Download JAR files tagged by before with all dependencies

Pact provider ============= sub project of https://github.com/DiUS/pact-jvm The pact provider is responsible for verifying that an API provider adheres to a number of pacts authored by its clients This library provides the basic tools required to automate the process, and should be usable on its own in many instances. Framework and build tool specific bindings will be provided in separate libraries that build on top of this core functionality. ### Provider State Before each interaction is executed, the provider under test will have the opportunity to enter a state. Generally the state maps to a set of fixture data for mocking out services that the provider is a consumer of (they will have their own pacts) The pact framework will instruct the test server to enter that state by sending: POST "${config.stateChangeUrl.url}/setup" { "state" : "${interaction.stateName}" } ### An example of running provider verification with junit This example uses Groovy, JUnit 4 and Hamcrest matchers to run the provider verification. As the provider service is a DropWizard application, it uses the DropwizardAppRule to startup the service before running any test. **Warning:** It only grabs the first interaction from the pact file with the consumer, where there could be many. (This could possibly be solved with a parameterized test) ```groovy class ReadmeExamplePactJVMProviderJUnitTest { @ClassRule public static TestRule startServiceRule = new DropwizardAppRule<DropwizardConfiguration>( TestDropwizardApplication.class, ResourceHelpers.resourceFilePath("dropwizard/test-config.yaml")) private static ProviderInfo serviceProvider private static Pact<RequestResponseInteraction> testConsumerPact private static ConsumerInfo consumer @BeforeClass static void setupProvider() { serviceProvider = new ProviderInfo("Dropwizard App") serviceProvider.setProtocol("http") serviceProvider.setHost("localhost") serviceProvider.setPort(8080) serviceProvider.setPath("/") consumer = new ConsumerInfo() consumer.setName("test_consumer") consumer.setPactSource(new UrlSource( ReadmeExamplePactJVMProviderJUnitTest.getResource("/pacts/zoo_app-animal_service.json").toString())) testConsumerPact = PactReader.loadPact(consumer.getPactSource()) as Pact<RequestResponseInteraction> } @Test void runConsumerPacts() { // grab the first interaction from the pact with consumer Interaction interaction = testConsumerPact.interactions.get(0) // setup the verifier ProviderVerifier verifier = setupVerifier(interaction, serviceProvider, consumer) // setup any provider state // setup the client and interaction to fire against the provider ProviderClient client = new ProviderClient(serviceProvider, new HttpClientFactory()) Map<String, Object> failures = new HashMap<>() verifier.verifyResponseFromProvider(serviceProvider, interaction, interaction.getDescription(), failures, client) if (!failures.isEmpty()) { verifier.displayFailures(failures) } // Assert all good assertThat(failures, is(empty())) } private ProviderVerifier setupVerifier(Interaction interaction, ProviderInfo provider, ConsumerInfo consumer) { ProviderVerifier verifier = new ProviderVerifier() verifier.initialiseReporters(provider) verifier.reportVerificationForConsumer(consumer, provider) if (!interaction.getProviderStates().isEmpty()) { for (ProviderState providerState: interaction.getProviderStates()) { verifier.reportStateForInteraction(providerState.getName(), provider, consumer, true) } } verifier.reportInteractionDescription(interaction) return verifier } } ``` ### An example of running provider verification with spock This example uses groovy and spock to run the provider verification. Again the provider service is a DropWizard application, and is using the DropwizardAppRule to startup the service. This example runs all interactions using spocks Unroll feature ```groovy class ReadmeExamplePactJVMProviderSpockSpec extends Specification { @ClassRule @Shared TestRule startServiceRule = new DropwizardAppRule<DropwizardConfiguration>(TestDropwizardApplication, ResourceHelpers.resourceFilePath('dropwizard/test-config.yaml')) @Shared ProviderInfo serviceProvider ProviderVerifier verifier def setupSpec() { serviceProvider = new ProviderInfo('Dropwizard App') serviceProvider.protocol = 'http' serviceProvider.host = 'localhost' serviceProvider.port = 8080 serviceProvider.path = '/' serviceProvider.hasPactWith('zoo_app') { pactSource = new FileSource(new File(ResourceHelpers.resourceFilePath('pacts/zoo_app-animal_service.json'))) } } def setup() { verifier = new ProviderVerifier() } def cleanup() { // cleanup provider state // ie. db.truncateAllTables() } def cleanupSpec() { // cleanup provider } @Unroll def "Provider Pact - With Consumer #consumer"() { expect: verifyConsumerPact(consumer).empty where: consumer << serviceProvider.consumers } private Map verifyConsumerPact(ConsumerInfo consumer) { Map failures = [:] verifier.initialiseReporters(serviceProvider) verifier.runVerificationForConsumer(failures, serviceProvider, consumer) if (!failures.empty) { verifier.displayFailures(failures) } failures } } ```

# Pact Spring/JUnit runner ## Overview Library provides ability to play contract tests against a provider using Spring & JUnit. This library is based on and references the JUnit package, so see [junit provider support](pact-jvm-provider-junit) for more details regarding configuration using JUnit. Supports: - Standard ways to load pacts from folders and broker - Easy way to change assertion strategy - Spring Test MockMVC Controllers and ControllerAdvice using MockMvc standalone setup. - MockMvc debugger output - Multiple @State runs to test a particular Provider State multiple times - **au.com.dius.pact.provider.junit.State** custom annotation - before each interaction that requires a state change, all methods annotated by `@State` with appropriate the state listed will be invoked. **NOTE:** For publishing provider verification results to a pact broker, make sure the Java system property `pact.provider.version` is set with the version of your provider. ## Example of MockMvc test ```java @RunWith(RestPactRunner.class) // Custom pact runner, child of PactRunner which runs only REST tests @Provider("myAwesomeService") // Set up name of tested provider @PactFolder("pacts") // Point where to find pacts (See also section Pacts source in documentation) public class ContractTest { //Create an instance of your controller. We cannot autowire this as we're not using (and don't want to use) a Spring test runner. @InjectMocks private AwesomeController awesomeController = new AwesomeController(); //Mock your service logic class. We'll use this to create scenarios for respective provider states. @Mock private AwesomeBusinessLogic awesomeBusinessLogic; //Create an instance of your controller advice (if you have one). This will be passed to the MockMvcTarget constructor to be wired up with MockMvc. @InjectMocks private AwesomeControllerAdvice awesomeControllerAdvice = new AwesomeControllerAdvice(); //Create a new instance of the MockMvcTarget and annotate it as the TestTarget for PactRunner @TestTarget public final MockMvcTarget target = new MockMvcTarget(); @Before //Method will be run before each test of interaction public void before() { //initialize your mocks using your mocking framework MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); //configure the MockMvcTarget with your controller and controller advice target.setControllers(awesomeController); target.setControllerAdvice(awesomeControllerAdvice); } @State("default", "no-data") // Method will be run before testing interactions that require "default" or "no-data" state public void toDefaultState() { target.setRunTimes(3); //let's loop through this state a few times for a 3 data variants when(awesomeBusinessLogic.getById(any(UUID.class))) .thenReturn(myTestHelper.generateRandomReturnData(UUID.randomUUID(), ExampleEnum.ONE)) .thenReturn(myTestHelper.generateRandomReturnData(UUID.randomUUID(), ExampleEnum.TWO)) .thenReturn(myTestHelper.generateRandomReturnData(UUID.randomUUID(), ExampleEnum.THREE)); } @State("error-case") public void SingleUploadExistsState_Success() { target.setRunTimes(1); //tell the runner to only loop one time for this state //you might want to throw exceptions to be picked off by your controller advice when(awesomeBusinessLogic.getById(any(UUID.class))) .then(i -> { throw new NotCoolException(i.getArgumentAt(0, UUID.class).toString()); }); } } ``` ## Using a Spring runner (version 3.5.7+) You can use `SpringRestPactRunner` instead of the default Pact runner to use the Spring test annotations. This will allow you to inject or mock spring beans. For example: ```java @RunWith(SpringRestPactRunner.class) @Provider("pricing") @PactBroker(protocol = "https", host = "${pactBrokerHost}", port = "443", authentication = @PactBrokerAuth(username = "${pactBrokerUser}", password = "${pactBrokerPassword}")) @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT) public class PricingServiceProviderPactTest { @MockBean private ProductClient productClient; // This will replace the bean with a mock in the application context @TestTarget @SuppressWarnings(value = "VisibilityModifier") public final Target target = new HttpTarget(8091); @State("Product X010000021 exists") public void setupProductX010000021() throws IOException { reset(productClient); ProductBuilder product = new ProductBuilder() .withProductCode("X010000021"); when(productClient.fetch((Set<String>) argThat(contains("X010000021")), any())).thenReturn(product); } @State("the product code X00001 can be priced") public void theProductCodeX00001CanBePriced() throws IOException { reset(productClient); ProductBuilder product = new ProductBuilder() .withProductCode("X00001"); when(productClient.find((Set<String>) argThat(contains("X00001")), any())).thenReturn(product); } } ``` ### Using Spring Context Properties (version 3.5.14+) From version 3.5.14 onwards, the SpringRestPactRunner will look up any annotation expressions (like `${pactBrokerHost}`) above) from the Spring context. For Springboot, this will allow you to define the properties in the application test properties. For instance, if you create the following `application.yml` in the test resources: ```yaml pactbroker: host: "your.broker.local" port: "443" protocol: "https" auth: username: "<your broker username>" password: "<your broker password>" ``` Then you can use the defaults on the `@PactBroker` annotation. ```java @RunWith(SpringRestPactRunner.class) @Provider("My Service") @PactBroker( authentication = @PactBrokerAuth(username = "${pactbroker.auth.username}", password = "${pactbroker.auth.password}") ) @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class PactVerificationTest { ``` ### Using a random port with a Springboot test (version 3.5.14+) If you use a random port in a springboot test (by setting `SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT`), you can use the `SpringBootHttpTarget` which will get the application port from the spring application context. For example: ```java @RunWith(SpringRestPactRunner.class) @Provider("My Service") @PactBroker @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class PactVerificationTest { @TestTarget public final Target target = new SpringBootHttpTarget(); } ```

Pact provider ============= sub project of https://github.com/DiUS/pact-jvm The pact provider is responsible for verifying that an API provider adheres to a number of pacts authored by its clients This library provides the basic tools required to automate the process, and should be usable on its own in many instances. Framework and build tool specific bindings will be provided in separate libraries that build on top of this core functionality. ### Running Pacts Main takes 2 arguments: The first is the root folder of your pact files (all .json files in root and subfolders are assumed to be pacts) The second is the location of your pact config json file. ### Pact config The pact config is a simple mapping of provider names to endpoint url's paths will be appended to endpoint url's when interactions are attempted for an example see: https://github.com/DiUS/pact-jvm/blob/master/pact-jvm-provider/src/test/resources/pact-config.json ### Provider State Before each interaction is executed, the provider under test will have the opportunity to enter a state. Generally the state maps to a set of fixture data for mocking out services that the provider is a consumer of (they will have their own pacts) The pact framework will instruct the test server to enter that state by sending: POST "${config.stateChangeUrl.url}/setup" { "state" : "${interaction.stateName}" } ### An example of running provider verification with junit This example uses java, junit and hamcrest matchers to run the provider verification. As the provider service is a DropWizard application, it uses the DropwizardAppRule to startup the service before running any test. Warning: It only grabs the first interaction from the pact file with the consumer, where there could be many. (This could possibly be solved with a parameterized test) ```java public class PactJVMProviderJUnitTest { @ClassRule public static TestRule startServiceRule = new DropwizardAppRule<DropwizardAppConfig>(DropwizardApp.class, "config.yml"); private static ProviderInfo serviceProvider; private static Pact testConsumerPact; @BeforeClass public static void setupProvider() { serviceProvider = new ProviderInfo("Dropwizard App"); serviceProvider.setProtocol("http"); serviceProvider.setHost("localhost"); serviceProvider.setPort(8080); serviceProvider.setPath("/"); ConsumerInfo consumer = new ConsumerInfo(); consumer.setName("test_consumer"); consumer.setPactFile(new File("target/pacts/ping_client-ping_service.json")); // serviceProvider.getConsumers().add(consumer); testConsumerPact = (Pact) new PactReader().loadPact(consumer.getPactFile()); } @Test @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void runConsumerPacts() { //grab the first interaction from the pact with consumer List<Interaction> interactions = scala.collection.JavaConversions.seqAsJavaList(testConsumerPact.interactions()); Interaction interaction1 = interactions.get(0); //setup any provider state //setup the client and interaction to fire against the provider ProviderClient client = new ProviderClient(); client.setProvider(serviceProvider); client.setRequest(interaction1.request()); Map<String, Object> clientResponse = (Map<String, Object>) client.makeRequest(); Map<String, Object> result = (Map<String, Object>) ResponseComparison.compareResponse(interaction1.response(), clientResponse, (int) clientResponse.get("statusCode"), (Map) clientResponse.get("headers"), (String) clientResponse.get("data")); //assert all good assertThat(result.get("method"), is(true)); // method type matches Map headers = (Map) result.get("headers"); //headers match headers.forEach( (k, v) -> assertThat(format("Header: [%s] does not match", k), v, org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo(true)) ); assertThat((Collection<Object>)((Map)result.get("body")).values(), org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasSize(0)); // empty list of body mismatches } } ``` ### An example of running provider verification with spock This example uses groovy and spock to run the provider verification. Again the provider service is a DropWizard application, and is using the DropwizardAppRule to startup the service. This example runs all interactions using spocks Unroll feature ```groovy class PactJVMProviderSpockSpec extends Specification { @ClassRule @Shared TestRule startServiceRule = new DropwizardAppRule<DropwizardAppConfig>(DropwizardApp.class, "config.yml"); @Shared ProviderInfo serviceProvider @Shared Pact testConsumerPact def setupSpec() { serviceProvider = new ProviderInfo("Dropwizard App") serviceProvider.protocol = "http" serviceProvider.host = "localhost" serviceProvider.port = 8080; serviceProvider.path = "/" def consumer = serviceProvider.hasPactWith("ping_consumer", { pactFile = new File('target/pacts/ping_client-ping_service.json') }) testConsumerPact = (Pact) new PactReader().loadPact(consumer.getPactFile()); } def cleanup() { //cleanup provider state //ie. db.truncateAllTables() } def cleanupSpec() { //cleanup provider } @Unroll def "Provider Pact - With Consumer"() { given: //setup provider state // ie. db.setupRecords() // serviceProvider.requestFilter = { req -> // req.addHeader('Authorization', token) // } when: ProviderClient client = new ProviderClient(provider: serviceProvider, request: interaction.request()) Map clientResponse = (Map) client.makeRequest() Map result = (Map) ResponseComparison.compareResponse(interaction.response(), clientResponse, clientResponse.statusCode, clientResponse.headers, clientResponse.data) then: // method matches result.method == true // headers all match, spock needs the size checked before // asserting each result if (result.headers.size() > 0) { result.headers.each() { k, v -> assert v == true } } // empty list of body mismatches result.body.size() == 0 where: interaction << scala.collection.JavaConversions.seqAsJavaList(testConsumerPact.interactions()) } } ```

# Leiningen plugin to verify a provider [version 2.2.14+, 3.0.3+] Leiningen plugin for verifying pacts against a provider. The plugin provides a `pact-verify` task which will verify all configured pacts against your provider. ## To Use It ### 1. Add the plugin to your project plugins, preferably in it's own profile. ```clojure :profiles { :pact { :plugins [[au.com.dius/pact-jvm-provider-lein_2.11 "3.2.11" :exclusions [commons-logging]]] :dependencies [[ch.qos.logback/logback-core "1.1.3"] [ch.qos.logback/logback-classic "1.1.3"] [org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient "4.4.1"]] }}} ``` ### 2. Define the pacts between your consumers and providers You define all the providers and consumers within the `:pact` configuration element of your project. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { ; You can define as many as you need, but each must have a unique name :provider1 { ; All the provider properties are optional, and have sensible defaults (shown below) :protocol "http" :host "localhost" :port 8080 :path "/" :has-pact-with { ; Again, you can define as many consumers for each provider as you need, but each must have a unique name :consumer1 { ; pact file can be either a path or an URL :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ### 3. Execute `lein with-profile pact pact-verify` You will have to have your provider running for this to pass. ## Enabling insecure SSL For providers that are running on SSL with self-signed certificates, you need to enable insecure SSL mode by setting `:insecure true` on the provider. