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/*
 * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.web.servlet.function;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.OptionalLong;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.HttpRange;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.PathContainer;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriBuilder;

/**
 * Represents a server-side HTTP request, as handled by a {@code HandlerFunction}.
 * Access to headers and body is offered by {@link Headers} and
 * {@link #body(Class)}, respectively.
 *
 * @author Arjen Poutsma
 * @since 5.2
 */
public interface ServerRequest {

	/**
	 * Get the HTTP method.
	 * @return the HTTP method as an HttpMethod enum value, or {@code null}
	 * if not resolvable (e.g. in case of a non-standard HTTP method)
	 */
	@Nullable
	default HttpMethod method() {
		return HttpMethod.resolve(methodName());
	}

	/**
	 * Get the name of the HTTP method.
	 * @return the HTTP method as a String
	 */
	String methodName();

	/**
	 * Get the request URI.
	 */
	URI uri();

	/**
	 * Get a {@code UriBuilderComponents} from the URI associated with this
	 * {@code ServerRequest}.
	 *
	 * @return a URI builder
	 */
	UriBuilder uriBuilder();

	/**
	 * Get the request path.
	 */
	default String path() {
		return uri().getRawPath();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the request path as a {@code PathContainer}.
	 */
	default PathContainer pathContainer() {
		return PathContainer.parsePath(path());
	}

	/**
	 * Get the headers of this request.
	 */
	Headers headers();

	/**
	 * Get the cookies of this request.
	 */
	MultiValueMap cookies();

	/**
	 * Get the remote address to which this request is connected, if available.
	 */
	Optional remoteAddress();

	/**
	 * Get the readers used to convert the body of this request.
	 */
	List> messageConverters();

	/**
	 * Extract the body as an object of the given type.
	 * @param bodyType the type of return value
	 * @param  the body type
	 * @return the body
	 */
	 T body(Class bodyType) throws ServletException, IOException;

	/**
	 * Extract the body as an object of the given type.
	 * @param bodyType the type of return value
	 * @param  the body type
	 * @return the body
	 */
	 T body(ParameterizedTypeReference bodyType) throws ServletException, IOException;

	/**
	 * Get the request attribute value if present.
	 * @param name the attribute name
	 * @return the attribute value
	 */
	default Optional attribute(String name) {
		Map attributes = attributes();
		if (attributes.containsKey(name)) {
			return Optional.of(attributes.get(name));
		}
		else {
			return Optional.empty();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get a mutable map of request attributes.
	 * @return the request attributes
	 */
	Map attributes();

	/**
	 * Get the first parameter with the given name, if present. Servlet
	 * parameters are contained in the query string or posted form data.
	 * @param name the parameter name
	 * @return the parameter value
	 * @see HttpServletRequest#getParameter(String)
	 */
	default Optional param(String name) {
		List paramValues = params().get(name);
		if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(paramValues)) {
			return Optional.empty();
		}
		else {
			String value = paramValues.get(0);
			if (value == null) {
				value = "";
			}
			return Optional.of(value);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get all parameters for this request. Servlet parameters are contained
	 * in the query string or posted form data.
	 * @see HttpServletRequest#getParameterMap()
	 */
	MultiValueMap params();

	/**
	 * Get the path variable with the given name, if present.
	 * @param name the variable name
	 * @return the variable value
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is no path variable with the given name
	 */
	default String pathVariable(String name) {
		Map pathVariables = pathVariables();
		if (pathVariables.containsKey(name)) {
			return pathVariables().get(name);
		}
		else {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("No path variable with name \"" + name + "\" available");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get all path variables for this request.
	 */
	Map pathVariables();

	/**
	 * Get the web session for this request. Always guaranteed to
	 * return an instance either matching to the session id requested by the
	 * client, or with a new session id either because the client did not
	 * specify one or because the underlying session had expired. Use of this
	 * method does not automatically create a session.
	 */
	HttpSession session();

	/**
	 * Get the authenticated user for the request, if any.
	 */
	Optional principal();

	/**
	 * Get the servlet request that this request is based on.
	 */
	HttpServletRequest servletRequest();

	/**
	 * Check whether the requested resource has been modified given the
	 * supplied last-modified timestamp (as determined by the application).
	 * If not modified, this method returns a response with corresponding
	 * status code and headers, otherwise an empty result.
	 * 

