|he|she|it</token>
<marker>
<token>breath</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>breathe</suggestion>? '\2' is a noun.</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="breathe">I could <marker>breath</marker>.</example>
<example correction="breathe">I cannot <marker>breath</marker>.</example>
<example correction="breathe">Can you <marker>breath</marker>?</example>
<example>If I <marker>breathe</marker> slowly and deeply, I start to relax.</example>
<example>They breathe slowly.</example>
<example>Do tests for these: i <marker>breath</marker>, ii heartbeat, iii ...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">couldn|can</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<marker>
<token>breath</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>breathe</suggestion>? '\4' is a noun.</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="breathe">I couldn't <marker>breath</marker>.</example>
<example>They breathe slowly.</example>
<example correction="breathe">We can't <marker>breath</marker> under water.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">can|could</token>
<token>not</token>
<token>breath</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>can not breathe</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example correction="can not breathe">We <marker>can not breath</marker> under water.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="PRP$"><exception scope="previous">had</exception></token>
<marker><token>breathe</token></marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>breath</suggestion>? 'Breathe' is a verb.</message>
<short>Possible grammatical error</short>
<example>I can't hold my breath.</example>
<example correction="breath">I am not going to hold my <marker>breathe</marker> that he will do anything</example>
<example>Then he had her breathe on the canvas.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ASK_WETHER" name="ask wether/weather (whether)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" skip="1" regexp="yes">ask|question</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">wea?ther</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whether</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>I asked whether it was true.</example>
<example correction="whether">Don't ask me <marker>wether</marker> it is already decided!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BRAKE_AWAY_BREAK_AWAY" name="brake away (break away)">
<pattern>
<token>brake<exception scope="previous" postag="DT|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token>away</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>break away</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="break away">The should <marker>brake away</marker> from Russia.</example>
<example>They should break away from Russia.</example>
<example>When you take the hand brake away, the car will stay still if the clutch is in the right position.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BE_ALOUD_TO" name="aloud to (allowed to)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<marker>
<token>aloud</token>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo. Did you mean <suggestion>allowed to</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>We are allowed to talk.</example>
<example correction="allowed to">Who is <marker>aloud to</marker> get information from your mail?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AIRPLANE_HANGER" name="airplane hanger (airplane hangar)">
<pattern>
<token>airplane</token>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">hanger</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match=".*r(.*)$" regexp_replace="hangar$1"/></suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="hangars">These are airplane <marker>hangers</marker>.</example>
<example>They had a wedding in an airplane hangar.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DO_TO_THE_FACT_THAT" name="'Do to that fact that' -> 'Due to'">
<pattern>
<token>Do</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>due to</suggestion> or <suggestion>because of</suggestion> to fix spelling and readability of this sentence.</message>
<url>https://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/dueto.html</url>
<example correction='Due to|Because of'><marker>Do to the fact that</marker> the MTA has burned through leaders at a rate of nearly one per year over the last six years, ...</example>
<example>Due to</example>
<example>Because of</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MINUETS" name="minuet (minute)">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">minuets?</token>
<token regexp="yes">piano|music|composed|style</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">Mozart|Bach|Beethoven|Boccherini|elaborate|stately|trumpet|orchestra</token>
<token regexp="yes">minuets?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">minuets?</token>
<token>for</token>
<token regexp="yes">orchestra|keyboard|piano|flute|harpsichord|guitar|violin</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">minuets?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="minuet" regexp_replace="minute"/></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="minutes">The main plaza and town is located ten <marker>minuets</marker> walking distance from the beach.</example>
<example correction="minute">The main plaza and town is located one <marker>minuet</marker> walking distance from the beach.</example>
<example>Minuet for piano in G major, WoO 10/2 - Ludwig van Beethoven</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LAWSUIT" name="law suit (lawsuit)" >
<pattern>
<token>law</token>
<token inflected='yes' regexp="yes">suit|suite</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>law<match no="2" regexp_match="suite" regexp_replace="suit" /></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="lawsuit">The plaintiff brought a <marker>law suit</marker> against the defendant</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DEPENDENT" name="Dependent" >
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>dependant</token>
</marker>
<token>on</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>dependent</suggestion> on?</message>
<example correction="dependent">They are <marker>dependant</marker> on the results</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BUY_VBG" name="buy (by) + gerund verb">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>buy</token>
</marker>
<token postag='VBG'><exception>cooking</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>by</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction='by'>We exploit these two features <marker>buy</marker> using Named Entity recognition.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FURTHER_ADIEU" name="Further ado instead of further adieu">
<pattern>
<token>further</token>
<token>adieu</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>further ado</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/without+further+ado</url>
<example correction="further ado">Without <marker>further adieu</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADOPT_TO" name="Adapt to v. adopt to">
<pattern>
<token>adopt</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>adapt to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="adapt to">Maybe you will need time to <marker>adopt to</marker> the situation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TO_AIDE" name="Aide in wrong context">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>aide</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to aid</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://grammar.about.com/od/alightersideofwriting/a/Aid-And-Aide.htm</url>
<example correction="to aid">I want <marker>to aide</marker> you in a task.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALL_THE_FURTHER" name="'all the further' is a common, but incorrect phrase">
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>further</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>as far as</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="as far as">That's <marker>all the further</marker> I'll go.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALLY_ALLAY" name="'ally' used in wrong situation">
<pattern case_sensitive='yes'>
<marker>
<token>ally</token>
</marker>
<token postag='VBZ|NNS|VB|VBP|NN:UN' postag_regexp='yes'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>allay</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://lessons.englishgrammar101.com/EnglishGrammar101/Module6/Lesson6-8.aspx</url>
<example correction="allay">I would like to <marker>ally</marker> concern.</example>
</rule>
<!--
<rule id="ALOT_ALLOT" name="In this situation, allot has a double 'l'">
<pattern case_sensitive='yes'>
<token>alot</token>
<token postag='NN:U|NNS|JJ|VB|VBP' postag_regexp='yes'></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>allot <match no="2"/></suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://www.grammar-monster.com/easily_confused/alot_a_lot_allot.htm</url>
<example type='incorrect'>I would like to <marker>alot time</marker> for a task.</example>
<example>I would like to allot time for a task.</example>
</rule>
-->
<rule id="AMENABLE_AMENDABLE" name="Amendable to error">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>amendable</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>amenable</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="amenable">You must be <marker>amendable</marker> to compromise.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ARCHITECT_VERB" name="Architect as a verb">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token>architect</token>
</marker>
<token postag='DT|NN|NNS|NN:U|NN:UN' postag_regexp='yes'/>
</pattern>
<message>Architect is a noun, not a verb. Did you mean <suggestion>design</suggestion> or <suggestion>devise</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Architect is a noun, not a verb</short>
<example correction="design|devise">I would like to <marker>architect</marker> a house</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ASCETIC_ACID" name="Ascetic acid v acetic acid">
<pattern>
<token>ascetic</token>
<token>acid</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>acetic acid</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="acetic acid">There was a spill of <marker>ascetic acid</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AS_WELL_AS_BETTER" name="Missing 'as' in 'as well as or better than'">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>well</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>better</token>
<token>than</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>as well as or better than</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="As well as or better than"><marker>As well or better than</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="AWAITING_FOR" name="Awaiting for - incorrect">
<pattern>
<token>awaiting</token>
<token>for</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>awaiting</suggestion> or <suggestion>waiting for</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="awaiting|waiting for">He was <marker>awaiting for</marker> a person.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AXED_ASKED" name="Axed v asked">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>axed</token>
</marker>
<token postag='PRP'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>asked</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="asked">He <marker>axed</marker> me to dinner.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PUBIC_X" name="pubic (public) education etc.">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>pubic</token>
</marker>
<!-- source of exceptions: the most common words after 'pubic' from Google ngran corpus (v1) -->
<token><exception regexp="yes">hairs?|bones?|symphysis|areas?|and|tubercles?|arch|regions?|ramus|rami|lice|crest|triangle|or|mound|ligament|louse|spine|hairlines?|angle|branch|portions?|skins?|symphyseal|symphyses</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>public</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Public"><marker>Pubic</marker> Affairs is a term for the formal offices of the branches of the US Department of Defense.</example>
<example><marker>Pubic</marker> hair is the hair in the frontal genital area of adolescent and adult humans.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONFUSION_OF_CORRAL_CORAL" name="corral (coral)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>corral</token>
</marker>
<token regexp='yes'>polyps?|reefs?|islands?|necklaces?|lipsticks?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>coral</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Coral"><marker>Corral</marker> reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems.</example>
<example correction="coral">She likes <marker>corral</marker> lipsticks.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CALENDER" name="calender (calendar)">
<pattern>
<token>calender</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>calendar</suggestion>, a system of organizing days? A 'calender' is a machine.</message>
<example correction="calendar">A <marker>calender</marker> is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial or administrative purposes.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ON_BEHAVE" name="on behave (on behalf)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>behave</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on behalf</suggestion> (in the name of, as a representative of)?</message>
<example correction="on behalf">They act <marker>on behave</marker> of a user.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WITCH_IS_WRONG" name="witch (which) is wrong">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>witch</token>
</marker>
<token regexp='yes'>is|was</token>
<token regexp='yes'>wrong|right</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>which</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="which">Which position is right and <marker>witch</marker> is wrong</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THEY_WHERE" name="where (were)">
<antipattern>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
<token>there</token>
<token regexp="yes">is|are|were|was</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>there</token>
<token regexp="yes">were|are</token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="NNS"/>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>there</token>
<token regexp="yes">was|is</token>
<token postag="DT"></token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>there</token>
<token regexp="yes">was|is</token>
<token postag="DT"></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>be</token>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>take</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">out|over|in|up</token>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|head|hold</token>
<marker>
<token>there</token>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>they|we|there</token>
<marker>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>were</suggestion>, the simple past of "to be"?</message>
<example correction="were">It seems unlikely that they <marker>where</marker> going to achieve it.</example>
<example correction="were">There <marker>where</marker> major delays because of weather.</example>
<example>And it was from there where I drove back to camp.</example>
<example>Yet, are we there where our founding fathers wanted us to be?</example>
<example>There were public showers there where homeless people could get cleaned up.</example>
<example>Montreal is just happy to be there where losing is no option.</example>
<example>Take me there where the sky is shimmering of a flourishing shuffling.</example>
<example>Tell me why, I can't be there where you are...</example>
<example>And how many other businesses are there where the retailer has no control over price?</example>
<example>There was a long time there where my feelings for him was hella twisted.</example>
<example>Additionally, there was a couple there where a woman had her entire arm adorned with a huge elaborate tattoo.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ALTER_BOY" name="confusion of alter/altar">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>alter</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">boy|server</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>altar</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="altar">He was an <marker>alter</marker> boy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>the</token>
<marker>
<token>alter</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>altar</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="altar">He was at the <marker>alter</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">significantly|radically|fundamentally|dramatically|drastically|substantially</token>
<marker>
<token>altar</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>alter</suggestion> (=change)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="alter"> Forty-seven percent of executives said they were concerned that retiring Boomers will significantly <marker>altar</marker> the workforce in the next decade.</example>
<example>He will radically alter his work.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="CONFUSION_OF_DECENT_DESCENT" name="confusion of decent/descent">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">Aboriginal|African|Albanian|American|Armenian|Asian|British|Canadian|Caribbean|Chinese|Davidic|Dutch|English|European|French|Irish|Indian|Italian|Japanese|Jewish|German|Greek|Mexican|Polish|Scottish|Spanish|common|steep|direct|high|gradual|noble</token>
<marker>
<token>decent</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>descent</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="descent">He is of Asian <marker>decent</marker>.</example>
<example>He is of Asian descent</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">with|provide|few|have|really|thoroughly|halfway|get|quite|fairly|reasonably|being|still|look|relatively|some|otherwise|most|be|perfectly|offer|way|create|how|many|up|enough|pretty|somewhat|mad|just|also|fundamentally<exception>s</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>descent</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>decent</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="decent">Looking for a hotel with <marker>descent</marker> rooms.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DIFFUSE_TENSIONS" name="diffuse (defuse) tensions">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>diffuse</token>
</marker>
<token min="0">the</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">tension|situation</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>defuse</suggestion>, as in removing the fuse from a bomb? "Diffuse" as a verb means to spread out.</message>
<url>http://afterdeadline.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/08/close-but-not-quite-4/</url>
<example correction="defuse">They gathered at her police precinct to thank officers for their work and to <marker>diffuse</marker> tensions.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COUNSEL_GENERAL" name="counsel (consul) general">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>counsel</token>
<token>general</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>consul general</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://afterdeadline.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/08/close-but-not-quite-4/</url>
<example correction="consul general">Archer Blood, the <marker>counsel general</marker> in Dacca.</example>
<example>The Counsel General for Wales is the Welsh Government’s Law Officer.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WILDLY_ACCEPTED" name="wildly (widely) accepted">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>wildly</token>
</marker>
<token>accepted</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>widely</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="widely">This idea is now <marker>wildly</marker> accepted.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THROUGH_THOROUGH" name="a through(thorough) discussion etc.">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<marker>
<token>through</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>thorough</suggestion> (accurate, exhaustive)?</message>
<example correction="thorough">The manual does not have a <marker>through</marker> discussion of the topic.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WAS_WANDERING_IF" name="I was wandering (wondering) if">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">am|was|is|been</token>
<marker>
<token>wandering</token>
</marker>
<token>if</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wondering</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="wondering">I was <marker>wandering</marker> if someone could help me.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="KNEW_NEW" name="knew (new)">
<pattern>
<token postag="JJ">
<exception regexp="yes">only|ever|already|or|then|likely|soon|now|one|else|few|much</exception>
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
</token>
<marker>
<token>knew</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>new</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>The artistic community <marker>knew</marker> his name.</example>
<example>If I only <marker>knew</marker> how.</example>
<example correction="new">This is very <marker>knew</marker> to me.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PRICE_PRIZE" name="price (prize)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">win</token>
<token regexp="yes">the|a</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">pri[sc]es?</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="3" regexp_match="pri[sc]" regexp_replace="priz"/></suggestion> (reward)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="prize">She won a <marker>price</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>consolation</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">pri[sc]es?</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="pri[sc]" regexp_replace="priz"/></suggestion> (reward)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="prize">That is the consolation <marker>price</marker>.</example>
<example correction="prizes">These are the consolation <marker>prices</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">Nobel|Noble</token>
<token regexp="yes">pri[sc]e</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>Nobel Prize</suggestion> (reward)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="Nobel Prize">That is the <marker>Nobel Price</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PRIZE_PRICE" name="prize (price)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">pri[sz]e</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">spiral|stability</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>price</suggestion> (cost)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="price">This is called <marker>prize</marker> spiral.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="LOOK_WATCH" name="look (watch)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<marker>
<token skip="2">looking<exception scope="next">for</exception></token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">TV|television</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>watching</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="watching">I am <marker>looking</marker> TV.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token skip="2">looks<exception scope="next">for</exception></token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">TV|television</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>watches</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="watches">She <marker>looks</marker> TV every morning.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token skip="2">look<exception scope="next">for</exception></token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">TV|television</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>watch</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="watch">I <marker>look</marker> TV every morning.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token skip="2">looked<exception scope="next">for</exception></token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">TV|television</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>watched</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="watched">I <marker>looked</marker> TV in the morning.</example>
<example correction="watched">She <marker>looked</marker> poker on television.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SITE_SIDE" name="site (side)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">positive|negative</token>
<marker>
<token>site</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>side</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="side">On the positive <marker>site</marker>, there are some improvements.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SIDE_SITE" name="side (site)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">abandoned|building|construction</token>
<marker>
<token>side</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>site</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="site">There is a construction <marker>side</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="BELIEVE_BELIEF" name="believe (belief)">
<pattern>
<token postag="JJ|PRP\$|W?DT" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|PRP\$|W?DT" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/><exception regexp="yes">former|th[eo]se|some|many|all</exception></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">believes?</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="ieve" regexp_replace="ief"/></suggestion> (noun) instead of <match no="2"/> (verb)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>We <marker>believe</marker> that this is wrong.</example>
<example>an atheist <marker>believe</marker></example>
<example correction="belief">It is my strong <marker>believe</marker> that something has to be changed.</example>
<example>Mr. Kennedy, Mr. White believes, had mastered politics on so many different levels that no other American could match him.</example>
<example correction="belief">It is the <marker>believe</marker> of the people.</example>
<example correction="beliefs">Are there different <marker>believes</marker>?</example>
<example>Some <marker>believe</marker> the public should have the freedom.</example>
<example>We all believe that it's true.</example>
<example>My sister believes that I'll end up with someone really generic.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BELIEF_BELIEVE" name="belief (believe)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token postag="PRP|NNP" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="PRP|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/></token> -->
<token postag="PRP"><exception postag="PRP" negate_pos="yes"/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">beliefs?</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="ief" regexp_replace="ieve"/></suggestion> (verb) instead of <match no="2"/> (noun)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>But Baptist beliefs can vary.</example>
<example correction="believe">We <marker>belief</marker> that this is wrong.</example>
<example correction="believes">He <marker>beliefs</marker> that this is wrong.</example>
<example>Joan of Arc refused to renounce her belief that the voice she heard was from God.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PROVE_PROOF" name="prove (proof)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>prove</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>concept</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>proof of concept</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="proof of concept">It's just a <marker>prove of concept</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="JJ|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" negate_pos="yes"/><exception>former</exception></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">proves?</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="ove" regexp_replace="oof"/></suggestion> (noun) instead of <match no="2"/> (verb)?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="proof">Their <marker>prove</marker> is wrong.</example>
<!--<example correction="proof">The <marker>prove</marker> is wrong.</example> TODO-->
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="IT_SEAMS" name="it seams (seems)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>it</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</marker>
<token>seems</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>it</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="it">Being vegan easier than <marker>it's</marker> seems, experts say.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<marker>
<token>seams</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>seems</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="seems">Being vegan easier than it <marker>seams</marker>, experts say.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EASE_OFF_USE" name="ease off (of) use">
<pattern>
<token>ease</token>
<marker>
<token>off</token>
</marker>
<token>use</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>of</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="of">Increase ease <marker>off</marker> use.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="NOT_AD_ALL" name="not ad (at) all">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token>ad</token>
</marker>
<token>all</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>at</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="at">No, not <marker>ad</marker> all.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<marker>
<token>ad</token>
</marker>
<token>all</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>at</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="at">This is not true <marker>ad</marker> all.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="TAKING_CASE_OF_IT" name="take case (care) of it">
<pattern>
<!-- needs to be this specific to avoid false alarm on e.g. "Michigan court won't take case of boy's broken wrist" -->
<token inflected="yes">take</token>
<marker>
<token>case</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">it|the|a|an</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>care</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>We're taking <marker>care</marker> of it.</example>
<example correction="care">We need to take <marker>case</marker> of it.</example>
<example correction="care">We took <marker>case</marker> of it.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="I_WANDER_IF" name="I wander (wonder) if">
<pattern>
<token>I</token>
<marker>
<token>wander</token>
</marker>
<token>if</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>wonder</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="wonder">I <marker>wander</marker> if I'm studying enough?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WORTH_THAN" name="worth (worse) than">
<pattern>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes">more|less</token>
<marker>
<token>worth</token>
</marker>
<token>than</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>worse</suggestion>, the comparative of 'bad'?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example>Zynga estimated to be more <marker>worth</marker> than EA.</example>
<example correction="worse">Is cloud hosting <marker>worth</marker> than hostgator?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NOT_JET" name="not jet (yet)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<marker>
<token>jet</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>yet</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="yet">That is not <marker>jet</marker> decided.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="YOUR_NN" name="your (you're)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="no">you</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>re</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN|NN:U|NN:UN|NNPS|NNS" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag="JJ"/>
<exception regexp="yes">one|still|right|in</exception></token>
<token><exception>enough</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>your</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example><marker>You're</marker> still working on it?</example>
<example><marker>You're</marker> right!</example>
<example>Let me know what you're up to.</example>
<example>If you're drunk don't take the wheel of a car.</example>
<example>You're old enough to know better.</example>
<example>You're forever making mistakes.</example>
<example>You're in perky form, aren't you?</example>
<example> You're man enough to let her play, she's experimental and confident enough to do it.</example>
<example correction="Your"><marker>You're</marker> optimization is a good example.</example>
<example>You're Arthur Willis.</example>
<example>You're in better shape than I am.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ACCEPT_EXCEPT" name="accept/except">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>please</token>
<marker>
<token>except</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>accept</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="accept">Please <marker>except</marker> my apologies.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>(</token>
<marker>
<token>accept</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>except</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="except">Police found the culprits (<marker>accept</marker> one).</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="VBN|VBD" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>did</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>accept</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>except</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="except">This is done <marker>accept</marker> for that fact that we still have JBossws 2.0.0 binaries.</example>
<example>This is done except for the fact that we still have JBossws 2.0.0 binaries.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="AFFECT_EFFECT" name="affect vs effect">
<url>http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/style-and-usage/affect-effect-grammar.html</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>affect</token>
<token postag='RP'/>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>effect</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="effect">The primary <marker>affect on</marker> property values.</example>
<example>The primary effect on property values.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- to no affect, to the affect -->
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token regexp="yes">no|the</token>
<marker>
<token>affect</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>effect</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="effect">We tried appeasing the rain gods, but to no <marker>affect</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- an affect on -->
<pattern>
<token>an</token>
<marker>
<token>affect</token>
</marker>
<token>on</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>effect</suggestion> (=influence)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="effect">Regional factors have an <marker>affect</marker> on hotel guest satisfaction.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- in affect -->
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>affect</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>in effect</suggestion> (in substance, virtually)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="in effect">Parking Fees are <marker>in affect</marker> in this park.</example>
<example>Parking Fees are in effect in this park</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- take affect, took affect, into affect -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">took|take|into</token>
<marker>
<token>affect</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>effect</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="effect">The ban took <marker>affect</marker> at midnight.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- may effect, might effect, would effect, etc -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">might|may|often|could|would|will|did|does|not|typically</token>
<marker>
<token>effect</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>affect</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="affect">That might <marker>effect</marker> the bottom line.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- may effect, might effect, would effect, etc -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">might|may|often|could|would|will|did|does|not|typically</token>
<token postag="RB"/>
<marker>
<token>effect</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>affect</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="affect">That might adversely <marker>effect</marker> the bottom line.</example>
<example>That might affect the bottom line.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- couldn't effect, shouldn't effect, didn't effect, etc. -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">couldn|shouldn|wouldn|didn|won|can</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
<marker>
<token>effect</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>affect</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="affect">The medicine shouldn't <marker>effect</marker> the baby.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- could've effected, should've effected, etc. -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">could|should|would</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>ve</token>
<marker>
<token>effected</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>affected</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="affected">The medicine would've <marker>effected</marker> the baby.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- an immediate affect, no overall affect, with immediate affect, etc. -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">an|into|the|no|take|with</token>
<token regexp="yes">immediate|initial|event|overall|total</token>
<marker>
<token>affect</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>effect</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="effect">The laws had an immediate <marker>affect</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- two immediate affects, no overall affects, the immediate affects, etc. -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">two|three|four|five|into|the|no|take|with</token>
<token regexp="yes">immediate|initial|event|overall|total</token>
<marker>
<token>affects</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>effects</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="effects">There was a law with immediate <marker>affects</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>side</token>
<token>affect</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>side effect</suggestion> (=adverse effect, unintended consequence)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="side effect">A <marker>side affect</marker> of global warming</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>side</token>
<token>affects</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>side effects</suggestion> (=adverse effect, unintended consequence)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="side effects">The <marker>side affects</marker> of global warming</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">side-effect|side-affect</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>side effect</suggestion> (=adverse effect, unintended consequence)? Open compounds are not hyphenated.</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="side effect">A <marker>side-affect</marker> of global warming</example>
</rule>
<!-- cause and affect::word=cause and effect::pivots=affect,effect -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>cause</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>affect</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>cause and effect</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="cause and effect">The experiment didn't obey the laws of <marker>cause and affect</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>badly</token>
<token>effected</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 affected</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="badly affected">She was <marker>badly effected</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ECONOMICAL_ECONOMIC" name="'economical (economic) growth' etc.">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>economical</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">growth|development|policy|activity|recovery|reform|policies|crisis|cooperation|co-operation|problems|conditions|system|reforms|performance|history|climate|indicators|relations|power|situation|community|life|planning|affairs|theory|recession|change|review|factors|aid|benefits|circumstances|decline|sanctions|interests|analysis|strategy|difficulties|integration|issues|efficiency|assistance|position|terms|management|base|programme|digest|environment|union|activities|modelling|structure|success|reasons|sense|changes|forces|order|progress|loss|consequences|prosperity|resources|pressures|commission|depression|systems|miracle|regeneration|structures|trends|blockade|adviser|impact|restructuring|developments|measures|prospects|independence|stability|status|support|expansion</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>economic</suggestion> (=connected with economy)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="economic">This article deals with <marker>economical</marker> development of the Third World.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ECONOMIC_ECONOMICAL" name="'economic (economical) car' etc.">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>economic</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">way|use|repair|means|methods|method|price|proposition|manner|basis|car|cooking|design|heating|motoring|shopper</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>economical</suggestion> (=affordable, cheap)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="economical">This is a very <marker>economic</marker> car.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="IN_PRINCIPAL" name="principal (principle)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>in</token>
<token inflected="yes">principal</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 <match no="2" postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes">principle</match></suggestion> (=as a rule)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="In principle"><marker>In principal</marker> I don't think it will be too difficult.</example>
<example>In principle, I don't think it will be too difficult.</example>
<example>Each award of more than $1,000 in principal amount</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>basic</token>
<token inflected="yes">principal</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1 <match no="2" postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes">principle</match></suggestion> (=rule)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example>In principle, I don't think it will be too difficult.</example>
<example correction="basic principles">In this discussion we have endeavored to do this: to point out <marker>basic principals</marker> of liberty in which all people can believe.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>principle</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">activity|use|engineer|investigator|action|source|town|effect|actor|advantage|agent|aim|area|artist|assistant|attraction|author|branch|caste?|cause|character|church|city|component|composer|goal|group|method|officer?|owner|advocate|photography|student</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>principal</suggestion> (=main)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="principal">The <marker>principle</marker> activity of the Foundation is centred on humanitarian aid and charity, especially with regards to children.</example>
<example>The principal activity of the Foundation is focused on humanitarian aid and charity.</example>
<example correction="principal">Dr. Baumrind was listed as the grant's <marker>principle</marker> investigator.</example>
<example correction="principal">Laundering money was the mob's <marker>principle</marker> activity.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>school</token>
<token>principle</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>school principal</suggestion> (=head of school)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="school principal">Mr Brown is our new <marker>school principle</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SAY_TELL" name="say (tell)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>say</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">me|him|her</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Say' cannot be followed by a direct personal object. Did you mean <suggestion>tell</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="Tell"><marker>Say</marker> me the truth.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>said</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">me|him|her</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Say' cannot be followed by a direct personal object. Did you mean <suggestion>told</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="told">He <marker>said</marker> me the truth.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>says</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">me|him|her</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Say' cannot be followed by a direct personal object. Did you mean <suggestion>tells</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="tells">He <marker>says</marker> me the truth.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="EVERYDAY_EVERY_DAY" name="everyday (every day)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>everyday</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</pattern>
<message>'Everyday' is an adjective, and the comma is missing. Did you mean <suggestion>every day, \3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="Every day, he"><marker>Everyday he</marker> gets up early.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>everyday</token>
</marker>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</pattern>
<message>'Everyday' is an adjective. Did you mean <suggestion>every day</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="Every day"><marker>Everyday</marker>, he gets up early.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>everyday</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|PRP|JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>'Everyday' is an adjective. Did you mean <suggestion>every day</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="every day">He gets up early <marker>everyday</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="NIECE_NICE" name="niece (nice) day etc.">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>niece</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">try|holiday|vacation|day|conference</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>nice</suggestion> (=pleasant)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="nice">I wish you a <marker>niece</marker> holiday.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SLIGHT_OF_HAND" name="slight (sleight) of hand">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">slight|slights</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
<token>hand</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">sleight</match></suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/slight.html</url>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="sleight">This is where the <marker>slight</marker> of hand comes in.</example>
<example correction="sleights">At the show, we saw many marvellous <marker>slights</marker> of hand.</example>
<example correction="Sleights"><marker>Slights</marker> of hand are a clever trick.</example>
<example><marker>Sleight</marker> of hand is also known as prestidigitation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ROUTE_OF_THE_PROBLEM" name="route (root) of the problem">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(:UN|S)" regexp="yes">routes?</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">problems?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">root</match></suggestion> (=source, cause)?</message>
<short>Commonly confused word</short>
<example correction="root">The <marker>route</marker> of the problems is unknown.</example>
<example correction="roots">The <marker>routes</marker> of the problem are not yet known.</example>
<example correction="Root">'The <marker>Route</marker> of the Problem' on page 26 gives more information.</example>
<example correction="Roots"><marker>Routes</marker> of the Problem on page 31 gives more information.</example>
<example>The <marker>root</marker> of the problem is the unnecessary complexity of the rules.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">'The Route of the Problem' is a music track (http://runescape.wikia.com/wiki/The_Route_of_the_Problem).</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Nonstandard Phrases -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="NONSTANDARD_PHRASES" name="Nonstandard Phrases" type="misspelling">