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :insecure true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ## Specifying a custom trust store For environments that are running their own certificate chains: ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :trust-store "relative/path/to/trustStore.jks" :trust-store-password "changeme" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` `:trust-store` is relative to the current working (build) directory. `:trust-store-password` defaults to `changeit`. NOTE: The hostname will still be verified against the certificate. ## Modifying the requests before they are sent Sometimes you may need to add things to the requests that can't be persisted in a pact file. Examples of these would be authentication tokens, which have a small life span. The Leiningen plugin provides a request filter that can be set to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. This function will receive the HttpRequest object as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { ; function that adds an Authorization header to each request :request-filter #(.addHeader % "Authorization" "oauth-token eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIm...") :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` __*Important Note:*__ You should only use this feature for things that can not be persisted in the pact file. By modifying the request, you are potentially modifying the contract from the consumer tests! ## Modifying the HTTP Client Used The default HTTP client is used for all requests to providers (created with a call to `HttpClients.createDefault()`). This can be changed by specifying a function assigned to `:create-client` on the provider that returns a `CloseableHttpClient`. The function will receive the provider info as a parameter. ## Turning off URL decoding of the paths in the pact file [version 3.3.3+] By default the paths loaded from the pact file will be decoded before the request is sent to the provider. To turn this behaviour off, set the system property `pact.verifier.disableUrlPathDecoding` to `true`. __*Important Note:*__ If you turn off the url path decoding, you need to ensure that the paths in the pact files are correctly encoded. The verifier will not be able to make a request with an invalid encoded path. ## Plugin Properties The following plugin options can be specified on the command line: |Property|Description| |--------|-----------| |:pact.showStacktrace|This turns on stacktrace printing for each request. It can help with diagnosing network errors| |:pact.showFullDiff|This turns on displaying the full diff of the expected versus actual bodies [version 3.3.6+]| |:pact.filter.consumers|Comma seperated list of consumer names to verify| |:pact.filter.description|Only verify interactions whose description match the provided regular expression| |:pact.filter.providerState|Only verify interactions whose provider state match the provided regular expression. An empty string matches interactions that have no state| |:pact.verifier.publishResults|Publishing of verification results will be skipped unless this property is set to 'true' [version 3.5.18+]| |:pact.matching.wildcard|Enables matching of map values ignoring the keys when this property is set to 'true'| Example, to run verification only for a particular consumer: ``` $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify :pact.filter.consumers=:consumer2 ``` ## Provider States For each provider you can specify a state change URL to use to switch the state of the provider. This URL will receive the `providerState` description from the pact file before each interaction via a POST. The `:state-change-uses-body` controls if the state is passed in the request body or as a query parameter. These values can be set at the provider level, or for a specific consumer. Consumer values take precedent if both are given. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :state-change-url "http://localhost:8080/tasks/pactStateChange" :state-change-uses-body false ; defaults to true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` If the `:state-change-uses-body` is not specified, or is set to true, then the provider state description will be sent as JSON in the body of the request. If it is set to false, it will passed as a query parameter. As for normal requests (see Modifying the requests before they are sent), a state change request can be modified before it is sent. Set `:state-change-request-filter` to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. #### Returning values that can be injected (3.6.11+) You can have values from the provider state callbacks be injected into most places (paths, query parameters, headers, bodies, etc.). This works by using the V3 spec generators with provider state callbacks that return values. One example of where this would be useful is API calls that require an ID which would be auto-generated by the database on the provider side, so there is no way to know what the ID would be beforehand. There are methods on the consumer DSLs that can provider an expression that contains variables (like '/api/user/${id}' for the path). The provider state callback can then return a map for values, and the `id` attribute from the map will be expanded in the expression. For URL callbacks, the values need to be returned as JSON in the response body. ## Filtering the interactions that are verified You can filter the interactions that are run using three properties: `:pact.filter.consumers`, `:pact.filter.description` and `:pact.filter.providerState`. Adding `:pact.filter.consumers=:consumer1,:consumer2` to the command line will only run the pact files for those consumers (consumer1 and consumer2). Adding `:pact.filter.description=a request for payment.*` will only run those interactions whose descriptions start with 'a request for payment'. `:pact.filter.providerState=.*payment` will match any interaction that has a provider state that ends with payment, and `:pact.filter.providerState=` will match any interaction that does not have a provider state. ## Starting and shutting down your provider For the pact verification to run, the provider needs to be running. Leiningen provides a `do` task that can chain tasks together. So, by creating a `start-app` and `terminate-app` alias, you could so something like: $ lein with-profile pact do start-app, pact-verify, terminate-app However, if the pact verification fails the build will abort without running the `terminate-app` task. To have the start and terminate tasks always run regardless of the state of the verification, you can assign them to `:start-provider-task` and `:terminate-provider-task` on the provider. ```clojure :aliases {"start-app" ^{:doc "Starts the app"} ["tasks to start app ..."] ; insert tasks to start the app here "terminate-app" ^{:doc "Kills the app"} ["tasks to terminate app ..."] ; insert tasks to stop the app here } :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :start-provider-task "start-app" :terminate-provider-task "terminate-app" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` Then you can just run: $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify and the `start-app` and `terminate-app` tasks will run before and after the provider verification. ## Specifying the provider hostname at runtime [3.0.4+] If you need to calculate the provider hostname at runtime (for instance it is run as a new docker container or AWS instance), you can give an anonymous function as the provider host that returns the host name. The function will receive the provider information as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :host #(calculate-host-name %) :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ```

# Pact Spring/JUnit runner ## Overview Library provides ability to play contract tests against a provider using Spring & JUnit. This library is based on and references the JUnit package, so see the [Pact JUnit 4](../pact-jvm-provider-junit) or [Pact JUnit 5](../pact-jvm-provider-junit5) providers for more details regarding configuration using JUnit. Supports: - Standard ways to load pacts from folders and broker - Easy way to change assertion strategy - Spring Test MockMVC Controllers and ControllerAdvice using MockMvc standalone setup. - MockMvc debugger output - Multiple @State runs to test a particular Provider State multiple times - **au.com.dius.pact.provider.junit.State** custom annotation - before each interaction that requires a state change, all methods annotated by `@State` with appropriate the state listed will be invoked. **NOTE:** For publishing provider verification results to a pact broker, make sure the Java system property `pact.provider.version` is set with the version of your provider. ## Example of MockMvc test ```java @RunWith(RestPactRunner.class) // Custom pact runner, child of PactRunner which runs only REST tests @Provider("myAwesomeService") // Set up name of tested provider @PactFolder("pacts") // Point where to find pacts (See also section Pacts source in documentation) public class ContractTest { //Create an instance of your controller. We cannot autowire this as we're not using (and don't want to use) a Spring test runner. @InjectMocks private AwesomeController awesomeController = new AwesomeController(); //Mock your service logic class. We'll use this to create scenarios for respective provider states. @Mock private AwesomeBusinessLogic awesomeBusinessLogic; //Create an instance of your controller advice (if you have one). This will be passed to the MockMvcTarget constructor to be wired up with MockMvc. @InjectMocks private AwesomeControllerAdvice awesomeControllerAdvice = new AwesomeControllerAdvice(); //Create a new instance of the MockMvcTarget and annotate it as the TestTarget for PactRunner @TestTarget public final MockMvcTarget target = new MockMvcTarget(); @Before //Method will be run before each test of interaction public void before() { //initialize your mocks using your mocking framework MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); //configure the MockMvcTarget with your controller and controller advice target.setControllers(awesomeController); target.setControllerAdvice(awesomeControllerAdvice); } @State("default", "no-data") // Method will be run before testing interactions that require "default" or "no-data" state public void toDefaultState() { target.setRunTimes(3); //let's loop through this state a few times for a 3 data variants when(awesomeBusinessLogic.getById(any(UUID.class))) .thenReturn(myTestHelper.generateRandomReturnData(UUID.randomUUID(), ExampleEnum.ONE)) .thenReturn(myTestHelper.generateRandomReturnData(UUID.randomUUID(), ExampleEnum.TWO)) .thenReturn(myTestHelper.generateRandomReturnData(UUID.randomUUID(), ExampleEnum.THREE)); } @State("error-case") public void SingleUploadExistsState_Success() { target.setRunTimes(1); //tell the runner to only loop one time for this state //you might want to throw exceptions to be picked off by your controller advice when(awesomeBusinessLogic.getById(any(UUID.class))) .then(i -> { throw new NotCoolException(i.getArgumentAt(0, UUID.class).toString()); }); } } ``` ## Using Spring runners You can use `SpringRestPactRunner` or `SpringMessagePactRunner` instead of the default Pact runner to use the Spring test