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/*
 * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.core.GenericTypeResolver;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
import org.springframework.core.io.InputStreamResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourceRegion;
import org.springframework.core.log.LogFormatUtils;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.HttpRange;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.MediaTypeFactory;
import org.springframework.http.ProblemDetail;
import org.springframework.http.converter.GenericHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServletServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServletServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.MimeTypeUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException;
import org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManager;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping;
import org.springframework.web.util.UrlPathHelper;

/**
 * Extends {@link AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver} with the ability to handle method
 * return values by writing to the response with {@link HttpMessageConverter HttpMessageConverters}.
 *
 * @author Arjen Poutsma
 * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
 * @author Brian Clozel
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 3.1
 */
public abstract class AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver
		implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {

	/* Extensions associated with the built-in message converters */
	private static final Set SAFE_EXTENSIONS = Set.of(
			"txt", "text", "yml", "properties", "csv",
			"json", "xml", "atom", "rss",
			"png", "jpe", "jpeg", "jpg", "gif", "wbmp", "bmp");

	private static final Set SAFE_MEDIA_BASE_TYPES =
			Set.of("audio", "image", "video");

	private static final List ALL_APPLICATION_MEDIA_TYPES =
			List.of(MediaType.ALL, new MediaType("application"));

	private static final Type RESOURCE_REGION_LIST_TYPE =
			new ParameterizedTypeReference>() {}.getType();


	private final ContentNegotiationManager contentNegotiationManager;

	private final List problemMediaTypes =
			Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_PROBLEM_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_PROBLEM_XML);

	private final Set safeExtensions = new HashSet<>();


	/**
	 * Constructor with list of converters only.
	 */
	protected AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor(List> converters) {
		this(converters, null, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor with list of converters and ContentNegotiationManager.
	 */
	protected AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor(List> converters,
			@Nullable ContentNegotiationManager contentNegotiationManager) {

		this(converters, contentNegotiationManager, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor with list of converters and ContentNegotiationManager as well
	 * as request/response body advice instances.
	 */
	protected AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor(List> converters,
			@Nullable ContentNegotiationManager manager, @Nullable List requestResponseBodyAdvice) {

		super(converters, requestResponseBodyAdvice);

		this.contentNegotiationManager = (manager != null ? manager : new ContentNegotiationManager());
		this.safeExtensions.addAll(this.contentNegotiationManager.getAllFileExtensions());
		this.safeExtensions.addAll(SAFE_EXTENSIONS);
	}


	/**
	 * Creates a new {@link HttpOutputMessage} from the given {@link NativeWebRequest}.
	 * @param webRequest the web request to create an output message from
	 * @return the output message
	 */
	protected ServletServerHttpResponse createOutputMessage(NativeWebRequest webRequest) {
		HttpServletResponse response = webRequest.getNativeResponse(HttpServletResponse.class);
		Assert.state(response != null, "No HttpServletResponse");
		return new ServletServerHttpResponse(response);
	}

	/**
	 * Writes the given return value to the given web request. Delegates to
	 * {@link #writeWithMessageConverters(Object, MethodParameter, ServletServerHttpRequest, ServletServerHttpResponse)}
	 */
	protected  void writeWithMessageConverters(T value, MethodParameter returnType, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
			throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

		ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest);
		ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest);
		writeWithMessageConverters(value, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
	}

	/**
	 * Writes the given return type to the given output message.
	 * @param value the value to write to the output message
	 * @param returnType the type of the value
	 * @param inputMessage the input messages. Used to inspect the {@code Accept} header.
	 * @param outputMessage the output message to write to
	 * @throws IOException thrown in case of I/O errors
	 * @throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException thrown when the conditions indicated
	 * by the {@code Accept} header on the request cannot be met by the message converters
	 * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException thrown if a given message cannot
	 * be written by a converter, or if the content-type chosen by the server
	 * has no compatible converter.
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
	protected  void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType,
			ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
			throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

		Object body;
		Class valueType;
		Type targetType;

		if (value instanceof CharSequence) {
			body = value.toString();
			valueType = String.class;
			targetType = String.class;
		}
		else {
			body = value;
			valueType = getReturnValueType(body, returnType);
			targetType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveType(getGenericType(returnType), returnType.getContainingClass());
		}

		if (isResourceType(value, returnType)) {
			outputMessage.getHeaders().set(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_RANGES, "bytes");
			if (value != null && inputMessage.getHeaders().getFirst(HttpHeaders.RANGE) != null &&
					outputMessage.getServletResponse().getStatus() == 200) {
				Resource resource = (Resource) value;
				try {
					List httpRanges = inputMessage.getHeaders().getRange();
					outputMessage.getServletResponse().setStatus(HttpStatus.PARTIAL_CONTENT.value());
					body = HttpRange.toResourceRegions(httpRanges, resource);
					valueType = body.getClass();
					targetType = RESOURCE_REGION_LIST_TYPE;
				}
				catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
					outputMessage.getHeaders().set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_RANGE, "bytes */" + resource.contentLength());
					outputMessage.getServletResponse().setStatus(HttpStatus.REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE.value());
				}
			}
		}

		MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
		MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
		boolean isContentTypePreset = contentType != null && contentType.isConcrete();
		if (isContentTypePreset) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Found 'Content-Type:" + contentType + "' in response");
			}
			selectedMediaType = contentType;
		}
		else {
			HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
			List acceptableTypes;
			try {
				acceptableTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
			}
			catch (HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException ex) {
				int series = outputMessage.getServletResponse().getStatus() / 100;
				if (body == null || series == 4 || series == 5) {
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Ignoring error response content (if any). " + ex);
					}
					return;
				}
				throw ex;
			}

			List producibleTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, targetType);
			if (body != null && producibleTypes.isEmpty()) {
				throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException(
						"No converter found for return value of type: " + valueType);
			}

			List compatibleMediaTypes = new ArrayList<>();
			determineCompatibleMediaTypes(acceptableTypes, producibleTypes, compatibleMediaTypes);

			// For ProblemDetail, fall back on RFC 7807 format
			if (compatibleMediaTypes.isEmpty() && ProblemDetail.class.isAssignableFrom(valueType)) {
				determineCompatibleMediaTypes(this.problemMediaTypes, producibleTypes, compatibleMediaTypes);
			}

			if (compatibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("No match for " + acceptableTypes + ", supported: " + producibleTypes);
				}
				if (body != null) {
					throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleTypes);
				}
				return;
			}

			MimeTypeUtils.sortBySpecificity(compatibleMediaTypes);

			for (MediaType mediaType : compatibleMediaTypes) {
				if (mediaType.isConcrete()) {
					selectedMediaType = mediaType;
					break;
				}
				else if (mediaType.isPresentIn(ALL_APPLICATION_MEDIA_TYPES)) {
					selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Using '" + selectedMediaType + "', given " +
						acceptableTypes + " and supported " + producibleTypes);
			}
		}

		if (selectedMediaType != null) {
			selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
			for (HttpMessageConverter converter : this.messageConverters) {
				GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter =
						(converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ghmc ? ghmc : null);
				if (genericConverter != null ?
						((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueType, selectedMediaType) :
						converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
					body = getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType,
							(Class>) converter.getClass(),
							inputMessage, outputMessage);
					if (body != null) {
						Object theBody = body;
						LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn ->
								"Writing [" + LogFormatUtils.formatValue(theBody, !traceOn) + "]");
						addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
						if (genericConverter != null) {
							genericConverter.write(body, targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
						}
						else {
							((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
						}
					}
					else {
						if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
							logger.debug("Nothing to write: null body");
						}
					}
					return;
				}
			}
		}

		if (body != null) {
			Set producibleMediaTypes =
					(Set) inputMessage.getServletRequest()
							.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);

			if (isContentTypePreset || !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(producibleMediaTypes)) {
				throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException(
						"No converter for [" + valueType + "] with preset Content-Type '" + contentType + "'");
			}
			throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(getSupportedMediaTypes(body.getClass()));
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the type of the value to be written to the response. Typically this is
	 * a simple check via getClass on the value but if the value is null, then the
	 * return type needs to be examined possibly including generic type determination
	 * (e.g. {@code ResponseEntity}).
	 */
	protected Class getReturnValueType(@Nullable Object value, MethodParameter returnType) {
		return (value != null ? value.getClass() : returnType.getParameterType());
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether the returned value or the declared return type extends {@link Resource}.
	 */
	protected boolean isResourceType(@Nullable Object value, MethodParameter returnType) {
		Class clazz = getReturnValueType(value, returnType);
		return clazz != InputStreamResource.class && Resource.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
	}