<rule id="I_NEVER_HAVE_BEEN" name="I never have been (I have never been)">
<pattern>
<token>I</token>
<marker>
<token>never</token>
<token>have</token>
</marker>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although not incorrect, the word order <suggestion>have never</suggestion> is preferred by native speakers.</message>
<example correction='have never'>I <marker>never have</marker> been to London.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FROM_X_Y" name="from X - Y (from X to Y)">
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_(unit) -->
<token regexp='yes'>\d+</token>
<token spacebefore='no' regexp='yes'>[′'’]</token><!--- prime, single straight quote, single curly quote -->
<token regexp='yes'>\d+</token>
<token spacebefore='no' regexp='yes'>[″"”]</token><!-- double prime, straight double quote, double curly quote -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp='yes'>\d+</token>
<token spacebefore='yes'>.</token>
<token spacebefore='no' regexp='yes'>\d+</token>
<token regexp='yes'>bullets?</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>from</token>
<token regexp='yes'>\d+</token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">to|until|through|ft|in|&months;|&abbrevMonths;</exception><exception spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">[:,.]</exception></token>
<token regexp='yes'>\d+</token>
</pattern>
<message>Nonstandard phrase. Did you mean: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> to <match no="4"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction='From 12 to 17'><marker>From 12 – 17</marker> February 2016</example>
<example correction='from 1 to 22'>Rates of sea level rise range <marker>from 1 . 22</marker> mm per year to 2.14 mm per year.</example><!-- Do not ignore typographic errors -->
<example>Ferries commence service from 7:00 am.</example>
<example>He partnered with Stephen T. Logan from 1841 until 1844.</example>
<example>Algiers lost from 30,000 to 50,000 inhabitants to the plague in 1620–21.</example>
<example>The population has grown from 5,000 in 1900.</example>
<example>Starting <marker>from 22 May 2016</marker>, we will do the new tests.</example>
<example><marker>From 21 Feb 2014</marker> and until further notice, we will do the new tests.</example>
<example>Rates of sea level rise range <marker>from 1.22</marker> mm per year to 2.14 mm per year.</example>
<example>The values range <marker>from 5,55</marker> mm to approximately 7 mm.</example><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_mark -->
<example>The depth varies <marker>from 2'7"</marker> approximately to 3 feet exactly.</example>
<example>The depth varies <marker>from 2′ 9″</marker> approximately to 3 feet exactly.</example>
<example>The height is <marker>from 3 ft 8 in</marker> (approx) to 4 feet exactly.</example>
<example>The gradient of the mountain road varies <marker>from 3 in 10</marker> to a maximum of 4 in 10.</example>
<example><marker>From 1 .22</marker> bullet, the forensic team solved the crime.</example><!-- Possibly bad style, but not an error for this rule -->
</rule>
<rule id="MONTH_OF_XXXX" name="February of 2005 (February 2005)">
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&months;</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp='yes'>\d{3,}</token>
</pattern>
<message>When specifying a month and year, 'of' is unnecessary: <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Nonstandard date</short>
<example correction='February 1995'><marker>February of 1995</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_QUESTION_WH" name="the question what (the question of what)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token postag='WRB|WP.*' postag_regexp='yes'><exception regexp='yes'>that|when</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>This sounds awkward in English. The standard is <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2"/> of <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/186173/what-is-the-correct-usage-of-the-question-of</url>
<short>Awkward style</short>
<example correction='the question of how'>This thesis addresses <marker>the question how</marker> to analyze concepts.</example>
<example>This thesis addresses the question of how to analyze concepts.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_THE_MOMENT" name="in the moment (currently)">
<!-- Typical mistake for German native speakers -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>moment</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>of</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>at the moment</suggestion> (=currently)?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example>No, <marker>currently</marker> not.</example>
<example correction="at the moment">No, <marker>in the moment</marker> not.</example>
<example>But in the moment of truth everyone could see that.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MAKE_SINCE" name="make since (sense)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">make<exception scope="previous">been</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>since</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|DT|CD" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>sense</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="sense">Something like 90 most likely never makes <marker>since</marker>.</example>
<example>There have been three made <marker>since</marker> the launch.</example>
<example>Many changes have been made <marker>since</marker> my previous visit.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALL_AND_ALL" name="all and all (all in all)">
<pattern>
<token><exception postag="IN" scope="previous"/>all</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>all</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is nonstandard. Did you mean <suggestion>all in all</suggestion> (=after all, nevertheless)?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example>One for all and all for one!</example>
<example correction="All in all"><marker>All and all</marker> it’s just another brick in the… toilet?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ALL_OF_THE_SUDDEN" name="all of the sudden (all of a sudden)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>sudden</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is nonstandard. Did you mean <suggestion>all of a sudden</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/sudden.html</url>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="all of a sudden">Why would a man <marker>all of the sudden</marker> send flowers?</example>
<example>Why would anyone all of a sudden send flowers?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>sudden</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is nonstandard. Did you mean <suggestion>all of a sudden</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="all of a sudden">Why would a man <marker>all the sudden</marker> send flowers?</example>
<example>Why would anyone all of a sudden send flowers?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ALONG_THE_SAME_VEIN" name="along the same vein (along the same line, in the same vein)">
<pattern>
<token>along</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>same</token>
<token>vein</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is nonstandard. Use <suggestion>in the same vein</suggestion> or <suggestion>along the same line</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="in the same vein|along the same line">I've been working <marker>along the same vein</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EVER_SO_OFTEN" name="Misused phrase: 'ever so often (every so often)'">
<pattern>
<token>ever</token>
<token>so</token>
<token>often</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is non-standard in most writing. Did you mean <suggestion>every \2 \3</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="Every so often"><marker>Ever so often</marker>, we put down the books, and go sailing!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EARLY_ADAPTER" name="early adapter (early adopter)">
<pattern>
<token>early</token>
<token>adapter</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>early adopter</suggestion> (=someone who takes something early on)?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="early adopter">DualCore PC is available for purchase for selected companies in the <marker>early adapter</marker> program.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FAR_BE_IT_FOR_ME" name="far be it for me (far be it from me)">
<pattern>
<token>far</token>
<token>be</token>
<token>it</token>
<token>for</token>
<token>me</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>far be it from me</suggestion> (=may this possibility be far away from me)?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="Far be it from me"><marker>Far be it for me</marker> to say that you can’t.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MONEY_IS_NO_OPTION" name="money is no option (money is no object)">
<pattern>
<token>money</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>no</token>
<token>option</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>money is no object</suggestion> (=money is no obstacle, cost what it may)?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="Money is no object"><marker>Money is no option</marker> when are you rich.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NIP_IT_IN_THE_BUTT" name="nip it in the butt (nip it in the bud)">
<pattern>
<token>nip</token>
<token>it</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>butt</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>nip it in the bud</suggestion> (=stop it from flowering completely)?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="nip it in the bud">We'd like to <marker>nip it in the butt</marker> right here.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NOW_AND_DAYS" name="now and days (nowadays)">
<pattern>
<token>now</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>days</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>nowadays</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="nowadays">Money is becoming pretty tight <marker>now and days</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_PROOF_IS_IN_THE_PUDDING" name="the proof is in the pudding (the proof of the pudding is in the eating)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>proof</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>pudding</token>
</pattern>
<message>If you don't want to look for proofs hidden in your pudding, you probably meant <suggestion>the proof of the pudding is in the eating</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="The proof of the pudding is in the eating"><marker>The Proof Is In The Pudding</marker></example>
<example>The proof of the pudding is in the eating.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="QUI_BONO" name="qui bono (cui bono)">
<pattern>
<token>qui</token>
<token>bono</token>
</pattern>
<message>Non standard Latin. Did you mean <suggestion>cui bono</suggestion> (=to whose benefit).</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="cui bono">Let me ask: <marker>qui bono</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WHIP_CREAM" name="whip cream (whipped cream)">
<pattern>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|VBZ|VBD" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>whip</token>
<token>cream</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>whipped cream</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="whipped cream">Whip cream until it becomes <marker>whip cream</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_OR_WITH_REGARDS_TO_OF" name="in/with regards to/of (regarding, with regard to)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">in|with</token>
<token>regards</token>
<token regexp="yes">to|of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>in regard to</suggestion>, <suggestion>with regard to</suggestion>, or more simply <suggestion>regarding</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/regards.html</url>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="in regard to|with regard to|regarding">Please be aware of the following changes <marker>in regards to</marker> this program.</example>
<example correction="in regard to|with regard to|regarding">But, they would assist in some way <marker>with regards to</marker> the criminal prosecution.</example>
<example correction="In regard to|With regard to|Regarding"><marker>With regards to</marker> America, we must not forget that the…</example>
<example correction="in regard to|with regard to|regarding">The hotel is satisfactory <marker>in regards of</marker> quality and price.</example>
<example>Please be aware of the following changes in this program.</example>
<example>But, they would assist in some way <marker>with regard to</marker> the criminal prosecution.</example>
<example>But, they would assist in some way <marker>in regard to</marker> the criminal prosecution.</example>
<example>But, they would assist in some way <marker>regarding</marker> the criminal prosecution.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">I hope this letter finds you well. Love Mike. P.S. <marker>With regards to</marker> Susan.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VERY_KNOWN" name="very known (very well-known, well-known)">
<pattern>
<token>very</token>
<token>known</token>
</pattern>
<message>Incorrect phrase. Use <suggestion>very well-known</suggestion> or <suggestion>well-known</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Incorrect phrase</short>
<example correction="very well-known|well-known">He is a <marker>very known</marker> actor.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Redundant Phrases -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="REDUNDANCY" name="Redundant Phrases" type="style">
<rulegroup id="FORMER_ALUMNUS" name="former alumnus (alumnus)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>former</token>
<token>alumnus</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion>an <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.amherst.edu/news/communications/styleguide</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='an alumnus'>As the wife of <marker>a former alumnus</marker> of UCLA, I am appalled at recent events that have occurred and seemingly encouraged by the administration.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception>a</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>former</token>
<token>alumnus</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.amherst.edu/news/communications/styleguide</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='alumnus'>The <marker>former alumnus</marker> adviser of Alpha Lambda Chapter was elected as congressman-at- large in Ohio.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SWORN_AFFIDAVIT" name="sworn affidavit (affidavit)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>sworn</token>
<token>affidavit</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>an <match no="3"/></suggestion></message>
<url>http://wordinfo.info/unit/4246/page:21</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='An affidavit'><marker>A sworn affidavit</marker> is a written statement made by someone under oath to tell the truth about something.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception>a</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>sworn</token>
<token>affidavit</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion><match no="3"/></suggestion></message>
<url>http://wordinfo.info/unit/4246/page:21</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='affidavit'>His <marker>sworn affidavit</marker> was deposited in the post office mailbox.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DIRECTLY_ANTITHETICAL" name="directly antithetical (antithetical)">
<pattern>
<token>directly</token>
<token>antithetical</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase verges on redundancy. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='antithetical'>The two events this week were <marker>directly antithetical</marker> to the University's values for these reasons.</example>
<example>The two events this week were antithetical to the University's values for these reasons.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="APPROXIMATELY_ABOUT" name="approximately about">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>approximately</token>
<token>about</token>
</marker>
<token postag='CD'></token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='approximately'>Americans feel full of energy and healthy <marker>approximately about</marker> 19 days per month.</example>
<example>Americans feel full of energy and healthy approximately 19 days per month.</example>
<example>In reasoning about a complex system, humans reason approximately about its behavior.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ASSOCIATE_TOGETHER" name="associate together (associate)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected='yes'>associate</token>
<token>together</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>groups</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='associate'>Hippos <marker>associate together in groups</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected='yes'>associate</token>
<token>together</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='associated'>Poets and choregi having been <marker>associated together</marker> in pairs, there still remained the selection and appointment of the actors.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="SUFFICIENT_ENOUGH" name="sufficient enough -> sufficient">
<pattern>
<token>sufficient</token>
<token>enough</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Sufficient enough' is redundant. Consider using only <suggestion>sufficient</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/139595/can-i-say-sufficient-enough-here</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='sufficient'>The money is <marker>sufficient enough</marker> to buy the pullover.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OF_ANY_OF" name="of any of -> of">
<pattern>
<token>of</token>
<token>any</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider simply using <suggestion>of</suggestion> instead.</message>
<url>http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/errors.txt</url>
<example correction='of'>He was the worst <marker>of any of</marker> the dancers</example>
</rule>
<rule id="USELESS_THAT" name="Possibly needless 'that'" default="off">
<pattern>
<token postag='JJ'><exception postag_regexp="yes" postag='VBN|RP'/><exception regexp='yes'>say|like|then|so|though|.*?ble</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>that</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="SENT_END"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>"\2" may be unnecessary here.</message>
<short>Possibly needless word</short>
<example correction="">I am pretty sure <marker>that</marker> this is right.</example>
<example>I am pretty sure this is right.</example>
<example>It has grown way beyond that.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SEND_AN_EMAIL" name="send an email (email)">
<pattern>
<token>send</token>
<token regexp="yes">an|a</token>
<token>email</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>email</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example>He was going to email her.</example>
<example correction="email">He was going to <marker>send an email</marker> to her.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SENT_AN_EMAIL" name="sent an email (email)">
<pattern>
<token>sent</token>
<token regexp="yes">an|a</token>
<token>email</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>emailed</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="emailed">He <marker>sent an email</marker> to her.</example>
<example>He emailed her.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="WORLD_AROUND_IT" name="the world around it (the world)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>the</token>
<token>world</token>
<token>around</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>the world</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="the world">He didn't like <marker>the world around him</marker>.</example>
<example>He didn't like the world.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BECAUSE_OF_THE_FACT_THAT" name="because of the fact that (because)">
<pattern>
<token>because</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>because</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_common_misspellings/Grammar_and_Misc</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="because">Its crystals are usually hexagonal in shape, with flakiness and plating, usually <marker>because of the fact that</marker> it replaced a mineral.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IN_A_X_MANNER" name="Wordiness: in a ... manner">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
<token postag="JJ"><exception regexp="yes">big|certain|preparatory|good|modern|christian|agglutinative|unsterile|particular|humanlike|military</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">manner|style|way|fashion|mode</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider replacing "\1 \2 \3 \4" with adverb for "\3"; e.g., "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="">He came <marker>in a hasty manner</marker>.</example>
<example>He came hastily.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ATM_MACHINE" name="ATM machine (ATM)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>ATM</token>
<token>machine</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant ('M' stands for 'machine'). Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="ATM"><marker>ATM Machine</marker> Comparison Guide</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>ATM</token>
<token>machines</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant ('M' stands for 'machine'). Use simply <suggestion>\1s</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="ATMs">In the Netherlands, criminals are stealing money from <marker>ATM machines</marker> by blowing them up.</example>
<example>ATMs are quite common in the Netherlands,</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ABSOLUTELY_ESSENTIAL" name="absolutely essential/necessary (essential/necessary)">
<pattern>
<token>absolutely</token>
<token regexp="yes">essential|necessary</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="essential">This is <marker>absolutely essential</marker>.</example>
<example>This was essential.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACTUAL_EXPERIENCE" name="actual experience/facts (experience/facts)">
<pattern>
<token>actual</token>
<token regexp="yes">experience|fact|facts</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="experience">This talk is based on <marker>actual experience</marker> gained during recovery operations following a fire at the Washington National Records.</example>
<example>This play is based on facts.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADVANCE_PLANNING" name="advance planning/preview/reservations/warning (planning/preview/reservations/warning)">
<pattern>
<token>advance</token>
<token regexp="yes">planning|preview|reservations?|warning</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Planning"><marker>Advance planning</marker> is one strategy couples can use to establish legal rights.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADD_AN_ADDITIONAL" name="add an additional (add)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">add</token>
<token>an</token>
<token>additional</token>
<token/>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="4" postag="+INDT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Add a Page">How to <marker>Add an Additional Page</marker> to a Full Flash Site</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="AM_PM_OCLOCK" name="7 o'clock AM (7 o'clock)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>o</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>clock</token>
<token regexp="yes">[ap]</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>m</token>
</pattern>
<message>Redundant phrase. Consider using <suggestion>\1 \2\3\4</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \5\6\7</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="7 o'clock|7 a.m">It's <marker>7 o'clock a.m</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>o</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>clock</token>
<token regexp="yes">[ap]m</token>
</pattern>
<message>Redundant phrase. Consider using <suggestion>\1 \2\3\4</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \5</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="7 o'clock|7 AM">It's <marker>7 o'clock AM</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="AM_IN_THE_MORNING" name="AM in the morning (AM)">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token><exception scope="previous">I</exception>AM</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>morning</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="AM">It's 5 <marker>AM in the morning</marker>.</example>
<example>He doesn't know where I am in the morning.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">1?\d</token>
<marker>
<token>A</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>M</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>morning</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>A.M.</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="A.M.">It's 5 <marker>A.M. in the morning</marker>.</example>
<example>It's 5 A.M.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PM_IN_THE_EVENING" name="PM in the evening (PM)">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token>PM</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">evening|afternoon</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="PM">It's 5 <marker>PM in the evening</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token>PM</token>
<token>at</token>
<token>night</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="PM">It's 1 <marker>PM at night</marker>.</example>
<example>It's 5 PM.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">1?\d</token>
<marker>
<token>P</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>M</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">evening|afternoon</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>P.M.</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="P.M.">It's 5 <marker>P.M. in the afternoon</marker>.</example>
<example>It's 5 P.M.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">1?\d</token>
<marker>
<token>P</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>M</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>at</token>
<token>night</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>P.M.</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="P.M.">It's 1 <marker>P.M. at night</marker>.</example>
<example>It's 5 P.M.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule default="off" id="AND_ALSO" name="and also (and/also)">
<pattern>
<token>and</token>
<token>also</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>and</suggestion> or <suggestion>also</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="and|also">Typical English Food <marker>and also</marker> Welsh and Scottish too</example>
<example>Typical English Food, and Welsh and Scottish too</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AND_ETC" name="and etc. (etc.)">
<pattern>
<token>and</token>
<token>etc</token>
<token>.</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="etc.">E-Commerce <marker>and etc.</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="ANNUAL_ANNIVERSARY" name="annual anniversary (anniversary)">
<pattern>
<token>annual</token>
<token>anniversary</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Anniversary">First <marker>Annual Anniversary</marker> Contest</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADDED_BONUS" name="added bonus (bonus)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">added|extra</token>
<token>bonus</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Bonus"><marker>Added bonus</marker>: booting from cdrom.</example>
<example>Bonus: booting from CD-ROM.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADEQUATE_ENOUGH" name="adequate enough (adequate)">
<pattern>
<token>adequate</token>
<token>enough</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://www.dailywritingtips.com/adequate-is-adequate/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="adequate">The Allen test is not <marker>adequate enough</marker> for the screening of hand circulation.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="ARE_ABLE_TO" name="are able to (can)">
<pattern>
<token>are</token>
<token>able</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression is wordy. Consider using <suggestion>can</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://www.whichenglish.com/Better-English-Grammar/Online-Usage-Letter-A.html</url>
<example>Yes, there are some species of frogs that can throw up their entire stomach and wipe it off with their legs.</example>
<example correction="can">Yes, there are some species of frogs that <marker>are able to</marker> throw up their entire stomach and wipe it off with their legs.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ASK_THE_QUESTION" name="ask the question (ask)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">ask</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="SENT_END"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example>He asked the question.</example>
<example correction="asked">He <marker>asked the question</marker> whether it's OK to add some rules to LanguageTool.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AS_OF_YET" name="as of yet (yet)">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>yet</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>yet</suggestion> or <suggestion>as yet</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="yet|as yet">The report remains unfinished <marker>as of yet</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ARMED_GUNMAN" name="armed gunman (gunman)">
<pattern>
<token>armed</token>
<token inflected="yes">gunman</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Gunmen"><marker>Armed gunmen</marker> entered the room to kill Bill.</example>
<example>Gunmen are very dangerous in this city.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AUTOBIOGRAPHY_OF_A_LIFE" name="autobiography of a life (autobiography)">
<pattern>
<token>autobiography</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>life</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>story \2 \3 \4</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="autobiography|story of a life">In this <marker>autobiography of a life</marker> of courage and love, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles.</example>
<example>In this story of a life of courage and love, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BASIC_FUNDAMENTALS" name="basic fundamentals/necessities (fundamentals/necessities)">
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous">visual</exception>basic</token>
<token regexp="yes">fundamentals|necessities</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example>Visual Basic Fundamentals</example>
<example correction="fundamentals">Let’s get back to the <marker>basic fundamentals</marker>!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BALD-HEADED" name="bald-headed (bald)">
<pattern>
<token>bald-headed</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>bald</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="bald">He is <marker>bald-headed</marker>.</example>
<example>Kojak was bald.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BALSA_WOOD" name="balsa wood (balsa)">
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token>balsa</token>
<token>wood</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="balsa">It's made of <marker>balsa wood</marker>.</example>
<example>This table is made of balsa.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BARE_NAKED" name="bare naked (naked)">
<pattern>
<token>bare</token>
<token>naked</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="naked">The old man ran <marker>bare naked</marker> through the streets.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="BEST_EVER" name="best ever (best)">
<pattern>
<token>best</token>
<token>ever</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="best">Top ten <marker>best ever</marker> beer names.</example>
<example>Top ten best beer names.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TEMPORARY_BIVOUAC_BIVOUAC" name="temporary bivouac (bivouac)">
<pattern>
<token>temporary</token>
<token>bivouac</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase may be redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='bivouac'>In <marker>temporary bivouac</marker> areas (1 to 3 days), the straddle trench latrine is used unless more permanent facilities are provided for the unit.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BIVOUAC_CAMP_BIVOUAC" name="bivouac camp (bivouac)">
<pattern>
<token>bivouac</token>
<token>camp</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='bivouac'>A rock climber leaves a hanging <marker>bivouac camp</marker> on an Arctic cliff</example>
<example>A rock climber leaves a hanging bivouac on an Arctic cliff</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE" name="Big in size, yellow in color, etc.">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="JJ|JJR|JJS"><exception regexp="yes">similar|alone|religious|corresponding|equal|next|possible|autocratic|necessary|beautiful|rich|back|identical|more|much|second|comparable</exception><exception postag="VBN"/></token>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">size|duration|color|colour|number|shape|height|length|weight</token>
</pattern>
<message>A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.</message>
<suggestion>\1</suggestion>
<short>Possible redundancy</short>
<example>He's absorbed in thought.</example>
<example correction="big">The man is <marker>big in size</marker>.</example>
<example correction="briefest">His speech was <marker>briefest in duration</marker>.</example>
<example correction="redder">My car is <marker>redder in color</marker>.</example>
<example correction="few">Her friends were <marker>few in number</marker>.</example>
<example>I really need to get back in shape.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BITTER_IN_TASTE" name="bitter in taste (bitter)">
<pattern>
<token>bitter</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>taste</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="bitter">This beer is <marker>bitter in taste</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="BLEND_TOGETHER" name="blend together (blend)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">attach|assemble|blend|combine|collaborate|confer|congregate|gather|join|meet|merge|mesh|mix|share</token>
<token>together</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="blend">Their voices <marker>blend together</marker> in lovely harmony.</example>
<example>Their voices blend in lovely harmony.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BOAT_MARINA" name="boat marina (marina)">
<pattern>
<token>boat</token>
<token>marina</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Marina">Taupo <marker>Boat Marina</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule id="BRIEF_IN_DURATION" name="brief in duration (brief)">
<pattern>
<token>brief</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>duration</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="brief">However, most wilderness programs are <marker>brief in duration</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="BRIEF_MOMENT" name="brief moment/summary (moment/summary)">
<pattern>
<token>brief</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">moment|summary|cameo</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Moment">A <marker>Brief Moment</marker> of Compassion</example>
<example>A Moment of Compassion</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BIOGRAPHY_OF_A_LIFE" name="biography of her life (biography)">
<pattern>
<token>biography</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|her|his</token>
<token>life</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>story \2 \3 \4</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="biography|story of her life">In this <marker>biography of her life</marker>, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles.</example>
<example>In this story of a life of courage and love, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BOUQUET_OF_FLOWERS" name="bouquet of flowers (bouquet)">
<pattern>
<token>bouquet</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>flowers</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="bouquet">What a beautiful <marker>bouquet of flowers</marker>!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BUT_NEVERTHELESS" name="but nevertheless/however (but)">
<pattern>
<token>but</token>
<token regexp="yes">nevertheless|however</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="but">I should not have, <marker>but nevertheless</marker> I did.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CD_DISC" name="CD disc (CD)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">CD|DVD</token>
<token regexp="yes">disk|disc</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="CD">I ordered a <marker>CD disk</marker> with their software.</example>
<example>I ordered a <marker>CD</marker> with their software.</example>
<example>I ordered a <marker>DVD</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CDROM" name="CD disc (CD)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">CDROM|CDRom|Cdrom</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>CD-ROM</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="CD-ROM">I ordered a <marker>Cdrom</marker> with their software.</example>
<example>I ordered a <marker>CD-ROM</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCUSED_OF_A_CHARGE_CHARGED_WITH" name="accused of a charge (charged with)">
<pattern>
<token>accused</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>charge</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase may be redundant. Consider writing: <suggestion>charged with</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='charged with'>The Magistrate's Court in Kuala Lumpur today decided that a former model <marker>accused of a charge of</marker> public indecency is fit to stand trial.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CIRCUMSTANCES_SURROUNDING" name="circumstances surrounding (circumstances of)">
<pattern>
<token>circumstances</token>
<token>surrounding</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/> of</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='circumstances of'>Based upon this discussion, the OIG expanded the scope of its investigation to analyze the <marker>circumstances surrounding</marker> the settlement rejected by Judge Rakoff.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="CLOSE_SCRUTINY" name="close scrutiny/proximity (scrutiny/proximity)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>within</token>
<token>close</token>
<token>proximity</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is verbose. Cosider writing: <suggestion>close to</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="close to">The majority of Jannali's enterprises are located <marker>within close proximity to</marker> the suburb's railway station.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>close</token>
<token regexp="yes">scrutiny|proximity</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="scrutiny">Their manifesto yesterday received the same <marker>close scrutiny</marker> as the other two big parties — and it was an uncomfortable experience.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="COMFORTABLE_WITH_VBG" name="comfortable with doing (comfortable doing)">
<pattern>
<token>comfortable</token>
<token>with</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="comfortable dancing">I am not <marker>comfortable with dancing</marker> with strangers.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COMMON_BOND" name="common bond (bond)">
<pattern>
<token>common</token>
<token>bond</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="bond">They formed a <marker>common bond</marker> against the British</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COMMUTE_BACK_AND_FORTH" name="commute back and forth (commute)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">commute</token>
<token>back</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>forth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="commute">She will <marker>commute back and forth</marker> between New Haven and her home in Southern California before relocating to the Elm City this summer.</example>
<example>She will commute between New Haven and her home in Southern California before relocating to the Elm City this summer</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONSENSUS_OF_OPINION" name="consensus of opinion (consensus)">
<pattern>
<token>consensus</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>opinion</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="consensus">Wim Duisenberg, the ECB's Dutch president, is seen as a leader who seeks to fashion a <marker>consensus of opinion</marker> on the council rather than imposing his own views, as some chairmen of the US Federal Reserve have done.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONTINUE_TO_REMAIN" name="continue to remain (remain)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">continue</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>remain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="1" postag=".*">remain</match></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="remained">We <marker>continued to remain</marker> optimistic.</example>
<example>We remain optimistic.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DESCEND_DOWN" name="descend down (descend)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">descend|dive</token>
<token>down</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="descend">The Pentagon aides and journalists <marker>descend down</marker> the back stairs of the plane as is customary while Rumsfeld comes down the main stairs to meet his welcome party.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DURING_THE_COURSE_OF" name="during the course of (during)">
<pattern>
<token>during</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>course</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="during">He never smiled <marker>during the course of</marker> the trial.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EACH_AND_EVERY" name="each and every one (each one)">
<pattern>
<token>each</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>every</token>
<token>one</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="each one">God bless <marker>each and every one</marker> of you!</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" id="NEGATE_MEANING" name="Suggest shorter ways to negate words (not common vs uncommon)">
<rule>
<!-- not correct (incorrect) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">efficient|correct|convenient|complete|secure|secured|sufficient|significant|visible|tolerable</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>in\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="incomplete">The list is <marker>not complete</marker>.</example>
<example>The list is incomplete.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not healthy (unhealthy) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|were</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">able|affordable|contaminated|deserved|fashionable|acceptable|accompanied|altered|climbable|covered|drinkable|dressed|deniable|cluttered|expected|forgettable|desirable|fastened|happy|lucky|helpful|kind|natural|qualified|noticed|safe|suited|sweetened|skilled|thinkable|usable|zipped|willing|ripe|wanted|real|grateful|certain|healthy|common|controllable|comfortable|conscious|favorable|imaginable|important|pleasant|suitable|related|likely|usual|steady|sustainable|reliable|popular|necessary|fortunate|believable|beatable|aware|answered|breakable|productive|satisfied</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>un\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="unsteady">The rock is <marker>not steady</marker>.</example>
<example>The rock is unsteady.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not perfect (imperfect) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|were</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">perfect|mature|movable|practical|possible|pure</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>im\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="imperfect">The paragraph is <marker>not perfect</marker>.</example>
<example>The paragraph is imperfect.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not rational (irrational) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|were</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">rational|relevant</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>ir\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="irrational">The student was <marker>not rational</marker>.</example>
<example>The student was irrational.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not fast enough (too slow) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|were</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token>fast</token>
<token>enough</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>too slow</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="too slow">The car was <marker>not fast enough</marker> to win the race.</example>
<example>The car was too slow to win the race.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not large enough (too small) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|were</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">large|big</token>
<token>enough</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>too small</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="too small">The car was <marker>not large enough</marker> for the tall man.</example>
<example>The car was <marker>too small</marker> for the large man.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not small enough (too large) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was|were</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token>small</token>
<token>enough</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>too large</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="too large">The car was <marker>not small enough</marker> to fit through the tunnel.</example>
<example>The car was <marker>too large</marker> to fit through the tunnel.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ALL_OF_THE" name="all of the (all the)">
<pattern>
<token negate="yes">or</token>
<marker>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes">sudden</token> <!-- See ALL_OF_THE_SUDDEN rule -->
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>all the</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="all the">She is going to <marker>all of the</marker> parks.</example>
<example>She is going some or all of the parks.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SELF_ADMITTED" name="self-admitted (admitted)">
<pattern>
<token>self-admitted</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>admitted</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195135084.001.0001/acref-9780195135084-e-1937</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="admitted">Springfield police arrest 'very dangerous, <marker>self-admitted</marker> gang member.'</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SOME_OF_THE" name="some of the (some)">
<pattern>
<token negate="yes">or</token>
<marker>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="JJS"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>some</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Some"><marker>Some of the</marker> parks are in the area.</example>
<example>She is going to buy some parks.</example>
<example>She is going all or some of the parks.</example>
<example>An expert is someone who knows some of the worst mistakes that can be made in his field.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TRY_AND" name="try and (try to)">
<antipattern>
<token>give</token>
<token>it</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>try</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>try</token>
<token>and</token>
</pattern>
<message>"Try and" is common in colloquial speech, but "<suggestion>try to</suggestion>" is recommended for writing.</message>
<short>Possibly bad style</short>
<example correction="try to">She is going to <marker>try and</marker> go to the store.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SO_AS_TO" name="so as to (to)">
<pattern>
<token>so</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>to</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="to">The band practiced <marker>so as to</marker> increase their chances of success.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FEW_OCCASIONS" name="on a few occasions (occasionally)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>few</token>