annotations. This will allow you to inject or mock spring beans. `SpringRestPactRunner` is for restful webapps and `SpringMessagePactRunner` is for async message tests. For example: ```java @RunWith(SpringRestPactRunner.class) @Provider("pricing") @PactBroker(protocol = "https", host = "${pactBrokerHost}", port = "443", authentication = @PactBrokerAuth(username = "${pactBrokerUser}", password = "${pactBrokerPassword}")) @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT) public class PricingServiceProviderPactTest { @MockBean private ProductClient productClient; // This will replace the bean with a mock in the application context @TestTarget @SuppressWarnings(value = "VisibilityModifier") public final Target target = new HttpTarget(8091); @State("Product X010000021 exists") public void setupProductX010000021() throws IOException { reset(productClient); ProductBuilder product = new ProductBuilder() .withProductCode("X010000021"); when(productClient.fetch((Set<String>) argThat(contains("X010000021")), any())).thenReturn(product); } @State("the product code X00001 can be priced") public void theProductCodeX00001CanBePriced() throws IOException { reset(productClient); ProductBuilder product = new ProductBuilder() .withProductCode("X00001"); when(productClient.find((Set<String>) argThat(contains("X00001")), any())).thenReturn(product); } } ``` ### Using Spring Context Properties The SpringRestPactRunner will look up any annotation expressions (like `${pactBrokerHost}`) above) from the Spring context. For Springboot, this will allow you to define the properties in the application test properties. For instance, if you create the following `application.yml` in the test resources: ```yaml pactbroker: host: "your.broker.local" port: "443" protocol: "https" auth: username: "<your broker username>" password: "<your broker password>" ``` Then you can use the defaults on the `@PactBroker` annotation. ```java @RunWith(SpringRestPactRunner.class) @Provider("My Service") @PactBroker( authentication = @PactBrokerAuth(username = "${pactbroker.auth.username}", password = "${pactbroker.auth.password}") ) @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class PactVerificationTest { ``` ### Using a random port with a Springboot test If you use a random port in a springboot test (by setting `SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT`), you need to set it to the `TestTarget`. How this works is different for JUnit4 and JUnit5. #### JUnit4 You can use the `SpringBootHttpTarget` which will get the application port from the spring application context. For example: ```java @RunWith(SpringRestPactRunner.class) @Provider("My Service") @PactBroker @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class PactVerificationTest { @TestTarget public final Target target = new SpringBootHttpTarget(); } ``` #### JUnit5 You actually don't need to dependend on `pact-jvm-provider-spring` for this. It's sufficient to depend on `pact-jvm-provider-junit5`. You can set the port to the `HttpTestTarget` object in the before method. ```java @Provider("My Service") @PactBroker @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class PactVerificationTest { @LocalServerPort private int port; @BeforeEach void before(PactVerificationContext context) { context.setTarget(new HttpTestTarget("localhost", port)); } } ```

# Leiningen plugin to verify a provider Leiningen plugin for verifying pacts against a provider. The plugin provides a `pact-verify` task which will verify all configured pacts against your provider. ## To Use It ### 1. Add the plugin to your project plugins, preferably in it's own profile. ```clojure :profiles { :pact { :plugins [[au.com.dius/pact-jvm-provider-lein "4.0.0" :exclusions [commons-logging]]] :dependencies [[ch.qos.logback/logback-core "1.1.3"] [ch.qos.logback/logback-classic "1.1.3"] [org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient "4.4.1"]] }}} ``` ### 2. Define the pacts between your consumers and providers You define all the providers and consumers within the `:pact` configuration element of your project. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { ; You can define as many as you need, but each must have a unique name :provider1 { ; All the provider properties are optional, and have sensible defaults (shown below) :protocol "http" :host "localhost" :port 8080 :path "/" :has-pact-with { ; Again, you can define as many consumers for each provider as you need, but each must have a unique name :consumer1 { ; pact file can be either a path or an URL :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ### 3. Execute `lein with-profile pact pact-verify` You will have to have your provider running for this to pass. ## Enabling insecure SSL For providers that are running on SSL with self-signed certificates, you need to enable insecure SSL mode by setting `:insecure true` on the provider. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :insecure true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ## Specifying a custom trust store For environments that are running their own certificate chains: ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :trust-store "relative/path/to/trustStore.jks" :trust-store-password "changeme" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` `:trust-store` is relative to the current working (build) directory. `:trust-store-password` defaults to `changeit`. NOTE: The hostname will still be verified against the certificate. ## Modifying the requests before they are sent Sometimes you may need to add things to the requests that can't be persisted in a pact file. Examples of these would be authentication tokens, which have a small life span. The Leiningen plugin provides a request filter that can be set to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. This function will receive the HttpRequest object as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { ; function that adds an Authorization header to each request :request-filter #(.addHeader % "Authorization" "oauth-token eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIm...") :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` __*Important Note:*__ You should only use this feature for things that can not be persisted in the pact file. By modifying the request, you are potentially modifying the contract from the consumer tests! ## Modifying the HTTP Client Used The default HTTP client is used for all requests to providers (created with a call to `HttpClients.createDefault()`). This can be changed by specifying a function assigned to `:create-client` on the provider that returns a `CloseableHttpClient`. The function will receive the provider info as a parameter. ## Turning off URL decoding of the paths in the pact file By default the paths loaded from the pact file will be decoded before the request is sent to the provider. To turn this behaviour off, set the system property `pact.verifier.disableUrlPathDecoding` to `true`. __*Important Note:*__ If you turn off the url path decoding, you need to ensure that the paths in the pact files are correctly encoded. The verifier will not be able to make a request with an invalid encoded path. ## Plugin Properties The following plugin options can be specified on the command line: |Property|Description| |--------|-----------| |:pact.showStacktrace|This turns on stacktrace printing for each request. It can help with diagnosing network errors| |:pact.showFullDiff|This turns on displaying the full diff of the expected versus actual bodies [version 3.3.6+]| |:pact.filter.consumers|Comma seperated list of consumer names to verify| |:pact.filter.description|Only verify interactions whose description match the provided regular expression| |:pact.filter.providerState|Only verify interactions whose provider state match the provided regular expression. An empty string matches interactions that have no state| |:pact.verifier.publishResults|Publishing of verification results will be skipped unless this property is set to 'true' [version 3.5.18+]| |:pact.matching.wildcard|Enables matching of map values ignoring the keys when this property is set to 'true'| Example, to run verification only for a particular consumer: ``` $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify :pact.filter.consumers=:consumer2 ``` ## Provider States For each provider you can specify a state change URL to use to switch the state of the provider. This URL will receive the `providerState` description from the pact file before each interaction via a POST. The `:state-change-uses-body` controls if the state is passed in the request body or as a query parameter. These values can be set at the provider level, or for a specific consumer. Consumer values take precedent if both are given. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :state-change-url "http://localhost:8080/tasks/pactStateChange" :state-change-uses-body false ; defaults to true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` If the `:state-change-uses-body` is not specified, or is set to true, then the provider state description will be sent as JSON in the body of the request. If it is set to false, it will passed as a query parameter. As for normal requests (see Modifying the requests before they are sent), a state change request can be modified before it is sent. Set `:state-change-request-filter` to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. #### Returning values that can be injected (3.6.11+) You can have values from the provider state callbacks be injected into most places (paths, query parameters, headers, bodies, etc.). This works by using the V3 spec generators with provider state callbacks that return values. One example of where this would be useful is API calls that require an ID which would be auto-generated by the database on the provider side, so there is no way to know what the ID would be beforehand. There are methods on the consumer DSLs that can provider an expression that contains variables (like '/api/user/${id}' for the path). The provider state callback can then return a map for values, and the `id` attribute from the map will be expanded in the expression. For URL callbacks, the values need to be returned as JSON in the response body. ## Filtering the interactions that are verified You can filter the interactions that are run using three properties: `:pact.filter.consumers`, `:pact.filter.description` and `:pact.filter.providerState`. Adding `:pact.filter.consumers=:consumer1,:consumer2` to the command line will only run the pact files for those consumers (consumer1 and consumer2). Adding `:pact.filter.description=a request for payment.