	/**
	 * Return the generic type of the {@code returnType} (or of the nested type
	 * if it is an {@link HttpEntity}).
	 */
	private Type getGenericType(MethodParameter returnType) {
		if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType.getParameterType())) {
			return ResolvableType.forType(returnType.getGenericParameterType()).getGeneric().getType();
		}
		else {
			return returnType.getGenericParameterType();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the media types that can be produced.
	 * @see #getProducibleMediaTypes(HttpServletRequest, Class, Type)
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
	protected List getProducibleMediaTypes(HttpServletRequest request, Class valueClass) {
		return getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueClass, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the media types that can be produced. The resulting media types are:
	 * 
    *
  • The producible media types specified in the request mappings, or *
  • Media types of configured converters that can write the specific return value, or *
  • {@link MediaType#ALL} *
* @since 4.2 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected List getProducibleMediaTypes( HttpServletRequest request, Class valueClass, @Nullable Type targetType) { Set mediaTypes = (Set) request.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE); if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mediaTypes)) { return new ArrayList<>(mediaTypes); } Set result = new LinkedHashSet<>(); for (HttpMessageConverter converter : this.messageConverters) { if (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ghmc && targetType != null) { if (ghmc.canWrite(targetType, valueClass, null)) { result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes(valueClass)); } } else if (converter.canWrite(valueClass, null)) { result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes(valueClass)); } } return (result.isEmpty() ? Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL) : new ArrayList<>(result)); } private List getAcceptableMediaTypes(HttpServletRequest request) throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException { return this.contentNegotiationManager.resolveMediaTypes(new ServletWebRequest(request)); } private void determineCompatibleMediaTypes( List acceptableTypes, List producibleTypes, List mediaTypesToUse) { for (MediaType requestedType : acceptableTypes) { for (MediaType producibleType : producibleTypes) { if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) { mediaTypesToUse.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType)); } } } } /** * Return the more specific of the acceptable and the producible media types * with the q-value of the former. */ private MediaType getMostSpecificMediaType(MediaType acceptType, MediaType produceType) { MediaType produceTypeToUse = produceType.copyQualityValue(acceptType); if (acceptType.isLessSpecific(produceTypeToUse)) { return produceTypeToUse; } else { return acceptType; } } /** * Check if the path has a file extension and whether the extension is either * on the list of {@link #SAFE_EXTENSIONS safe extensions} or explicitly * {@link ContentNegotiationManager#getAllFileExtensions() registered}. * If not, and the status is in the 2xx range, a 'Content-Disposition' * header with a safe attachment file name ("f.txt") is added to prevent * RFD exploits. */ private void addContentDispositionHeader(ServletServerHttpRequest request, ServletServerHttpResponse response) { HttpHeaders headers = response.getHeaders(); if (headers.containsKey(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION)) { return; } try { int status = response.getServletResponse().getStatus(); if (status < 200 || (status > 299 && status < 400)) { return; } } catch (Throwable ex) { // ignore } HttpServletRequest servletRequest = request.getServletRequest(); String requestUri = UrlPathHelper.rawPathInstance.getOriginatingRequestUri(servletRequest); int index = requestUri.lastIndexOf('/') + 1; String filename = requestUri.substring(index); String pathParams = ""; index = filename.indexOf(';'); if (index != -1) { pathParams = filename.substring(index); filename = filename.substring(0, index); } filename = UrlPathHelper.defaultInstance.decodeRequestString(servletRequest, filename); String ext = StringUtils.getFilenameExtension(filename); pathParams = UrlPathHelper.defaultInstance.decodeRequestString(servletRequest, pathParams); String extInPathParams = StringUtils.getFilenameExtension(pathParams); if (!safeExtension(servletRequest, ext) || !safeExtension(servletRequest, extInPathParams)) { headers.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "inline;filename=f.txt"); } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private boolean safeExtension(HttpServletRequest request, @Nullable String extension) { if (!StringUtils.hasText(extension)) { return true; } extension = extension.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); if (this.safeExtensions.contains(extension)) { return true; } String pattern = (String) request.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE); if (pattern != null && pattern.endsWith("." + extension)) { return true; } if (extension.equals("html")) { String name = HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE; Set mediaTypes = (Set) request.getAttribute(name); if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mediaTypes) && mediaTypes.contains(MediaType.TEXT_HTML)) { return true; } } MediaType mediaType = resolveMediaType(request, extension); return (mediaType != null && (safeMediaType(mediaType))); } @Nullable private MediaType resolveMediaType(ServletRequest request, String extension) { MediaType result = null; String rawMimeType = request.getServletContext().getMimeType("file." + extension); if (StringUtils.hasText(rawMimeType)) { result = MediaType.parseMediaType(rawMimeType); } if (result == null || MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM.equals(result)) { result = MediaTypeFactory.getMediaType("file." + extension).orElse(null); } return result; } private boolean safeMediaType(MediaType mediaType) { return (SAFE_MEDIA_BASE_TYPES.contains(mediaType.getType()) || mediaType.getSubtype().endsWith("+xml")); } }