<token>occasions</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>occasionally</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="occasionally">The man drank <marker>on a few occasions</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALSO_OTHER" name="there are also other (also)">
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token>are</token>
<token>also</token>
<token>other</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>there are other</suggestion> or <suggestion>there are also</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="there are other|there are also">However, <marker>there are also other</marker> marbles in the jar.</example>
<example>There are other marbles in the jar.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LARGE_NUMBER_OF" name="a large number of (many)">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>large</token>
<token>number</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Specify a number, remove phrase, or simply use <suggestion>many</suggestion> or <suggestion>numerous</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Many|Numerous"><marker>A large number of</marker> people were in the parade.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SMALL_NUMBER_OF" name="a small number of (a few)">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>small</token>
<token>number</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Specify a number, remove phrase, use <suggestion>a few</suggestion>, or use <suggestion>some</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="A few|Some"><marker>A small number of</marker> people were in the store.</example>
<example>Few people were in the store.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SUBSEQUENT_TO" name="subsequent to (after)">
<pattern>
<token>subsequent</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>after</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="after">The roads needed repairs <marker>subsequent to</marker> the storm.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="HOLLOW_TUBE" name="hollow tube (tube)">
<pattern>
<token>hollow</token>
<token>tube</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>tube</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="tube">We fixed the <marker>hollow tube</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EXACT_REPLICA" name="exact replica (replica)">
<pattern>
<token>exact</token>
<token>replica</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>replica</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="replica">We created an <marker>exact replica</marker> of the building.</example>
<example>We created a replica of the building.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WITH_THE_EXCEPTION_OF" name="with the exception of (except)">
<pattern>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>exception</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>except</suggestion> or <suggestion>except for</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Except|Except for"><marker>With the exception of</marker> Bob, all of the children went running.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EVERY_NOW_AND_THEN" name="every now and then (now and then)">
<pattern>
<token>every</token>
<token>now</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>then</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2 \3 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Now and then"><marker>Every now and then</marker> the faucet drips.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ESTABLISHED_FACT" name="established fact (fact)">
<pattern>
<token>an</token>
<token>established</token>
<token>fact</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+INDT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="a fact">This is <marker>an established fact</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" id="EXACT_SAME" name="exact same/identical (same/identical)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">exact|precise</token>
<token regexp="yes">same|identical</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="same">This is the <marker>exact same</marker> situation.</example>
<example>This is the same situation.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">exactly|precisely</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">same|identical</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="the same">This shoe is <marker>exactly the same</marker>.</example>
<example>This shoe is the same.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SUMMER_TIME" name="summertime (summer)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">summertime|summer-time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>summer</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="summer">It is warm during the <marker>summertime</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>British</token>
<token>Summer</token>
<token>Time</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Western</token>
<token>European</token>
<token>Summer</token>
<token>Time</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>summer</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>summer</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="summer">It is warm during the <marker>summer time</marker>.</example>
<example>It is warm during the <marker>summer</marker>.</example>
<example>For information about <marker>British Summer Time</marker> (BST), refer to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Summer_Time.</example>
<example>For information about <marker>Western European Summer Time</marker>, refer to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="THE_FALL_SEASON" name="fall season (fall)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">fall|winter|spring|summer</token>
<token>season</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="fall">The leaves turn red and gold in <marker>the fall season</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FAMOUS_CELEBRITY" name="famous celebrity (celebrity)">
<pattern>
<token>famous</token>
<token inflected="yes">celebrity</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="celebrity">I'm told that he's a <marker>famous celebrity</marker> now.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SALSA_SAUCE" name="salsa sauce (salsa)">
<pattern>
<token>salsa</token>
<token>sauce</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="salsa">I enjoy eating <marker>salsa sauce</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="GENERAL_XX" name="general public (public)">
<antipattern>
<token>General</token>
<token>Public</token>
<token>License</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>general</token>
<token regexp="yes">public|consensus</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="public">We should show this to the <marker>general public</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NEW_XX" name="new innovation (innovation)">
<pattern>
<token>new</token>
<token regexp="yes">innovation|innovative|invention|record|recruit</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="recruit">He was a <marker>new recruit</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ORIGINALLY_DISCOVERED" name="originally discovered (discovered)">
<pattern>
<token>originally</token>
<token>discovered</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="discovered">He <marker>originally discovered</marker> gold.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FORMER_GRADUATE" name="former graduate (graduate)">
<pattern>
<token>former</token>
<token>graduate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="graduate">I am a <marker>former graduate</marker> of the school.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="OVER_EXAGGERATED" name="over exaggerated (exaggerated)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>over</token>
<token inflected="yes">exaggerate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="exaggerating">I enjoy <marker>over exaggerating</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">over-exaggerate|over-exaggerating|over-exaggerated</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="over-(.*)" regexp_replace="$1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="exaggerating">I enjoy <marker>over-exaggerating</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ORIGINALLY_BORN_IN" name="originally born in (born in)">
<pattern>
<token>originally</token>
<token>born</token>
<token>in</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="born in">I was <marker>originally born in</marker> Texas.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="RETURN_BACK" name="return back (return)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">return</token>
<token>back</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="returned">We <marker>returned back</marker> home.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="REPEAT_AGAIN" name="repeat again (repeat)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">repeat</token>
<token>again</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="repeat">We made the song <marker>repeat again</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MIGHT_PERHAPS" name="might perhaps (might)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">may|might</token>
<token regexp="yes">perhaps|possibly</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>, <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="might|possibly">We <marker>might possibly</marker> go fishing.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="AGREE_WITH_THE_FACT" name="disagree with the fact that (disagree that)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">disagree|agree</token>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 that</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="agree that">I <marker>agree with the fact that</marker> the sky is blue.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">disagree|agree</token>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 disagree that</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 agree that</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="did disagree that|did agree that">We <marker>did not disagree with the fact that</marker> the sky is blue.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="WILL_IN_THE_FUTURE" name="will in the future (will)">
<pattern>
<token>will</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>future</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>will</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="will">I <marker>will in the future</marker> work hard.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WORK_COLLEAGUE" name="work colleague (colleague)">
<pattern>
<token>work</token>
<token>colleague</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="colleague">I will talk to a <marker>work colleague</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NUMEROUS_DIFFERENT" name="numerous different (numerous)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">numerous|several|many</token>
<token regexp="yes">different|separate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="many">I will read <marker>many different</marker> books</example>
<example>I will read many books.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WHOLE_LOT" name="whole lot (lot)">
<pattern>
<token>whole</token>
<token regexp="yes">lot|bunch</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="lot">I will read a <marker>whole lot</marker> of books</example>
<example>I will read a lot of books.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FELLOW_CLASSMATE" name="fellow classmates/co-workers/comrades (classmates/co-workers/comrades)">
<pattern>
<token>fellow</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">classmate|co-worker|coworker|comrade|colleague</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="classmates">I would enjoy a reunion with my <marker>fellow classmates</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FEW_IN_NUMBER" name="few in number (few)">
<pattern>
<token>few</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>number</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="few">They were <marker>few in number</marker>, but mighty.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FIRST_TIME_EVER" name="first time ever (first time)">
<pattern>
<token>first</token>
<token>time</token>
<token>ever</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="first time">We have a pig in space for the <marker>first time ever</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOREIGN_IMPORT" name="foreign import (import)">
<pattern>
<token>foreign</token>
<token inflected="yes">import</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Use simply <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="imports">The rise in <marker>foreign imports</marker>, the argument goes, is forcing some Americans to accept lower pay to remain competitive with, say, Mexican and Chinese workers.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOREVER_AND_EVER" name="forever and ever (forever)">
<pattern>
<token>forever</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>ever</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="forever">It is you and me, <marker>forever and ever</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FROM_WHENCE" name="from whence (whence)">
<pattern>
<token>from</token>
<token>whence</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="whence">Go back <marker>from whence</marker> you came.</example>
<example>Go back whence you came!</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="HONEST_TRUTH" name="honest truth (truth)">
<pattern>
<token>honest</token>
<token>truth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="truth">That is the <marker>honest truth</marker> of the matter.</example>
<example>That is the truth of the matter.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="IN_ORDER_TO" name="in order to (to)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>order</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be considered redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="to">We opened the door <marker>in order to</marker> enter.</example>
<example>We opened the door to enter.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="INTRODUCE_FOR_THE_FIRST_TIME" name="introduce for the first time (introduce)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">introduce</token>
<token>for</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>first</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="introduced">We were <marker>introduced for the first time</marker> a week ago.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MAIN_FOCUS" name="main focus (focus)">
<pattern>
<token>main</token>
<token>focus</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="focus">Redundancies are the <marker>main focus</marker> of my essay.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MAJOR_BREAKTHROUGH" name="major breakthrough (breakthrough)">
<pattern>
<token>major</token>
<token>breakthrough</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="breakthrough">It was a <marker>major breakthrough</marker> in genetic research.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MAY_COULD_POSSIBLY" name="can/could/may/might possibly (can/could/may/might)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">can|could|may|might</token>
<token>possibly</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="may">That <marker>may possibly</marker> be the greatest blunder of all.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MENTAL_TELEPATHY" name="mental telepathy (telepathy)">
<pattern>
<token>mental</token>
<token>telepathy</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="telepathy">Do cats really use <marker>mental telepathy</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MUTUALLY_DEPENDENT_ON_EACH_OTHER" name="mutually dependent on each other (mutually dependent)">
<pattern>
<token>mutually</token>
<token>dependent</token>
<token>on</token>
<token>each</token>
<token>other</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="mutually dependent">Well, they're <marker>mutually dependent on each other</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NEVER_AT_ANY_TIME" name="never at any time (never)">
<pattern>
<token>never</token>
<token>at</token>
<token>any</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="never">I was <marker>never at any time</marker> with that woman.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NOUN_AROUND_IT" name="the noun around it (surrounding noun)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>the</token>
<!-- See WORLD_AROUND_IT rule -->
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>world</exception></token>
<token>around</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>the surrounding \2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="the surrounding protesters">He didn't like <marker>the protesters around him</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NOW_CURRENTLY" name="now currently (now)">
<pattern>
<token>now</token>
<token>currently</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="now">She is <marker>now currently</marker> the ambassador.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ONE_AND_THE_SAME" name="one and the same (the same)">
<pattern>
<token>one</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>same</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\3 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="the same">Santa Claus and Saint Nick are <marker>one and the same</marker> person.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OR_ALTERNATIVELY" name="or alternatively (or)">
<pattern>
<token>or</token>
<token>alternatively</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="or">We can either do this now <marker>or alternatively</marker> leave it for tomorrow.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PASSING_FAD" name="passing fad (fad)">
<pattern>
<token>passing</token>
<token regexp="yes">fad|fads</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="fad">Computers are just a <marker>passing fad</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PAST_EXPERIENCE_MEMORY" name="past experience/memory (experience/memory)">
<pattern>
<token>past</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">experience|memory</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="experience">We know from <marker>past experience</marker> that weakness breeds contempt.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PERIOD_OF_TIME" name="period of time (period)">
<pattern>
<token>period</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="period">Horses were absent throughout that <marker>period of time</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PERSONAL_OPINION_FRIENDSHIP" name="personal charm/belongings/opinion/friendship (charm/belongings/opinion/belongings)">
<pattern>
<token>personal</token>
<token regexp="yes">charm|belongings|opinion|friendship</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="opinion">In my <marker>personal opinion</marker>, canaries are quite tasty.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="POINT_BEING_IS_THAT" name="point being is that (point is that/point being that)">
<pattern>
<token>point</token>
<token>being</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \3 \4</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \2 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="point is that|point being that">The <marker>point being is that</marker> Russia and Japan weren't even at war.</example>
<example>The point is that Russia and Japan weren't even at war</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="REASON_WHY" name="reason why (reason)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<marker>
<token>reason</token>
<token>why</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="reason">The <marker>reason why</marker> I did that is simple.</example>
<example>The reason I did that is simple.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SO_THEREFORE" name="so therefore (therefore)">
<pattern>
<token>so</token>
<token>therefore</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="so|therefore">I am me, the only me, <marker>so therefore</marker> I am unique, which in turn makes me special :)</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THERAPEUTIC_TREATMENT" name="therapeutic treatment (treatment)">
<pattern>
<token>therapeutic</token>
<token>treatment</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="treatment">My swelled knee required special <marker>therapeutic treatment</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="RUSTIC_COUNTRY" name="rustic country (rustic)">
<pattern>
<token>rustic</token>
<token>country</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="rustic">She loved her <marker>rustic country</marker> kitchen.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SAFE_HAVEN" name="safe haven (haven)">
<pattern>
<token>safe</token>
<token>haven</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="haven">They ran for the forest, searching for a <marker>safe haven</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="USUAL_CUSTOM" name="usual custom (custom)">
<pattern>
<token>usual</token>
<token>custom</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="custom">Eggnog on Christmas is our <marker>usual custom</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VERY_UNIQUE" name="very unique (unique)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">very|strikingly|most|really|totally</token>
<token>unique</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="unique">Walk until you see the <marker>very unique</marker> building on your right.</example>
<example>Walk until you see a unique building on your right.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WHETHER" name="the question whether (whether) etc.">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\5 \6 \7</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 \4 \5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 \4 \5 \6 \7</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether|Whether or not|As to whether|The question whether|As to whether or not"><marker>The question as to whether or not</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>or</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \5</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether|The question whether"><marker>The question as to whether</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\4</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \4</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether|The question whether"><marker>The question of whether</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\3</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 \4 \5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \3</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="whether|whether or not|as to whether">We are not concern <marker>as to whether or not</marker> it is difficult.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider shortening this phrase to just <suggestion>\3</suggestion>, or rephrase the sentence to avoid "\1 \2".</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether"><marker>The question whether</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>or</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider shortening this phrase to just <suggestion>\3</suggestion>, or rephrase the sentence to avoid "\1 \2".</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether"><marker>As to whether</marker> it is difficult, we are not concern.</example>
<example>Whether it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
<example>We are not concern whether it is difficult.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>whether<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">to|question</exception></token>
<token>or</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider shortening this phrase to just <suggestion>\1</suggestion>. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="whether">What the government decides to do depends on <marker>whether or not</marker> the bill passes.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="FEMALE_ACTOR" name="female actor (actress)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">female|woman|women</token>
<token regexp="yes">actor|actress</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>actress</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="actress">She was the first <marker>female actor</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FEMALE_WAITER" name="female waiter (waitress)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">female|woman|women</token>
<token regexp="yes">waiter|waitress</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>waitress</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="waitress">She was the first <marker>female waiter</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FIRST_WOMAN_NOUN" name="first woman president (female president)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">first|second|third</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">woman|women</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">officer|commander|minister|player|graduate|engineer|doctor|dentist|teacher|professor|speaker|president|senator|representative|employee|athlete|instructor|nominee|judge</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>female</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Incorrect phrase</short>
<example correction="female">She was the first <marker>woman</marker> president.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FIRST_MAN_NOUN" name="first man president (male president)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">first|second|third</token>
<marker>
<token>man</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">officer|commander|minister|player|graduate|engineer|doctor|dentist|teacher|professor|speaker|president|senator|representative|employee|athlete|instructor|nominee|judge</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>male</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Incorrect phrase</short>
<example correction="male">He was the first <marker>man</marker> employee of the company.</example>
<example>He was the first man Sarah ever kissed.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LITTLE_BIT" name="little bit">
<pattern>
<token>little</token>
<token>bit</token>
</pattern>
<message>Reduce redundancy by using <suggestion>little</suggestion> or <suggestion>bit</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="little|bit">He was a <marker>little bit</marker> late.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FREE_GIFT" name="free gift">
<pattern>
<token>free</token>
<token regexp="yes">gifts?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleonasm</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="gift">Receive a <marker>free gift</marker> with every purchase.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="gifts">Compare the best phone deals with <marker>free gifts</marker>, from tablets and TVs to …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Gifts"><marker>Free gifts</marker> for you to keep!</example>
<example type="correct">Receive a <marker>gift</marker> with every purchase.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Style -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="STYLE" name="Style" type="style">
<rule id="PROFANITY" name="Profanity">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">shit|piss|fuck|cunt|cocksucker|motherfucker|tits|fart|turd|twat</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is considered offensive.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profanity</url>
<short>Profanity</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction=""><marker>Piss</marker> off!</example>
<example type="correct">Go away!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NEEDS_FIXED" name="'Needs fixed' type construction">
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VBN'/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>"\1 \2" is only accepted in certain dialects. For something more widely acceptable, try <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="ed$" regexp_replace="ing"/></suggestion> or <suggestion>to be \2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/5407/central-pennsylvanian-english-speakers-what-are-the-limitations-on-the-needs-w</url>
<example correction='fixing|to be fixed'>My car needs <marker>fixed</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AN_INVITE" name="an invite (invitation)">
<pattern>
<token>an</token>
<marker>
<token>invite</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Use only in informal register. In other registers, <suggestion>invitation</suggestion> should be used.</message>
<short>Slang</short>
<example correction="invitation">Is that an <marker>invite</marker>...?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IRREGARDLESS" name="irregardless (regardless)">
<pattern>
<token>irregardless</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Irregardless' is acceptable in casual and nonstandard writing at best. In formal style you should use <suggestion>regardless</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Regardless"><marker>Irregardless</marker> of what he says, do it!</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="And" name="Sentence starting with 'And' or 'But'">
<pattern>
<token postag='SENT_START'/>
<token regexp="yes">And|But</token>
</pattern>
<message>While it is not exactly wrong, stylistically '\2' should only be used to start a sentence for dramatic effect and even then rarely.</message>
<url>http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2012/01/can-i-start-a-sentence-with-a-conjunction/</url>
<short>Bad style</short>
<example correction=""><marker>And</marker> yes, it shows a lack of style to start a sentence with 'and'.</example>
<example>Yes, it shows a lack of style to start a sentence with 'and'.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>But</marker> it is not a great writing style to start a sentence with 'but'.</example>
<example>It is not a great writing style to start a sentence with 'but'.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="SENT_START_NUM" name="Number starting a sentence">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
</pattern>
<message>Numbers at the start of the sentence should be written as words.</message>
<short>Number starting a sentence</short>
<example correction=""><marker>12</marker> soldiers were killed!</example>
<example>Twelve soldiers were killed!</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="HOPEFULLY" name="Word order: 'Hopefully' starting a sentence">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>hopefully</token>
</pattern>
<message>Many style books advice that a sentence should not start with 'hopefully'.</message>
<short>Bad style</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Hopefully</marker>, this will be a great grammar checker.</example>
<example>The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for escape.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="THREE_NN" name="Readability: Three nouns in a row">
<pattern>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{2,}<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow|now|in|are</exception><exception postag="VBG|VB|VBP|VBD|VBN|RB|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{2,}<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow|now|in|are</exception><exception postag="VBG|VB|VBP|VBD|VBN|RB|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN|NN:.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{2,}<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow|now|in|are</exception><exception postag="VBG|VB|VBP|VBD|VBN|RB|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>You used three nouns after one another, and this might decrease readability. You might consider rewording the sentence.</message>
<short>Possibly bad style</short>
<example correction="">The <marker>security protection software</marker> we offer is the state-of-the art achievement.</example>
<example>The security software we offer is the state-of-the art achievement.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Semantic -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="SEMANTICS" name="Semantic" type="inconsistency">
<rule id="YEAR_20001" name="May 20001 (May 2001)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|year</token>
<token regexp="yes">200\d\d</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you really mean year \2? Or maybe <suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="2" regexp_match="200" regexp_replace="20"/></suggestion>?</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="May 2014">I will go to Holland in <marker>May 20014</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BOTH_ENUM" name="'to both ...' with more than two items">
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token skip="5">both</token>
<token>,</token>
<token skip="5"><exception>and</exception></token>
<token>,</token>
<token>and</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>'both' is usually followed by two items</message>
<example correction="">It allows us to <marker>both grow, focus, and</marker> flourish.</example>
<example correction="">It allows us to <marker>both grow a lot, focus, and</marker> flourish.</example>
<example correction="">It allows us to <marker>both grow a lot, focus some, and</marker> flourish.</example>
<example>It allows us to <marker>both</marker> grow and focus, and later flourish.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="DATE_WEEKDAY" name="Weekday doesn't match date">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
<token>BC</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
<token>B</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>C</token>
<token>.</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- "Monday, 7 October 2014" -->
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
</pattern>
<filter class="org.languagetool.rules.en.DateCheckFilter" args="year:\5 month:\4 day:\3 weekDay:\1"/>
<message>The date \3 \4 \5 is not a {day}, but a {realDay}.</message>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Monday, 7 October 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Mon, 7 October 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Mo, 7 October 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Monday, 7 Oct 2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention - <marker>Tuesday, 7 October 2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention - <marker>Tuesday, 7 Oct 2014</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- "Monday, October 7, 2014" -->
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
</pattern>
<filter class="org.languagetool.rules.en.DateCheckFilter" args="year:\6 month:\3 day:\4 weekDay:\1"/>
<message>The date \3 \4, \6 is not a {day}, but a {realDay}.</message>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Monday, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Mon, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Mo, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Wednesday, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Thursday, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Friday, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Saturday, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Sunday, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example correction="">IGD Convention - <marker>Sunday, Oct 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention - <marker>Tuesday, October 7, 2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention - <marker>Tuesday, Oct 7, 2014</marker></example>
</rule>
<!-- "Monday, 31/10/2014" -->
<!-- the ambiguous forms have been antipatterned -->
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
</pattern>
<filter class="org.languagetool.rules.en.DateCheckFilter" args="year:\7 month:\5 day:\3 weekDay:\1"/>
<message>The date \3/\5/\7 is not a {day}, but a {realDay}.</message>
<example correction="">IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Monday, 31/10/2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Friday, 31/10/2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Monday, 10/09/2014</marker></example><!-- not correct, but ambiguous -->
<example>IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Monday, 9/10/2014</marker></example><!-- not correct, but ambiguous -->
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- "Monday, 10/31/2014" -->
<!-- the ambiguous forms have been antipatterned -->
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
</pattern>
<filter class="org.languagetool.rules.en.DateCheckFilter" args="year:\7 month:\3 day:\5 weekDay:\1"/>
<message>The date \3/\5/\7 is not a {day}, but a {realDay}.</message>
<example correction="">IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Monday, 10/31/2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Friday, 10/31/2014</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Monday, 10/09/2014</marker></example><!-- not correct, but ambiguous -->
<example>IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Monday, 9/10/2014</marker></example><!-- not correct, but ambiguous -->
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- "Monday, 2014-10-31" -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d-(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])</token>
</pattern>
<filter class="org.languagetool.rules.en.YMDDateCheckFilter" args="date:\3 weekDay:\1"/>
<message>The date \3 (YYYY-MM-DD) is not a {day}, but a {realDay}.</message>
<example correction="">IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Monday, 2014-10-31</marker></example>
<example>IGD Convention 2014 - <marker>Friday, 2014-10-31</marker></example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="INVALID_DATE" name="Invalid date, like 'February 31, 2014'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- "June 31, 2014" -->
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">April|Apr|June|Jun|September|Sep|Sept|November|Nov</token>
<token>31</token>
</marker>
<token>,</token>
</pattern>
<message>The month of \1 only has 30 days.</message>
<example correction="">It happened on <marker>November 31</marker>, 2014.</example>
<example>It happened on <marker>November 30</marker>, 2014.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- "February 30, 2014" -->
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">February|Feb</token>
<token regexp="yes">3[01]</token>
</marker>
<token>,</token>
</pattern>
<message>February only has 28 days, or 29 days in leap years.</message>
<example correction="">It happened on <marker>Feb 30</marker>, 2014.</example>
<example>It happened on <marker>Feb 28</marker>, 2014.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">&months;</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token regexp="yes">[–\-]</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
</pattern>
<filter class="org.languagetool.rules.DateRangeChecker"
args="x:\2 y:\4"/>
<message>The starting day (\2) happens later than the final day (\4).</message>
<short>Wrong date</short>
<example>January 10 – 17, 2016</example>
<example correction=""><marker>January 10 – 1</marker>, 2016.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">&months;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token regexp="yes">[–\-]</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
</pattern>
<filter class="org.languagetool.rules.DateRangeChecker"
args="x:\3 y:\5"/>
<message>The starting day (\3) happens later than the final day (\5).</message>
<short>Wrong date</short>
<example>January 10 – 17, 2016</example>
<example correction=""><marker>January, 10 – 1</marker>, 2016.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Plain English -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="PLAIN_ENGLISH" name="Plain English" type="style" default="off">
<!-- main source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plain_English_words_and_phrases -->
<!-- some rules belonging to other categories included -->
<!-- xxx marks optional edge tokens that cause an error if uncommented -->
<rule id="BE_A_X_ONE" name="Possible wordiness: be a X one">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">be|as</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|an</token>
<token postag_regexp='yes' postag="J.*"/>
<token>one</token>
</pattern>
<message>Might <suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion> convey the same?</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="is easy">This test <marker>is an easy one</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ABUNDANCE" name="abundance">
<pattern>
<token>abundance</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>enough</suggestion> or <suggestion>plenty</suggestion>, or give specific amount.</message>
<example correction="enough|plenty">There is an <marker>abundance</marker> of flowers in the meadow.</example>
<example>The meadow of full of flowers.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCEDE_TO" name="accede to (give in)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accede</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Unless it is a throne that is acceded to, change into <suggestion>allow, agree to or give in to</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="allow, agree to or give in to">He <marker>acceded to</marker> our demands.</example>
<example>He gave in to our demands.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCELERATE" name="accelerate">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accelerate</token>
</pattern>
<message> Technical. Elsewhere replace with <suggestion>speed up</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="speed up">The car <marker>accelerated</marker> from traffic lights</example>
<example>The car <marker>sped up</marker> from traffic lights</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCENTUATE" name="accentuate">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accentuate</token>
</pattern>
<message> Replace with <suggestion>stress</suggestion> or <suggestion>emphasize</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="stress|emphasize">The harsh light <marker>accentuated</marker> the ruggedness of the landscape.</example>
<example>The harsh light <marker>emphasized</marker> the ruggedness of the landscape.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCOMMODATION" name="accommodation">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accommodation</token>
</pattern>
<message><suggestion>room</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Room"><marker>Accommodation</marker> available.</example>
<example><marker>Room</marker> available.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCOMPANY" name="accompany">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accompany</token>
</pattern>
<message>If not in musical context, use <suggestion>go with</suggestion> or <suggestion>with</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="go with|with">You need to <marker>accompany</marker> him.</example>
<example>You need to <marker>go with</marker> him.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCOMPLISH" name="verb accomplish (do, archive, finish)">
<pattern>
<token postag="[^J][^J]" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">accomplish</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try one of: <suggestion>do</suggestion> or <suggestion>achieve</suggestion> or <suggestion>finish</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Do|Achieve|Finish"><marker>Accomplish</marker> your work!</example>
<!-- <example correction="done">This work is <marker>accomplished</marker>.</example> -->
<example>He is an accomplished musician.</example>
</rule>
<!-- accorded: given-->
<!-- accordingly – Thus, so (as sentence adverb) -->
<rule id="ACCRUE" name="verb accrue">
<pattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">accrue</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>add</suggestion> or <suggestion>gain</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="add|gain">The deposit <marker>accrued</marker> interest.</example>
<example>The deposit gained interest.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCURATE" name="accurate">
<pattern>
<token>accurate</token>
</pattern>
<message>If it is not about aiming, use <suggestion>right</suggestion>; also <suggestion>detailed</suggestion> or <suggestion>correct</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="right|detailed|correct">We need <marker>accurate</marker> information.</example>
<example>We need right and detailed information.</example>
</rule>
<!-- acquiesce – Agree -->
<!-- acquire – get, develop -->
<rule id="ACQUIRE" name="verb acquire (get, develop)">
<pattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">acquire</token>
</pattern>
<message>A simple <suggestion>get</suggestion> is enough most of the time, sometimes <suggestion>develop</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="get|develop">He <marker>acquired</marker> all the tools he needed.</example>
<example>He <marker>got</marker> all the tools he needed.</example>
</rule>
<!-- additional – Extra -->
<!-- address – Discuss -->
<!-- addressees – You -->
<!-- adjacent to – Next to -->
<!-- adjustment – Change, alteration -->
<!-- admissible – Allowed, accepted -->
<!-- advantageous – Helpful -->
<!-- adversely impact on – Hurt, set back -->
<!-- advise – Tell -->
<!-- afford an opportunity – Allow, let -->
<!-- aggregate – Total -->
<!-- alleviate – Ease, reduce -->
<!-- allocate – Divide -->
<!-- all of – All -->
<!-- all things considered -->
<rule id="ALL_THINGS_CONSIDERED" name="all things considered (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>things</token>
<token>considered</token>
<token>,</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove as unnecessary.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction=""><marker>All things considered,</marker> Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape now than ever before.</example>
<example><marker/>Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape now than ever before.</example>
</rule>
<!-- along the lines of – like -->
<rule id="ALONG_THE_LINES_OF" name="along the lines of (like)">
<pattern>
<token>along</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>lines</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>like</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="like">I think my point is very much <marker>along the lines of</marker> his.</example>
<example>I think my point is very much <marker>like</marker> his.</example>
</rule>
<!-- alternatively – Or -->
<!-- ameliorate – Improve, help -->
<!-- an absence of – No, none -->
<!-- and particularly – Particularly -->
<!-- and/or – Use either "and" or "or." -->
<!-- anticipate – Expect -->
<!-- a number of – Some -->
<!-- applicant – You -->
<!-- application – Use -->
<!-- apparent – Clear, plain -->
<!-- apprehend – Arrest -->
<!-- appreciable – Many -->
<!-- appropriate – Proper, right -->
<!-- approximate – About -->
<!-- arrive onboard – Arrive -->
<!-- as a matter of fact - in fact, actually -->
<rule id="AS_A_MATTER_OF_FACT" name="as a matter of fact (in fact, actually, omit) ">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>matter</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>fact</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with less wordy <suggestion>in fact</suggestion> or <suggestion>actually</suggestion>, or remove completely.</message>
<example correction="In fact|Actually"><marker>As a matter of fact</marker>, dry-bulb temperature indicates the amount of heat in the air.</example>
<example>Actually, dry-bulb temperature indicates the amount of heat in the air.</example>
</rule>
<!-- as a means of – To -->
<!-- ascertain – Find out, learn -->
<!-- as per our telephone conversation of this date – As we discussed this afternoon -->
<rule id="AS_PER" name="as per (as, in accordance with) ">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>per</token>
</pattern>
<message>Business jargon meaning <suggestion>in accordance with</suggestion>. Replace with <suggestion>as</suggestion> or modify the sentence.</message>
<url>http://grammarist.com/usage/as-per/</url>
<example correction="In accordance with|As"><marker>As per</marker> usual, he came late to work.</example>
<example><marker>As</marker> usual, he came late to work.</example>
</rule>
<!-- as prescribed by – In, under -->
<!-- as far as ... is concerned – (Omit) -->
<!-- <rule default="off" id="AS_FAR_AS_X_IS_CONCERNED" name="as far as ... is concerned (omit)"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<!-- <token>as</token> -->
<!-- <token>far</token> -->
<!-- <token skip="-1">as<exception scope="next">and</exception></token> -->
<!-- <token>as</token> -->
<!-- <token inflected="yes">I</token> -->
<!-- <token inflected="yes">am</token> -->
<!-- <token>concerned</token> -->
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Remove as unnecessary.</message> -->
<!-- <url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url> -->