*` will only run those interactions whose descriptions start with 'a request for payment'. `:pact.filter.providerState=.*payment` will match any interaction that has a provider state that ends with payment, and `:pact.filter.providerState=` will match any interaction that does not have a provider state. ## Starting and shutting down your provider For the pact verification to run, the provider needs to be running. Leiningen provides a `do` task that can chain tasks together. So, by creating a `start-app` and `terminate-app` alias, you could so something like: $ lein with-profile pact do start-app, pact-verify, terminate-app However, if the pact verification fails the build will abort without running the `terminate-app` task. To have the start and terminate tasks always run regardless of the state of the verification, you can assign them to `:start-provider-task` and `:terminate-provider-task` on the provider. ```clojure :aliases {"start-app" ^{:doc "Starts the app"} ["tasks to start app ..."] ; insert tasks to start the app here "terminate-app" ^{:doc "Kills the app"} ["tasks to terminate app ..."] ; insert tasks to stop the app here } :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :start-provider-task "start-app" :terminate-provider-task "terminate-app" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` Then you can just run: $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify and the `start-app` and `terminate-app` tasks will run before and after the provider verification. ## Specifying the provider hostname at runtime If you need to calculate the provider hostname at runtime (for instance it is run as a new docker container or AWS instance), you can give an anonymous function as the provider host that returns the host name. The function will receive the provider information as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :host #(calculate-host-name %) :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ```

# Leiningen plugin to verify a provider [version 2.2.14+, 3.0.3+] Leiningen plugin for verifying pacts against a provider. The plugin provides a `pact-verify` task which will verify all configured pacts against your provider. ## To Use It ### 1. Add the plugin to your project plugins, preferably in it's own profile. ```clojure :profiles { :pact { :plugins [[au.com.dius/pact-jvm-provider-lein_2.11 "3.2.11" :exclusions [commons-logging]]] :dependencies [[ch.qos.logback/logback-core "1.1.3"] [ch.qos.logback/logback-classic "1.1.3"] [org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient "4.4.1"]] }}} ``` ### 2. Define the pacts between your consumers and providers You define all the providers and consumers within the `:pact` configuration element of your project. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { ; You can define as many as you need, but each must have a unique name :provider1 { ; All the provider properties are optional, and have sensible defaults (shown below) :protocol "http" :host "localhost" :port 8080 :path "/" :has-pact-with { ; Again, you can define as many consumers for each provider as you need, but each must have a unique name :consumer1 { ; pact file can be either a path or an URL :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ### 3. Execute `lein with-profile pact pact-verify` You will have to have your provider running for this to pass. ## Enabling insecure SSL For providers that are running on SSL with self-signed certificates, you need to enable insecure SSL mode by setting `:insecure true` on the provider. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :insecure true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ## Specifying a custom trust store For environments that are running their own certificate chains: ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :trust-store "relative/path/to/trustStore.jks" :trust-store-password "changeme" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` `:trust-store` is relative to the current working (build) directory. `:trust-store-password` defaults to `changeit`. NOTE: The hostname will still be verified against the certificate. ## Modifying the requests before they are sent Sometimes you may need to add things to the requests that can't be persisted in a pact file. Examples of these would be authentication tokens, which have a small life span. The Leiningen plugin provides a request filter that can be set to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. This function will receive the HttpRequest object as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { ; function that adds an Authorization header to each request :request-filter #(.addHeader % "Authorization" "oauth-token eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIm...") :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` __*Important Note:*__ You should only use this feature for things that can not be persisted in the pact file. By modifying the request, you are potentially modifying the contract from the consumer tests! ## Modifying the HTTP Client Used The default HTTP client is used for all requests to providers (created with a call to `HttpClients.createDefault()`). This can be changed by specifying a function assigned to `:create-client` on the provider that returns a `CloseableHttpClient`. The function will receive the provider info as a parameter. ## Turning off URL decoding of the paths in the pact file [version 3.3.3+] By default the paths loaded from the pact file will be decoded before the request is sent to the provider. To turn this behaviour off, set the system property `pact.verifier.disableUrlPathDecoding` to `true`. __*Important Note:*__ If you turn off the url path decoding, you need to ensure that the paths in the pact files are correctly encoded. The verifier will not be able to make a request with an invalid encoded path. ## Plugin Properties The following plugin options can be specified on the command line: |Property|Description| |--------|-----------| |:pact.showStacktrace|This turns on stacktrace printing for each request. It can help with diagnosing network errors| |:pact.showFullDiff|This turns on displaying the full diff of the expected versus actual bodies [version 3.3.6+]| |:pact.filter.consumers|Comma seperated list of consumer names to verify| |:pact.filter.description|Only verify interactions whose description match the provided regular expression| |:pact.filter.providerState|Only verify interactions whose provider state match the provided regular expression. An empty string matches interactions that have no state| |:pact.verifier.publishResults|Publishing of verification results will be skipped unless this property is set to 'true' [version 3.5.18+]| |:pact.matching.wildcard|Enables matching of map values ignoring the keys when this property is set to 'true'| Example, to run verification only for a particular consumer: ``` $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify :pact.filter.consumers=consumer2 ``` ## Provider States For each provider you can specify a state change URL to use to switch the state of the provider. This URL will receive the `providerState` description from the pact file before each interaction via a POST. The `:state-change-uses-body` controls if the state is passed in the request body or as a query parameter. These values can be set at the provider level, or for a specific consumer. Consumer values take precedent if both are given. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :state-change-url "http://localhost:8080/tasks/pactStateChange" :state-change-uses-body false ; defaults to true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` If the `:state-change-uses-body` is not specified, or is set to true, then the provider state description will be sent as JSON in the body of the request. If it is set to false, it will passed as a query parameter. As for normal requests (see Modifying the requests before they are sent), a state change request can be modified before it is sent. Set `:state-change-request-filter` to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. ## Filtering the interactions that are verified You can filter the interactions that are run using three properties: `:pact.filter.consumers`, `:pact.filter.description` and `:pact.filter.providerState`. Adding `:pact.filter.consumers=consumer1,consumer2` to the command line will only run the pact files for those consumers (consumer1 and consumer2). Adding `:pact.filter.description=a request for payment.*` will only run those interactions whose descriptions start with 'a request for payment'. `:pact.filter.providerState=.