Typical usage: *

	 * public ServerResponse myHandleMethod(ServerRequest request) {
	 *   Instant lastModified = // application-specific calculation
	 *	 return request.checkNotModified(lastModified)
	 *	   .orElseGet(() -> {
	 *	     // further request processing, actually building content
	 *		 return ServerResponse.ok().body(...);
	 *	   });
	 * }
*

This method works with conditional GET/HEAD requests, but * also with conditional POST/PUT/DELETE requests. *

Note: you can use either * this {@code #checkNotModified(Instant)} method; or * {@link #checkNotModified(String)}. If you want enforce both * a strong entity tag and a Last-Modified value, * as recommended by the HTTP specification, * then you should use {@link #checkNotModified(Instant, String)}. * @param lastModified the last-modified timestamp that the * application determined for the underlying resource * @return a corresponding response if the request qualifies as not * modified, or an empty result otherwise. * @since 5.2.5 */ default Optional checkNotModified(Instant lastModified) { Assert.notNull(lastModified, "LastModified must not be null"); return DefaultServerRequest.checkNotModified(servletRequest(), lastModified, null); } /** * Check whether the requested resource has been modified given the * supplied {@code ETag} (entity tag), as determined by the application. * If not modified, this method returns a response with corresponding * status code and headers, otherwise an empty result. *

Typical usage: *

	 * public ServerResponse myHandleMethod(ServerRequest request) {
	 *   String eTag = // application-specific calculation
	 *	 return request.checkNotModified(eTag)
	 *	   .orElseGet(() -> {
	 *	     // further request processing, actually building content
	 *		 return ServerResponse.ok().body(...);
	 *	   });
	 * }
*

This method works with conditional GET/HEAD requests, but * also with conditional POST/PUT/DELETE requests. *

Note: you can use either * this {@link #checkNotModified(Instant)} method; or * {@code #checkNotModified(String)}. If you want enforce both * a strong entity tag and a Last-Modified value, * as recommended by the HTTP specification, * then you should use {@link #checkNotModified(Instant, String)}. * @param etag the entity tag that the application determined * for the underlying resource. This parameter will be padded * with quotes (") if necessary. * @return a corresponding response if the request qualifies as not * modified, or an empty result otherwise. * @since 5.2.5 */ default Optional checkNotModified(String etag) { Assert.notNull(etag, "Etag must not be null"); return DefaultServerRequest.checkNotModified(servletRequest(), null, etag); } /** * Check whether the requested resource has been modified given the * supplied {@code ETag} (entity tag) and last-modified timestamp, * as determined by the application. * If not modified, this method returns a response with corresponding * status code and headers, otherwise an empty result. *

Typical usage: *

	 * public ServerResponse myHandleMethod(ServerRequest request) {
	 *   Instant lastModified = // application-specific calculation
	 *   String eTag = // application-specific calculation
	 *	 return request.checkNotModified(lastModified, eTag)
	 *	   .orElseGet(() -> {
	 *	     // further request processing, actually building content
	 *		 return ServerResponse.ok().body(...);
	 *	   });
	 * }
*

This method works with conditional GET/HEAD requests, but * also with conditional POST/PUT/DELETE requests. * @param lastModified the last-modified timestamp that the * application determined for the underlying resource * @param etag the entity tag that the application determined * for the underlying resource. This parameter will be padded * with quotes (") if necessary. * @return a corresponding response if the request qualifies as not * modified, or an empty result otherwise. * @since 5.2.5 */ default Optional checkNotModified(Instant lastModified, String etag) { Assert.notNull(lastModified, "LastModified must not be null"); Assert.notNull(etag, "Etag must not be null"); return DefaultServerRequest.checkNotModified(servletRequest(), lastModified, etag); } // Static methods /** * Create a new {@code ServerRequest} based on the given {@code HttpServletRequest} and * message converters. * @param servletRequest the request * @param messageReaders the message readers * @return the created {@code ServerRequest} */ static ServerRequest create(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, List> messageReaders) { return new DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, messageReaders); } /** * Create a builder with the status, headers, and cookies of the given request. * @param other the response to copy the status, headers, and cookies from * @return the created builder */ static Builder from(ServerRequest other) { return new DefaultServerRequestBuilder(other); } /** * Represents the headers of the HTTP request. * @see ServerRequest#headers() */ interface Headers { /** * Get the list of acceptable media types, as specified by the {@code Accept} * header. *

