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/* Magnolia, version 0.10.0. Copyright 2018 Jon Pretty, Propensive Ltd.
 *
 * The primary distribution site is: http://co.ntextu.al/
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file
 * except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the
 * License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 */
package magnolia

import scala.annotation.compileTimeOnly
import scala.collection.mutable
import scala.language.existentials
import scala.language.higherKinds
import scala.reflect.macros._
import mercator._

/** the object which defines the Magnolia macro */
object Magnolia {
  import CompileTimeState._

  /** derives a generic typeclass instance for the type `T`
    *
    *  This is a macro definition method which should be bound to a method defined inside a Magnolia
    *  generic derivation object, that is, one which defines the methods `combine`, `dispatch` and
    *  the type constructor, `Typeclass[_]`. This will typically look like,
    *  
    *  object Derivation {
    *    // other definitions
    *    implicit def gen[T]: Typeclass[T] = Magnolia.gen[T]
    *  }
    *  
* which would support automatic derivation of typeclass instances by calling * `Derivation.gen[T]` or with `implicitly[Typeclass[T]]`, if the implicit method is imported * into the current scope. * * If the `gen` is not `implicit`, semi-auto derivation is used instead, whereby implicits will * not be generated outside of this ADT. * * The definition expects a type constructor called `Typeclass`, taking one *-kinded type * parameter to be defined on the same object as a means of determining how the typeclass should * be genericized. While this may be obvious for typeclasses like `Show[T]` which take only a * single type parameter, Magnolia can also derive typeclass instances for types such as * `Decoder[Format, Type]` which would typically fix the `Format` parameter while varying the * `Type` parameter. * * While there is no "interface" for a derivation, in the object-oriented sense, the Magnolia * macro expects to be able to call certain methods on the object within which it is bound to a * method. * * Specifically, for deriving case classes (product types), the macro will attempt to call the * `combine` method with an instance of [[CaseClass]], like so, *
    *    <derivation>.combine(<caseClass>): Typeclass[T]
    *  
* That is to say, the macro expects there to exist a method called `combine` on the derivation * object, which may be called with the code above, and for it to return a type which conforms * to the type `Typeclass[T]`. The implementation of `combine` will therefore typically look * like this, *
    *    def combine[T](caseClass: CaseClass[Typeclass, T]): Typeclass[T] = ...
    *  
* however, there is the flexibility to provide additional type parameters or additional * implicit parameters to the definition, provided these do not affect its ability to be invoked * as described above. * * Likewise, for deriving sealed traits (coproduct or sum types), the macro will attempt to call * the `dispatch` method with an instance of [[SealedTrait]], like so, *
    *    <derivation>.dispatch(<sealedTrait>): Typeclass[T]
    *  
* so a definition such as, *
    *    def dispatch[T](sealedTrait: SealedTrait[Typeclass, T]): Typeclass[T] = ...
    *  