<!-- <example correction=""><marker>As far as I am concerned,</marker> there is no need for further protection of woodlands.</example> -->
<!-- <example>There is no need for further protection of woodlands.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- as to– Of, on, with, for, to, by, in, into -->
<!-- as yet, as of yet – Yet -->
<!-- <rule id="AS_OF_YET" name="as yet, as of yet (yet, still, so far)"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>as</token> -->
<!-- <token min="0">of</token> -->
<!-- <token>yet</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Wordy. Consider <suggestion>yet</suggestion>, <suggestion>still</suggestion>, or <suggestion>so far</suggestion>.</message> -->
<!-- <url>http://grammarist.com/usage/as-yet-as-of-yet/</url> -->
<!-- <example correction="yet">The place was sold for an <marker>as of yet</marker> unknown sum.</example> -->
<!-- <example>The place was sold for a <marker>still</marker> unknown sum.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- assist, assistance – Help -->
<rule id="ASSIST_ASSISTANCE" name="assist, assistance (help)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">assist|assistance</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean simpler <suggestion>help</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="help">Do you need any <marker>assistance</marker>?</example>
<example>Do you need any <marker>help</marker>?</example>
<example correction="help">May I <marker>assist</marker> you?</example>
<example>May I <marker>help</marker> you?</example>
</rule>
<!-- at all times - always -->
<rule id="AT_ALL_TIMES" name="at all times (always) ">
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>times</token>
</pattern>
<message>Simply, <suggestion>always</suggestion>. Pay attention to place in the sentence.</message>
<example correction="always">Kingfisher can be found near water <marker>at all times</marker></example>
<example>Kingfisher can always be found near water.</example>
</rule>
<!-- at its discretion – Can, may -->
<!-- attain – Meet -->
<!-- attempt – Try -->
<!-- at the present time, at this time, at this point in time, at the moment – now (currently) -->
<rulegroup id="TIME_NOW" name="at the present time, at this time, at this point in time, at the moment (now, currently)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>present</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>now</suggestion>, <suggestion>for now</suggestion>, or if you really must, <suggestion>currently</suggestion></message>
<example correction="Now|For now|Currently"><marker>At the present time</marker>, this Wiki is experimental.</example>
<example><marker>For now</marker>, this Wiki is experimental.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>this</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use "now", or if you really must "currently". Sometimes a specific time is meant and "then" is better.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>At this time</marker>, Churchill was serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer</example>
<example>Churchill was then serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>this</token>
<token>point</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>now</suggestion>, or if you really must <suggestion>currently</suggestion></message>
<example correction="now|currently">This document has no formal standing <marker>at this point in time</marker>.</example>
<example>This document has no formal standing now.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>moment</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>now</suggestion>, or if you really must <suggestion>currently</suggestion></message>
<example correction="Now|Currently"><marker>At the moment</marker>, I am taking a leave of absence from my work.</example>
<example><marker>Now</marker>, I am taking a leave of absence from my work.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- at your earliest convenience – As soon as you can -->
<rule id="AT_YOUR_EARLIEST_CONVENIENCE" name="at your earliest convenience (as soon as you can)">
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>your</token>
<token>earliest</token>
<token>convenience</token>
</pattern>
<message>Overly formal. Did you mean <suggestion>as soon as you can</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="as soon as you can">Please come <marker>at your earliest convenience</marker>.</example>
<example>Please come <marker>as soon as you can</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- authorize – Allow, let -->
<!-- basis, on a – (omit) -->
<!-- on a daily basis - daily -->
<!-- on a X basis - Xly (where X is an adjective) -->
<rule id="BASIS_ON_A" name="on a x basis">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>a</token>
<token/>
<token>basis</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with the proper adverbial form of <suggestion>\3ly</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://grammarist.com/usage/basis/</url>
<example correction="regularly">We have been coming here <marker>on a regular basis</marker> for years.</example>
<example>We have been coming here <marker>regularly</marker> for years.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the basis of – by, from -->
<!-- be advised – (omit) -->
<rule id="BE_ADVISED" name="be advised">
<pattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>advised</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove wordy "\1 \2"</message>
<example correction="">You <marker>are advised</marker> look after your belongings.</example>
<example>Look after your belongings.</example>
</rule>
<!-- attributable to – Because -->
<!-- because of the fact that – because, since -->
<!-- by reason of – because -->
<!-- due to the fact that – because, since -->
<!-- in light of the fact that – because -->
<!-- owing to the fact that – because, since -->
<!-- reason ... is because – because -->
<!-- whereas – because, since ??? not-->
<rulegroup id="BECAUSE" name="Some phrases that can be simplified">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>attributable</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because of">His lack of conversation is <marker>attributable to</marker> his shyness.</example>
<example>His lack of conversation is <marker>because of</marker> his shyness.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule> -->
<!-- because of the fact that -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>because</token> -->
<!-- <token>of</token> -->
<!-- <token>the</token> -->
<!-- <token>fact</token> -->
<!-- <token>that</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion> or <suggestion>since</suggestion>?</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="because|since">Snape disliked them. This could be <marker>because of the fact that</marker> the Weasley twins were trouble-makers.</example> -->
<!-- <example>Snape disliked them. This could be <marker>because</marker> the Weasley twins were trouble-makers.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">in|by</token>
<token regexp="yes">light|virtue</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion> or <suggestion>since</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because|since">Nader had to cancel his planned invasion <marker>in light of the fact that</marker> the Abdali Afghans had rebelled and invaded Khorasan.</example>
<example>Nader had to cancel his planned invasion <marker>because</marker> the Abdali Afghans had rebelled and invaded Khorasan.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>reason</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>insanity</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>reason</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Legal term "by reason of insanity" is influencing the use. Did you mean <suggestion>because of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because of">A national emergency exists <marker>by reason of</marker> the terrorist attacks.</example>
<example>A national emergency exists <marker>because of</marker> the terrorist attacks.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>due</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because">These two syndromes are usually referred to under one name, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, <marker>due to the fact that</marker> they are part of the same etiology.</example>
<example>These two syndromes are usually referred to under one name, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, <marker>because</marker> they are part of the same etiology.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>owing</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because">The Stoors also had their own dialect of Hobbitish, <marker>owing to the fact that</marker> they spent some time in Dunland.</example>
<example>The Stoors also had their own dialect of Hobbitish, <marker>because</marker> they spent some time in Dunland.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule> -->
<!-- reason ... is because -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>the</token> -->
<!-- <token skip="-1">reason<exception scope="next">and</exception></token> -->
<!-- <token></token> -->
<!-- <token>is</token> -->
<!-- <token>because</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion>?</message> -->
<!-- <example type="incorrect"><marker>The reason</marker> there’s a hole in the screen door is because I tripped over the cat on my way out.</example> -->
<!-- <example>There’s a hole in the screen door because I tripped over the cat on my way out.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
</rulegroup>
<!-- beg – ask -->
<!-- belated – late -->
<rule id="BELATED" name="belated (late)">
<pattern>
<token>belated</token>
</pattern>
<message>Outdated. Did you mean <suggestion>late</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="late">They are on a <marker>belated</marker> honeymoon.</example>
<example>They are on a <marker>late</marker> honeymoon.</example>
</rule>
<!-- beneficial – helpful, useful -->
<!-- bestow – give, award -->
<!-- by means of – by, with, through -->
<rule id="BY_MEANS_OF" name="by means of (by, with, through)">
<pattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>means</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>by</suggestion>, <suggestion>with</suggestion> or <suggestion>through</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="by|with|through">Major forest areas are coming back <marker>by means of</marker> natural processes.</example>
<example>Major forest areas are coming back <marker>through</marker> natural processes.</example>
<example correction="by|with|through">I opened the bottle <marker>by means of</marker> a bottle opener.</example>
<example>I opened the bottle <marker>with</marker> a bottle opener.</example>
</rule>
<!-- by virtue of – by, under -->
<!-- beverage – drink -->
<!-- capability – ability -->
<!-- caveat – warning -->
<!-- cease – stop -->
<!-- chauffeur – driver -->
<!-- clearly, obviously – (omit) -->
<rule id="CLEARLY_OR_OBVIOUSLY" name="clearly, obviously">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">clearly|obviously</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove wordy "\1"</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Obviously</marker>, this is it.</example>
<example>This is it.</example>
<example correction="">We have <marker>clearly</marker> arrived.</example>
<example>We have arrived.</example>
</rule>
<!-- combat environment – combat -->
<!-- combined – joint -->
<!-- commence – Begin or start -->
<!-- completely revoke – revoke -->
<!-- comply with – follow -->
<!-- complete – fill in -->
<!-- component part – -->
<!-- comprise – form -->
<!-- conceal – hide -->
<!-- concerning – about, on -->
<!-- consensus, of opinion, consensus, general – consensus -->
<!-- consequently – so -->
<!-- consolidate – join, merge -->
<!-- constitutes – is, forms, makes up -->
<!-- contains – has -->
<!-- convene – meet -->
<!-- corridor – hall -->
<!-- currently – (omit), now -->
<rule id="CURRENTLY" name="currently">
<pattern>
<token>currently</token>
</pattern>
<message>Omit or replace with <suggestion>now</suggestion></message>
<example correction="now">I am <marker>currently</marker> employed.</example>
<example>I am now employed.</example>
</rule>
<!-- deem – believe, think -->
<!-- delete – cut, drop -->
<!-- demonstrate – prove, show -->
<!-- depart – leave, go -->
<!-- designate – choose, name -->
<!-- desire – want, wish -->
<!-- determine – decide, figure, find -->
<!-- disclose – show -->
<!-- discontinue – drop, stop -->
<!-- disseminate – give, issue, pass, send -->
<!-- does not have – lacks -->
<!-- does not include – excludes, omits -->
<!-- duly (authorized, signed) – (omit) -->
<!-- during the period, during the time that – during, while -->
<!-- each and every – (omit) -->
<rule id="EACH_AND_EVERY_NOUN" name="each and every (every)">
<!-- more general pattern than in rule EACH_AND_EVERY -->
<pattern>
<token>each</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>every</token>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>\3 \4</suggestion></message>
<example correction="every door">You better check <marker>each and every door</marker>.</example>
<example>You better check <marker>every door</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- early beginnings) – beginnings, early days -->
<!-- each...apiece) – each -->
<!-- economical – cheap -->
<!-- effect modifications – make changes -->
<!-- elect – chose, pick -->
<!-- eliminate – cut, drop, end -->
<!-- else but, else than) – but -->
<!-- elucidate – explain -->
<!-- emphasize – stress -->
<!-- employ – use -->
<!-- enclosed please find – I have enclosed -->
<!-- encounter – meet -->
<!-- endeavor – try -->
<!-- end (result, product) – omit -->
<rule id="END_RESULT_OR_PRODUCT" name="end result or product">
<pattern>
<token>end</token>
<token regexp="yes">result|product</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove repetitive "\1" with <suggestion>\2</suggestion></message>
<example correction="result">The <marker>end result</marker> is clear.</example>
<example>The result is clear.</example>
</rule>
<!-- enquiry – question -->
<!-- ensure – make sure -->
<!-- entitlement – right -->
<!-- enumerate – count -->
<!-- equally as – equally -->
<!-- equipments – equipment -->
<!-- equitable – fair -->
<!-- equivalent – equal -->
<!-- establish – set up, prove, show -->
<!-- evaluate – test, check -->
<!-- evidenced – showed -->
<!-- evident – (omit), clear -->
<!-- evince – show, prove -->
<!-- excluding – except -->
<!-- exclusively – only -->
<!-- exhibit – show -->
<!-- expedite – hurry -->
<!-- expeditious – fast, quick -->
<!-- expend – spend -->
<!-- expertise – ability -->
<!-- expiration – end -->
<!-- facilitate – ease, help -->
<!-- feasible – workable -->
<!-- females – women -->
<!-- finalize – complete, finish -->
<!-- first(ly), second(ly), third(ly) – first, second, third -->
<!-- first and foremost – first -->
<!-- following – after -->
<!-- for a period of – for -->
<!-- for example,______etc. – for example, such as -->
<!-- forfeit – lose, give up -->
<!-- formulate – plan -->
<!-- for all intents and purposes -->
<rule id="FOR_ALL_INTENTS_AND_PURPOSES" name="for all intents and purposes (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>for</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>intents</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>purposes</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="">The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has, <marker>for all intents and purposes</marker>, passed.</example>
<example>The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has<marker/> passed.</example>
</rule>
<!-- for the most part -->
<rule id="FOR_THE_MOST_PART" name="for the most part (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>for</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>most</token>
<token>part</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction=""><marker>For the most part</marker> people's suspicions are based on a misunderstanding of the facts.</example>
<example><marker/>People's suspicions are based on a misunderstanding of the facts.</example>
</rule>
<!-- for the purpose of, – to , for -->
<rule id="FOR_THE_PURPOSE_OF" name="for the purpose of (to, for)">
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>purpose</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion> or <suggestion>for</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://grammarist.com/usage/for-the-purpose-of/</url>
<example correction="to|for">Commercial shows are one-off projects put on <marker>for the purpose of</marker> making money.</example>
<example>Commercial shows are one-off projects put on <marker>to</marker> make money.</example>
<example correction="to|for">She created an account <marker>for the purpose of</marker> asking questions at the forum.</example>
<example>She created an account <marker>for</marker> asking questions at the forum.</example>
</rule>
<!-- forward – send -->
<!-- frequently – often -->
<!-- function – act, role, work -->
<!-- furnish – give, send -->
<!-- have the ability to - can -->
<rule id="HAVE_THE_ABILITY_TO" name="have the ability to (be able to, can)">
<!-- fix in rule ARE_ABLE_TO: ass inflected="yes" to verb-->
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>ability</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>can</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can">The toddle <marker>has the ability to</marker> walk.</example>
<example>The toddle <marker>can</marker> walk.</example>
</rule>
<!-- have a tendency to - tends -->
<rule id="HAVE_A_TENDENCY" name="have a tendency (tends)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>tendency</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>tends</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="tends">This policy <marker>has a tendency</marker> to isolate some communities.</example>
<example>This policy <marker>tends</marker> to isolate some communities.</example>
</rule>
<!-- has a duty to – must -->
<!-- has a requirement for – needs -->
<!-- herein, heretofore, herewith, thereof, wherefore, wherein –(omit) -->
<!-- honest truth – truth -->
<!-- however – but, yet -->
<!-- identical – same -->
<!-- identify –find, name -->
<!-- identify with –agree, understand -->
<!-- if and when – use either word; not both -->
<!-- immediately – at once -->
<!-- impacted – affected,changed -->
<!-- implement – carry out, start -->
<!-- in accordance with – by, under -->
<!-- in addition – also, besides, too -->
<!-- in all likelihood – probably -->
<!-- in an effort to – to -->
<!-- inasmuch – since -->
<!-- in a manner of speaking -->
<rule id="IN_A_MANNER_OF_SPEAKING" name="in a manner of speaking (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>manner</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>speaking</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="">The policy has, <marker>in a manner of speaking</marker>, begun to Balkanize the more rural parts of our state.</example>
<example>The policy has<marker/> begun to Balkanize the more rural parts of our state.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in between – between -->
<!-- in a very real sense (omit) -->
<rule id="IN_A_VERY_REAL_SENSE" name="in a very real sense (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>very</token>
<token>real</token>
<token>sense</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction=""><marker>In a very real sense</marker>, this policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to help.</example>
<example><marker/>This policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to help.</example>
</rule>
<!-- inception – start -->
<!-- in connection with – with, about -->
<!-- incumbent upon – must -->
<!-- indicate – say, state, or show -->
<!-- indication – sign -->
<!-- individual – person -->
<!-- in excess of – more than -->
<rule id="in_excess_of" name="in excess of (more than, over, exceeding)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>excess</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Better with <suggestion>more than</suggestion>, <suggestion>over</suggestion>, or <suggestion>exceeding</suggestion></message>
<url>http://grammarist.com/usage/in-excess-of/</url>
<example correction="more than|over|exceeding">Her three albums have sold <marker>in excess of</marker> 17 million copies worldwide</example>
<example>Her three albums have sold <marker>more than</marker> 17 million copies worldwide</example>
</rule>
<!-- in favor of – for -->
<!-- initial – first -->
<!-- initiate – start -->
<!-- in lieu of – instead -->
<!-- in many cases – often -->
<!-- in my opinion (omit) -->
<rule id="IN_MY_OPINION" name="in my opinion (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>my</token>
<token>opinion</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction=""><marker>In my opinion</marker>, this wasteful policy ought to be revoked.</example>
<example><marker/>This wasteful policy ought to be revoked.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in order that – for, so -->
<!-- in order to – to (duplicate)-->
<!-- <rule id="IN_ORDER_TO" name="in order to (to)"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>in</token> -->
<!-- <token>order</token> -->
<!-- <token>to</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion>?</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="to">She stood <marker>in order to</marker> see over the crowd.</example> -->
<!-- <example>She stood <marker>to</marker> see over the crowd.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- inquire – person -->
<!-- in regard(s) to – regarding, about, concerning, on. Refer to WITH_OR_IN_REFERENCE_OR_REGARD_TO -->
<!-- in relation to – about, with, to -->
<!-- in some instances – sometimes -->
<!-- inside of – inside -->
<!-- institute legal proceedings against, bring action against – sue -->
<!-- inter alia – (omit) -->
<!-- interface – meet, work with -->
<!-- in term of – in terms of ; common error-->
<rule id="IN_TERM_OF" name="in term of (in terms of)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>term</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase is always written <suggestion>in terms of</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://xaivierchia.blogspot.com/2011/02/common-mistakes-in-terms-of-vs-in-term.html</url>
<example correction="in terms of">Femininity is still defined <marker>in term of</marker> beauty.</example>
<example>Femininity is still defined in terms of beauty.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in terms of – in, for -->
<rule id="IN_TERMS_OF" name="in terms of (in, for)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>terms</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change to <suggestion>in</suggestion> or <suggestion>for</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.e-education.psu.edu/styleforstudents/c3_p35.html</url>
<example correction="in|for">Disclaimers vary <marker>in terms of</marker> their uniformity.</example>
<example>Disclaimers vary <marker>in</marker> their uniformity.</example>
</rule>
<!-- interpose no objection – don't object -->
<rulegroup id="DESPITE_THE_FACT" name="despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that (although, though)">
<url>http://www.englishgrammar.org/spite-3/</url>
<rule>
<!-- despite the fact that – although -->
<pattern>
<token>despite</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>although</suggestion>, <suggestion>even though</suggestion> or <suggestion>though</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="although|even though|though">He still loves her <marker>despite the fact that</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
<example>He still loves her <marker>even though</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- in spite of the fact that - although, though -->
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>spite</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>although</suggestion>, <suggestion>even though</suggestion> or <suggestion>though</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="although|even though|though">He still loves her <marker>in spite of the fact that</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
<example>He still loves her <marker>even though</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- in the affirmative - yes, affirmatively -->
<rule id="IN_THE_AFFIRMATIVE" name="in the affirmative (yes, affirmatively)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>affirmative</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change to <suggestion>yes</suggestion> or <suggestion>affirmatively</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://grammarist.com/usage/in-the-affirmative/</url>
<example correction="yes|affirmatively">The poll asked average Israelis if they support such a program, and 82 percent responded <marker>in the affirmative</marker>.</example>
<example>The poll asked average Israelis if they support such a program, and 82 percent responded <marker>yes</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the amount of – for -->
<!-- case of, in the – (omit) -->
<!-- in the case of – about, to -->
<rule id="IN_THE_CASE_OF" name="in the case of (about, to)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>case</token>
<token>of</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
</pattern>
<message>Change to <suggestion>about</suggestion> or <suggestion>to</suggestion> and change the word order of the sentence.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="About|To"><marker>In the case of</marker> this particular policy, citizens of northeast Connecticut became very upset.</example>
<example>Citizens of northeast Connecticut became very upset <marker>about</marker> this particular policy.</example>
<example correction="About|To"><marker>In the case of</marker> this woman, we'll not grant permission.</example>
<example>We'll not grant permission <marker>to</marker> this woman.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the event of – if -->
<!-- in the event that – if, in case -->
<rule id="IN_THE_EVENT" name="in the event of, in the event that (if, in case)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>event</token>
<token regexp="yes">of|that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>if</suggestion> or <suggestion>in case of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="If|In case of"><marker>In the event that</marker> I can't come back by seven, you can eat without me.</example>
<example><marker>If</marker> I can't come back by seven, you can eat without me.</example>
<example correction="If|In case of"><marker>In the event of</marker> rain, the race will be canceled.</example>
<example correction="If|In case of"><marker>In the event that</marker> it rains, the race will be canceled.</example>
<example><marker>If</marker> it rains, the race will be canceled.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the final analysis - finally -->
<rule id="IN_THE_FINAL_ANALYSIS" name="in the final or last or ultimate analysis (finally, in conclusion)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">final|last|ultimate</token>
<token>analysis</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>finally</suggestion> or <suggestion>in conclusion</suggestion>? You could remove the phase, too.</message>
<example correction="Finally|In conclusion"><marker>In the final analysis</marker>, it is their war.</example>
<example><marker>Finally</marker>, it is their war.</example>
<example correction="Finally|In conclusion"><marker>In the ultimate analysis</marker>, only the jury can strip a man of his liberty or his life.</example>
<example><marker>In conclusion</marker>, only the jury can strip a man of his liberty or his life.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the nature of – like -->
<rule id="IN_THE_NATURE_OF" name="in the nature of (like)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>nature</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>like</suggestion>"?</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="like">Something <marker>in the nature of</marker> a repeal may soon take place.</example>
<example>Something <marker>like</marker> a repeal may soon take place.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the near future – shortly, soon -->
<!-- in the neighborhood of - about -->
<rule id="IN_THE_NEIGHBORHOOD_OF" name="in the neighborhood of (about)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>neighborhood</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Can be used as <suggestion>almost</suggestion>, <suggestion>approximately</suggestion>, <suggestion>more or less</suggestion>, <suggestion>around</suggestion>. Often <suggestion>about</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="almost|approximately|more or less|around|about">They searched for the keys <marker>in the neighborhood of</marker> the playground.</example>
<example>They searched for the keys <marker>around</marker> the playground.</example>
<example correction="almost|approximately|more or less|around|about">Residents planted 1200 trees in one day <marker>in the neighborhood of</marker> Ballard.</example>
<example>Residents planted 1200 trees in one day <marker>around</marker> Ballard.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the process of – (omit) -->
<rule id="IN_THE_PROCESS_OF" name="in the process of">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>process</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possibly empty phrase "\1 \2 \3 \4" when it means "currently".</message>
<url>http://grammarist.com/usage/in-the-process-of/</url>
<example correction="">The work is <marker>in the process of</marker> getting done.</example>
<example>The work is getting done.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in view of – since -->
<!-- in view of the above – so -->
<!-- irregardless – regardless -->
<!-- is applicable to – applies to -->
<!-- is authorized to – may -->
<!-- is in consonance with – agrees with, follows -->
<!-- is responsible for – (omit) handles -->
<!-- it is – (omit) -->
<!-- it is essential – must, need to -->
<!-- it is requested – please, we request, I request -->
<!-- it is important to add that, in this regard it is of significance that,
it may be recalled that, it is interesting to point out that – (omit) -->
<!-- it appears – seems -->
<!-- it seems that -->
<rule id="IT_SEEMS_OR_APPEARS_THAT" name="it seems that (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token regexp="yes">seems|appears</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possibly empty phrase "\1 \2 \3"</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction=""><marker>It seems that</marker> they can't wait to get rid of this one.</example>
<example><marker/>They can't wait to get rid of this one.</example>
</rule>
<!-- liaison – discussion -->
<!-- -ly (doubtless, fast, ill, much, seldom, thus) – (omit) -->
<!-- last will and testament – will -->
<!-- magnitude – size -->
<!-- maintain – keep, support -->
<!-- in the majority of instances – usually -->
<!-- majority – most (except for voting) -->
<rule id="MAJORITY" name="majority (most, usually) when not voting">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">the</token> -->
<token>majority</token>
</pattern>
<message>Majority in the sense of "more than half" is used with countable nouns only (esp. when voting); for uncountable nouns, use <suggestion>most</suggestion> or <suggestion>usually</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Most|Usually"><marker>Majority</marker> of the world is covered with water.</example>
<example><marker>Most</marker> of the world is covered with water.</example>
</rule>
<!-- make a mockery of – (omit) -->
<!-- make decisions about - decide on -->
<rule id="MAKE_DECISIONS_ABOUT" name="make decisions about (decide on)">
<pattern>
<token>make</token>
<token inflected="yes">decision</token>
<token>about</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>decide on</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="decide on">The school board will <marker>make decision about</marker> the first day of school.</example>
<example>The school board will <marker>decide on</marker> the first day of school.</example>
</rule>
<!-- make an attempt, make an effort – try -->
<!-- make reference to – refer -->
<!-- maximum – greatest, largest, most -->
<!-- mental attitude – attitude -->
<!-- merge together – merge -->
<!-- methodology – method -->
<!-- minimize – decrease, method -->
<!-- minimum – least, smallest -->
<!-- modify – change -->
<!-- monitor – check, watch -->
<!-- month + of + year – March 2013 -->
<!-- moreover – what's more -->
<!-- multiple – many -->
<!-- nature, of a – (omit) -->
<!-- necessitate – cause, need -->
<!-- nevertheless – still, besides, even so -->
<!-- notify – let know, tell -->
<!-- not able – unable -->
<rule id="NOT_ABLE" name="not able (unable)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>able</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>unable</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="unable">He was <marker>not able</marker> to join the meeting.</example>
<example>He was <marker>unable</marker> to join the meeting.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not accept – reject -->
<rule id="NOT_ACCEPT" name="not accept (reject)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token inflected="yes">accept</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>reject</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="reject">He does <marker>not accept</marker> the proposal.</example>
<example>He <marker>rejects</marker> the proposal.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not certain – uncertain -->
<rule id="NOT_CERTAIN" name="not certain (uncertain)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>certain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>uncertain</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="uncertain">Future is <marker>not certain</marker>.</example>
<example>Future is <marker>uncertain</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not unlike – similar, alike : litote -->
<rule id="NOT_UNLIKE" name="not unlike (similar, alike)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>unlike</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>similar</suggestion> or <suggestion>alike</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="similar|alike">Sisters were <marker>not unlike</marker>.</example>
<example>Sisters were <marker>alike</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not many – few -->
<rule id="NOT_MANY" name="not many (few)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>many</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>few</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Few"><marker>Not many</marker> people know this.</example>
<example><marker>Few</marker> people know this.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not often – seldom, rare, rarely -->
<rule id="NOT_VERY_OFTEN" name="not often, not very often (seldom. rare, rarely)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token min="0">very</token>
<token>often</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>seldom</suggestion>, <suggestion>rare</suggestion> or <suggestion>rarely</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="seldom|rare|rarely">It is <marker>not very often</marker> that a hotel exceeds your expectations.</example>
<example>It is <marker>rare</marker> that a hotel exceeds your expectations.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not the same – different -->
<rule id="NOT_THE_SAME" name="not the same (different)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>same</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>different</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="different">The taste is <marker>not the same</marker>.</example>
<example>The taste is <marker>different</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not...unless, not...except – only if -->
<!-- not...until – only when -->
<!-- not later than 10 May – by 10 May, before 11 May not later than 1600 by 1600 -->
<!-- notwithstanding – in spite of, still -->
<!-- now comes – (omit) -->
<!-- null and void – use either "null" or "void" -->
<!-- numerous – many -->
<!-- objective – aim, goal -->
<!-- obligate – bind, compel -->
<!-- observe – see on a _________basis (omit) -->
<!-- obtain – get -->
<rule id="OBTAIN" name="obtain (get)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">obtain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean simpler <suggestion>get</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="get">We need to <marker>obtain</marker> visas.</example>
<example>We need to <marker>get</marker> visas.</example>
</rule>
<!-- off of – off -->
<!-- on request – if you ask -->
<!-- on the contrary – but, so -->
<!-- on the grounds that – (omit) -->
<!-- on the occasion of - when -->
<rule id="ON_THE_OCCASION_OF" name="on the occasion of (on, when, because of)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>occasion</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on</suggestion>? Try also <suggestion>when</suggestion> and <suggestion>because of</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="on|when|because of">I was congratulated <marker>on the occasion of</marker> my son's birthday.</example>
<example>I was congratulated <marker>on</marker> my son's birthday.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the other hand – (omit); -->
<rule id="ON_THE_OTHER_HAND" name="on the other hand (omit, but, yet)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>other</token>
<token>hand</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid completely or try <suggestion>but</suggestion>, <suggestion>yet</suggestion></message>
<example correction="But|Yet">It was quite a good bargain. <marker>On the other hand</marker>, do we really need one?</example>
<example>It was quite a good bargain, <marker>but</marker> do we really need one?</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the part of – by -->
<!-- on two separate occasions - twice -->
<rule id="ON_TWO_SEPARATE_OCCASIONS" name="on two separate occasions (twice)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>two</token>
<token>separate</token>
<token>occasions</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>twice</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="twice">I stayed here <marker>on two separate occasions</marker>.</example>
<example>I stayed here <marker>twice</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- operate – run, use, work -->
<!-- optimum – best, greatest, most -->
<!-- option – choice, way -->
<!-- orientate – orient -->
<!-- ...out (calculate, cancel, distribute, segregate, separate) – omit -->
<!-- outside of – outside -->
<!-- overall (unless it means the garment) – (omit) -->
<!-- <rule id="OVERALL" name="overall, not the garment, but sentence adverb"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token postag="BB" postag_regexp="yes">overall</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Remove wordy \1</message> -->
<!-- <example type="incorrect"><marker>Overall</marker>, we are happy.</example> -->
<!-- <example>We are happy.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- oversight -->
<!-- parameters – limits ??? perimeters???-->
<!-- participate – take part -->
<!-- particulars – details -->
<!-- pass away – die -->
<!-- per annum – a year -->
<!-- perchance – perhaps -->
<!-- perform – do -->
<!-- permit – let -->
<!-- pertaining to – about, of, on -->
<!-- perspire – sweat -->
<!-- peruse – read -->
<!-- PIN number – PIN -->
<!-- place – put -->
<!-- portion – part -->
<!-- possess – have, own -->
<!-- point in time, particular point in time – time, point, now, moment -->
<!-- potentiality – potential -->
<!-- practicable – practical -->
<!-- preclude – prevent -->
<!-- preowned – used -->
<!-- preliminary to, previous to, previously, prior to – before -->
<!-- preparatory to – to prepare for -->
<!-- prioritize – rank; -->
<!-- proceed – do, go ahead, try -->
<!-- procure – (omit) -->
<!-- proficiency – skill -->
<!-- promulgate – issue, publish -->
<!-- provide – give, offer, say -->
<!-- provided that – if -->
<!-- provide guidance for – guide -->
<!-- purchase – buy -->
<!-- pursuant to – by, following, per, under; -->
<!-- out, as required by -->
<!-- whether or not – whether -->
<!-- the question as to whether, a question of whether – whether-->
<rulegroup id="QUESTION_X_WHETHER" name="question as to whether, question of whether (question whether)">
<url>http://www.dailywritingtips.com/whether-to-use-whether-or-if/</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">the|a</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Verbose. Use <suggestion>whether</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Whether"><marker>The question as to whether</marker> it will do any good hasn’t been determined.</example>
<example><marker>Whether</marker> it will do any good hasn’t been determined.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">the|a</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Verbose. Use <suggestion>question whether</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="question whether">There is <marker>a question of whether</marker> we need to be there or not.</example>
<example>There is <marker>question whether</marker> we need to be there or not.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>whether</token> -->
<!-- <token>or</token> -->
<!-- <token>not</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Verbose. Use <suggestion>whether</suggestion>.</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="whether">We do not know <marker>whether or not</marker> we need to be there.</example> -->
<!-- <example>We do not know <marker>whether</marker> we need to be there.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
</rulegroup>
<!-- quite puzzling – baffling -->
<!-- refer back – refer -->
<!-- reflect – say, show -->
<!-- regard as being – regard as -->
<rule id="REGARD_AS_BEING" name="regard as being (regard as)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">regard</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>being</token>
</pattern>
<message>Word "being" is redundant. Use <suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="regard as">What industries do you <marker>regard as being</marker> highly competitive?</example>
<example>What industries do you <marker>regard as</marker> highly competitive?</example>
</rule>
<!-- regarding – about, of, on -->
<!-- relative to – about, on -->
<!-- relocate – move -->
<!-- remain – stay -->
<!-- remainder – rest -->
<!-- remuneration – pay, payment -->
<!-- render – give, make -->
<!-- represents – is -->
<!-- request – ask -->
<!-- require – must, need -->
<!-- requirement – need, -->
<!-- reside, residence – live, house -->
<!-- respectively – (omit) -->
<!-- retain – keep -->
<!-- retire – go to bed -->
<!-- said, some, such, same – the, this, that -->
<!-- selection – choice -->
<!-- set forth in – in -->
<!-- shall – must -->
<!-- should you wish – if you want -->
<!-- similar to – like -->
<!-- solicit – ask for, request -->
<rule id="SOLICIT_FOR" name="solicit for">
<pattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">solicit</token>
<token>for</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid. Use <suggestion>asking for</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="asking for">We are <marker>soliciting for</marker> suggestions.</example>
<example>We are <marker>asking for</marker> suggestions.</example>
</rule>
<!-- sooner rather than later - soon, now -->
<rule id="SOONER_RATHER_THAN_LATER" name="sooner rather than later (soon, now)">
<pattern>
<token>sooner</token>
<token>rather</token>
<token>than</token>
<token>later</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try <suggestion>soon</suggestion> or <suggestion>now</suggestion> meaning <suggestion>sooner than expected</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://grammarist.com/usage/sooner-rather-than-later/</url>
<example correction="soon|now|sooner than expected">I believe that spring will be here <marker>sooner rather than later</marker>.</example>
<example>I believe that spring will be here <marker>soon</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- state-of-the-art – latest -->
<rulegroup id="STATE-OF-THE-ART" name="state-of-the-art">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>state-of-the-art</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>latest</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="latest">Many covet for a <marker>state-of-the-art</marker> cell phone.</example>
<example>Many covet for a <marker>latest</marker> cell phone.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>state</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>art</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>latest</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="latest">Many covet for a <marker>state of the art</marker> cell phone.</example>
<example>Many covet for a <marker>latest</marker> cell phone.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- strategize – plan -->
<!-- subject – the, this, your -->
<!-- submit – give, send -->
<!-- subsequent, subsequently, subsequent to –later, next, after, then -->
<!-- substantial – large, much -->
<!-- successfully complete – complete, pass -->
<!-- sufficient – enough -->
<rule id="SUFFICIENT" name="sufficient (enough)">
<pattern>
<token>sufficient</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>enough</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="enough">That is <marker>sufficient</marker> reason.</example>
<example>That is reason <marker>enough</marker>.</example>
<example correction="enough">He was adding more until it was <marker>sufficient</marker>.</example>
<example>He was adding more until it was <marker>enough</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- take action to – (omit) -->
<rule id="TAKE_ACTION_TO" name="take action to (omit)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">take</token>
<token>action</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove as verbose.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Take action to</marker> fight climate change.</example>
<example>Fight climate change.</example>
</rule>
<!-- terminate – end, stop -->
<!-- than was formerly the case – now -->
<!-- that exists -->
<rule id="THAT_EXISTS" name="that exists (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>that</token>
<token>exists</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try removing the phrase.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="">The fear <marker>that exists</marker> among many people that we are losing our woodlands is uncalled for.</example>
<example>The fear <marker/> among many people that we are losing our woodlands is uncalled for.</example>
</rule>
<!-- the level of water rose - the water rose -->
<!-- the month of – (omit) -->
<!-- AssertionFailedError -->
<!-- the people who are located in - the people in -->
<!-- the pie that is located in - the pie in !!!-->
<!-- <rule id="IS_LOCATED_IN" name="who/that is located in (in)">-->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token regexp="yes">who|that</token> -->
<!-- <token inflected="yes">are</token> -->
<!-- <token>located</token> -->
<!-- <token>in</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Use <suggestion>in</suggestion>.</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="in">Can I accept orders from buyers <marker>who are located in</marker> other countries?</example> -->
<!-- <example>Can I accept orders from buyers <marker>in</marker> other countries?</example> -->
<!-- <example correction="in">Acn9 is a novel protein of gluconeogenesis <marker>that is located in</marker> the mitochondrial intermembrane space.</example> -->
<!-- <example>Acn9 is a novel protein of gluconeogenesis <marker>in</marker> the mitochondrial intermembrane space.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- there are – (omit) -->
<!-- therefore – thus, so -->
<!-- therein – there -->
<!-- there is – (omit) -->
<!-- the undersigned – I -->
<rule id="THE_UNDERSIGNED" name="the undersigned (I, me, we)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>undersigned</token>
</pattern>
<message>Legalese. Did you mean <suggestion>I</suggestion>, <suggestion>me</suggestion> or <suggestion>we</suggestion>?</message>
<url>http://www.businesswritingblog.com/business_writing/2009/02/who-is-the-undersigned-me-.html</url>
<example correction="I|me|we">Please contact <marker>the undersigned</marker>.</example>
<example>Please call <marker>me</marker> on this number.</example>
</rule>
<!-- the use of – (omit) -->
<!-- this activity, command – us, we -->
<!-- timely – prompt -->
<!-- time period – (either one) -->
<!-- to be violative of – violate -->
<!-- took advantage of – preyed -->
<!-- to wit – (omit) -->
<!-- transpire – happen -->
<!-- transmit – send -->
<!-- type of – (omit) -->
<rule id="TYPE_OF" name="that exists (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>type</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try removing the phrase "\1 \2".</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="">Legislators need to be more careful of the <marker>type of</marker> policy they propose.</example>
<example>Legislators need to be more careful of the <marker/> policy they propose.</example>
</rule>