*payment` will match any interaction that has a provider state that ends with payment, and `:pact.filter.providerState=` will match any interaction that does not have a provider state. ## Starting and shutting down your provider For the pact verification to run, the provider needs to be running. Leiningen provides a `do` task that can chain tasks together. So, by creating a `start-app` and `terminate-app` alias, you could so something like: $ lein with-profile pact do start-app, pact-verify, terminate-app However, if the pact verification fails the build will abort without running the `terminate-app` task. To have the start and terminate tasks always run regardless of the state of the verification, you can assign them to `:start-provider-task` and `:terminate-provider-task` on the provider. ```clojure :aliases {"start-app" ^{:doc "Starts the app"} ["tasks to start app ..."] ; insert tasks to start the app here "terminate-app" ^{:doc "Kills the app"} ["tasks to terminate app ..."] ; insert tasks to stop the app here } :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :start-provider-task "start-app" :terminate-provider-task "terminate-app" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` Then you can just run: $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify and the `start-app` and `terminate-app` tasks will run before and after the provider verification. ## Specifying the provider hostname at runtime [3.0.4+] If you need to calculate the provider hostname at runtime (for instance it is run as a new docker container or AWS instance), you can give an anonymous function as the provider host that returns the host name. The function will receive the provider information as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :host #(calculate-host-name %) :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ```

# Leiningen plugin to verify a provider [version 2.2.14+, 3.0.3+] Leiningen plugin for verifying pacts against a provider. The plugin provides a `pact-verify` task which will verify all configured pacts against your provider. ## To Use It ### 1. Add the plugin to your project plugins, preferably in it's own profile. ```clojure :profiles { :pact { :plugins [[au.com.dius/pact-jvm-provider-lein_2.11 "3.0.3" :exclusions [commons-logging]]] :dependencies [[ch.qos.logback/logback-core "1.1.3"] [ch.qos.logback/logback-classic "1.1.3"] [org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient "4.4.1"]] }}} ``` ### 2. Define the pacts between your consumers and providers You define all the providers and consumers within the `:pact` configuration element of your project. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { ; You can define as many as you need, but each must have a unique name :provider1 { ; All the provider properties are optional, and have sensible defaults (shown below) :protocol "http" :host "localhost" :port 8080 :path "/" :has-pact-with { ; Again, you can define as many consumers for each provider as you need, but each must have a unique name :consumer1 { ; pact file can be either a path or an URL :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ### 3. Execute `lein with-profile pact pact-verify` You will have to have your provider running for this to pass. ## Enabling insecure SSL For providers that are running on SSL with self-signed certificates, you need to enable insecure SSL mode by setting `:insecure true` on the provider. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :insecure true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` ## Specifying a custom trust store For environments that are running their own certificate chains: ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :protocol "https" :host "localhost" :port 8443 :trust-store "relative/path/to/trustStore.jks" :trust-store-password "changeme" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` `:trust-store` is relative to the current working (build) directory. `:trust-store-password` defaults to `changeit`. NOTE: The hostname will still be verified against the certificate. ## Modifying the requests before they are sent Sometimes you may need to add things to the requests that can't be persisted in a pact file. Examples of these would be authentication tokens, which have a small life span. The Leiningen plugin provides a request filter that can be set to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. This function will receive the HttpRequest object as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { ; function that adds an Authorization header to each request :request-filter #(.addHeader % "Authorization" "oauth-token eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIm...") :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` __*Important Note:*__ You should only use this feature for things that can not be persisted in the pact file. By modifying the request, you are potentially modifying the contract from the consumer tests! ## Modifying the HTTP Client Used The default HTTP client is used for all requests to providers (created with a call to `HttpClients.createDefault()`). This can be changed by specifying a function assigned to `:create-client` on the provider that returns a `CloseableHttpClient`. The function will receive the provider info as a parameter. ## Turning off URL decoding of the paths in the pact file [version 3.3.3+] By default the paths loaded from the pact file will be decoded before the request is sent to the provider. To turn this behaviour off, set the system property `pact.verifier.disableUrlPathDecoding` to `true`. __*Important Note:*__ If you turn off the url path decoding, you need to ensure that the paths in the pact files are correctly encoded. The verifier will not be able to make a request with an invalid encoded path. ## Plugin Properties The following plugin options can be specified on the command line: |Property|Description| |--------|-----------| |:pact.showStacktrace|This turns on stacktrace printing for each request. It can help with diagnosing network errors| |:pact.showFullDiff|This turns on displaying the full diff of the expected versus actual bodies [version 3.3.6+]| |:pact.filter.consumers|Comma seperated list of consumer names to verify| |:pact.filter.description|Only verify interactions whose description match the provided regular expression| |:pact.filter.providerState|Only verify interactions whose provider state match the provided regular expression. An empty string matches interactions that have no state| Example, to run verification only for a particular consumer: ``` $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify :pact.filter.consumers=consumer2 ``` ## Provider States For each provider you can specify a state change URL to use to switch the state of the provider. This URL will receive the `providerState` description from the pact file before each interaction via a POST. The `:state-change-uses-body` controls if the state is passed in the request body or as a query parameter. These values can be set at the provider level, or for a specific consumer. Consumer values take precedent if both are given. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :state-change-url "http://localhost:8080/tasks/pactStateChange" :state-change-uses-body false ; defaults to true :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` If the `:state-change-uses-body` is not specified, or is set to true, then the provider state description will be sent as JSON in the body of the request. If it is set to false, it will passed as a query parameter. As for normal requests (see Modifying the requests before they are sent), a state change request can be modified before it is sent. Set `:state-change-request-filter` to an anonymous function on the provider that will be called before the request is made. ## Filtering the interactions that are verified You can filter the interactions that are run using three properties: `:pact.filter.consumers`, `:pact.filter.description` and `:pact.filter.providerState`. Adding `:pact.filter.consumers=consumer1,consumer2` to the command line will only run the pact files for those consumers (consumer1 and consumer2). Adding `:pact.filter.description=a request for payment.*` will only run those interactions whose descriptions start with 'a request for payment'. `:pact.filter.providerState=.*payment` will match any interaction that has a provider state that ends with payment, and `:pact.filter.providerState=` will match any interaction that does not have a provider state. ## Starting and shutting down your provider For the pact verification to run, the provider needs to be running. Leiningen provides a `do` task that can chain tasks together. So, by creating a `start-app` and `terminate-app` alias, you could so something like: $ lein with-profile pact do start-app, pact-verify, terminate-app However, if the pact verification fails the build will abort without running the `terminate-app` task. To have the start and terminate tasks always run regardless of the state of the verification, you can assign them to `:start-provider-task` and `:terminate-provider-task` on the provider. ```clojure :aliases {"start-app" ^{:doc "Starts the app"} ["tasks to start app ..."] ; insert tasks to start the app here "terminate-app" ^{:doc "Kills the app"} ["tasks to terminate app ..."] ; insert tasks to stop the app here } :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :start-provider-task "start-app" :terminate-provider-task "terminate-app" :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ``` Then you can just run: $ lein with-profile pact pact-verify and the `start-app` and `terminate-app` tasks will run before and after the provider verification. ## Specifying the provider hostname at runtime [3.0.4+] If you need to calculate the provider hostname at runtime (for instance it is run as a new docker container or AWS instance), you can give an anonymous function as the provider host that returns the host name. The function will receive the provider information as a parameter. ```clojure :pact { :service-providers { :provider1 { :host #(calculate-host-name %) :has-pact-with { :consumer1 { :pact-file "path/to/provider1-consumer1-pact.json" } } } } } ```

Pact consumer ============= Pact Consumer is used by projects that are consumers of an API. Most projects will want to use pact-consumer via one of the test framework specific projects. If your favourite framework is not implemented, this module should give you all the hooks you need. Provides a DSL for use with Java to build consumer pacts. ## Dependency The library is available on maven central using: * group-id = `au.com.dius` * artifact-id = `pact-jvm-consumer_2.11` ## DSL Usage Example in a JUnit test: ```java import au.com.dius.pact.model.MockProviderConfig; import au.com.dius.pact.model.PactFragment; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; public