Returns an empty list if the acceptable media types are unspecified. */ List accept(); /** * Get the list of acceptable charsets, as specified by the * {@code Accept-Charset} header. */ List acceptCharset(); /** * Get the list of acceptable languages, as specified by the * {@code Accept-Language} header. */ List acceptLanguage(); /** * Get the length of the body in bytes, as specified by the * {@code Content-Length} header. */ OptionalLong contentLength(); /** * Get the media type of the body, as specified by the * {@code Content-Type} header. */ Optional contentType(); /** * Get the value of the {@code Host} header, if available. *

If the header value does not contain a port, the * {@linkplain InetSocketAddress#getPort() port} in the returned address will * be {@code 0}. */ @Nullable InetSocketAddress host(); /** * Get the value of the {@code Range} header. *

Returns an empty list when the range is unknown. */ List range(); /** * Get the header value(s), if any, for the header of the given name. *

Returns an empty list if no header values are found. * @param headerName the header name */ List header(String headerName); /** * Get the first header value, if any, for the header for the given name. *

Returns {@code null} if no header values are found. * @param headerName the header name * @since 5.2.5 */ @Nullable default String firstHeader(String headerName) { List list = header(headerName); return list.isEmpty() ? null : list.get(0); } /** * Get the headers as an instance of {@link HttpHeaders}. */ HttpHeaders asHttpHeaders(); } /** * Defines a builder for a request. */ interface Builder { /** * Set the method of the request. * @param method the new method * @return this builder */ Builder method(HttpMethod method); /** * Set the URI of the request. * @param uri the new URI * @return this builder */ Builder uri(URI uri); /** * Add the given header value(s) under the given name. * @param headerName the header name * @param headerValues the header value(s) * @return this builder * @see HttpHeaders#add(String, String) */ Builder header(String headerName, String... headerValues); /** * Manipulate this request's headers with the given consumer. *

The headers provided to the consumer are "live", so that the consumer can be used to * {@linkplain HttpHeaders#set(String, String) overwrite} existing header values, * {@linkplain HttpHeaders#remove(Object) remove} values, or use any of the other * {@link HttpHeaders} methods. * @param headersConsumer a function that consumes the {@code HttpHeaders} * @return this builder */ Builder headers(Consumer headersConsumer); /** * Add a cookie with the given name and value(s). * @param name the cookie name * @param values the cookie value(s) * @return this builder */ Builder cookie(String name, String... values); /** * Manipulate this request's cookies with the given consumer. *

The map provided to the consumer is "live", so that the consumer can be used to * {@linkplain MultiValueMap#set(Object, Object) overwrite} existing cookies, * {@linkplain MultiValueMap#remove(Object) remove} cookies, or use any of the other * {@link MultiValueMap} methods. * @param cookiesConsumer a function that consumes the cookies map * @return this builder */ Builder cookies(Consumer> cookiesConsumer); /** * Set the body of the request. *

Calling this methods will * {@linkplain org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferUtils#release(DataBuffer) release} * the existing body of the builder. * @param body the new body * @return this builder */ Builder body(byte[] body); /** * Set the body of the request to the UTF-8 encoded bytes of the given string. *

Calling this methods will * {@linkplain org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferUtils#release(DataBuffer) release} * the existing body of the builder. * @param body the new body * @return this builder */ Builder body(String body); /** * Add an attribute with the given name and value. * @param name the attribute name * @param value the attribute value * @return this builder */ Builder attribute(String name, Object value); /** * Manipulate this request's attributes with the given consumer. *

The map provided to the consumer is "live", so that the consumer can be used * to {@linkplain Map#put(Object, Object) overwrite} existing attributes, * {@linkplain Map#remove(Object) remove} attributes, or use any of the other * {@link Map} methods. * @param attributesConsumer a function that consumes the attributes map * @return this builder */ Builder attributes(Consumer> attributesConsumer); /** * Build the request. * @return the built request */ ServerRequest build(); } }