<!-- under the provisions of – under -->
<!-- until such time as – until -->
<rule id="UNTIL_SUCH_TIME_AS" name="until such time as (until)">
<pattern>
<token>until</token>
<token>such</token>
<token>time</token>
<token>as</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>until</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="until">He may keep the key <marker>until such time as</marker> he resigns.</example>
<example>He may keep the key <marker>until</marker> he resigns.</example>
</rule>
<!-- utilize, utilization – use -->
<!-- validate – confirm -->
<!-- variation – change -->
<!-- various different – "various" or "different" -->
<!-- very – (omit) -->
<!-- very angry – enraged -->
<!-- viable – practical, workable -->
<!-- warrant – call for, permit -->
<!-- we are in receipt of – we've received -->
<!-- whosoever, whomsoever – whoever, whomever -->
<!-- what I mean to say is -->
<rule id="WHAT_I_MEAN_TO_SAY_IS_THAT" name="what I mean to say is that (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>what</token>
<token inflected="yes">I</token>
<token inflected="yes">mean</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>say</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>that</token>
<!-- <token min="0">that</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>Try removing the phrase.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction=""><marker>What I mean to say is that</marker> well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make fools of themselves.</example>
<example><marker/>Well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make fools of themselves.</example>
</rule>
<!-- with a view to – by, from -->
<!-- with reference to, with regard to – about, of, on, for -->
<rule id="WITH_OR_IN_REFERENCE_OR_REGARD_TO" name="with/in reference to, with/in regard to (about, of, on, for, concerning, regarding)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">with|in</token>
<token regexp="yes">reference|regard</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with shorter <suggestion>about</suggestion>, <suggestion>of</suggestion>, <suggestion>on</suggestion>, <suggestion>for</suggestion>, <suggestion>concerning</suggestion>, or <suggestion>regarding</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">Statement <marker>in reference to</marker> the book.</example>
<example>Statement <marker>on</marker> the book.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">What shall we do <marker>in regard to</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">What shall we do <marker>with regard to</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example>What shall we do <marker>about</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example>What shall we do <marker>regarding</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">This reply is <marker>in regard to</marker> your message earlier this week.</example>
<example>This reply <marker>concerns</marker> your message earlier this week.</example>
<example>This reply is <marker>about</marker> your message earlier this week.</example>
<example correction="About|Of|On|For|Concerning|Regarding"><marker>With regard to</marker> your letter last week, …</example>
<example><marker>Regarding</marker> your letter last week, …</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">Misunderstanding can arise <marker>in reference to</marker> how a person becomes certified or credentialed.</example>
<example>Misunderstanding can arise <marker>about</marker> how a person becomes certified or credentialed.</example>
<example>Misunderstanding can arise <marker>regarding</marker> how a person becomes certified or credentialed.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>with regard to</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example>The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>concerning</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example>The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>regarding</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example>The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>about</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">This test is important <marker>with regard to</marker> the new rules.</example>
<example>This test is important <marker>for</marker> the new rules.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">Before you do a test <marker>with regard to</marker> a rule, always include a correct example and an incorrect example.</example>
<example>Before you do a test <marker>of</marker> a rule, always include a correct example and an incorrect example.</example>
</rule>
<!-- with respect to – on, about -->
<!-- with the exception of – except for -->
<!-- with the minimum of delay – quickly (or say when) -->
<!-- witnessed – saw -->
<!-- worthwhile -->
<rule id="WORTHWHILE" name="worthwhile is weak">
<pattern>
<token postag="JJ">worthwhile</token>
</pattern>
<message>Weak word. Use something stronger like <suggestion>valuable</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="valuable">It was a <marker>worthwhile</marker> endeavor.</example>
<example>It was a valuable endeavor.</example>
</rule>
<!-- you are requested – please -->
<rule id="YOU_ARE_REQUESTED" name="you are requested (please)">
<pattern>
<token>you</token>
<token>are</token>
<token>requested</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>please</suggestion></message>
<example correction="please"><marker>you are requested to</marker> sit down.</example>
<example>Please sit down.</example>
</rule>
<!-- your attention is drawn – please see, please note -->
<!-- draw to your attention - point out -->
<rulegroup id="DRAW_ATTENTION" name="your attention is drawn, draw to your attention (please see, please note, point out)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>your</token>
<token>attention</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>drawn</token>
<token/>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>please see</suggestion> or <suggestion>please note</suggestion></message>
<example correction="Please see|Please note"><marker>Your attention is drawn to</marker> the last page.</example>
<example><marker>Please see</marker> the last page.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>draw</token>
<token>your</token>
<token>attention</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>point out</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="point out">We'd like to <marker>draw your attention to</marker> the last picture.</example>
<example>We'd like to <marker>point out</marker> the last picture.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- your office – you -->
<!-- / (slash) – and, or -->
<rule id="REFERRING_BACK" name="Legal jargon referring to previous text">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">above-mentioned|abovementioned|above-listed|abovelisted|beforementioned|before-mentioned|aforementioned|afore-mentioned</token>
</pattern>
<message>Leaglese. Bad form in any normal text. Remove and explain. Use <suggestion>this</suggestion> or <suggestion>these</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>above-mentioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>abovementioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>above-listed</marker> points must not be forgotten.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>abovelisted</marker> points must not be forgotten.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>before-mentioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>beforementioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>afore-mentioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>aforementioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example>Like I mentioned before, it is important not to follow rules blindly</example>
<example>This fact is important.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_TRUTH_OR_FACT_IS" name="Starting sentence with 'The truth/fact is'.">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>The</token>
<token regexp="yes">truth|fact</token>
<token>is</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove. Just say what the truth or fact is.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>The truth is</marker>, this is annoying.</example>
<example>This is annoying.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>The fact is</marker>, they are not here.</example>
<example>They are not here.</example>
</rule>
<!-- tired intensifiers - use sparingly -->
<!-- really, very, quite, extremely, severely -->
<rule default="off" id="TIRED_INTENSIFIERS" name="really, very, quite, extremely, severely (use sparingly)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">really|very|quite|extremely|severely</token>
</pattern>
<message>Intensifier that does not intensify "\1". Use sparingly.</message>
<url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url>
<example correction="">The band is <marker>very</marker> irritating.</example>
<example>The band is <marker>mind-jarringly</marker> irritating.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Wikipedia -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="WIKIPEDIA" name="Wikipedia" default="off">
<rule id="HASH_SYMBOL" name="Replace '#'">
<pattern>
<token>#</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace "#" with <suggestion>No. </suggestion> or <suggestion>number </suggestion> when referring to numbers or rankings.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Number_signs</url>
<example correction='No. |number '>The <marker>#</marker>3</example>
<example>No. </example>
<example>number </example>
</rule>
<rule id="WIKIPEDIA_12_PM" name="Replace '12 pm' with 'noon'">
<pattern>
<token>12</token>
<token>pm</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace "12 pm" with <suggestion>noon</suggestion> for clarity.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Time_of_day</url>
<example correction='noon'>At <marker>12 pm</marker></example>
<example>noon</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WIKIPEDIA_12_AM" name="Replace '12 am' with 'midnight'">
<pattern>
<token>12</token>
<token>am</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace "12 am" with <suggestion>midnight</suggestion> for clarity.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Time_of_day</url>
<example correction='midnight'>At <marker>12 am</marker></example>
<example>midnight</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WIKIPEDIA_CURRENTLY" name="Replace 'currently' with a specific date">
<pattern>
<token>currently</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace "currently" with a specific date, as "currently" will change over time.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Current</url>
<example correction=''><marker>currently</marker></example>
<example>date</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WIKIPEDIA_CONTRACTIONS" name="Replace 'wasn't' with 'was not'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>wasn</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>t</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace "wasn't" with <suggestion>was not</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Contractions</url>
<example correction='was not'><marker>wasn't</marker></example>
<example>it's</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace "it's" with <suggestion>it is</suggestion></message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Contractions</url>
<example correction='it is'><marker>it's</marker></example>
<example>it is</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<category id="TYPOGRAPHY" name="Typography" type="typographical">
<rule id="TRADEMARK" name="(TM) instead of ™">
<pattern case_sensitive='yes'>
<token regexp='yes'>\p{Lu}.*</token>
<marker>
<token>(</token>
<token>TM</token>
<token>)</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>™</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard notation of ™</short>
<example correction='™'>The new product is Executive Choice<marker>(TM)</marker> Plus.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="R_SYMBOL" name="(R) instead of ®">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<marker>
<token>(</token>
<token>R</token>
<token skip="-1">)</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[\p{Lu}^R]<exception scope="previous" negate="yes">(</exception></token>
<token skip="-1">)</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>(</token>
<token regexp="yes">[\p{Lu}^R]</token>
<token skip="-1">)</token>
<marker>
<token>R<exception scope="previous" negate="yes">(</exception></token>
<token skip="-1">)</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<pattern case_sensitive='yes'>
<token regexp='yes'>\p{Lu}.*</token>
<marker>
<token>(</token>
<token>R</token>
<token>)</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>®</suggestion>?</message>
<short>Nonstandard notation of ®</short>
<example correction='®'>Windows <marker>(R)</marker></example>
<example>These are Richard Burr (D) and Kay Hagan (R).</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COPYRIGHT" name="(c) instead of ©" type="typographical">
<antipattern>
<token>(</token>
<token>a</token>
<token skip="-1">)</token>
<token>b<exception scope="previous" negate="yes">(</exception></token>
<token skip="-1">)</token>
<marker>
<token>c<exception scope="previous" negate="yes">(</exception></token>
<token>)</token>
</marker>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>(</token>
<token>c</token>
<token>)</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">\d{4}|\p{Lu}\p{Ll}+</token>
</pattern>
<message>This notation is nonstandard, use this symbol instead: <suggestion>©</suggestion></message>
<short>Nonstandard notation of ©</short>
<example correction="©">Copyright <marker>(C)</marker> Joanna Bator, 2012</example>
<example correction="©">Copyright <marker>(C)</marker> 2010 The Estate of Ezra Pound</example>
<example>This is a list: (a) item, (b) 2 items, (c) 2014 items.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup type="locale-violation" id="CURRENCY" name="Position of currency symbols: '100$' ($100)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d+[$€£¥\u8371]</token>
</pattern>
<message>The currency mark is usually put at the beginning of the number: <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(\d+)([$€£¥\u8371])" regexp_replace="$2$1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Put currency at the beginning</short>
<example correction="$100">You owe me <marker>100$</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<token regexp="yes">[$€£¥\u8371]</token>
</pattern>
<message>The currency mark is usually put at the beginning of the number: <suggestion>\2\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Put currency at the beginning</short>
<example correction="$100">You owe me <marker>100 $</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule type="whitespace" id="CURRENCY_SPACE" name="Whitespace after currency symbols: '$ 100' ($100)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">[$€£¥\u8371]</token>
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore="yes">\d+</token>
</pattern>
<message>The currency mark is usually written without any whitespace: <suggestion>\1\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Remove whitespace</short>
<example correction="$100">You owe me <marker>$ 100</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EN_QUOTES" name="Smart quotes (“”)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="``"/>
</pattern>
<message>Use a smart opening quote here: <suggestion>“</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_quote#Electronic_documents</url>
<short>Use smart quotes</short>
<example correction="“">This is a (<marker>"</marker>test").</example>
<example correction="“"><marker>"</marker>Test"!</example>
<example>“Test”!</example>
<example correction="“">This is another <marker>"</marker>test".</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern> <!-- don't beautify inches -->
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="''|SENT_START" skip="-1"><exception scope="next" postag="``"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">\d{1,2}(?:[-\.]\d{1,2})?</token>
<marker><token postag="''"/></marker>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="''"/>
</pattern>
<message>Use a smart closing quote here: <suggestion>”</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_quote#Electronic_documents</url>
<short>Use smart quotes</short>
<example correction="”">This is a ("test<marker>"</marker>)</example>
<example correction="”">Use a quote "here<marker>"</marker> to say something.</example>
<example correction="”">This is another "test<marker>"</marker>.</example>
<example correction="”">Achilles is mentioned in the song "57821<marker>"</marker>, by Janelle Monáe ft.</example>
<example>“Test”!</example>
<example>Economy class seats have a seat pitch of 31-33"</example>
<example correction="”">American baseball player nicknamed "The Animal<marker>"</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>`</token>
<token spacebefore="no">`</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use a smart opening quote here: <suggestion>“</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_quote#Electronic_documents</url>
<short>Use smart quotes</short>
<example correction="“"><marker>``</marker>Test”.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>„</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possibly wrong smart opening quote: <suggestion>“</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/„</url>
<example correction="“"><marker>„</marker>Test”.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule default="off" id="ELLIPSIS" name="Smart ellipsis (…)">
<pattern>
<token>.</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>.</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use typographical ellipsis character here instead: <suggestion>…</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="…">This is important <marker>. . .</marker> as far as I know.</example>
<example>This is important – as far as I know.</example>
<example correction="…">This is important<marker>...</marker> as far as I know.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WRONG_APOSTROPHE" name="Wrong apostrophe character">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">ain|aren|can|couldn|didn|doesn|don|hadn|hasn|haven|isn|mayn|mightn|mustn|needn|oughtn|shan|shouldn|wasn|weren|won|wouldn</token>
<token regexp="yes">[´`]</token>
<token>t</token>
</pattern>
<message>You used an accent character instead of an apostrophe. Please use either <suggestion>\1'\3</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1’\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Accent character misused as apostrophe</short>
<example correction="shouldn't|shouldn’t">You <marker>shouldn´t</marker> do it!</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">ain|aren|can|couldn|didn|doesn|don|hadn|hasn|haven|isn|mayn|mightn|mustn|needn|oughtn|shan|shouldn|wasn|weren|won|wouldn</token>
<token regexp="yes">[;:"]</token>
<token>t</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1'\3</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1’\3</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="shouldn't|shouldn’t">You <marker>shouldn;t</marker> do it!</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="APOSTROPHE_IN_DATES" name="Apostrophe in dates">
<pattern>
<token spacebefore="yes" regexp='yes'>(:?[1-2]\d)?\d0<exception regexp='yes'>2[1-9]\d0</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">['’]</token>
<token>s</token>
</pattern>
<message>Apostrophes aren't needed for decades: <suggestion><match no="1"/><match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://www.monash.edu/about/editorialstyle/editing/apostrophes</url>
<short>Apostrophe in a decade date</short>
<example correction='1990s'>Hillary Clinton asked where Bernie Sanders was in the <marker>1990's</marker>.</example>
<example correction='90s'>Hillary Clinton asked where Bernie Sanders was in the <marker>90's</marker>.</example>
<example correction='1990s'>Where were you in the <marker>1990’s</marker>?</example>
<example>Disc wheels replaced the <marker>Alvis 12/70</marker>'s wire wheels and are fitted with larger tyres.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Misused terms in EU publications, Gardner, version 25 May 2016 -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="MISUSED_TERMS_EU_PUBLICATIONS" name="Misused terms in EU publications (Gardner)" type="terminology" default="off">
<rule id="EUPUB_ACTION" name="action">
<antipattern>
<token chunk="B-VP"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk="I-VP"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">action|actions</token>
</pattern>
<message>In EU texts, the word 'action' is used countably with a meaning akin to
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">scheme</match></suggestion>',
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">measure</match></suggestion>' or
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">project</match></suggestion>'. Where 'action' is used countably with this meaning, use one of those words.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: action</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Scheme|Measure|Project"><marker>Action</marker> 1 Measure 1.1 - Town twinning citizens' meetings - EUR 5896000</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="schemes|measures|projects">Measures may include specific <marker>actions</marker> for the development of e-Government.</example>
<example>Refer to these <marker>projects</marker>:</example>
<example>When you <marker>action</marker> these tasks…</example>
<example>If you frequently <marker>action</marker> these tasks…</example>
<example type="triggers_error">When the technician <marker>actions</marker> these tasks…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ACTOR" name="actor">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">actor</token>
</pattern>
<message>An actor is 'a person who acts in a play, film, broadcast, etc.' or 'a person who puts on a false manner in order to deceive others'. In EU usage, 'actors' are often simply 'the people and/or organisations involved in doing something'. Rework the sentence to avoid the problem. Identify who you are talking about ('international aid organisations', for example) and using the term.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: actor</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… which have been supported by the EU and endorsed by various international <marker>actors</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">Municipalities represent a major <marker>actor</marker> of the required change…</example>
<example>… which have been supported by the EU and endorsed by various international <marker>organisations</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ACTORNESS" name="actorness">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">actorness|actornesses</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is an extraordinary creation… that is both quite impenetrable and slightly childish. Alternatives: <suggestion>participation</suggestion>, <suggestion>involvement</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: actorness</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Participation|Involvement">EU <marker>Actorness</marker> in International Affairs: The Case of EULEX Mission in Kosovo.</example>
<example>EU <marker>Participation</marker> in International Affairs: The Case of EULEX Mission in Kosovo.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="participation|involvement">If the <marker>actornesses</marker> of the EU are…</example>
<example>If the <marker>involvement</marker> of the EU is…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ACTUAL" name="actual">
<pattern>
<token>actual</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Actual' is sometimes used to refer to something that is happening now. However, in English it means 'real' or 'existing'. Alternatives: <suggestion>current</suggestion>, <suggestion>present</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: actual</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="current|present">This appropriation is… based on the <marker>actual</marker> regulations and on the probable adjustments.</example>
<example type="correct" >This appropriation is… based on the <marker>current</marker> regulations and on the probable adjustments.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ADEQUATE" name="adequate">
<pattern>
<token>adequate</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Adequate' is frequently used with the meaning of 'appropriate'. However, its actual meaning is closer to 'satisfactory' or sometimes even 'barely satisfactory'. Alternatives: <suggestion>appropriate</suggestion>, <suggestion>suitable</suggestion>, <suggestion>fitting</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: adequate</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="appropriate|suitable|fitting">The collection of the data should be <marker>adequate</marker> and proportionate to the objectives pursued.</example>
<example>The collection of the data should be <marker>suitable</marker> and proportionate to the objectives pursued.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_AGENDA" name="agenda"><!-- agenda=agendum/NNS. Thus, use a rulegroup -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>agenda</token>
</pattern>
<message>An agenda is 'a list or programme of things to be done or considered'. It is not a book in which you write your appointments. Alternatives: <suggestion>diary</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: agenda [singular]</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="diary">Write the time of the meeting in your <marker>agenda</marker>.</example>
<example>Write the time of the meeting in your <marker>diary</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>agendas</token>
</pattern>
<message>An agenda is 'a list or programme of things to be done or considered'. It is not a book in which you write your appointments. Alternatives: <suggestion>diaries</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: agenda [plural]</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="diaries">Three <marker>agendas</marker> were found in the meeting room.</example>
<example>Three <marker>diaries</marker> were found in the meeting room.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_AGENT" name="agent">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">agent</token>
</pattern>
<message>In British English, an 'agent' works for a government intelligence agency (CIA, MOSSAD, MI5, G2), runs or represents a service agency (travel agent, estate agent), or represents a company in its dealings with the public (ticket agent, baggage agent, call-centre agent). Alternatives: <suggestion>staff</suggestion>, <suggestion><match no="1" postag="NNS?">employee</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: agent</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="staff|employees">The problem of vacancies mainly concerns contract <marker>agents</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Staff|Employees"><marker>Agents</marker> must not use this car park.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="staff|employee">If you are an <marker>agent</marker> of the EU who has…</example>
<example>The problem of vacancies mainly concerns contract <marker>staff</marker>.</example>
<example><marker>Employees</marker> must not use this car park.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_AIDS" name="aids">
<antipattern>
<token chunk="B-VP"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>aids</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'aid' is uncountable when it has the meaning of 'assistance'. With an '-s', it refers to a disease (AIDS) or to devices that help you do something (e.g. 'hearing aids' or 'teaching aids'). Alternatives: <suggestion>aid</suggestion>, <suggestion>subsidies</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: aids</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="aid|subsidies">State <marker>aids</marker> — Decisions to propose appropriate measures pursuant to Article 108(1).</example>
<example>This medication <marker>aids</marker> the recovery of most patients.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_AIM" name="aim (with the aim to)">
<pattern>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">aim|aims</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>There are 634 instances of 'with the aim to (do something) in Eurlex. 'With the aim to' takes 'of' + the gerund. Alternatives: <suggestion>with the aim of</suggestion> (doing something), <suggestion>with a view to</suggestion> (doing something, not do something).</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: with the aim to</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="with the aim of|with a view to">List of specific recommendations from the Commission <marker>with the aim to</marker> reduce the administrative burden of REACH by SMEs.</example>
<example>List of specific recommendations from the Commission <marker>with the aim of</marker> reducing the administrative burden…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ALLOW_PERMIT_ENABLE_TO" name="allow (to), permit (to), enable (to)">
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token regexp="yes">allowed|permitted|enabled</token>
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">allowed|permitted|enabled</token>
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">allow|permit|enable</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>When used to mean 'make it possible to', 'allow to', 'permit to', and 'enable to' cannot be used without a grammatical object. 'Allow' must be followed by a noun or pronoun such as 'us'. Alternatives: make it possible to, allow us to, enable us to, allow (an assessment) of.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: allow/permit/enable (to)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The statistics available do not <marker>allow to</marker> take account of all these situations.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… if the function <marker>allows to</marker> assess whether the subsystem fully complies with…</example>
<example>These persons are not <marker>allowed to</marker> to do the work:</example>
<example>You are <marker>permitted to</marker> to do the work unless you…</example>
<example>The statistics available do not <marker>allow us to</marker>take account of all these situations.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ANGLO_SAXON" name="Anglo-Saxon">
<pattern>
<token>Anglo-Saxon</token>
</pattern>
<message>The term 'Anglo-Saxon' is generally used to describe 'a member of any of the West Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) that settled in Britain from the 5th century AD'. Also, in America, it is used to denominate white people, usually of the Protestant faith ('WASPS'). Alternatives: <suggestion>English-speaking</suggestion> when referring to the countries or the people, <suggestion>British</suggestion> and <suggestion>American</suggestion> ('Australian' or whatever) when referring to agencies, capitalism etc.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: Anglo-Saxon</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="English-speaking|British|American">The <marker>Anglo-Saxon</marker> group of agencies are…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="English-speaking|British|American">… <marker>Anglo-Saxon</marker> capitalism which was not disrupted by two world wars and the specific operational issues relating to Asian economies.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ANIMATE" name="animate">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">animate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Every now and then a job advertisement appears, saying that the Commission is looking for a 'head of sector to animate 12 staff members'. The new employee will find that he/she is expected to <suggestion>lead</suggestion> or <suggestion>head</suggestion> a team.</message><!-- leaded=VBD. Thus, cannot use <match no="1" postag="(VB|VBZ|VBG|VBD)" postag_replace="$1">head</match> -->
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: animate</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="lead|head">The Commission is looking for a head of sector to <marker>animate</marker> 12 staff members.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="lead|head">An EU Internal Security Consultative Forum <marker>animated</marker> by the Commission together with…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="lead|head">The continuation of the process… is expected to be <marker>animated</marker> by the Director of Budget Execution.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ANTI" name="anti-">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">anti-.*<exception regexp="yes">anti-(depressants?|inflammator(y|ies))</exception></token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"></token>
</pattern>
<message>The UK has a fraud office, a national crime agency, drug squads and vice squads. In the EU, we have the European Anti Fraud Office, anti-crime policies, anti-drugs trafficking, and anti-cyber crime investigation. You can usually remove 'anti-'. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)(anti)-(.*)" regexp_replace="$2"/> \2</suggestion></message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: anti-</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="cyber crime">These threats are outlined in the framework of the Commission <marker>anti-cyber crime</marker> policy.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="fraud units">The rapid exchange of information between VAT <marker>anti-fraud units</marker> in different Member States is important.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Crime policies"><marker>Anti-crime policies</marker> are a necessary prerequisite to the…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="CRIME POLICIES"><marker>ANTI-CRIME POLICIES</marker>:</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drugs trafficking">An <marker>anti-drugs trafficking</marker> investigation is necessary.</example>
<example>This <marker>anti-depressant</marker> is good.</example>
<example>These <marker>anti-depressants</marker> are very good.</example>
<example>If <marker>anti-inflammatory drugs</marker> cannot be used…</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_ARTICULATE_ARTICULATION" name="articulate/articulation">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">articulate</token>
</pattern>
<message>The verb 'articulate' normally means 'to put something into words' (e.g. 'he tried to articulate his fears'). Used intransitively, it means 'to speak' or 'to enunciate'. In EU texts, on the other hand, 'articulate' is commonly used to mean
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">coordinate</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">link</match> together</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">connect</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">organise</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">structure</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: articulate/articulation</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="coordinate|link together|connect|organise|structure">The European Parliament… urges Turkey to <marker>articulate</marker> with the Iraqi Government, and other neighbours, …</example>
<example>The European Parliament… urges Turkey to <marker>coordinate</marker> with the Iraqi Government, and other neighbours, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="coordinated|linked together|connected|organised|structured">The strategy is <marker>articulated</marker> (= structured?) around four main 'pillars'.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="coordinate|link together|connect|organise|structure">The main challenge is to <marker>articulate</marker> (=coordinate?) the work of the groups.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="coordinates|links together|connects|organises|structures">This document <marker>articulates</marker> the work of the research group.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Coordinating|Linking together|Connecting|Organising|Structuring"><marker>Articulating</marker> the problems is the first step to resolving them.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">articulation</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Articulation' is 'the act or process of speaking or expressing in words'; it is also a synonym for a joint (principally in anatomy, botany and mechanics) and, by extension, the 'state of being jointed together'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NNS|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN:U">coordination</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">link</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S|:UN)" postag_replace="NN$1">structure</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: articulate/articulation</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="coordination|link|structure">This includes an appropriate <marker>articulation</marker> with the Cohesion policy funds.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="coordination|link|structure">Ensure greater consistency between product policies by better coordinating the <marker>articulation</marker>, revision and implementation of the different policy instruments.</example><!-- (=design, coordination, interaction?) -->
<example>This includes an appropriate <marker>coordination</marker> with the Cohesion policy funds.</example>
<example>This includes an appropriate <marker>link</marker> with the Cohesion policy funds.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Coordination|Links|Structures"><marker>Articulations</marker> in the Cohesion policy funds must…</example>
<example><marker>Coordination</marker> in the Cohesion policy funds must…</example>
<example><marker>Links</marker> in the Cohesion policy funds must…</example>
<example><marker>Structures</marker> in the Cohesion policy funds must…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_ASSIST_AT" name="assist at">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" >assist</token>
<token>at</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Assist at' is archaic in the meaning of 'attend'. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*">attend</match></suggestion>, <suggestion>be present at</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: assist at</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="attend|be present at">Officials of the Commission <marker>assist at</marker> the meetings of the Committee and the working groups.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="attends|be present at">She usually <marker>assists at</marker> the meetings of the Committee.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="attended|be present at">He <marker>assisted at</marker> the meetings of the Committee.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Attending|Be present at"><marker>Assisting at</marker> the meetings of the Committee is necessary.</example>
<example>Officials of the Commission <marker>attend</marker> the meetings of the Committee and the working groups.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ATTESTATION" name="attestation">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">attestation</token>
</pattern>
<message>Attestation is not a common word in English and its most frequent meaning is: 'the act of attending the execution of a document and bearing witness to its authenticity'. It is not normally a synonym for <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">certificate</match></suggestion>.</message>
<example type="incorrect" correction="certificate">… is a necessary and sufficient condition for an <marker>attestation</marker> of conformity.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="certificates">These <marker>attestations</marker> are not satisfactory.</example>
<example>… is a necessary and sufficient condition for a <marker>certificate</marker> of conformity.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_ATTRIBUTE" name="attribute to">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" inflected="yes" skip="-1">attribute</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">aid|compensation|contract|licence</token>
</pattern>
<message>If you attribute something to someone, you are saying that he is thought to have made it/produced it. You can also attribute something to a cause ('The EIB attributes this relative underperformance… to the financial crisis'). You cannot, however, attribute aid, compensation, contracts or licences. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*">allocate</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*">grant</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*">give</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*">award</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*">assign</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: attribute to</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="allocate|grant|give|award|assign">The contracting authority can <marker>attribute</marker> a contract to the company if…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="allocates|grants|gives|awards|assigns">When the authority <marker>attributes</marker> one or more licences, the…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="allocated|granted|given|awarded|assigned">The contracting authority <marker>attributed</marker> a service contract to the company.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Allocating|Granting|Giving|Awarding|Assigning"><marker>Attributing</marker> a service contract without…</example>
<example>The contracting authority can <marker>award</marker> a contract to the company if…</example>
<example>This unusual <marker>attribute</marker> of the data is an aid to the…</example>
<example>But, these <marker>attributes</marker> and conditions are not always a problem with respect to compensation.</example>
<example>The EIB <marker>attributes</marker> this relative underperformance to the financial crisis.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" regexp="yes" inflected="yes" skip="-1">aid|compensation|contract|licence</token>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" inflected="yes">attribute</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>If you attribute something to someone, you are saying that he is thought to have made it/produced it. You can also attribute something to a cause ('The EIB attributes this relative underperformance… to the financial crisis'). You cannot, however, attribute aid, compensation, contracts or licences. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="V.*">allocate</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="V.*">grant</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="V.*">give</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="V.*">award</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="V.*">assign</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: attribute to</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="allocated|granted|given|awarded|assigned">The contracts were <marker>attributed</marker> on 21 March.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="allocate|grant|give|award|assign">Contracts: when you <marker>attribute</marker> these, you must…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="allocates|grants|gives|awards|assigns">Licence -- the authority <marker>attributes</marker> one or more as necessary.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Allocating|Granting|Giving|Awarding|Assigning">Compensation: <marker>Attributing</marker> without…</example>
<example>The contracts were <marker>awarded</marker> on 21 March.</example>
<example>This licence has an unusual <marker>attribute</marker> in that the…</example>
<example>But, for compensation, these <marker>attributes</marker> and conditions are not always a problem.</example>
<example>The EIB <marker>attributes</marker> this relative underperformance to the financial crisis.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_AXIS" name="axis">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">axis</token>
</pattern>
<message>The use of the word 'axis' that is often found in EU documents ('a coherent group of measures with specific goals') appears to derive from the French (possibly from the meaning 'general direction' cited in the 'Petit Robert'). This usage does not exist in English, where the word is used primarily in geometry, anatomy and politics ('the Axis powers' or the 'axis of evil'). Curiously, in EU texts, 'axes' can also be roads, particularly important ones. Use: depending on the context: priority axis = priority; road axis = road (sometimes trunk road); strategic axis = strategic priority etc. If you have to use the EU term here, you really do need to explain it.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: axis</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… shall be calculated by applying the co-financing rate for each priority <marker>axis</marker> laid down by the Commission decision.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… reduced the ERDF assistance granted to the Operational Programme "Access and Road <marker>axes</marker>" for the period 1994-1999.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_BADGE" name="badge (badge, to badge)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">badge</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although the use of the word 'badge' to mean '<suggestion>service pass</suggestion>' seems to have gained currency in the English speaking world, it can still not be used to describe a lunch card or the little tag you use to clock in and out at work. Generally speaking it must be something attached to or worn on your outer clothing. There is also no verb 'to badge' in this context. Alternatives:
<suggestion>tag</suggestion> for the clocking-in device, and
<suggestion>clock in</suggestion> or
<suggestion>clock out</suggestion> for the verb. In the school example, the object is actually a
<suggestion>lunch card</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: badge (badge, to badge)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="service pass|tag|clock in|clock out|lunch card">New topping up system for your children's <marker>badges</marker> at the European School.</example>
<example>New topping up system for your children's <marker>lunch card</marker> at the European School.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="service pass|tag|clock in|clock out|lunch card">… there is a flexi-time <marker>badge</marker> reader in the cafeteria hall.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="service pass|tag|clock in|clock out|lunch card">Until the <marker>badging</marker> systems have been harmonised (entry and flexi-time), there is a…</example>
<example>Until the <marker>tagging</marker> systems have been harmonised (entry and flexi-time), there is a…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="service pass|tag|clock in|clock out|lunch card">New topping up system for your children's <marker>badge</marker> at the European School.</example>
<example>New topping up system for your children's <marker>lunch cards</marker> at the European School.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_BOVINE_OVINE_CAPRINE_PORCINE_ASININE_ANIMALS" name="bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine and asinine animals">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>bovine</token>
</pattern>
<message>Bovine animals are 'any of various chiefly domesticated mammals of the genus Bos, including cows, steers, bulls, and oxen, often raised for meat and dairy products'. These animals are normally called '<suggestion>cattle</suggestion>' in English.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: bovine</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="cattle">… as regards model certificates relating to the importation of <marker>bovine</marker> animals for slaughter and…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="cattle">… and <marker>bovine</marker> fresh meat.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>ovine</token>
</pattern>
<message>Ovine animals are <suggestion>sheep</suggestion>. The term 'ovine' would only be known to specialists.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: ovine</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="sheep">… as regards model certificates relating to the importation of <marker>ovine</marker> animals for slaughter and…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="sheep">… and <marker>ovine</marker> fresh meat.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>caprine</token>
</pattern>
<message>Caprine animals are<suggestion>goats</suggestion>. The term 'caprine' would only be known to specialists.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: porcine</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="goats">… and <marker>caprine</marker> fresh meat.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>porcine</token>
</pattern>
<message>Porcine animals are <suggestion>pigs</suggestion>. The term 'porcine' would only be known to specialists.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: porcine</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="pigs">… and <marker>porcine</marker> fresh meat.</example>
