The JavaMailTM API
provides classes that model a mail system.
The javax.mail package defines classes that are common to
all mail systems.
The javax.mail.internet package defines classes that are specific
to mail systems based on internet standards such as MIME, SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
The JavaMail API includes the javax.mail package and subpackages.
For an overview of the JavaMail API, read the
JavaMail specification.
The code to send a plain text message can be as simple as the following:
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.host", "my-mail-server");
Session session = Session.getInstance(props, null);
try {
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
msg.setFrom("[email protected]");
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,
"[email protected]");
msg.setSubject("JavaMail hello world example");
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
msg.setText("Hello, world!\n");
Transport.send(msg, "[email protected]", "my-password");
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
System.out.println("send failed, exception: " + mex);
}
The JavaMail download bundle contains many more complete examples
in the "demo" directory.
Don't forget to see the
JavaMail API FAQ
for answers to the most common questions.
The
JavaMail web site
contains many additional resources.
Properties
The JavaMail API supports the following standard properties,
which may be set in the Session object, or in the
Properties object used to create the Session object.
The properties are always set as strings; the Type column describes
how the string is interpreted. For example, use
props.put("mail.debug", "true");
to set the mail.debug property, which is of type boolean.
| Name |
Type |
Description |
| mail.debug |
boolean |
The initial debug mode.
Default is false.
|
| mail.from |
String |
The return email address of the current user, used by the
InternetAddress method getLocalAddress.
|
| mail.mime.address.strict |
boolean |
The MimeMessage class uses the InternetAddress method
parseHeader to parse headers in messages. This property
controls the strict flag passed to the parseHeader
method. The default is true.
|
| mail.host |
String |
The default host name of the mail server for both Stores and Transports.
Used if the mail.protocol.host property isn't set.
|
| mail.store.protocol |
String |
Specifies the default message access protocol. The
Session method getStore() returns a Store
object that implements this protocol. By default the first Store
provider in the configuration files is returned.
|
| mail.transport.protocol |
String |
Specifies the default message transport protocol. The
Session method getTransport() returns a Transport
object that implements this protocol. By default the first Transport
provider in the configuration files is returned.
|
| mail.user |
String |
The default user name to use when connecting to the mail server.
Used if the mail.protocol.user property isn't set.
|
| mail.protocol.class |
String |
Specifies the fully qualified class name of the provider for the
specified protocol. Used in cases where more than one provider
for a given protocol exists; this property can be used to specify
which provider to use by default. The provider must still be listed
in a configuration file.
|
| mail.protocol.host |
String |
The host name of the mail server for the specified protocol.
Overrides the mail.host property.
|
| mail.protocol.port |
int |
The port number of the mail server for the specified protocol.
If not specified the protocol's default port number is used.
|
| mail.protocol.user |
String |
The user name to use when connecting to mail servers
using the specified protocol.
Overrides the mail.user property.
|
The following properties are supported by the reference implementation (RI) of
JavaMail, but are not currently a required part of the specification.
The names, types, defaults, and semantics of these properties may
change in future releases.
| Name |
Type |
Description |
| mail.debug.auth |
boolean |
Include protocol authentication commands (including usernames and passwords)
in the debug output.
Default is false.
|
| mail.transport.protocol.address-type |
String |
Specifies the default message transport protocol for the specified address type.
The Session method getTransport(Address) returns a
Transport object that implements this protocol when the address is of the
specified type (e.g., "rfc822" for standard internet addresses).
By default the first Transport configured for that address type is used.
This property can be used to override the behavior of the
{@link javax.mail.Transport#send send} method of the
{@link javax.mail.Transport Transport} class so that (for example) the "smtps"
protocol is used instead of the "smtp" protocol by setting the property
mail.transport.protocol.rfc822 to "smtps".
|
| mail.event.scope |
String |
Controls the scope of events. (See the javax.mail.event package.)
By default, a separate event queue and thread is used for events for each
Store, Transport, or Folder.
If this property is set to "session", all such events are put in a single
event queue processed by a single thread for the current session.
If this property is set to "application", all such events are put in a single
event queue processed by a single thread for the current application.
(Applications are distinguished by their context class loader.)
|
| mail.event.executor |
java.util.concurrent.Executor |
By default, a new Thread is created for each event queue.
This thread is used to call the listeners for these events.
If this property is set to an instance of an Executor, the
Executor.execute method is used to run the event dispatcher
for an event queue. The event dispatcher runs until the
event queue is no longer in use.
|
The JavaMail API also supports several System properties;
see the {@link javax.mail.internet} package documentation
for details.
The JavaMail reference
implementation includes protocol providers in subpackages of
com.sun.mail. Note that the APIs to these protocol
providers are not part of the standard JavaMail API. Portable
programs will not use these APIs.
Nonportable programs may use the APIs of the protocol providers
by (for example) casting a returned Folder object to a
com.sun.mail.imap.IMAPFolder object. Similarly for
Store and Message objects returned from the
standard JavaMail APIs.
The protocol providers also support properties that are specific to
those providers. The package documentation for the
{@link com.sun.mail.imap IMAP}, {@link com.sun.mail.pop3 POP3},
and {@link com.sun.mail.smtp SMTP} packages provide details.
In addition to printing debugging output as controlled by the
{@link javax.mail.Session Session} configuration, the current
implementation of classes in this package log the same information using
{@link java.util.logging.Logger} as described in the following table:
| Logger Name |
Logging Level |
Purpose |
| javax.mail |
CONFIG |
Configuration of the Session |
| javax.mail |
FINE |
General debugging output |