* will suffice, however the qualifications regarding additional type parameters and implicit * parameters apply equally to `dispatch` as to `combine`. * */ def gen[T: c.WeakTypeTag](c: whitebox.Context): c.Tree = Stack.withContext(c) { stack => import c.universe._ import c.internal._ val debug = c.macroApplication.symbol.annotations .find(_.tree.tpe <:< typeOf[debug]) .flatMap(_.tree.children.tail.collectFirst { case Literal(Constant(s: String)) => s }) val magnoliaPkg = c.mirror.staticPackage("magnolia") val scalaPkg = c.mirror.staticPackage("scala") val repeatedParamClass = definitions.RepeatedParamClass val scalaSeqType = typeOf[Seq[_]].typeConstructor val prefixType = c.prefix.tree.tpe val prefixObject = prefixType.typeSymbol val prefixName = prefixObject.name.decodedName def error(message: String): Nothing = c.abort(c.enclosingPosition, s"magnolia: $message") val enclosingVals = Iterator .iterate(enclosingOwner)(_.owner) .takeWhile(encl => encl != null && encl != NoSymbol) .filter(_.isTerm) .map(_.asTerm) .filter(encl => encl.isVal || encl.isLazy) .toSet[Symbol] def knownSubclasses(sym: ClassSymbol): List[Symbol] = { val children = sym.knownDirectSubclasses.toList val (abstractTypes, concreteTypes) = children.partition(_.isAbstract) abstractTypes.map(_.asClass).flatMap(knownSubclasses(_)) ::: concreteTypes } def annotationsOf(symbol: Symbol): List[Tree] = symbol.annotations.map(_.tree).filterNot(_.tpe.typeSymbol.isJava) val typeDefs = prefixType.baseClasses.flatMap { cls => cls.asType.toType.decls.filter(_.isType).find(_.name.toString == "Typeclass").map { tpe => tpe.asType.toType.asSeenFrom(prefixType, cls) } } val typeConstructor = typeDefs.headOption.fold( error(s"the derivation $prefixObject does not define the Typeclass type constructor") )(_.typeConstructor) def checkMethod(termName: String, category: String, expected: String): Unit = { val term = TermName(termName) val combineClass = c.prefix.tree.tpe.baseClasses .find(cls => cls.asType.toType.decl(term) != NoSymbol) .getOrElse(error(s"the method `$termName` must be defined on the derivation $prefixObject to derive typeclasses for $category")) val firstParamBlock = combineClass.asType.toType.decl(term).asTerm.asMethod.paramLists.head if (firstParamBlock.lengthCompare(1) != 0) error(s"the method `$termName` should take a single parameter of type $expected") } checkMethod("combine", "case classes", "CaseClass[Typeclass, _]") // fullauto means we should directly infer everything, including external // members of the ADT, that isn't inferred by the compiler. // // semiauto means that we should directly derive only the sealed ADT but not // external members (i.e. things that are not a subtype of T). val fullauto = c.macroApplication.symbol.isImplicit val tSealed = weakTypeOf[T].typeSymbol.isClass && weakTypeOf[T].typeSymbol.asClass.isSealed def semiauto(s: Type): Boolean = tSealed && s <:< weakTypeOf[T] val expandDeferred = new Transformer { override def transform(tree: Tree) = tree match { case q"$magnolia.Deferred.apply[$_](${Literal(Constant(method: String))})" if magnolia.symbol == magnoliaPkg => q"${TermName(method)}" case _ => super.transform(tree) } } def deferredVal(name: TermName, tpe: Type, rhs: Tree): Tree = { val shouldBeLazy = rhs.exists { case q"$magnolia.Deferred.apply[$_]($_)" => magnolia.symbol == magnoliaPkg case tree => enclosingVals.contains(tree.symbol) } if (!fullauto || shouldBeLazy) q"lazy val $name: $tpe = $rhs" else q"val $name = $rhs" } def typeclassTree(genericType: Type, typeConstructor: Type, assignedName: TermName): Either[String, Tree] = { val searchType = appliedType(typeConstructor, genericType) val deferredRef = for (methodName <- stack find searchType) yield { val methodAsString = methodName.decodedName.toString q"$magnoliaPkg.Deferred.apply[$searchType]($methodAsString)" } deferredRef.fold { val path = ChainedImplicit(s"$prefixName.Typeclass", genericType.toString) val frame = stack.Frame(path, searchType, assignedName) stack.recurse(frame, searchType) { Option(c.inferImplicitValue(searchType)) .filterNot(_.isEmpty) .orElse { if (!fullauto && !semiauto(genericType)) None else directInferImplicit(genericType, typeConstructor) }.toRight { val (top, paths) = stack.trace val missingType = top.fold(searchType)(_.searchType) val typeClassName = s"${missingType.typeSymbol.name.decodedName}.Typeclass" val genericType = missingType.typeArgs.head val trace = paths.mkString(" in ", "\n in ", "\n") s"could not find $typeClassName for type $genericType\n$trace" } } } (Right(_)) } def directInferImplicit(genericType: Type, typeConstructor: Type): Option[Tree] = { val genericTypeName = genericType.typeSymbol.name.decodedName.toString.toLowerCase val assignedName = TermName(c.freshName(s"${genericTypeName}Typeclass")).encodedName.toTermName val typeSymbol = genericType.typeSymbol val classType = if (typeSymbol.isClass) Some(typeSymbol.asClass) else None val isCaseClass = classType.exists(_.isCaseClass) val isCaseObject = classType.exists(_.isModuleClass) val isSealedTrait = classType.exists(_.isSealed) val classAnnotationTrees = annotationsOf(typeSymbol) val primitives = Set(typeOf[Double], typeOf[Float], typeOf[Short], typeOf[Byte], typeOf[Int], typeOf[Long], typeOf[Char], typeOf[Boolean], typeOf[Unit]) val isValueClass = genericType <:< typeOf[AnyVal] && !primitives.exists(_ =:= genericType) val resultType = appliedType(typeConstructor, genericType) val typeName = TermName(c.freshName("typeName")) def typeNameRec(t: Type): Tree = { val ts = t.typeSymbol val typeArgNames = t.typeArgs.map(typeNameRec(_)) q"$magnoliaPkg.TypeName(${ts.owner.fullName}, ${ts.name.decodedName.toString}, $typeArgNames)" } val typeNameDef = q"val $typeName = ${typeNameRec(genericType)}" val result = if (isCaseObject) { val f = TypeName(c.freshName("F")) val impl = q""" $typeNameDef ${c.prefix}.combine(new $magnoliaPkg.CaseClass[$typeConstructor, $genericType]( $typeName, true, false, new $scalaPkg.Array(0), $scalaPkg.Array(..$classAnnotationTrees) ) { override def construct[Return](makeParam: _root_.magnolia.Param[$typeConstructor, $genericType] => Return): $genericType = ${genericType.typeSymbol.asClass.module} def constructMonadic[$f[_], Return](makeParam: _root_.magnolia.Param[$typeConstructor, $genericType] => $f[Return])(implicit monadic: _root_.mercator.Monadic[$f]): $f[$genericType] = monadic.point(${genericType.typeSymbol.asClass.module}) def rawConstruct(fieldValues: _root_.scala.Seq[_root_.scala.Any]): $genericType = ${genericType.typeSymbol.asClass.module} }) """ Some(impl) } else if (isCaseClass || isValueClass) { val companionRef = GlobalUtil.patchedCompanionRef(c)(genericType.dealias) val headParamList = { val primaryConstructor = classType map (_.primaryConstructor) val optList: Option[List[c.universe.Symbol]] = primaryConstructor flatMap (_.asMethod.typeSignature.paramLists.headOption) optList.map(_.map(_.asTerm)) } val caseClassParameters = genericType.decls.collect { case m: MethodSymbol if m.isCaseAccessor || (isValueClass && m.isParamAccessor) => m.asMethod } case class CaseParam(sym: MethodSymbol, repeated: Boolean, typeclass: Tree, paramType: Type, ref: TermName ) val caseParamsReversed = caseClassParameters.foldLeft[List[CaseParam]](Nil) { (acc, param) => val paramName = param.name.decodedName.toString val paramTypeSubstituted = param.typeSignatureIn(genericType).resultType val (repeated, paramType) = paramTypeSubstituted match { case TypeRef(_, `repeatedParamClass`, typeArgs) => true -> appliedType(scalaSeqType, typeArgs) case tpe => false -> tpe } acc .find(_.paramType =:= paramType) .fold { val path = ProductType(paramName, genericType.toString) val frame = stack.Frame(path, resultType, assignedName) val searchType = appliedType(typeConstructor, paramType) val ref = TermName(c.freshName("paramTypeclass")) val derivedImplicit = stack.recurse(frame, searchType) { typeclassTree(paramType, typeConstructor, ref) }.fold(error, identity) val assigned = deferredVal(ref, searchType, derivedImplicit) CaseParam(param, repeated, assigned, paramType, ref) :: acc } { backRef => CaseParam(param, repeated, q"()", paramType, backRef.ref) :: acc } } val caseParams = caseParamsReversed.reverse val paramsVal = TermName(c.freshName("parameters")) val