class PactTest { @Test public void testPact() { PactFragment pactFragment = ConsumerPactBuilder .consumer("Some Consumer") .hasPactWith("Some Provider") .uponReceiving("a request to say Hello") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") .toFragment(); MockProviderConfig config = MockProviderConfig.createDefault(); VerificationResult result = pactFragment.runConsumer(config, new TestRun() { @Override public void run(MockProviderConfig config) { Map expectedResponse = new HashMap(); expectedResponse.put("hello", "harry"); try { assertEquals(new ProviderClient(config.url()).hello("{\"name\": \"harry\"}"), expectedResponse); } catch (IOException e) {} } }); if (result instanceof PactError) { throw new RuntimeException(((PactError)result).error()); } assertEquals(ConsumerPactTest.PACT_VERIFIED, result); } } ``` The DSL has the following pattern: ```java .consumer("Some Consumer") .hasPactWith("Some Provider") .given("a certain state on the provider") .uponReceiving("a request for something") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") .uponReceiving("another request for something") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") . . . .toFragment() ``` You can define as many interactions as required. Each interaction starts with `uponReceiving` followed by `willRespondWith`. The test state setup with `given` is a mechanism to describe what the state of the provider should be in before the provider is verified. It is only recorded in the consumer tests and used by the provider verification tasks. ### Building JSON bodies with PactDslJsonBody DSL The body method of the ConsumerPactBuilder can accept a PactDslJsonBody, which can construct a JSON body as well as define regex and type matchers. For example: ```java PactDslJsonBody body = new PactDslJsonBody() .stringType("name") .booleanType("happy") .hexValue("hexCode") .id() .ipAddress("localAddress") .numberValue("age", 100) .timestamp(); ``` #### DSL Matching methods The following matching methods are provided with the DSL. In most cases, they take an optional value parameter which will be used to generate example values (i.e. when returning a mock response). If no example value is given, a random one will be generated. | method | description | |--------|-------------| | string, stringValue | Match a string value (using string equality) | | number, numberValue | Match a number value (using Number.equals)\* | | booleanValue | Match a boolean value (using equality) | | stringType | Will match all Strings | | numberType | Will match all numbers\* | | integerType | Will match all numbers that are integers (both ints and longs)\* | | decimalType | Will match all real numbers (floating point and decimal)\* | | booleanType | Will match all boolean values (true and false) | | stringMatcher | Will match strings using the provided regular expression | | timestamp | Will match string containing timestamps. If a timestamp format is not given, will match an ISO timestamp format | | date | Will match string containing dates. If a date format is not given, will match an ISO date format | | time | Will match string containing times. If a time format is not given, will match an ISO time format | | ipAddress | Will match string containing IP4 formatted address. | | id | Will match all numbers by type | | hexValue | Will match all hexadecimal encoded strings | | uuid | Will match strings containing UUIDs | _\* Note:_ JSON only supports double precision floating point values. Depending on the language implementation, they may parsed as integer, floating point or decimal numbers. #### Ensuring all items in a list match an example (2.2.0+) Lots of the time you might not know the number of items that will be in a list, but you want to ensure that the list has a minimum or maximum size and that each item in the list matches a given example. You can do this with the `arrayLike`, `minArrayLike` and `maxArrayLike` functions. | function | description | |----------|-------------| | `eachLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example | | `maxArrayLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no bigger than the provided max | | `minArrayLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no smaller than the provided min | For example: ```java DslPart body = new PactDslJsonBody() .minArrayLike("users") .id() .stringType("name") .closeObject() .closeArray(); ``` This will ensure that the users list is never empty and that each user has an identifier that is a number and a name that is a string. #### Matching JSON values at the root (Version 3.2.2/2.4.3+) For cases where you are expecting basic JSON values (strings, numbers, booleans and null) at the root level of the body and need to use matchers, you can use the `PactDslJsonRootValue` class. It has all the DSL matching methods for basic values that you can use. For example: ```java .consumer("Some Consumer") .hasPactWith("Some Provider") .uponReceiving("a request for a basic JSON value") .path("/hello") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body(PactDslJsonRootValue.integerType()) ``` #### Root level arrays that match all items (version 2.2.11+) If the root of the body is an array, you can create PactDslJsonArray classes with the following methods: | function | description | |----------|-------------| | `arrayEachLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example | | `arrayMinLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no bigger than the provided max | | `arrayMaxLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no smaller than the provided min | For example: ```java PactDslJsonArray.arrayEachLike() .date("clearedDate", "mm/dd/yyyy", date) .stringType("status", "STATUS") .decimalType("amount", 100.0) .closeObject() ``` This will then match a body like: ```json [ { "clearedDate" : "07/22/2015", "status" : "C", "amount" : 15.0 }, { "clearedDate" : "07/22/2015", "status" : "C", "amount" : 15.0 }, { "clearedDate" : "07/22/2015", "status" : "C", "amount" : 15.0 } ] ``` #### Matching arrays of arrays (version 3.2.12/2.4.14+) For the case where you have arrays of arrays (GeoJSON is an example), the following methods have been provided: | function | description | |----------|-------------| | `eachArrayLike` | Ensure that each item in the array is an array that matches the provided example | | `eachArrayWithMaxLike` | Ensure that each item in the array is an array that matches the provided example and the array is no bigger than the provided max | | `eachArrayWithMinLike` | Ensure that each item in the array is an array that matches the provided example and the array is no smaller than the provided min | For example (with GeoJSON structure): ```java new PactDslJsonBody() .stringType("type","FeatureCollection") .eachLike("features") .stringType("type","Feature") .object("geometry") .stringType("type","Point") .eachArrayLike("coordinates") // coordinates is an array of arrays .decimalType(-7.55717) .decimalType(49.766896) .closeArray() .closeArray() .closeObject() .object("properties") .stringType("prop0","value0") .closeObject() .closeObject() .closeArray() ``` This generated the following JSON: ```json { "features": [ { "geometry": { "coordinates": [[-7.55717, 49.766896]], "type": "Point" }, "type": "Feature", "properties": { "prop0": "value0" } } ], "type": "FeatureCollection" } ``` and will be able to match all coordinates regardless of the number of coordinates. #### Matching any key in a map (3.3.1/2.5.0+) The DSL has been extended for cases where the keys in a map are IDs. For an example of this, see [#313](https://github.com/DiUS/pact-jvm/issues/131). In this case you can use the `eachKeyLike` method, which takes an example key as a parameter. For example: ```java DslPart body = new PactDslJsonBody() .object("one") .eachKeyLike("001", PactDslJsonRootValue.id(12345L)) // key like an id mapped to a matcher .closeObject() .object("two") .eachKeyLike("001-A") // key like an id where the value is matched by the following example .stringType("description", "Some Description") .closeObject() .closeObject() .object("three") .eachKeyMappedToAnArrayLike("001") // key like an id mapped to an array where each item is matched by the following example .id("someId", 23456L) .closeObject() .closeArray() .closeObject(); ``` For an example, have a look at [WildcardKeysTest](src/test/java/au/com/dius/pact/consumer/WildcardKeysTest.java). **NOTE:** The `eachKeyLike` method adds a `*` to the matching path, so the matching definition will be applied to all keys of the map if there is not a more specific matcher defined for a particular key. Having more than one `eachKeyLike` condition applied to a map will result in only one being applied when the pact is verified (probably the last). ### Matching on paths (version 2.1.5+) You can use regular expressions to match incoming requests. The DSL has a `matchPath` method for this. You can provide a real path as a second value to use when generating requests, and if you leave it out it will generate a random one from the regular expression. For example: ```java .given("test state") .uponReceiving("a test interaction") .matchPath("/transaction/[0-9]+") // or .matchPath("/transaction/[0-9]+", "/transaction/1234567890") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") ``` ### Matching on headers (version 2.2.2+) You can use regular expressions to match request and response headers. The DSL has a `matchHeader` method for this. You can provide an example header value to use when generating requests and responses, and if you leave it out it will generate a random one from the regular expression. For example: ```java .given("test state") .uponReceiving("a test interaction") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .matchHeader("testreqheader", "test.*value") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") .matchHeader("Location", ".*/hello/[0-9]+", "/hello/1234") ``` ### Matching on query parameters (version 3.3.7+) You can use regular expressions to match request query parameters. The DSL has a `matchQuery` method for this. You can provide an example value to use when generating requests, and if you leave it out it will generate a random one from the regular expression. For example: ```java .given("test state") .uponReceiving("a test interaction") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .matchQuery("a", "\\d+", "100") .matchQuery("b", "[A-Z]", "X") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") ```