<example>… and fresh meat from <marker>pigs</marker>.</example>
<example>… and fresh <marker>pig</marker> meat.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>asinine</token>
</pattern>
<message>Asinine animals are asses (perhaps '<suggestion>donkeys</suggestion>' would be a better word these days). The term 'asinine' would only be known to specialists. However, 'asinine' is relatively common, in the meaning 'extremely stupid or foolish.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: asinine</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="donkeys">… and <marker>asinine</marker> animals.</example>
<example>… and <marker>donkeys</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_BUDGET_LINE" name="budget line">
<pattern>
<token>budget</token>
<token regexp="yes">lines?</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Budget line' is used so often that it has begun to sound right. However, it does not exist in English in the sense in which it is used in the EU institutions. Furthermore, there is no consensus as to what 'budget line' actually refers to (some say 'budget heading' and some 'budget item'). The dictionary definition of 'budget line' is 'the alternative combinations of two different goods that can be purchased with a given income and given prices of the two goods'. Alternatives:
<suggestion>budget <match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">heading</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>budget <match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">item</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>budget <match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">title</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: budget line</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="budget heading|budget item|budget title">These are DG and Culture (DG EAC) for <marker>budget line</marker> 15, …</example>
<example>These are DG and Culture (DG EAC) for <marker>budget item</marker> 15, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Budget headings|Budget items|Budget titles"><marker>Budget lines</marker>:</example>
<example>Use these <marker>budget headings</marker>:</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CABINET" name="cabinet">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">cabinets?</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Cabinet' (usually pronounced 'cabinay' by English-speaking EU officials and 'cabinet' by others) is the term used at the Commission (and informally at the Court of Auditors) to refer to the private office of a Commissioner (or Member). Other than denoting a piece of furniture, the term is most commonly used in Britain to refer to 'the senior ministers of the British Government'. The 'British cabinet' is therefore 'the principal executive group of British government' and not the private office of the British member of the Commission or Court or the staff thereof. Alternatives:
<suggestion>private office</suggestion>, <suggestion>office</suggestion>.</message><!-- Cannot make postag replacement give the correct result. -->
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: cabinet</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="private office|office">Go to the British <marker>cabinet</marker>.</example>
<example>Go to the <marker>office</marker> of the British member of the Commission.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CASE" name="case (in case /in case of)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>case</token>
</pattern>
<message>'In case of' does not mean '<suggestion>for</suggestion>' and 'in case' (without of) is not an elegant way of saying '<suggestion>if</suggestion>, '<suggestion>when</suggestion>' or '<suggestion>where</suggestion>'. This may sound a trifle odd to people in 'Brussels', where we often find sentences like 'farmers are subject to possible reductions in case of non-compliance' (= for non-compliance) and 'the fund can be mobilised in case the damage caused by a national disaster exceeds the threshold' (= where it exceeds the threshold)… In regular English 'in case of' is most commonly used in sentences that follow the pattern: 'in case of fire, break glass' (i.e. 'in the event of an (adverse) occurrence, act as follows') and 'in case' (no of) means 'in the event that', or just 'if'.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: case (in case /in case of)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="for|if|when|where">Farmers are… subject to possible reduction of the grubbing-up premium <marker>in case</marker> of non-compliance with certain requirements.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="For|If|When|Where"><marker>In case</marker> of pigs and poultry, at least 20 % of the feed shall come from the farm unit itself</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="for|if|when|where">The likelihood of continuation of dumping <marker>in case</marker> the measures would be (sic) allowed to lapse is examined in the following</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="for|if|when|where">The fund can be mobilised <marker>in case</marker> the damages (sic) caused by a national disaster exceed the threshold of three billion euro.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CITIZEN" name="citizen">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">citizen</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Citizen' has become something of a buzzword that EU authors like to include in their texts, presumably to emphasize the concept of 'European citizenship', as introduced under the Maastricht treaty. Actually, this word is decidedly less common in English than in some other languages and, in native texts, it is nearly always used to mean 'a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth'. The emphasis is very much on nationality, so, for example, if we say that 'steps have been taken to help citizens get back to work', we imply that non-citizens are not expected to benefit. Use 'citizen' only if you really mean 'citizen' and particularly if you wish to exclude non-citizens. Otherwise, use <suggestion>the public</suggestion>, <suggestion>people</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1">taxpayer</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: citizen</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="the public|people|taxpayers">Tax on <marker>citizens</marker> travelling from airports within the EU.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="the public|people|taxpayers">The budget should be a responsible use of <marker>citizens</marker>' money.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="the public|people|taxpayer">… are promoting ways to increase effectiveness for each <marker>citizen</marker>.</example>
<example>Tax on <marker>people</marker> travelling from airports within the EU.</example>
<example>… are promoting ways to increase effectiveness for <marker>the public</marker> and improve value for money.</example>
<example>The budget should be a responsible use of <marker>taxpayers</marker>' money.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_COHERENT_COHERENCE" name="coherent/coherence">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">coherent|coherence</token>
</pattern>
<message>Coherent means 'logical; consistent and orderly' or 'capable of logical and orderly thought'. In the former meaning, it is generally an internal characteristic of an argument or a publication, for example, and in the latter meaning, it is an internal characteristic of a person (e.g. 'he is totally incoherent, he must have been drinking'). In the EU, on the other hand, it is frequently used with the meaning of 'in agreement with' or 'accordant with' (something else). Alternatives: <suggestion>consistent</suggestion>, consistency.</message>
<example type="incorrect" correction="consistent">The Framework Programme is <marker>coherent</marker> with the objectives of the SET-Plan.</example>
<example>The Framework Programme is <marker>consistent</marker> with the objectives of the SET-Plan.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_COLLEGE" name="college">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">college</token>
</pattern>
<message>In the English-speaking world, 'college' normally refers to one type of educational establishment or another (university college, Eton College, etc.). It can also be a body of electors ('electoral college'). In the EU, it is used to mean the actual Court or Commission, as opposed to the institution and its staff. The only context where it is traditionally used in a similar meaning is the ecclesiastical Latinism: 'the college of cardinals' (from Collegium Cardinalium). The term 'college of Commissioners' has become enshrined in EU usage, but we should use the word sparingly when referring to other bodies. Especially when it is used in isolation ('the college' tout court), readers outside the institutions may think we are referring to a school of some sort. Alternatives: <suggestion>Court</suggestion>, <suggestion>Commission</suggestion>. If it is necessary to specify beyond doubt that it was the actual Court, we can say 'the Court itself' or 'the Court's members' ('the Members of the Commission') or even just 'the Members' (or the 'Commissioners').</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: college</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Court|Commission">… to be adopted by the <marker>College</marker> before the 2007 summer break.</example>
<example>… to be adopted by the <marker>Commission</marker> before the 2007 summer break.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_COMITOLOGY" name="comitology">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">comitology|comitologies</token>
</pattern>
<message>There are 1,253 instances of the word 'comitology' in EUR Lex. However, not only does the word not exist outside the EU institutions, but it is formed from a misspelt stem (committee has two 'm's and two 't's) and a suffix that means something quite different (ology/logy means 'the science of' or 'the study of') . It is therefore highly unlikely that an outsider would be able to deduce its meaning, even in context. The official term is '<suggestion>committee procedure</suggestion>'.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: comitology</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="committee procedure">… in the framework of the now-abolished <marker>comitology</marker> procedure, to ensure that the new system operates properly.</example>
<example>… in the framework of the <marker>committee procedure</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_COMPETENCES" name="competences">
<pattern>
<token>competences</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Competence' in its meaning of 'the legal authority of a court or other body to deal with a particular matter' is uncountable in English and therefore does not usually take a plural. We normally speak of the 'powers' of bodies or institutions rather than their 'competences'. Alternatives: <suggestion>powers</suggestion>, <suggestion>jurisdiction</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: competences</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="powers|jurisdiction">This Directive fully respects the <marker>competences</marker> of Member States, …</example>
<example>This Directive fully respects the <marker>jurisdiction</marker> of Member States, …</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_COMPLETE" name="complete">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">complete</token>
</pattern>
<message>To 'complete' means to finish, end or terminate. It therefore implies that whatever is being completed was somehow incomplete. In EU texts, however, this word is often used to mean that something extra has been added to supplement something that, in itself, was actually complete beforehand. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">supplement</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">add</match> to</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: complete)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="supplement|add to">They proposed a Regulation to <marker>complete</marker> Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000, aimed at facilitating…</example>
<example>They proposed a Regulation to <marker>supplement</marker> Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000, aimed at facilitating…</example>
<example>They proposed a Regulation to <marker>add to</marker> Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000, aimed at facilitating…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="supplements|adds to">The new Regulation <marker>completes</marker> Regulation (EC) No…</example>
<example>The new Regulation <marker>supplements</marker> Regulation (EC) No…</example>
<example>The new Regulation <marker>adds to</marker> Regulation (EC) No…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="supplemented|added to">The new Regulation <marker>completed</marker> Regulation (EC) No…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="supplementing|adding to">All the new Regulations that are <marker>completing</marker> other Regulations…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CONCERN" name="concern (concerning, for what concerns)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">concern|concerns|concerning</token><!-- Refer to 'concerned' -->
</pattern>
<message>We often find paragraphs in reports that begin with 'concerning XYZ, the Court found that…', instead of 'with regard to'. This sounds very odd in English. The rather endearing Gallicism 'for what concerns' is also remarkably common, even in published documents (30 hits in EUR Lex, many of which are recent). In English, there is usually no need to start a sentence with a direct reference to the subject matter, as you would in certain other languages, and a different word-order might be better. Furthermore, where this introductory phrase merely repeats the paragraph heading, it should be eliminated altogether. Alternatives: <suggestion>with regard to</suggestion>, <suggestion>in respect of</suggestion>, <suggestion>in terms of</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: concern (concerning, for what concerns)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="With regard to|In respect of|In terms of"><marker>Concerning</marker> the achievement[s] of the six EFA goals, the PEDP report reports that sound progress is being made…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="with regard to|in respect of|in terms of">For what <marker>concerns</marker> resettlement, Member States will receive financial incentives (lump sums) every two years…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CONCERNED" name="concerned">
<pattern>
<token>concerned</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>A number of adjectives in English have a different meaning when used after the noun. One of these is 'concerned'. Before the noun, it means 'worried', after the noun, it means 'involved in or affected by something'. A concerned official is therefore one that is worried about something, whereas if you want to contact the official responsible for something, you should write to the official concerned. Alternatives: <suggestion>\2 \1</suggestion></message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: concerned</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="officials concerned">This list should not be used in order to target the <marker>concerned officials</marker> with a marketing campaign or to profile them…</example>
<example>This list should not be used in order to target the <marker>officials concerned</marker> with a marketing campaign or to profile them…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="stakeholders concerned">… and reach out [to] interested and <marker>concerned stakeholders</marker> at national, regional and local level.</example>
<example>It will allow the objectives of the Year to penetrate more easily and reach out [to] stakeholders at national, regional and local level.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CONDITIONALITY" name="conditionality">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">conditionality</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Conditionality' is a clumsy word that should be used parsimoniously. Moreover, it is not an erudite synonym of 'condition' but a derivative of 'conditional' and means simply 'the state of being conditional'. Finally, it is an uncountable noun that cannot be used in the plural, despite the 156 plural hits in Eurlex. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">condition</match></suggestion> or 'the conditions imposed/set'.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: conditionality</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="conditions">… possible for you to influence <marker>conditionalities</marker>.</example>
<example>… possible for you to influence <marker>conditions</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="condition">… and this <marker>conditionality</marker> has a…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CONFERENCE" name="conference">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN:UN|NNS" inflected="yes">conference</token>
</pattern>
<message>In-house terminology uses 'conference' to refer to a simple talk or lecture, where one speaker comes to impart his knowledge on a given subject. In English, a conference is 'a high-level meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion with a number of speakers, often lasting several days', like the Kyoto conference, or in the legal context, a one-to-one meeting between a barrister and his client. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">talk</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">lecture</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">presentation</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: conference</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="talk|lecture|presentation">… the Medical Service is organizing a <marker>conference</marker> on Tuesday 12 October… A specialist doctor, M. Vic Arendt, will answer any of your questions.</example>
<example>… the Medical Service is organizing a <marker>lecture</marker> on Tuesday 12 October….</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="talks|lectures|presentations">The two <marker>conferences</marker> are each an hour long.</example>
<example>When you <marker>conference</marker> with the manager…</example>
<example>The technicians <marker>conferenced</marker> with the manager.</example>
<example>The you go to the <marker>Standards Conference</marker>, …</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CONSIDER_AS" name="consider as">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">consider</token>
<token>as</token>
</pattern>
<message>The American heritage book of English usage states that, in 'consider as', the 'as' is 'not sufficiently well established to be acceptable in writing'. In any case, it is redundant. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">consider</match></suggestion> or consider to be.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: consider as</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="considered">This increase is <marker>considered as</marker> adequate and in line with the rules.</example>
<example>This increase is <marker>considered</marker> adequate and in line with the rules.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="consider">The Commission did not issue guidance on what you should <marker>consider as</marker> a 'new product or new technique'.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="considers">The Commission <marker>considers as</marker> adequate the new proposal.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Considering"><marker>Considering as</marker> the proposal is satisfactory…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CONTRACTUAL_AGENT" name="contractual (agent)">
<pattern>
<token>contractual</token>
<token inflected="yes">agent</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Contractual' means 'laid down in a contract' (e.g. 'contractual terms'), it does not mean 'under contract'. Although the term is widely used in this latter way in the institutions, it does not appear at all in the current Staff Regulations or in the Conditions of Employment of other Servants. Alternatives: <suggestion>contract staff</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: contractual (agent)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Contract staff">… Temporary agents (officials seconded by the Commission and agents recruited by the agency) | <marker>Contractual agents</marker> | Seconded national experts | Total</example>
<example>… Temporary agents (officials seconded by the Commission and agents recruited by the agency) | <marker>Contract staff</marker> | Seconded national experts | Total</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_CONTRADICTORY_PROCEDURE" name="contradictory procedure">
<pattern>
<token>contradictory</token>
<token inflected="yes">procedure</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Contradictory procedure' does not exist in English as a fixed expression, although, of course, a procedure can be contradictory. The EU's financial regulation lays down '<suggestion>adversarial <match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NN.*)" postag_replace="$1">procedure</match></suggestion>' as the technical term for the Court's hearing of the Commission with regard to its findings. However, 'contradictory procedure' is still used outside this context and we should bear in mind that people beyond our immediate circle will not understand it. In most cases, it is better to drop the legalese and rework the sentence in layman's terms.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: conradictory procedure</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="adversarial procedure">… to confirm the accuracy of the Court's observations, followed by a "<marker>contradictory procedure</marker>" on the final text of the audit report.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="adversarial procedure">The rights of the operators should be guaranteed through a <marker>contradictory procedure</marker> with its Flag State…</example>
<example>… to confirm the accuracy of the Court's observations, followed by a "<marker>adversarial procedure</marker>" on the final text of the audit report.</example>
<example>The rights of the operators should be guaranteed through a <marker>adversarial procedure</marker> with its Flag State…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="adversarial procedures">The paying agency held two <marker>contradictory procedures</marker> with the farmer.</example>
<example>The paying agency called the farmer in two times to discuss the matter.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_CONTROL" name="control (to control, a control)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" inflected="yes">control</token>
</pattern>
<message>To control does not usually mean 'to audit' 'check' or 'verify' and 'a control' is not normally 'a check' or 'an inspection'. Its most common meaning is 'to exercise authoritative or dominating influence over; direct'. Thus, if we say that 'the Commission controlled project X in the Member States', we do not mean that the Commission audited it, but that the Commission ran it. Used as a noun, we do not 'carry out' or 'perform' controls. Controls are more likely to be systems that are in place (passport controls, for example). Hence, we can say that the Court checked to see if the key controls were working, but not that it carried out controls. Furthermore, when talking about systems, the best term will often be 'safeguard'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">audit</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">check</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">verify</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">inspect</match></suggestion>, inspection,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">safeguard</match></suggestion>.
</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: control (to control, a control)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="audited|checked|verified|inspected|safeguarded">Fraud occurred because the system was not <marker>controlled</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="audit|check|verify|inspect|safeguard">Administrative checks must cover all elements that are possible to <marker>control</marker> by administrative means.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="audits|checks|verifies|inspects|safeguards">Apart from the annual review of the reference amount, customs authorities are not obliged to carry out <marker>controls</marker> after authorisation.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="auditing|checking|verifying|inspecting|safeguarding">When you are <marker>controlling</marker> the system…</example>
<example>Fraud occurred because the system was not <marker>audited</marker>.</example>
<example>Administrative checks must cover all elements that are possible to <marker>audit</marker> by administrative means.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">control</token>
</pattern>
<message>To control does not usually mean 'to audit' 'check' or 'verify' and 'a control' is not normally 'a check' or 'an inspection'. Its most common meaning is 'to exercise authoritative or dominating influence over; direct'. Thus, if we say that 'the Commission controlled project X in the Member States', we do not mean that the Commission audited it, but that the Commission ran it. Used as a noun, we do not 'carry out' or 'perform' controls. Controls are more likely to be systems that are in place (passport controls, for example). Hence, we can say that the Court checked to see if the key controls were working, but not that it carried out controls. Furthermore, when talking about systems, the best term will often be 'safeguard'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">audit</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">check</match></suggestion>,
verify, inspect,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">inspection</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">safeguard</match></suggestion>.
</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: control (to control, a control)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="audits|checks|inspections|safeguards">A number of <marker>controls</marker> are built into the system.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="audit|check|inspection|safeguard">This <marker>control</marker> is satisfactory.</example>
<example>A number of <marker>safeguards</marker> are built into the system.</example>
<example>This <marker>check</marker> is satisfactory.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_DEAN" name="dean"><!-- <match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NN|NNS)" postag_replace="$1"> causes problems. For NNP, suggestions include both singular and plural. But, if the token has a postag NN|NNS, the rule does not find Dean, because the disambiguator identifies it as NNP. Thus, use a rulegroup -->
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">dean|deans|Deans<exception postag="NNP"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>In British and Irish usage, a 'dean' is either a relatively senior priest or the head of a university faculty. At the Court of Auditors, on the other hand, it is the name given to the doyen or chair of the institution's audit chambers. 'Dean' is now the official title at the Court, but, in our dealings with the outside world, we should not be surprised if people think that we have our own in-house clergy. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NN|NNS)" postag_replace="$1">chair</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NN|NNS)" postag_replace="$1">chairwoman</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN|NN(S)" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">chairman</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NN|NNS)" postag_replace="$1">chairperson</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NN|NNS)" postag_replace="$1">doyen</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: dean</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="chairs|chairwomen|chairmen|chairpersons|doyens">Each of the <marker>deans</marker> must…</example>
<example>Each of the <marker>chairpersons</marker> must…</example>
<example>Tell <marker>Mr. Deans</marker> to go to reception.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="chair|chairwoman|chairman|chairperson|doyen">Elect one Member as a <marker>dean</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Chairs|Chairwomen|Chairmen|Chairpersons|Doyens">The <marker>Deans</marker> must…</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Dean</token>
</pattern>
<message>In British and Irish usage, a 'dean' is either a relatively senior priest or the head of a university faculty. At the Court of Auditors, on the other hand, it is the name given to the doyen or chair of the institution's audit chambers. 'Dean' is now the official title at the Court, but, in our dealings with the outside world, we should not be surprised if people think that we have our own in-house clergy. Alternatives: <suggestion>Chair</suggestion>,
<suggestion>Chairwoman</suggestion>,
<suggestion>Chairman</suggestion>,
<suggestion>Chairperson</suggestion>,
<suggestion>Doyen</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: dean</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Chair|Chairwoman|Chairman|Chairperson|Doyen">Each Chamber shall elect one Member as <marker>Dean</marker>.</example>
<example>Each Chamber shall elect one Member as a <marker>Chairperson</marker>.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Tell <marker>Mr. Dean</marker> to go to reception.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_DEBRIEFING" name="debriefing">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">debriefing</token>
</pattern>
<message>To debrief means 'to question (someone, typically a soldier or spy) about a completed mission or undertaking'. In the EU institutions, on the other hand, 'debriefing' is used to indicate 'a meeting for giving information or instructions'. This would be a <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">briefing</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: debriefing</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="briefing">Weekly <marker>debriefing</marker> meetings are necessary.</example>
<example>Weekly <marker>briefing</marker> meetings are necessary.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="briefings">We plan to organise other <marker>debriefings</marker> after the evaluation meeting.</example>
<example>We plan to organise other <marker>briefings</marker> after the evaluation meeting.</example>
<example>When you are <marker>debriefing</marker> your colleagues, …</example><!-- Out of scope -->
<example>When you are <marker>briefing</marker> your colleagues, …</example>
<example>Colleagues were <marker>debriefed</marker> about the situation.</example><!-- Out of scope -->
<example>Colleagues were <marker>briefed</marker> about the situation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_DECOMMIT" name="decommit/decommitment"><!-- To show a suggestion, 6 rules in a rulegroup are necessary (one rule for each inflection). -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">decommit|decommits|decommitted|decomitting|decommitment|decommitments</token>
</pattern>
<message>The Microsoft Word spell checker thinks that 'decommit' does not exist and the Oxford English, Oxford on-line, Merriam Webster and Macmillan dictionaries seem to agree. It follows that there is also no such thing as a 'decommitment'. Use: cancel.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: decommit</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The Commission shall <marker>decommit</marker> a portion of a budget commitment…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">This involves the re-entry of commitment appropriations concerning structural funds which have been <marker>decommitted</marker>.</example>
<example>The Commission shall <marker>cancel</marker> a portion of a budget commitment…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_DEEPEN" name="deepen">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">deepen</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Deepen' is a difficult word to use figuratively. In addition to its literal meaning (e.g. deepen a well), it can also be used to mean 'to increase', 'improve' or 'boost'. However, it cannot be used indiscriminately in this way and, in this meaning, can actually only be associated with a few abstract terms like 'knowledge' or 'understanding'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">improve</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">increase</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">bolster</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">boost</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">develop</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: deepen</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="improve|increase|bolster|boost|develop">Portugal shall <marker>deepen</marker> the use of shared services.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="improve|increase|bolster|boost|develop">The extension of SJU would enable stakeholders to… <marker>deepen</marker> strategic partnerships.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="improves|increases|bolsters|boosts|develops">This further <marker>deepens</marker> the internal market for defence and security.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="improving|increasing|bolstering|boosting|developing">The Commission intends <marker>deepening</marker> the dialogue with Turkey on visas.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="improved|increased|bolstered|boosted|developed">There is clear evidence that the partnership arrangements have <marker>deepened</marker> and widened.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_DEFINE_DEFINITION" name="define/definition">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">define</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, 'define' means 'to state the precise meaning of' (for example 'we have already defined the meaning of control'). It does not mean
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">establish</match></suggestion>',
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">set</match> out</suggestion>',
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">lay</match> down</suggestion>' or
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">illustrate</match></suggestion>'. Other alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">draft</match></suggestion>, establishment, drafting,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">design</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: define/definition</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="establish|set out|lay down|illustrate|draft|design">The main task is to <marker>define</marker> and carry out the annual implementation plan.</example>
<example>The main tasks is to <marker>establish</marker> and carry out the annual implementation plan.</example>
<example>The main tasks is to <marker>set out</marker> and carry out the annual implementation plan.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="establishes|sets out|lays down|illustrates|drafts|designs">When the team <marker>defines</marker> the annual implementation plan…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="established|set out|laid down|illustrated|drafted|designed">The team <marker>defined</marker> the annual implementation plan.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="establishing|setting out|laying down|illustrating|drafting|designing">When you are <marker>defining</marker> the annual implementation plan…</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">definition</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, 'define' means 'to state the precise meaning of' (for example 'we have already defined the meaning of control'). It does not mean 'establish', 'set out', 'lay down' or 'illustrate'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">draft</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="NN:UN">establishment</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="NN:U">drafting</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">design</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: define/definition</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="draft|establishment|drafting|design">The <marker>definition</marker> and implementation of all Union policies and activities…</example>
<example>The <marker>design</marker> and implementation of all Union policies and activities…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drafts|establishment|drafting|designs">The <marker>definitions</marker> all Union policies and activities…</example>
<example>The <marker>establishment</marker> all Union policies and activities…</example>
<example>During the <marker>drafting</marker> of these policies…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_DELAY" name="delay">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">delay</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Delay' is often used in the EU to mean 'deadline' or 'time limit'. In English, on the other hand, 'delay' always refers to something being late or taking longer than is necessary. You cannot, therefore comply with (or 'respect') a delay. Alternatives:
<suggestion>time <match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">limit</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">deadline</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>time allowed</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: delay</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="time limit|deadline|time allowed">In order to respect the <marker>delay</marker> for transmission, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="time limits|deadlines|time allowed">To respect the <marker>delays</marker> for transmission, …</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_DETACHED_DETACHMENT" name="detached/detachment">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>detached</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Detached' means 'separated', 'disconnected' or standing apart from others (as in 'detached house') or, in the case of a person, 'marked by an absence of (emotional) involvement'. A 'detached official' would therefore be one who worked in an objective manner (no doubt a laudable quality, but not what is usually meant). Alternatives: <suggestion>seconded</suggestion>, secondment.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: detached/detachment</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Seconded">External staff comprise Local Agents, Contract Agents, <marker>Detached</marker> National Experts and Young Experts.</example>
<example>External staff comprise Local Agents, Contract Agents, <marker>Seconded</marker> National Experts and Young Experts.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">detachment</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Detached' means 'separated', 'disconnected' or standing apart from others (as in 'detached house') or, in the case of a person, 'marked by an absence of (emotional) involvement'. A 'detached official' would therefore be one who worked in an objective manner (no doubt a laudable quality, but not what is usually meant). Alternatives: seconded, <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">secondment</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: detached/detachment</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="secondment">The officer responsible for <marker>detachment</marker> must…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="secondments">The <marker>detachments</marker> have a duration of 6 months.</example>
<example>The officer responsible for <marker>secondment</marker> must…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_DISPOSE_OF" name="dispose (of)">
<rule><!-- A separate rule is necessary, because 'haven' is MD and is thus a suggestion if <match no="1" postag="VB.*">have</match> is used. But, only 'have' is a correct suggestion. -->
<pattern>
<token>dispose</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>The most common meaning of 'dispose of' is 'to get rid of' or 'to throw away'; it never means 'to have', 'to possess' or 'to have in one's possession'. Alternatives:
<suggestion>have</suggestion>, <suggestion>possess</suggestion>, xyz is/are not available to [the Commission].</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: dispose (of)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="have|possess">… and may not <marker>dispose of</marker> independent information sources.</example>
<example>… and may not <marker>have</marker> independent information sources.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">dispose[sd]|disposing</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>The most common meaning of 'dispose of' is 'to get rid of' or 'to throw away'; it never means 'to have', 'to possess' or 'to have in one's possession'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">have</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">possess</match></suggestion>, xyz is/are not available to [the Commission].</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: dispose (of)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="has|possesses">… and <marker>disposes of</marker> independent information sources.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="had|possessed">… and <marker>disposed of</marker> independent information sources.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="having|possessing">… and <marker>disposing of</marker> independent information sources.</example>
<example>… and <marker>has</marker> independent information sources.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_DO" name="do">
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes" skip="-1">do</token>
<token>?</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">do<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="NNS?"/></token>
</marker>
<token><exception>not</exception><exception postag="PRP"/><exception>something</exception></token><!-- Exception 'something' prevents the Maven error. Refer to http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected] /msg05797.html. Not a problem, because 'do something' is better than 'perform something'. -->
</pattern>
<message>'To do' is a rather weak word: 'to perform' and 'to carry out' are often better. Using them also avoids the all too common confusion between 'to do' and 'to make'. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">perform</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">carry</match> out</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">undertake</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: do</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Perform|Carry out|Undertake"><marker>Do</marker> the statistical adjustments at national level.</example>
<example><marker>Perform</marker> the statistical adjustments at national level.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="performed|carried out|undertaken">The statistical adjustments <marker>done</marker> at national level…</example>
<example>The statistical adjustments <marker>performed</marker> at national level…</example>
<example><marker>Do</marker> not test this rule.</example>
<example><marker>Do</marker> you like chocolate?</example>
<example>The technician <marker>did</marker> not find the cause of the error.</example>
<example>The <marker>does</marker> and the other animals are very timid.</example>
<example>How many beds <marker>does</marker> the hospital have?</example>
<example><marker>Did</marker> the test give the expected result?</example>
<!-- <example type="incorrect" correction="perform|carry out|undertake">Can the technician <marker>do</marker> the tests?</example>-->
<example>Anatomy and geometry are fused in one, and each <marker>does</marker> something to the other.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">The wedding '<marker>do</marker>' was a great success.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_DOSSIER" name="dossier">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">dossier</token>
</pattern>
<message>A 'dossier' is a file. However, it is not a particularly common word and not one that readers will necessarily fully understand or even know how to pronounce. In EU texts, in addition to being overused, it is also employed metaphorically, where there is no actual file, to mean 'subject', 'issue' or 'question'. If you mean file, use
'<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1">file</match></suggestion>', otherwise
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">question</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">issue</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">matter</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">subject</match></suggestion> or even
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">procedure</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: dossier</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="file|question|issue|matter|subject|procedure">An amendment to the Treaty could give new momentum to this <marker>dossier</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="file|question|issue|matter|subject|procedure">Turkey engaged with Iran on the nuclear <marker>dossier</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="files|questions|issues|matters|subjects|procedures">The many <marker>dossiers</marker> and the complexity of the rules…</example>
<example>An amendment to the Treaty could give new momentum to this <marker>subject</marker>.</example>
<example>The many <marker>files</marker> and the complexity of the rules…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ELABORATE" name="elaborate">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">elaborate</token>
</pattern>
<message>To elaborate means 'to work out carefully or minutely' or 'to develop to perfection'. It does not mean to write something up. It is possible to elaborate a strategy, but not a document. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">draft</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">draw</match> up</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">prepare</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: elaborate</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drafted|drawn up|prepared">Refer to the information document <marker>elaborated</marker> by the Group of Experts.</example>
<example>Refer to the information document <marker>drafted</marker> by the Group of Experts.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ENSURE_TO" name="ensure (to)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">ensure</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>'To ensure' means 'to make sure or certain'. However, it is often used in the EU to mean 'to provide'. 'Ensure' should never be followed by 'to' and an indirect object. Alternatives: provide with, <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">guarantee</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: ensure (to)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="guarantee">In order to <marker>ensure to</marker> patients with rare diseases…</example>
<example>In order to <marker>guarantee</marker> patients with rare diseases…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ENTERPRISE" name="enterprise">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">enterprise</token>
</pattern>
<message>If you look up 'enterprise' on google images, you get pages and pages of space ships, a few aircraft carriers, a car rental firm and the odd reference to IT architecture. On the other hand, if you look up 'company', you get pages and pages of, well, companies. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">business</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NNS|NN:UN)" postag_replace="$1">company</match></suggestion> and, in some cases,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">firm</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: enterprise</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="business|company|firm">Persons starting their own <marker>enterprise</marker>, including self-employment.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="businesses|companies|firms">They enhance the entrepreneurial skills of those seeking to set up <marker>enterprises</marker>.</example>
<example>Persons starting their own <marker>business</marker>, including self-employment.</example>