preAssignments = caseParams.map(_.typeclass) val defaults = headParamList map { plist => // note: This causes the namer/typer to generate the synthetic default methods by forcing // the typeSignature of the "default" factory method to be visited. // It feels like it shouldn't be needed, but we'll get errors otherwise (as discovered after 6 hours debugging) val companionSym = companionRef.symbol.asModule.info val primaryFactoryMethod = companionSym.decl(TermName("apply")).alternatives.lastOption primaryFactoryMethod.foreach(_.asMethod.typeSignature) val indexedConstructorParams = plist.zipWithIndex indexedConstructorParams.map { case (p, idx) => if (p.isParamWithDefault) { val method = TermName("apply$default$" + (idx + 1)) q"$scalaPkg.Some($companionRef.$method)" } else q"$scalaPkg.None" } } getOrElse List(q"$scalaPkg.None") val annotations = headParamList.getOrElse(Nil).map(annotationsOf(_)) val assignments = caseParams.zip(defaults).zip(annotations).zipWithIndex.map { case (((CaseParam(param, repeated, _, paramType, ref), defaultVal), annList), idx) => val call = if(isValueClass) q"$magnoliaPkg.Magnolia.valueParam" else q"$magnoliaPkg.Magnolia.param" q"""$paramsVal($idx) = $call[$typeConstructor, $genericType, $paramType]( ${param.name.decodedName.toString}, ${if(!isValueClass) q"$idx" else q"(g: $genericType) => g.${param.name}: $paramType"}, $repeated, _root_.magnolia.CallByNeed($ref), _root_.magnolia.CallByNeed($defaultVal), $scalaPkg.Array(..$annList) )""" } val genericParams = caseParams.zipWithIndex.map { case (typeclass, idx) => val arg = q"makeParam($paramsVal($idx)).asInstanceOf[${typeclass.paramType}]" if(typeclass.repeated) q"$arg: _*" else arg } val rawGenericParams = caseParams.zipWithIndex.map { case (typeclass, idx) => val arg = q"fieldValues($idx).asInstanceOf[${typeclass.paramType}]" if(typeclass.repeated) q"$arg: _*" else arg } val f = TypeName(c.freshName("F")) val forParams = caseParams.zipWithIndex.map { case (typeclass, idx) => val part = TermName(s"p$idx") (if(typeclass.repeated) q"$part: _*" else q"$part", fq"$part <- new _root_.mercator.Ops(makeParam($paramsVal($idx)).asInstanceOf[$f[${typeclass.paramType}]])") } val constructMonadicImpl = if (forParams.isEmpty) q"monadic.point(new $genericType())" else q""" for( ..${forParams.map(_._2)} ) yield new $genericType(..${forParams.map(_._1)}) """ Some(q"""{ ..$preAssignments val $paramsVal: $scalaPkg.Array[$magnoliaPkg.Param[$typeConstructor, $genericType]] = new $scalaPkg.Array(${assignments.length}) ..$assignments $typeNameDef ${c.prefix}.combine(new $magnoliaPkg.CaseClass[$typeConstructor, $genericType]( $typeName, false, $isValueClass, $paramsVal, $scalaPkg.Array(..$classAnnotationTrees) ) { override def construct[Return](makeParam: _root_.magnolia.Param[$typeConstructor, $genericType] => Return): $genericType = new $genericType(..$genericParams) def constructMonadic[$f[_], Return](makeParam: _root_.magnolia.Param[$typeConstructor, $genericType] => $f[Return])(implicit monadic: _root_.mercator.Monadic[$f]):$f[$genericType] = { $constructMonadicImpl } def rawConstruct(fieldValues: _root_.scala.Seq[_root_.scala.Any]): $genericType = { $magnoliaPkg.Magnolia.checkParamLengths(fieldValues, $paramsVal.length, $typeName.full) new $genericType(..$rawGenericParams) } }) }""") } else if (isSealedTrait) { checkMethod("dispatch", "sealed traits", "SealedTrait[Typeclass, _]") val genericSubtypes = knownSubclasses(classType.get) val subtypes = genericSubtypes.map { sub => val subType = sub.asType.toType // FIXME: Broken for path dependent types val typeParams = sub.asType.typeParams val typeArgs = thisType(sub).baseType(genericType.typeSymbol).typeArgs val mapping = (typeArgs.map(_.typeSymbol), genericType.typeArgs).zipped.toMap val newTypeArgs = typeParams.map(mapping.withDefault(_.asType.toType)) val applied = appliedType(subType.typeConstructor, newTypeArgs) existentialAbstraction(typeParams, applied) } if (subtypes.isEmpty) { error(s"could not find any direct subtypes of $typeSymbol") } val subtypesVal: TermName = TermName(c.freshName("subtypes")) val typeclasses = for (subType <- subtypes) yield { val path = CoproductType(genericType.toString) val frame = stack.Frame(path, resultType, assignedName) subType -> stack.recurse(frame, appliedType(typeConstructor, subType)) { typeclassTree(subType, typeConstructor, termNames.ERROR) }.fold(error, identity) } val assignments = typeclasses.zipWithIndex.map { case ((typ, typeclass), idx) => q"""$subtypesVal($idx) = $magnoliaPkg.Magnolia.subtype[$typeConstructor, $genericType, $typ]( ${typeNameRec(typ)}, $idx, $scalaPkg.Array(..${annotationsOf(typ.typeSymbol)}), _root_.magnolia.CallByNeed($typeclass), (t: $genericType) => t.isInstanceOf[$typ], (t: $genericType) => t.asInstanceOf[$typ] )""" } Some(q"""{ val $subtypesVal: $scalaPkg.Array[$magnoliaPkg.Subtype[$typeConstructor, $genericType]] = new $scalaPkg.Array(${assignments.size}) ..$assignments $typeNameDef ${c.prefix}.dispatch(new $magnoliaPkg.SealedTrait( $typeName, $subtypesVal: $scalaPkg.Array[$magnoliaPkg.Subtype[$typeConstructor, $genericType]], $scalaPkg.Array(..$classAnnotationTrees) )): $resultType }""") } else if (!typeSymbol.isParameter) { c.prefix.tree.tpe.baseClasses .find { cls => cls.asType.toType.decl(TermName("fallback")) != NoSymbol }.map { _ => c.warning(c.enclosingPosition, s"magnolia: using fallback derivation for $genericType") q"""${c.prefix}.fallback[$genericType]""" } } else None for (term <- result) yield q"""{ ${deferredVal(assignedName, resultType, term)} $assignedName }""" } val genericType: Type = weakTypeOf[T] val searchType = appliedType(typeConstructor, genericType) val directlyReentrant = stack.top.exists(_.searchType =:= searchType) if (directlyReentrant) throw DirectlyReentrantException() val result = stack .find(searchType) .map(enclosingRef => q"$magnoliaPkg.Deferred[$searchType](${enclosingRef.toString})") .orElse(directInferImplicit(genericType, typeConstructor)) for (tree <- result) if (debug.isDefined && genericType.toString.contains(debug.get)) { c.echo(c.enclosingPosition, s"Magnolia macro expansion for $genericType") c.echo(NoPosition, s"... = ${showCode(tree)}\n\n") } val dereferencedResult = if (stack.nonEmpty) result else for (tree <- result) yield c.untypecheck(expandDeferred.transform(tree)) dereferencedResult.getOrElse { error(s"could not infer $prefixName.Typeclass for type $genericType") } } /** constructs a new [[Subtype]] instance * * This method is intended to be called only from code generated by the Magnolia macro, and * should not be called directly from users' code. */ def subtype[Tc[_], T, S <: T](name: TypeName, idx: Int, anns: Array[Any], tc: CallByNeed[Tc[S]], isType: T => Boolean, asType: T => S): Subtype[Tc, T] = new Subtype[Tc, T] with PartialFunction[T, S] { type SType = S def typeName: TypeName = name def index: Int = idx def typeclass: Tc[SType] = tc.value def cast: PartialFunction[T, SType] = this def isDefinedAt(t: T) = isType(t) def apply(t: T): SType = asType(t) def annotationsArray: Array[Any] = anns override def toString: String = s"Subtype(${typeName.full})" } /** constructs a new [[Param]] instance * * This method is intended to be called only from code generated by the Magnolia macro, and * should not be called directly from users' code. */ def param[Tc[_], T, P](name: String, idx: Int, isRepeated: Boolean, typeclassParam: CallByNeed[Tc[P]], defaultVal: CallByNeed[Option[P]], annotationsArrayParam: Array[Any] ): Param[Tc, T] = new Param[Tc, T] { type PType = P def label: String = name def index: Int = idx def repeated: Boolean = isRepeated def default: Option[PType] = defaultVal.value def typeclass: Tc[PType] = typeclassParam.value def dereference(t: T): PType = t.asInstanceOf[Product].productElement(idx).asInstanceOf[PType] def annotationsArray: Array[Any] = annotationsArrayParam } def valueParam[Tc[_], T, P](name: String, deref: T => P, isRepeated: Boolean, typeclassParam: CallByNeed[Tc[P]], defaultVal: CallByNeed[Option[P]], annotationsArrayParam: Array[Any] ): Param[Tc, T] = new Param[Tc, T] { type PType = P def label: String = name def index: Int = 0 def repeated: Boolean = isRepeated def default: Option[PType] = defaultVal.value def typeclass: Tc[PType] = typeclassParam.value def dereference(t: T): PType = deref(t) def annotationsArray: Array[Any] = annotationsArrayParam } final def checkParamLengths(fieldValues: Seq[Any], paramsLength: Int, typeName: String): Unit = if (fieldValues.lengthCompare(paramsLength) != 0) { val msg = "`" + typeName + "` has " + paramsLength + " fields, not " + fieldValues.size throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(msg) } } private[magnolia] final case class DirectlyReentrantException() extends Exception("attempt to recurse directly") @compileTimeOnly("magnolia.Deferred is used for derivation of recursive typeclasses") object Deferred { def apply[T](method: String): T = ??? } private[magnolia] object CompileTimeState { sealed abstract class TypePath(path: String) { override def toString: String = path } final case class CoproductType(typeName: String) extends TypePath(s"coproduct type $typeName") final case class ProductType(paramName: String, typeName: String) extends TypePath(s"parameter '$paramName' of product type $typeName") final case class ChainedImplicit(typeClassName: String, typeName: String) extends TypePath(s"chained implicit $typeClassName for type $typeName") final class Stack[C <: whitebox.Context with Singleton] { private var frames = List.empty[Frame] private var errors = List.empty[Frame] private val cache = mutable.Map.empty[C#Type, C#Tree] def isEmpty: Boolean = frames.isEmpty def nonEmpty: Boolean = frames.nonEmpty def top: Option[Frame] = frames.headOption def pop(): Unit = frames = frames drop 1 def push(frame: Frame): Unit = frames ::= frame def clear(): Unit = { frames = Nil errors = Nil cache.clear() } def find(searchType: C#Type): Option[C#TermName] = frames.collectFirst { case Frame(_, tpe, term) if tpe =:= searchType => term } def recurse[T <: C#Tree](frame: Frame, searchType: C#Type)(fn: => Either[String, C#Tree]): Either[String, C#Tree] = { push(frame) val cached = cache.get(searchType) val result = cached.fold(fn)(Right(_)) if (cached.isEmpty) result.fold(_ => errors ::= frame, cache(searchType) = _) if (result.isRight) errors = Nil pop() result } def trace: (Option[Frame], List[TypePath]) = { val allFrames = errors reverse_::: frames val trace = (allFrames.drop(1), allFrames).zipped.collect { case (Frame(path, tp1, _), Frame(_, tp2, _)) if !(tp1 =:= tp2) => path }.toList (allFrames.headOption, trace) } override def toString: String = frames.mkString("magnolia stack:\n", "\n", "\n") case class Frame(path: TypePath, searchType: C#Type, term: C#TermName) } object Stack { // Cheating to satisfy Singleton bound (which improves type inference). private val dummyContext: whitebox.Context = null private val global = new Stack[dummyContext.type] private val workSet = mutable.Set.empty[whitebox.Context#Symbol] def withContext(c: whitebox.Context)(fn: Stack[c.type] => c.Tree): c.Tree = { workSet += c.macroApplication.symbol val depth = c.enclosingMacros.count(m => workSet(m.macroApplication.symbol)) try fn(global.asInstanceOf[Stack[c.type]]) finally if (depth <= 1) { global.clear() workSet.clear() } } } } object CallByNeed { def apply[A](a: => A): CallByNeed[A] = new CallByNeed(() => a) } final class CallByNeed[+A](private[this] var eval: () => A) extends Serializable { lazy val value: A = { val result = eval() eval = null result } }




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