<example>They enhance the entrepreneurial skills of those seeking to set up <marker>companies</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ESTABLISH" name="establish">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">establish<exception postag="JJ"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>'Establish' is often used in the EU to mean to 'draw up' or 'draft'. In English, it actually means to 'set up', 'found' or 'secure'. You can establish a company or criteria, but not a report. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">draw</match> up</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">draft</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">produce</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">prepare</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: establish</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="draw up|draft|produce|prepare">The Agency shall <marker>establish</marker> a final inspection report.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="draws up|drafts|produces|prepares">When the Agency <marker>establishes</marker> a final inspection report…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drew up|drafted|produced|prepared">The company <marker>established</marker> a final inspection report.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drawn up|drafted|produced|prepared">A final inspection report was <marker>established</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drawing up|drafting|producing|preparing">When the Agency is <marker>establishing</marker> a final inspection report…</example>
<example>The Agency shall <marker>draft</marker> a final inspection report.</example>
<example>The <marker>established</marker> principles of operation are…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_EVENTUAL_EVENTUALLY" name="eventual/eventually">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">eventual|eventually</token>
</pattern>
<message>Eventual means 'occurring at some unspecified time in the future', eventually means 'in the end'. However, in EU texts, these words are often used with a meaning akin to 'possible' and 'possibly'. Alternatives: <suggestion>possible</suggestion>, any, the possibility of.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: eventual/eventually</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="possible">They both opposed an <marker>eventual</marker> imposition of anti-dumping measures…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="possible">The results thus obtained will be taken into consideration by the Commission with regard to an <marker>eventual</marker> new request for derogation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_EVOLUTION" name="evolution">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">evolution</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'evolution' is both heavily overused and misused in our texts. Above all, it does not sit very well with the adjective 'negative' and a 'negative evolution' is something of an oxymoron. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S|:U)" postag_replace="NN$1(N)?">development</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:U" postag_replace="NN($1)">trend</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S|:U)" postag_replace="NN$1(N)?">change</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:U" postag_replace="NN($1)">downturn</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:U" postag_replace="NN($1)">upturn</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: evolution</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="development|trend|change|downturn|upturn">These costs lead to a negative <marker>evolution</marker> of exports.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="developments|trends|changes|downturns|upturns">Some <marker>evolutions</marker> can cause…</example>
<example>These costs lead to a <marker>downturn</marker> of exports.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_EXERCISE" name="exercise">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">exercise</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Exercise' is often used in EU documents to indicate a procedure or process of some sort or a period in which something is done. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">procedure</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: exercise</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="procedure">The promotion <marker>exercise</marker> is different in each institution.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="procedures">The promotion <marker>exercises</marker> are different in each institution.</example>
<example>The promotion <marker>procedure</marker> is different in each institution.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_EXPERTISES" name="expertises">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>expertises</token>
</pattern>
<message>Expertise is an uncountable noun meaning 'expert knowledge or skill in a given field' or 'expertness'. In EU documents, on the other hand, it is not only countable, but it is also used to mean 'an appraisal by an expert'. Alternatives: <suggestion>expertise</suggestion>(singular), <suggestion>expert advice</suggestion> or (expert) <suggestion>opinions</suggestion>, <suggestion>assessments</suggestion>, <suggestion>appraisals</suggestion> or <suggestion>evaluations</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: expertises</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="expertise|expert advice|opinions|assessments|appraisals|evaluations">… in order to optimise local human resources and <marker>expertises</marker> as greatest potential drivers of growth in the ORs.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">an|a|each</token>
<token>expertise</token>
</pattern>
<message>Expertise is an uncountable noun meaning 'expert knowledge or skill in a given field' or 'expertness'. In EU documents, on the other hand, it is not only countable, but it is also used to mean 'an appraisal by an expert'. Alternatives: <suggestion>expertise</suggestion>(singular), <suggestion>expert advice</suggestion> or (expert) <suggestion>opinion</suggestion>, <suggestion>assessment</suggestion>, <suggestion>appraisal</suggestion> or <suggestion>evaluation</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: expertises</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="expertise|expert advice|opinion|assessment|appraisal|evaluation">The authority had obtained <marker>an expertise</marker> on the question…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_EXTERNALISE_EXTERNALISATION" name="externalise (externalisation)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">externalise</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although 'externalisation' has become something of a buzzword in the UK public administration, it is a recent acquisition and has not yet reached the dictionaries or even Wikipedia, so readers may be unclear as to exactly what it means. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">outsource</match></suggestion>,
outsourcing,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">contract</match> out</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">send</match> out</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: externalise (externalisation)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="outsource|contract out|send out">… the decision to <marker>externalise</marker> should be taken on a consistent basis across the European Commission…</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">externalisation</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although 'externalisation' has become something of a buzzword in the UK public administration, it is a recent acquisition and has not yet reached the dictionaries or even Wikipedia, so readers may be unclear as to exactly what it means. Alternatives: outsource, <suggestion>outsourcing</suggestion>, contract out, send out.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: externalise (externalisation)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="outsourcing">This <marker>externalisation</marker> should be consistent across the European Commission.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="outsourcing">These <marker>externalisations</marker> should be consistent across the European Commission.</example>
<example>This <marker>outsourcing</marker> should be consistent across the European Commission.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_FICHE" name="fiche">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">fiche</token>
</pattern>
<message>Fiche is a useful word, but it is French. Its only use in English is to indicate the (somewhat outdated) microfiche. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">sheet</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">document</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">record</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">entry</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: fiche</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="sheet|document|record|entry">Where other information in the product information <marker>fiche</marker> is also provided, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="sheets|documents|records|entries">The product information <marker>fiches</marker> must, …</example>
<example>Where other information in the product information <marker>sheet</marker> is also provided, …</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_FINANCIAL_ENVELOPE" name="financial envelope">
<pattern>
<token>financial</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">envelope</token>
</pattern>
<message>This curious term is used to mean something like: 'the total budget available for something'. This term is often defended tooth and nail by people who should really know better simply because it is believed to be in one of the sacred texts. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(NN|NNS)" postag_replace="$1">budget</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>financial <match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN|NN(S)" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">allocation</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: financial envelope</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="budget|financial allocation">The overall <marker>financial envelope</marker> remains unchanged.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="budgets|financial allocations">These <marker>financial envelopes</marker> are not correct.</example>
<example>The overall <marker>budget</marker> remains unchanged.</example>
<example>The overall <marker>financial allocation</marker> remains unchanged.</example>
<example>Problems, both political and <marker>financial enveloped</marker> the nation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_FIX" name="fix">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" inflected="yes">fix</token>
</pattern>
<message>The main meanings of 'fix' are to repair and to attach. It can also, be used informally to mean 'establish' or 'set' if you are talking about a date, a time or a price. It should be avoided elsewhere in this meaning. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">establish</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">set</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">set</match> out</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: fix</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="established|set|set out">… under certain conditions <marker>fixed</marker> in the regulation (Article 145(7)), …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="establish|set|set out">The framework programme shall… <marker>fix</marker> the relevant priorities.</example>
<example>… under certain conditions <marker>established</marker> in the regulation (Article 145(7)), …</example>
<example>The framework programme shall… <marker>set</marker> the relevant priorities.</example>
<example>The <marker>set</marker> of data was satisfactory.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_FOLLOW_UP" name="follow up">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">follow</token>
<token>up</token>
</pattern>
<message>To follow up is a verb. Normally, to follow up means to pursue or investigate something further. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">monitor</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: follow up</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="monitor">Develop a mechanism to <marker>follow up</marker> the implementation of the recommendations.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="monitored">This must be <marker>followed up</marker> as soon as possible.</example>
<example>Develop a mechanism to <marker>monitor</marker> the implementation of the recommendations.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_FOLLOW-UP" name="follow-up (noun)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">follow-up</token>
</pattern>
<message>Follow-up (with a hyphen) is a noun. A 'follow-up' is something that is done in order to be certain that an earlier action was effective. Alternatives: <suggestion>monitoring</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: follow up</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="monitoring">This allows for an adequate <marker>follow-up</marker> of the sector.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="monitoring">This allows for <marker>follow-ups</marker> of the sector.</example>
<example>This allows for an adequate <marker>monitoring</marker> of the sector.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_FORESEE" name="foresee">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">foresee</token>
</pattern>
<message>People find it inexplicably difficult to use this word properly, so maybe the safest policy is to avoid it. Its basic meaning in English is 'to see something in advance' and therefore to 'predict' or 'expect'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">envisage</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">plan</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">lay</match> down in</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">set</match> out in</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">provide</match> for</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">contemplate</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">expect</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">predict</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: foresee</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="envisage|plan|lay down in|set out in|provide for|contemplate|expect|predict">The Fleet Adjustment Schemes <marker>foresee</marker> the scrapping of 367 vessels.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="envisaged|planned|laid down in|set out in|provided for|contemplated|expected|predicted">The Fleet Adjustment Schemes <marker>foresaw</marker> the scrapping of 367 vessels.</example>
<example>The Fleet Adjustment Schemes <marker>provide for</marker> the scrapping of 367 vessels.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_FORMULATE" name="formulate">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">formulate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Formulate is heavily over-used in our documents; it means 'to put into or express in systematic terms', 'to express in (or to express as if in) a formula' or 'to devise'. In our work, it is often overused with a meaning akin to 'draw up' or 'prepare'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">draft</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">draw</match> up</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">produce</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">prepare</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: formulate</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="draft|draw up|produce|prepare">… and one communication manager to <marker>formulate</marker> urgent safety communications.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drafting|drawing up|producing|preparing">When you are <marker>formulating</marker> the documentation, …</example>
<example>… and one communication manager to <marker>draft</marker> urgent safety communications.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FRAME" name="frame (in the frame of)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>frame</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>'In the frame of', meaning '<suggestion>in connection with</suggestion>', '<suggestion>in the context of</suggestion>' or '<suggestion>within the scope of</suggestion>' corresponds literally to an expression found in a number of other languages (Italian 'nel quadro di', German 'im Rahmen von', French 'dans le cadre de'). Unfortunately, this expression does not exist in English.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: frame (in the frame of)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="in connection with|in the context of|within the scope of">If the analysis is performed <marker>in the frame of</marker> a contamination incident, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="in connection with|in the context of|within the scope of">Food products would be chosen by Member State authorities <marker>in the frame of</marker> national food distribution programmes.</example>
<example>If the analysis is performed <marker>in connection with</marker> a contamination incident, …</example>
<example>If the analysis is performed <marker>in the context of</marker> a contamination incident, …</example>
<example>Food products would be chosen by Member State authorities <marker>under</marker> national food distribution programmes.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_GLOBAL" name="global">
<pattern>
<token>global</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, as in other languages, global can mean both 'worldwide' and 'overall', but sometimes it can be a little confusing in this second meaning. This became clear when an internal email was sent 'to everybody' announcing that there would be 'a global power cut'. Alternatives: <suggestion>general</suggestion> or <suggestion>overall</suggestion></message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: global</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="general|overall">Today at 14:30, there will be a <marker>global</marker> power cut.</example>
<example>Today at 14:30, there will be a <marker>general</marker> power cut.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_HEAVY" name="heavy">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">heavy</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Heavy' has a number of meanings, mostly to do with weight and thickness (heavy load, heavy fog). It cannot, however, be used to render the idea that a procedure or administration is excessively complicated, slow or difficult. As well as using 'heavy' itself, EUR Lex documents try to render this concept in a number of ways (cumbersome, burdensome, and even ponderous), but they rarely sound quite right. Alternatives: <suggestion>complicated</suggestion>, excessively or unnecessarily complex/slow, etc., often <suggestion>unwieldy</suggestion> (organisation, argument), or <suggestion>laborious</suggestion> (process, procedure).</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: heavy</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="complicated|unwieldy|laborious">The usual reason appears to be overly <marker>heavy</marker> administration.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="complicated|unwieldy|laborious">The <marker>heavier</marker> administrations are…</example>
<example>The usual reason appears to be overly <marker>complicated</marker> administration.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_HIERARCHICAL_SUPERIOR" name="hierarchical superior">
<pattern>
<token>hierarchical</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">superior</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, this term is used almost exclusively in the ecclesiastical context, and even 'hierarchy' and 'hierarchical' may be seen as difficult words by many readers. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="NNS?">manager</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>line <match no="2" postag="NNS?">manager</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="NNS?">boss</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>immediate <match no="2" postag="NNS?">superior</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">head</match> of <match no="2" postag="NNS?">unit</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="NNS?">director</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: hierarchical superior</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="manager|line manager|boss|immediate superior|head of unit|director">The applicant's <marker>hierarchical superior</marker> is usually…</example>
<!-- <example type="incorrect" correction="manager|line manager|boss|immediate superior|head of unit|director">The applicant's <marker>hierarchical superior</marker> must always…</example> Disambiguator incorrectly removes pos NN -->
<example type="incorrect" correction="managers|line managers|bosses|immediate superiors|heads of units|directors">Some <marker>hierarchical superiors</marker> have a…</example>
<example>The applicant's <marker>immmediate superior</marker> must always…</example>
<example>Some <marker>bosses</marker> have a…</example>
<example>The <marker>hierarchical superior</marker> tests, are as the name suggests, better than the regular tests.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_HOMOGENISE_HOMOGENEOUS_HOMOGENEOUSLY" name="homogenise/homogeneous/homogeneously">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">homogenise|homogenize</token>
</pattern>
<message>Homogenise is a rather unusual word in English (only two hits in the British National Corpus) and is most commonly used with reference to milk. 'Homogeneous' and 'homogeneously' are much more common, but they are more often found in the sciences and social sciences, and are over-used in our texts. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">standardise</match></suggestion>, uniform.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: homogenise/homogeneous/homogeneously</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="standardise">Member States can work together towards shared goals without seeking to <marker>homogenize</marker> their inherited policy regimes.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="standardised">The <marker>homogenised</marker> texts are satisfactory.</example>
<example>Member States can work together towards shared goals without seeking to <marker>standardise</marker> their inherited policy regimes.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>homogeneous</token>
</pattern>
<message>Homogenise is a rather unusual word in English (only two hits in the British National Corpus) and is most commonly used with reference to milk. 'Homogeneous' and 'homogeneously' are much more common, but they are more often found in the sciences and social sciences, and are over-used in our texts. Alternatives: standardise, <suggestion>uniform</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: homogenise/homogeneous/homogeneously</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Uniform"><marker>Homogeneous</marker> policy regimes are not necessary.</example>
<example><marker>Uniform</marker> policy regimes are not necessary.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>homogeneously</token>
</pattern>
<message>Homogenise is a rather unusual word in English (only two hits in the British National Corpus) and is most commonly used with reference to milk. 'Homogeneous' and 'homogeneously' are much more common, but they are more often found in the sciences and social sciences, and are over-used in our texts. Alternatives: standardise, <suggestion>uniformly</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: homogenise/homogeneous/homogeneously</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Uniformly"><marker>Homogeneously</marker> developed policy regimes are not necessary.</example>
<example><marker>Uniformly</marker> developed policy regimes are not necessary.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_IMPORTANT" name="important">
<pattern>
<token>important</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Important' is often wrongly used to mean 'big' ('the most important power station in France'); it actually means: 'strongly affecting the course of events or the nature of things' or 'having or suggesting a consciousness of high position or authority'. Alternatives: <suggestion>large</suggestion>, <suggestion>significant</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: important</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="large|significant">… and explain the reasons for which an <marker>important</marker> amount is still to be implemented.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_INCITE" name="incite">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">incite</token>
</pattern>
<message>To incite means to 'encourage or stir up (violent or unlawful behaviour)' or to 'urge or persuade (someone) to act in a violent or unlawful way'. You cannot therefore incite someone to buy a car, use organic farming techniques or comply with a regulation. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">encourage</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: incite</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="encourage">Such activities shall not <marker>incite</marker> consumers to buy a product.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="encourage">… the charging infrastructure needs to initially develop with a sufficient density to <marker>incite</marker> consumers to use such vehicles…</example>
<example>Such activities shall not <marker>encourage</marker> consumers to buy a product.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_INFORM_TO" name="inform (to)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">inform|informs|informing</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">a|an|the|all|each</exception></token><!-- Not all determiners, thus not DT -->
</pattern>
<message>'To inform' requires a direct object (inform the public/us/them etc.) and cannot be used without one except in passive sentences ('we were informed of something', for example). In some cases you can add the relevant object ('a number of Member States informed the Commission…'), otherwise, Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">announce</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">declare</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">state</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: inform (to)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="announce|declare|state">If Member States <marker>inform</marker> that they…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="announces|declares|states">If a Member State <marker>informs</marker> that they…</example>
<example>If Member States <marker>announce that</marker> they…</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception inflected="yes">be</exception></token><!-- Passive -->
<marker>
<token>informed</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>'To inform' requires a direct object (inform the public/us/them etc.) and cannot be used without one except in passive sentences ('we were informed of something', for example). In some cases you can add the relevant object ('a number of Member States informed the Commission…'), otherwise, Alternatives: <suggestion>announced</suggestion>, <suggestion>declared</suggestion>, <suggestion>stated</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: inform (to)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="announced|declared|stated">A number of Member States <marker>informed</marker> that they…</example>
<example>Member States <marker>were informed</marker> that they can…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_INFORMATICS_TELEMATICS" name="informatics/Telematics">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">informatics|telematics</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although the term exists in English, it is not widely understood. Alternatives: <suggestion>IT</suggestion>, <suggestion>ICT</suggestion>, or sometimes <suggestion>computer</suggestion>, <suggestion>computerised</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: informatics/Telematics</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="IT|ICT|computer|computerised">Professional experience in <marker>informatics</marker> related to data base management…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="IT|ICT|computer|computerised">Professional experience in <marker>informatics</marker> systems related to data base management…</example>
<example>Professional experience in <marker>IT</marker> related to data base management…</example>
<example>Professional experience in <marker>computer</marker> systems related to data base management…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_INSIDE" name="inside">
<pattern>
<token>inside</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Inside' is often used in EU documents instead of 'within' or 'in' or even 'at' or 'by'. Alternatives: <suggestion>within</suggestion>, or the appropriate preposition: <suggestion>at</suggestion>, <suggestion>by</suggestion>, <suggestion>in</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: inside</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="within|at|by|in">Evidence-based policy making <marker>inside</marker> the Commission…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_INSTANCE" name="instance">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">instance</token>
</pattern>
<message>In EU texts, the word instance is often used to mean a decision-making body or authority. This meaning does not exist in English. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">authority</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">body</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: instance</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="authority|body">… for tasks undertaken by another <marker>instance</marker> on behalf of the said authorities.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="authorities|bodies">… that cannot be given to other <marker>instances</marker> is probably unavoidable.</example>
<example>… for tasks undertaken by another <marker>authority</marker> on behalf of the said authorities.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">When you <marker>instance</marker> the problems…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_INTERVENTION" name="intervention">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">intervention</token>
</pattern>
<message>In international relations, the normal meaning of 'intervention' is 'interference by a state in another's affairs'. In EU parlance, it is just the term normally used to designate EU-funded operations in the member countries and elsewhere. In normal English usage, 'intervention' is often uncountable, leading to unwanted grammatical problems. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S|:UN)" postag_replace="NN$1">activity</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S|:UN)" postag_replace="NN$1">project</match></suggestion>, EU-funded activity.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: intervention</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="activity|project">… become a means of making the EU <marker>intervention</marker> truly complementary.</example>
<!--Semantic, correct use --><example type="triggers_error">The North of Kosovo: <marker>interventions</marker> have been very limited and there has been almost no progress in establishing the rule of law.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="activities|projects">… should become a means of making the financial <marker>interventions</marker> truly complementary.</example>
<example>… become a means of making the EU <marker>project</marker> truly complementary.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_INTRODUCE" name="introduce">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">introduce</token>
</pattern>
<message>Introduce normally means to 'present someone' or 'bring something in', whereas it is often used in our work to mean to 'submit' (as in submit an application or a report). Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">submit</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">put</match></suggestion>/
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">send</match></suggestion> (an application/request/demand) in.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: introduce</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="submits|puts|sends">When a State <marker>introduces</marker> a demand to be granted funding…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="submit|put|send">The importer can <marker>introduce</marker> an application for a refund.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="submit|put|send">… a candidate environmental verifier shall <marker>introduce</marker> a request with the Accreditation or Licensing Body…</example>
<example>When a State <marker>sends</marker> a demand to be granted funding…</example>
<example>The importer can <marker>apply</marker> for a refund.</example>
<example>… a candidate environmental verifier shall <marker>submit</marker> a request with the Accreditation or Licensing Body…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_JURY" name="jury">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">jury</token>
</pattern>
<message>A 'jury' is 'a group of, usually twelve, people sworn to deliver a true verdict according to the evidence upon a case presented in a court of law'. The term is also sometimes used in talent shows. In English, it is never used in the context of recruitment. Alternatives:
<suggestion>selection <match no="1" postag="NNS?">board</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>selection <match no="1" postag="NNS?">panel</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: jury</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="selection board|selection panel">The <marker>jury</marker> invited the applicants for interview.</example>
<example>The <marker>selection panel</marker> invited the applicants for interview.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_JUSTIFY_JUSTIFICATION" name="justify/justification">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">justify</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, to justify means 'to demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid' or 'to show to be reasonable'. In EU texts, we often find it used just to mean 'to explain' or 'provide evidence for'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">substantiate</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">provide</match> evidence for</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">explain</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: justify</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="substantiate|provide evidence for|explain">The French Government did not <marker>justify</marker> the…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="substantiating|providing evidence for|explaining">When you are <marker>justifying</marker> the…</example>
<example>The French Government did not <marker>explain</marker> the…</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">justification</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, 'justification' is 'the act of justifying' or 'something that justifies'. In EU texts, we often find it used just to mean 'to explain' or 'provide evidence for'. Alternatives:
<suggestion>evidence</suggestion>, <!-- Not used in the plural. -->
<suggestion>supporting <match no="2" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">document</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">proof</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">explanation</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: justification</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="evidence|supporting document|proof|explanation">The Government was unable to provide any <marker>justification</marker>, and the Commission could find none…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="evidence|supporting documents|proofs|explanations">These <marker>justifications</marker> are not satisfactory.</example>
<example>The Government was unable to provide any <marker>explanation</marker>, and the Commission could find none…</example>
<example>These <marker>supporting documents</marker> are not satisfactory.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_LEGISLATOR" name="legislator">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">legislator</token>
</pattern>
<message>In EU English, a 'legislator' is a body, or, in the case of the EU, two bodies together ('the European legislator' = the Council and the Parliament). In regular English, a legislator is a person. Therefore, the word 'legislator' should be used to refer to a single MEP, not, for example, to the whole Parliament. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">legislature</match></suggestion>(= 'a body of persons having the power to legislate'),
<suggestion>legislative <match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)?" postag_replace="NN$1(:UN)?">body</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>the Council and Parliament</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: legislator</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="legislature|legislative body|the Council and Parliament">… while respecting the prerogatives of the two branches of <marker>legislator</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="legislatures|legislative bodies|the Council and Parliament">Members of the two <marker>legislators</marker> must…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="legislature|legislative body|the Council and Parliament">… more time is needed to allow reaching an agreement at the level of the European <marker>legislator</marker>, …</example>
<example>… while respecting the prerogatives of the two branches of <marker>legislature</marker>.</example>
<example>Members of the two <marker>legislatures</marker> must…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_MISSION" name="mission">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">mission</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Mission' has a number of meanings, none of which corresponds to the way it is most commonly used in EU texts. Generally speaking, missions, in English, are performed by secret agents, astronauts or diplomats. Otherwise they can be the places where priests, nuns, diplomats etc. work abroad (often in developing countries). While it would be difficult to do without the word internally, we should bear in mind that it is likely to be misconstrued by outsiders. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">audit</match></suggestion>/
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">visit</match></suggestion> (at the Court of Auditors), sometimes
<suggestion>official <match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">trip</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion>official business</suggestion> or just
<suggestion>business</suggestion> or
<suggestion>work</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: mission</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="audit|visit|official trip|official business|business|work">Last week I was in Rome on a <marker>mission</marker>.</example>
<example>Last week I was in Rome for an <marker>audit</marker>.</example>
<example>I was in Rome on <marker>business</marker>.</example>
<example>I was in Rome for <marker>work</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="audits|visits|official trips|official business|business|work">With regard to the management of travel orders, the <marker>missions</marker> office… has systematically coordinated the reservation of plane tickets…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_MODALITY" name="modality">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">modality</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Modality' is one of those words which people (a) swear is correct and (b) say they have to use because the Commission does so (the example below is a case in point). The trouble is that it is not English – at least not in the meaning applied in our texts. EUR Lex contains over two thousand cases in which it is used to mean 'procedure', but this does not make it mean 'procedure'. In English, it is a rare and quite specialised word (only 50 or so hits in the British National Corpus), whose main meanings relate to grammar, philosophy, medicine and physiology. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">procedure</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">method</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">mode</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: modality</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="procedures|methods|modes">Evaluation <marker>modalities</marker> have changed over recent years.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="procedure|method|mode">The evaluation <marker>modality</marker> has changed over recent years.</example>
<example>Evaluation <marker>procedures</marker> have changed over recent years.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_MODIFY_MODIFICATION" name="modify/modification">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">modify</token>
</pattern>
<message>Modify is fine. It is just over-used. So when referring to changes to legislation, prefer
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">amend</match></suggestion>. In other contexts, the word
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">change</match></suggestion> is a more common alternative.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: modify</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="amend|change">The Commission… undertook to make proposals to <marker>modify</marker> the regulation.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="amending|changing">When you are <marker>modifying</marker> a document…</example>
<example>The Commission… undertook to make proposals to <marker>amend</marker> the regulation.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">modification</token>
</pattern>
<message>Modification is fine. It is just over-used. So when referring to changes to legislation, prefer
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">amendment</match></suggestion>. In other contexts, the word
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">change</match></suggestion> is a more common alternative.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: modification</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="amendment|change">The <marker>modification</marker> to the regulations…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Amendments|Changes"><marker>Modifications</marker> to the documents must…</example>
<example>The <marker>ammendment</marker> to the regulations…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_MODULATION" name="modulation">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">modulation</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, 'modulation' is only normally used in the fields of music and grammar and with regard to wave frequencies. In EU documents, it is used to mean reduction and, in the jargon of the common agricultural policy, refers specifically to a 'system of progressive reduction of direct payments allowing a transfer of funds from Pillar 1… to Pillar 2'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">adjustment</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">reduction</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">increase</match></suggestion>. With reference to the common agricultural policy, if you use 'modulation', it must be explained.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: modulation</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="adjustments|reductions|increases">The voluntary <marker>modulations</marker> should take the form of…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="adjustment|reduction|increase">Regulation (EC) No 73/2009 established a system of compulsory, progressive reduction of direct payments ("<marker>modulation</marker>").</example>
<example>The voluntary <marker>adjustments</marker> should take the form of…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_NAME" name="name">
<pattern>
<token><exception regexp="yes">given|family</exception></token>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">name</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>In EU texts, the word 'name' is often used to refer exclusively to a person's surname, so we are asked to supply someone's 'name and first name'. In English, a person's 'name' is his/her whole name. The 'first name' should come first and the 'last name' last. Documents and forms in English should unambiguously specify which name is which, e.g. by using the neutral terms
<suggestion>given <match no="2"/></suggestion> and
<suggestion>family <match no="2"/></suggestion>. In running text (as opposed to forms or tables), the normal order should be retained.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: name</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="given name|family name">CardHolderName is the <marker>name</marker> and given name(s) of the holder of the Control Card.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Given Name|Family Name">Title, <marker>Name</marker> and surname, Position in the applicant organisation.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="given names|family names">Write the person's first <marker>names</marker> and surname.</example>
<example>You must <marker>name</marker> the person who…</example>
<example type="triggers_error">When you <marker>name</marker> the person who must…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_NORMALLY" name="normally">
<pattern>
<token>normally</token>
</pattern>
<message>Normally means 'as a rule', 'usually', 'ordinarily' or 'in a normal manner' (e.g. 'act normally!'). In EU usage, it often expresses something that should happen. Use: 'supposed to', 'should', 'expected to'.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: normally</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction=""><marker>Normally</marker>, she will come at 8 o'clock'.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">Are you free this weekend?' 'Yes, <marker>normally</marker>.' (= 'I should be.').</example>
<example>She <marker>should</marker> be here at 8 o'clock.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_NOTE" name="note">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">note</token>
</pattern>
<message>In our administration, the word 'note' (dictionary definition = 'a brief letter, usually of an informal nature') seems to have invaded the semantic fields of both 'memo' ('a written communication, as in a business office') and 'letter' (many of our 'notes' are anything but brief, and none of them are informal). Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">memo</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">letter</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: note</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="memo|letter">An information <marker>note</marker> from Vice-President Kallas and the President, … was adopted in 2008.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="memos|letters">The <marker>notes</marker> were posted last week.</example>
<example>An information <marker>letter</marker> from Vice-President Kallas and the President, … was adopted in 2008.</example>
<example>When you <marker>note</marker> the time of the test…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_NOTIFY_TO" name="notify to">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">notify</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>We normally notify somebody of something, we do not usually notify something to someone. If you notify something to someone, you report it, formally, usually to some sort of authority. If you notify somebody of something, you inform them of it. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">send</match></suggestion>, provide… with, inform or notify somebody of something, report something to somebody.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: notify to</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="send">Member States shall <marker>notify to</marker> the Commission the name, the address, ….</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="sent">Contracting entities <marker>notified to</marker> the Commission the following information…</example>
<example>Member States shall <marker>tell</marker> the Commission the name, the address, ….</example>
<example>Contracting entities shall <marker>send</marker> the Commission the following information…</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Barely one third of school absences were <marker>notified to</marker> social services department'.</example>
<example>Residents were <marker>notified of</marker> the scheme late last week</example>
</rule>
<!-- Refer to http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected] /msg05805.html
<rule id="EUPUB_OF" name="of">
Add antipatterns for: "EUPUB_FRAME" name="frame (in the frame of)"; "EUPUB_PROJECT" name="project (of)".
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">chief|head</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">department|staff|unit</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>of<exception scope="previous" inflected="yes">dispose</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Many of our authors use 'of' as an all-purpose preposition in the place of '<suggestion>from</suggestion>', '<suggestion>by</suggestion>', '<suggestion>in</suggestion>', '<suggestion>on</suggestion>', '<suggestion>at</suggestion>' etc., Moreover, phrases with 'of' are often used instead of possessive '-s' constructions or noun-noun compounds. This can lead to ambiguity even where it is not grammatically wrong; for example, in the phrase 'the system of control of the Commission', is the Commission being controlled (audited?) or is it doing the controlling?</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: of</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="from|by|in|on|at">Previous reports <marker>of</marker> the Court…</example>
<example>Previous reports <marker>by</marker> the Court…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="from|by|in|on|at">Communication <marker>of</marker> the Commission…</example>
<example>Communication <marker>from</marker> the Commission…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="from|by|in|on|at">EC reports <marker>of</marker> the projects…</example>
<example>EC reports <marker>on</marker> the projects…</example>
<example><marker>Dispose of</marker> the waste.</example> - Refer to DISPOSE_OF -
<example>When you are <marker>disposing of</marker> the waste, wear protective clothing.</example>
<example>Each <marker>head of department</marker> must…</example>
<example>All <marker>chiefs of units</marker> must…</example>
</rule>
-->
<rule id="EUPUB_OPERATOR" name="operator/economic operator">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">operator</token>
</pattern>
<message>EUR Lex has 1,057 hits for 'economic operator'. Although the term is not used in English in this way, I take it that these are simply companies or businesses. Similarly, on its own, the term 'operator' is used to cover a wide range of activities – in customs, it can mean 'importer' or 'exporter' or possibly 'shipping company': in agriculture, it can refer to farmers or people who market or process their produce etc. It would be clearer to call things by their own name – business if you mean business, farmer if you mean farmer, importer if you mean importer etc.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: operator/economic operator</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… a serious risk caused by an economic <marker>operator</marker> to the proper and secure functioning of the Single Market.</example>
<example>… a serious risk caused by an <marker>importer</marker> to the proper and secure functioning of the Single Market.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_OPPORTUNITY" name="opportunity">
<pattern>
<token>opportunity</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Opportunity' does not mean 'the character of that which is opportune' (I am translating verbatim from a French dictionary). The English dictionary definition of opportunity is 'a favourable or advantageous circumstance or occasion or time' (as in 'I take the opportunity to wish you a merry Christmas.'). Alternatives: <suggestion>advisability</suggestion>, whether it was advisable to, whether it would be opportune to.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: opportunity</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="advisability">The Court questioned the <marker>opportunity</marker> of introducing these measures.</example>
<example>The Court questioned the <marker>advisability</marker> of introducing these measures.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_ORIENTATIONS" name="orientations">
<pattern>
<token>orientations</token>
</pattern>
<message>EU 'orientations' are guidelines. Orientation, in English, is uncountable and means 'the act of determining one's bearings or settling one's sense of direction'. Alternatives: <suggestion>guidelines</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: orientations</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="guidelines">It will include policy <marker>orientations</marker> in all these areas.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="guidelines">The Commission, EEAS and the MS will hold a dialogue on strategic <marker>orientations</marker>, general guidelines with beneficiary countries and relevant regional organisations.</example>
<example>It will include policy <marker>guidelines</marker> in all these areas.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_PERSPECTIVE" name="perspective">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">perspective</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'perspective' is often used correctly in EU texts to mean 'point of view' (e.g. 'from a research perspective'). However, it is also used incorrectly to mean 'expectation for the future' (as in 'financial perspectives'). Alternatives:
<suggestion>outlook</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">prospect</match></suggestion> (usually in the plural).</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: perspective</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="outlook|prospect">The Foundation enjoys a more stable <marker>perspective</marker> in 2010.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="outlook|prospect">… thereby demonstrating the EU commitment to the country's EU <marker>perspective</marker>.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="outlook|prospects">The Foundation enjoys a stable <marker>perspectives</marker>.</example>
<example>The Foundation enjoys a more stable <marker>prospect</marker> in 2010.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_PLANIFICATION" name="planification">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">planifications?</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Planification' does not exist in English, but it comes up quite regularly. Alternatives: <suggestion>planning</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: planification</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="planning">Simplified procedures and better <marker>planification</marker> should make it possible to…</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_PRECISE_TO_PRECISION" name="precise (to)/precision">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>to</token>
<token inflected="yes">precise</token>
</pattern>
<message>There is no verb 'to precise' in English. 'Precise' is an adjective. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1"/> specify</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: precise (to)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="to specify">… there is a need <marker>to precise</marker> the objectives of the CFP.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="To specify"><marker>To precise</marker> which period before confinement is meant, … </example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">precision</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Precision' is uncountable and means 'the quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate'. In EU publications, on the other hand, it is used countably (plural – 'precisions') and means something like <suggestion>detail</suggestion>, <suggestion>specification</suggestion>, <suggestion>clarification</suggestion>, <suggestion>explanation</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: precision</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="detail|specification|clarification|explanation">Without further <marker>precisions</marker>, this could lead to…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="detail|specification|clarification|explanation">Without a further <marker>precision</marker> of the situation…</example>
<example>Without further <marker>specification</marker>, this could lead to…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_PRESCRIPTION" name="prescription">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">prescription</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although the legal term 'prescription', meaning 'the limitation of time beyond which an action, debt, or crime is no longer valid or enforceable' is commonly used in Scottish law, the State of Louisiana and possibly Quebec, it is little known with this meaning in the rest of the English-speaking world. It is a convenient term, but unfortunately not one that most English speakers would understand. Generally speaking, <suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">limitation</match></suggestion>. A 'statute of limitations' is said to apply: we can say, for example that there is a 'three-year statute of limitations', 'three-year limitation of action', 'three-year time-bar' or 'three-year limitation period'; if it is too late to pursue an action, we can say that 'the statute of limitations has run out'; if a debt can no longer be collected, we can talk of a 'time-barred' claim or offence. The terms 'stale claim' and 'stale offence' are rather nice, but less well-known.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: prescription</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="limitation">A uniform method for calculating the <marker>prescription</marker> is used, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="limitations">Interruption of <marker>prescriptions</marker> or limitation periods provided for under the law…</example>
<example>A uniform method for calculating the <marker>limitation</marker> is used, …</example>
<example>… the party who has seised (sic) the court in the Member State shall not lose the benefit of interruption of <marker>limitation</marker> periods provided for under the law of that Member State.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_PROJECT" name="project (of)">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">project</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>We sometimes find 'project (of)' used with the meaning of 'draft'. It is more common in working documents than in published reports, but some cases filter through into the Official Journal. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN(S)|NN:UN" postag_replace="NN$1">draft</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: project (of)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="draft">… and more consistent with the wording of the <marker>project of</marker> Regulation on placing on the market.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="drafts">… and more consistent with the wording of the <marker>projects of</marker> Regulation on placing on the market.</example>
<example>… and more consistent with the wording of the <marker>draft</marker> Regulation on placing on the market.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_PROVIDE_TO" name="provide to">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">provide</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You provide someone with something, you do not provide something to someone.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: provide to</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">It is also part of ERA's effort to provide <marker>to</marker> its stakeholders a…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… the Commission presented a proposal to provide <marker>to</marker> the Kyrgyz Republic MFA…</example>
<example>It is also part of ERA's effort to provide its stakeholders <marker>with</marker> a…</example>
<example>… the Commission presented a proposal to provide the Kyrgyz Republic MFA <marker>with</marker>…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_PUNCTUAL" name="punctual">
<pattern>
<token>punctual</token>
</pattern>
<message>Punctual means 'acting or arriving exactly at the time appointed'. Alternatives: <suggestion>one-off</suggestion>, <suggestion>occasional</suggestion>, <suggestion>individual</suggestion>, <suggestion>ad hoc</suggestion>, <suggestion>periodic</suggestion>, <suggestion>regular</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: punctual</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="one-off|occasional|individual|ad hoc|periodic|regular">… through regular meetings of the Standing Committee, and <marker>punctual</marker> expert groups meetings where appropriate.</example>
<example>… through regular meetings of the Standing Committee, and <marker>occasional</marker> expert groups meetings where appropriate.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_REASONABILITY" name="reasonability">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">reasonability</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Reasonability' may occur in some dictionaries, but like a number of other words in -ability and -ableness, it is very marginal and stylistically awkward. Use: 'reasonable', 'available'.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: reasonability</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The <marker>reasonability</marker> of the rates was discussed.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The <marker>reasonabilities</marker> of the rates was discussed.</example>
<example>They discussed whether the rates were <marker>reasonable</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_REFLECTION_GROUP_FORUM" name="reflection group/reflection forum"><!-- "The reflection groups must..." has a disambigation error: VBZNNS_DT_NNS[1]: groups[group/NNS,group/VBZ,E-NP-plural] -> groups[group/VBZ,E-NP-plural]. Thus, cannot use postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*". Thus, must use a rulegroup to get the correct suggestions. -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>reflection</token>
<token regexp="yes">group|forum</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, reflection is an internal process that takes place within the individual (e.g. 'I have reflected long and hard on this problem.') and does not necessarily involve any discussion. Alternatives:
<suggestion>discussion</suggestion>,
<suggestion>think tank</suggestion>,
<suggestion>forum</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: reflection group/reflection forum</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Discussion|Think tank|Forum">The Commission's <marker>Reflection Forum</marker> on Multilingualism and Interpreter Training…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="discussion|think tank|forum">The <marker>reflection group</marker> must always…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="discussion|think tank|forum">The <marker>reflection forum</marker> was…</example>
<example>The Commission's <marker>Forum</marker> on Multilingualism and Interpreter Training…</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>reflection</token>
<token regexp="yes">groups|forums|fora</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, reflection is an internal process that takes place within the individual (e.g. 'I have reflected long and hard on this problem.') and does not necessarily involve any discussion. Alternatives:
<suggestion>discussions</suggestion>,
<suggestion>think tanks</suggestion>,
<suggestion>forums</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: reflection group/reflection forum</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Discussions|Think tanks|Forums">The Commission's <marker>Reflection Forums</marker> on Multilingualism and Interpreter Training…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="discussions|think tanks|forums">The <marker>reflection groups</marker> must always…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="discussions|think tanks|forums">The <marker>reflection fora</marker> were…</example>
<example>The Commission's <marker>Forums</marker> on Multilingualism and Interpreter Training…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_REINFORCE" name="reinforce">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">reinforce</token>
</pattern>
<message>Normally, the verb 'reinforce' is most commonly used in the engineering or military contexts, but it is often misused in EU texts to mean 'improve' or 'increase'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">improve</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">bolster</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">consolidate</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">increase</match></suggestion>, or, if negative,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">worsen</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">exacerbate</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: reinforce</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="improve|bolster|consolidate|increase|worsen|exacerbate">…will seek to <marker>reinforce</marker> the coordination of risk management.</example>
<example>…will seek to <marker>consolidate</marker> the coordination of risk management.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_REQUEST" name="request">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" inflected="yes">request</token>
</pattern>
<message>There seems to be a widespread instinct that 'ask' is not a sufficiently respectable word and needs to be replaced by something of Latin origin (usually 'request'). Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">ask</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: request</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="asked">The Court of Justice was <marker>requested</marker> for a preliminary ruling.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="ask">One of the conditions allowing a Member State to <marker>request</marker> for an "additional authorisation" procedure is…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="ask">One of the conditions allowing a Member State to <marker>request</marker> an "additional authorisation" procedure is…</example>
<example>The Court of Justice was <marker>asked</marker> for a preliminary ruling.</example>
<example>If the <marker>request</marker> is approved, …</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_RESPECT" name="respect (to respect/respect)">
<antipattern>
<token>with</token>
<token>respect</token>
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" inflected="yes">respect</token>
</pattern>
<message>The most common meaning of the verb 'to respect' is 'to show deferential regard for'. It can also mean 'to avoid violation of' (rules, for example), but with this meaning it is over-used in EU texts and often in a grammatically awkward manner. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">comply</match> with</suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">adhere</match> to</suggestion>, meet (a deadline), compliance with.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: respect (to respect/respect)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="comply with|adhere to">… and all people <marker>respect</marker> the law.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="complied with|adhered to">If the regulations are not <marker>respected</marker>, the…</example>
<example>… and all people <marker>comply with</marker> the law.</example>
<example>… laws which ensure the <marker>respect</marker> of property rights and…</example>
<example>… and <marker>with respect to</marker> this problem, …</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">respect</token>
</pattern>
<message>The most common meaning of the verb 'to respect' is 'to show deferential regard for'. It can also mean 'to avoid violation of' (rules, for example), but with this meaning it is over-used in EU texts and often in a grammatically awkward manner. Alternatives: comply with, adhere to, meet (a deadline), compliance with.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: respect (to respect/respect)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… laws which ensure the <marker>respect</marker> of property rights and…</example>
<!-- Semantic, correct --><example type="triggers_error">… laws which ensure <marker>respect</marker> for property rights and…</example>
<example>… and <marker>with respect to</marker> this problem, …</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_RESPONSIBLE" name="responsible (person)">
<pattern>
<token>responsible</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>The adjective 'responsible' means different things depending on whether it is placed before or after the noun. In EU texts we often talk about 'responsible officials' and 'responsible bodies' (meaning officials or bodies that are responsible for something), when, in English, we would say the officials or bodies responsible. Alternatives: <suggestion>\2 \1</suggestion></message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: responsible</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="official responsible">The <marker>responsible official</marker> should monitor this experiment.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="person responsible">A <marker>responsible person</marker> should be appointed by the management.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_RETAIN" name="retain">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">retain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Retain means 'keep', unless you are talking about lawyers, in which case it means 'hire'. In EU texts, it is often used to mean 'adopt' or 'choose'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">select</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">choose</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">adopt</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">accept</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: retain</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="select|choose|adopt|accept">If the social partners do not <marker>retain</marker> the hypothesis…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="selected|chosen|adopted|accepted">As this hypothesis was not <marker>retained</marker> by the social partners, the conclusion will differ.</example>
<example>If the social partners do not <marker>accept</marker> the hypothesis…</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_SEMESTER_TRIMESTER" name="semester/trimester">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">semester</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, 'semester' refers to a term in an academic institution where the academic year is divided into two terms. This is rare in the UK and Ireland, where the academic year is usually divided into three terms. 'Semester' is rarely used for periods of six months in other contexts. Alternatives:
<suggestion>half</suggestion>,
<suggestion>six months</suggestion>,
<suggestion>six-month <match no="1" postag="NN.*">period</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: semester</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="half|six months|six-month period">… will submit a proposal during the first <marker>semester</marker> of 2011.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="half|six months|six-month periods">The course duration is three <marker>semesters</marker>.</example>
<example>… will submit a proposal during the first <marker>half</marker> of 2011.</example>
<example>… will submit a proposal during the first <marker>six months</marker> of 2011.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">trimester</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English, 'trimester' is used in medicine to refer to any of the three periods of approximately three months into which pregnancy is divided. It is rarely used to refer to three-month periods in other contexts. Alternatives:
<suggestion>quarter</suggestion>,
<suggestion>three months</suggestion>,
<suggestion>three-month <match no="1" postag="NN.*">period</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: trimester</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="quarter|three months|three-month period">… were given during 2011 and in the first <marker>trimester</marker> of 2012.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="quarter|three months|three-month periods">The course duration is four <marker>trimesters</marker>.</example>
<example>… were given during 2011 and in the first <marker>quarter</marker> of 2012.</example>
<example>… were given during 2011 and in the first <marker>three months</marker> of 2012.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_SERVICE" name="service">
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes">service</token>
</pattern>
<message>At the Commission (but not usually at the Court), the term 'service' is widely used with a meaning akin to 'department'. Alternatives: <suggestion>staff</suggestion>, <suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">department</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: service</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="staff|departments">The <marker>services</marker> of the Commission's Accounting Officer carried out a…</example>
<example>The <marker>staff</marker> of the Commission's Accounting Officer carried out a…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="staff|department">In agreement with the <marker>service</marker> of the Commission, the group…</example>
<example>In agreement with the <marker>Commission</marker>, the group…</example>
<example type="triggers_error">When you <marker>service</marker> the vehicles…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_SHALL" name="shall">
<antipattern>
<token>shall</token>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we</token>
<token>shall</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>shall</token>
</pattern>
<message>The use of 'shall' in the third person (he/she/it/they) is archaic and is only used in legislation or contracts or direct quotes from them (in inverted commas). It should never be used when paraphrasing legislation or quoting it indirectly. Alternatives: <suggestion>must</suggestion>, <suggestion>should</suggestion>, is/are, is to/are to, <suggestion>can</suggestion>, <suggestion>may</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: shall</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="must|should|can|may">It <marker>shall</marker> also include…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="must|should|can|may">The members of the board <marker>shall</marker> act independently.</example>
<example>It <marker>must</marker> also include…</example>
<example><marker>Shall</marker> we go to London tomorrow?</example>
<example>We <marker>shall</marker> be in London next week.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_SICKNESS_INSURANCE" name="sickness insurance">
<pattern>
<token>sickness</token>
<token inflected="yes">insurance</token>
</pattern>
<message>As the correct term is health insurance, presumably one would take out 'sickness insurance' if one wanted to stay in bad health. Alternatives: <suggestion>health insurance</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: sickness insurance</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="health insurance">… from an establishment with which the insured person's <marker>sickness insurance</marker> fund has an agreement.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_SO_CALLED" name="so-called">
<pattern>
<token>so-called</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is a risky term to use; although some dictionaries allow the meaning 'commonly known as', others, like the Collins dictionary, emphasise that its use casts doubt on the veracity of the term it introduces = 'called (in the speaker's opinion, wrongly) by that name'. Often, 'so-called' is superfluous and the other term can stand alone. In other cases we can say 'known as' or 'this is called'.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: so-called</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The <marker>so-called</marker> transitional system for the application of VAT…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">…, designed for monitoring the respiratory and anaesthetic gases of a patient under medical treatment (<marker>so-called</marker> 'Gas Analyser Module')'</example>
<example>The transitional system for the application of VAT…</example>
<example>…, designed for monitoring the respiratory and anaesthetic gases of a patient under medical treatment ('Gas Analyser Module').</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_SUPPRESS_SUPPRESSION" name="suppress/suppression">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">suppress(es)?</token><!-- Only a subset, to prevent the suggestions 'canceled' and 'canceling'. Refer to 'RE: Inflected matched tokens: suggest only 1 of 2 possibilities' (http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected] /msg05792.html). -->
</pattern>
<message>'Suppress' is a bit like 'incite' in that it is often related to violence. It is also often combined with the adverbs 'savagely' or forcibly'. Indeed, the first definition of suppress in the Oxford online dictionary is 'forcibly put an end to'. You can suppress a revolt or an uprising, but you cannot suppress a bus stop. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">abolish</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">cancel</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">withdraw</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: suppress</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="abolish|cancel|withdraw">… to <marker>suppress</marker> the fees at the start of 2015.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="abolishes|cancels|withdraws">If the authority <marker>suppresses</marker> the fees…</example>
<example>… to <marker>abolish</marker> the fees at the start of 2015.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>suppressed</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Suppress' is a bit like 'incite' in that it is often related to violence. It is also often combined with the adverbs 'savagely' or forcibly'. Indeed, the first definition of suppress in the Oxford online dictionary is 'forcibly put an end to'. You can suppress a revolt or an uprising, but you cannot suppress a bus stop. Alternatives:
<suggestion>abolished</suggestion>,
<suggestion>cancelled</suggestion>,
<suggestion>withdrew</suggestion>,
<suggestion>withdrawn</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: suppress</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="abolished|cancelled|withdrew|withdrawn">… where fees were <marker>suppressed</marker> at the start of 2015.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="abolished|cancelled|withdrew|withdrawn">The authority <marker>suppressed</marker> the fees at the start of 2015.</example>
<example>… where fees were <marker>withdrawn</marker> at the start of 2015.</example>
<example>The authority <marker>withdrew</marker> the fees at the start of 2015.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>suppressing</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Suppress' is a bit like 'incite' in that it is often related to violence. It is also often combined with the adverbs 'savagely' or forcibly'. Indeed, the first definition of suppress in the Oxford online dictionary is 'forcibly put an end to'. You can suppress a revolt or an uprising, but you cannot suppress a bus stop. Alternatives:
<suggestion>abolishing</suggestion>,
<suggestion>cancelling</suggestion>,
<suggestion>withdrawing</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: suppress</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="abolishing|cancelling|withdrawing">If you are <marker>suppressing</marker> the fees, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="abolishing|cancelling|withdrawing">… if <marker>suppressing</marker> the fees is necessary.</example>
<example>If you are <marker>withdrawing</marker> the fees, …</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">suppression</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Suppress' is a bit like 'incite' in that it is often related to violence. Alternatives: <suggestion>abolition</suggestion>, <suggestion>cancellation</suggestion>, <suggestion>withdrawal</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: suppression</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="abolition|cancellation|withdrawal">Furthermore, the <marker>suppression</marker> of inpatient fees from 2014…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_THIRD_COUNTRY" name="third country">
<pattern>
<token>third</token>
<token inflected="yes">country</token>
</pattern>
<message>The USA is one country, Canada is another, and Ireland is a third. The USA could sign an agreement with Canada to exclude a third country (e.g. Ireland) from their territorial waters (for fishing, for example). In EU texts, however, this term is widely used to mean 'countries outside the European Union', and sometimes 'countries outside whatever grouping of countries we are talking about'. Use:
<suggestion>non-member <match no="2"/></suggestion> (or state), <!-- TO DO: Make the postag replacements give correct results with 'state' -->
<suggestion>non-Schengen <match no="2"/></suggestion> (or state),
<suggestion><match no="2"/> outside the EU</suggestion>/EEA etc.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: third country</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="non-member country|non-Schengen country|country outside the EU">The standard values for imports from a <marker>third country</marker> are…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="non-member countries|non-Schengen countries|countries outside the EU">He has a Schengen visa but he is not allowed to work in <marker>third countries</marker>.</example>
<example>The standard values for imports from a <marker>non-member state</marker> are…</example>
<example>He has a Schengen visa but he is not allowed to work in <marker>non-Schengen countries</marker>.</example>
<example>He has a Schengen visa but he is not allowed to work in <marker>non-EU countries</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_TRAINING" name="training (a)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">a|each</token>
<marker>
<token>training</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This is one of a series of gerunds used creatively but incorrectly as countable nouns, which is not generally possible in English. Training in English is a process (the process of being trained) and it cannot be used as a synonym for a '(training) course'. Alternatives: <suggestion>course</suggestion> (language course/I am on a course/I am doing a course), <suggestion>workshop</suggestion> (attending a workshop), presentation, talk etc.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: training (a)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="course|workshop">… ICT (including for the purpose of a <marker>training</marker>).</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>trainings</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is one of a series of gerunds used creatively but incorrectly as countable nouns, which is not generally possible in English. Training in English is a process (the process of being trained) and it cannot be used as a synonym for a '(training) course'. Alternatives: <suggestion>courses</suggestion> (language course/I am on a course/I am doing a course), <suggestion>workshops</suggestion> (attending a workshop), presentation, talk etc.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: training (a)</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="courses|workshops">… ICT (including for the purpose of <marker>trainings</marker>).</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_TRANSMIT" name="transmit">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">transmit|retransmit</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Transmit' normally refers to radio or television, data, and, possibly, the sadly defunct, Morse code. When sending something by letter, email or fax, we normally say 'send'. If we are sending something on that has been sent to us, we say 'forward' or 'send on' rather than 'retransmit'. Alternatives:
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">send</match></suggestion>,
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">forward</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: transmit</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="sends|forwards">When the Court <marker>transmits</marker> its draft report…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="send|forward">The Court would thus be required to <marker>transmit</marker> its draft report on the same day that the Commission is required…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="send|forward">Each Member State shall <marker>retransmit</marker> to the NEAFC Secretary reports and messages…</example>
<example>When the Court <marker>sends</marker> its draft report…</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_TRANSPOSE_TRANSPOSITION" name="transpose/transposition">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">transpose</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English 'to transpose' means 'to put in a different order' or 'to transfer to a different place or context'. Alternatives: <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">incorporate</match></suggestion> (into national law).</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: transpose/transposition</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="incorporate">… which <marker>transpose</marker> Chapter 3 of Title XI of Directive 2006/112/EC.</example>
<example>… which <marker>incorporate</marker> Chapter 3 of Title XI of Directive 2006/112/EC.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">transposition</token>
</pattern>
<message>In English 'to transpose' means 'to put in a different order' or 'to transfer to a different place or context'. Alternatives: <suggestion>incorporation</suggestion> (into national law).</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: transpose/transposition</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="incorporation">The <marker>transposition</marker> of Chapter 3 of Title XI of Directive 2006/112/EC…</example>
<example>The <marker>incorporation</marker> of Chapter 3 of Title XI of Directive 2006/112/EC…</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="EUPUB_TRANSVERSE_TRANSVERSAL" name="transverse/transversal">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>transverse</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Transverse' (meaning 'lying across; situated or lying crosswise or athwart') has 223 BNC entries, but these nearly all refer to the fields of medicine ('transverse colon', being the most common), natural science and mechanical engineering. Transverse is not used figuratively. Alternatives: <suggestion>cross-cutting</suggestion>, inter + something (interdepartmental, interministerial); sometimes just '<suggestion>broad</suggestion>' or '<suggestion>general</suggestion>'. Some rephrasing might be needed ('across the board', for example).</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: transverse/transveral</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="cross-cutting|broad|general">The activities are <marker>transverse</marker> and apply to all…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="Cross-cutting|Broad|General"><marker>Transverse</marker> Activities (TAs) means actions with relevance across several ITDs…</example>
<example>The activities are <marker>general</marker> and apply to all…</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>transversal</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Transversal' (meaning 'intersecting a system of lines') occurs three times in the British National Corpus and 709 times in EUR-Lex. This is, in itself, an indication that something is amiss. Transversal is not used figuratively. Alternatives: <suggestion>cross-cutting</suggestion>, inter + something (interdepartmental, interministerial); sometimes just '<suggestion>broad</suggestion>' or '<suggestion>general</suggestion>'</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: transverse/transveral</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="cross-cutting|broad|general">Conclusions of the Council on a <marker>transversal</marker> approach to youth policy.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="cross-cutting|broad|general">To give priority to digital technology in a <marker>transversal</marker> manner…</example>
<example>Conclusions of the Council on a <marker>broad</marker> approach to youth policy.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="EUPUB_TRAVEL" name="travels">
<pattern>
<token postag="NNS">travels</token>
</pattern>
<message>Trip is countable, travel is not, at least not in its normal meaning of 'the action of travelling'. Alternatives:
<suggestion>trips</suggestion>,
<suggestion>travel</suggestion> (singular).</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: travel</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="trips|travel">The consent form for <marker>travels</marker> in and out of the Schengen area…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="trips|travel">The findings of the report concerning Members' <marker>travels</marker> show that…</example>
<example>The consent form for <marker>trips</marker> in and out of the Schengen area…</example>
<example>If he <marker>travels</marker> for many hours…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_TREATMENT" name="treatment [data]">
<pattern>
<token>data</token>
<token inflected="yes">treatment</token>
</pattern>
<message>We normally speak of data processing, not data treatment. Alternatives: <suggestion>data processing</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: data treatment</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="data processing">The significant efforts undertaken in <marker>data treatment</marker> and methodological developments…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="data processing">Eurostat will continue its efforts to speed up the <marker>data treatment</marker> procedures.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_VALORISE_VALORIZE" name="valorise|valorize">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">valorise|valorises|valorised|valorising|valorize|valorizes|valorized|valorizing</token>
</pattern>
<message>'To valorise' means 'to fix and maintain an artificial price for (a commodity) by governmental action'. In EU texts, however, it is often used to mean 'to assign a value to' or to 'make the most of'. Alternatives: increase the value of, give a value to, enhance, make the most of, accentuate, upgrade, put to good use.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: valorise|valorize</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The work of the Agency was <marker>valorised</marker> for both the public and the private sectors.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… only those cultivation practices which seek to <marker>valorize</marker> almost the whole of the product cultivated should be accepted.</example>
<example>The work of the Agency was <marker>assigned a value</marker> for both the public and the private sectors.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_VERIFICATIONS" name="verifications">
<pattern>
<token>verifications</token>
</pattern>
<message>Verification means 'the process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something'. It is an uncountable noun and does not normally have a plural. We do not, therefore, perform or 'do' (or even make) verifications in English. Alternatives: <suggestion>checks</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: verifications</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="checks">To increase the effectiveness of its on-the-spot <marker>verifications</marker> of the Member States' statistical reports…</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="checks">No ex post <marker>verifications</marker> were carried out for any transactions made after 2008.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EUPUB_VISA" name="visa">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">visa</token>
</pattern>
<message>Visa is misused to render not only 'approval', but also the act of giving approval. In English, a visa is generally 'an official authorisation appended to a passport, permitting entry into and travel within a particular country or region'. It is also the name of a credit card. Alternatives: approval, endorsement, to approve, to endorse.</message>
<url>http://euenglish.webs.com/</url>
<short>EU English: visa</short>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The centralised ex-ante <marker>visa</marker> performed by the Financial Controller, …</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">The Finance Section has to <marker>visa</marker> all transactions before they can be authorised.</example>
<example type="incorrect" correction="">… the ex-ante <marker>visa</marker> of the Delegation would be suspended unless…</example>
<example>The centralised ex-ante <marker>approval</marker> performed by the Financial Controller, …</example>
</rule>
</category>
</rules>