Pact consumer ============= Pact Consumer is used by projects that are consumers of an API. Most projects will want to use pact-consumer via one of the test framework specific projects. If your favourite framework is not implemented, this module should give you all the hooks you need. Provides a DSL for use with Java to build consumer pacts. ## Dependency The library is available on maven central using: * group-id = `au.com.dius` * artifact-id = `pact-jvm-consumer_2.11` ## DSL Usage Example in a JUnit test: ```java import au.com.dius.pact.model.MockProviderConfig; import au.com.dius.pact.model.RequestResponsePact; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import static au.com.dius.pact.consumer.ConsumerPactRunnerKt.runConsumerTest; import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; public class PactTest { @Test public void testPact() { RequestResponsePact pact = ConsumerPactBuilder .consumer("Some Consumer") .hasPactWith("Some Provider") .uponReceiving("a request to say Hello") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") .toPact(); MockProviderConfig config = MockProviderConfig.createDefault(); PactVerificationResult result = runConsumerTest(pact, config, new PactTestRun() { @Override public void run(@NotNull MockServer mockServer) throws IOException { Map expectedResponse = new HashMap(); expectedResponse.put("hello", "harry"); assertEquals(expectedResponse, new ConsumerClient(mockServer.getUrl()).post("/hello", "{\"name\": \"harry\"}", ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON)); } }); if (result instanceof PactVerificationResult.Error) { throw new RuntimeException(((PactVerificationResult.Error)result).getError()); } assertEquals(PactVerificationResult.Ok.INSTANCE, result); } } ``` The DSL has the following pattern: ```java .consumer("Some Consumer") .hasPactWith("Some Provider") .given("a certain state on the provider") .uponReceiving("a request for something") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") .uponReceiving("another request for something") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") . . . .toPact() ``` You can define as many interactions as required. Each interaction starts with `uponReceiving` followed by `willRespondWith`. The test state setup with `given` is a mechanism to describe what the state of the provider should be in before the provider is verified. It is only recorded in the consumer tests and used by the provider verification tasks. ### Building JSON bodies with PactDslJsonBody DSL The body method of the ConsumerPactBuilder can accept a PactDslJsonBody, which can construct a JSON body as well as define regex and type matchers. For example: ```java PactDslJsonBody body = new PactDslJsonBody() .stringType("name") .booleanType("happy") .hexValue("hexCode") .id() .ipAddress("localAddress") .numberValue("age", 100) .timestamp(); ``` #### DSL Matching methods The following matching methods are provided with the DSL. In most cases, they take an optional value parameter which will be used to generate example values (i.e. when returning a mock response). If no example value is given, a random one will be generated. | method | description | |--------|-------------| | string, stringValue | Match a string value (using string equality) | | number, numberValue | Match a number value (using Number.equals)\* | | booleanValue | Match a boolean value (using equality) | | stringType | Will match all Strings | | numberType | Will match all numbers\* | | integerType | Will match all numbers that are integers (both ints and longs)\* | | decimalType | Will match all real numbers (floating point and decimal)\* | | booleanType | Will match all boolean values (true and false) | | stringMatcher | Will match strings using the provided regular expression | | timestamp | Will match string containing timestamps. If a timestamp format is not given, will match an ISO timestamp format | | date | Will match string containing dates. If a date format is not given, will match an ISO date format | | time | Will match string containing times. If a time format is not given, will match an ISO time format | | ipAddress | Will match string containing IP4 formatted address. | | id | Will match all numbers by type | | hexValue | Will match all hexadecimal encoded strings | | uuid | Will match strings containing UUIDs | | includesStr | Will match strings containing the provided string | | equalsTo | Will match using equals | | matchUrl | Defines a matcher for URLs, given the base URL path and a sequence of path fragments. The path fragments could be strings or regular expression matchers | _\* Note:_ JSON only supports double precision floating point values. Depending on the language implementation, they may parsed as integer, floating point or decimal numbers. #### Ensuring all items in a list match an example (2.2.0+) Lots of the time you might not know the number of items that will be in a list, but you want to ensure that the list has a minimum or maximum size and that each item in the list matches a given example. You can do this with the `arrayLike`, `minArrayLike` and `maxArrayLike` functions. | function | description | |----------|-------------| | `eachLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example | | `maxArrayLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no bigger than the provided max | | `minArrayLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no smaller than the provided min | For example: ```java DslPart body = new PactDslJsonBody() .minArrayLike("users") .id() .stringType("name") .closeObject() .closeArray(); ``` This will ensure that the users list is never empty and that each user has an identifier that is a number and a name that is a string. #### Matching JSON values at the root (Version 3.2.2/2.4.3+) For cases where you are expecting basic JSON values (strings, numbers, booleans and null) at the root level of the body and need to use matchers, you can use the `PactDslJsonRootValue` class. It has all the DSL matching methods for basic values that you can use. For example: ```java .consumer("Some Consumer") .hasPactWith("Some Provider") .uponReceiving("a request for a basic JSON value") .path("/hello") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body(PactDslJsonRootValue.integerType()) ``` #### Root level arrays that match all items (version 2.2.11+) If the root of the body is an array, you can create PactDslJsonArray classes with the following methods: | function | description | |----------|-------------| | `arrayEachLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example | | `arrayMinLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no bigger than the provided max | | `arrayMaxLike` | Ensure that each item in the list matches the provided example and the list is no smaller than the provided min | For example: ```java PactDslJsonArray.arrayEachLike() .date("clearedDate", "mm/dd/yyyy", date) .stringType("status", "STATUS") .decimalType("amount", 100.0) .closeObject() ``` This will then match a body like: ```json [ { "clearedDate" : "07/22/2015", "status" : "C", "amount" : 15.0 }, { "clearedDate" : "07/22/2015", "status" : "C", "amount" : 15.0 }, { "clearedDate" : "07/22/2015", "status" : "C", "amount" : 15.0 } ] ``` #### Matching arrays of arrays (version 3.2.12/2.4.14+) For the case where you have arrays of arrays (GeoJSON is an example), the following methods have been provided: | function | description | |----------|-------------| | `eachArrayLike` | Ensure that each item in the array is an array that matches the provided example | | `eachArrayWithMaxLike` | Ensure that each item in the array is an array that matches the provided example and the array is no bigger than the provided max | | `eachArrayWithMinLike` | Ensure that each item in the array is an array that matches the provided example and the array is no smaller than the provided min | For example (with GeoJSON structure): ```java new PactDslJsonBody() .stringType("type","FeatureCollection") .eachLike("features") .stringType("type","Feature") .object("geometry") .stringType("type","Point") .eachArrayLike("coordinates") // coordinates is an array of arrays .decimalType(-7.55717) .decimalType(49.766896) .closeArray() .closeArray() .closeObject() .object("properties") .stringType("prop0","value0") .closeObject() .closeObject() .closeArray() ``` This generated the following JSON: ```json { "features": [ { "geometry": { "coordinates": [[-7.55717, 49.766896]], "type": "Point" }, "type": "Feature", "properties": { "prop0": "value0" } } ], "type": "FeatureCollection" } ``` and will be able to match all coordinates regardless of the number of coordinates. #### Matching any key in a map (3.3.1/2.5.0+) The DSL has been extended for cases where the keys in a map are IDs. For an example of this, see [#313](https://github.com/DiUS/pact-jvm/issues/313). In this case you can use the `eachKeyLike` method, which takes an example key as a parameter. For example: ```java DslPart body = new PactDslJsonBody() .object("one") .eachKeyLike("001", PactDslJsonRootValue.id(12345L)) // key like an id mapped to a matcher .closeObject() .object("two") .eachKeyLike("001-A") // key like an id where the value is matched by the following example .stringType("description", "Some Description") .closeObject() .closeObject() .object("three") .eachKeyMappedToAnArrayLike("001") // key like an id mapped to an array where each item is matched by the following example .id("someId", 23456L) .closeObject() .closeArray() .closeObject(); ``` For an example, have a look at [WildcardKeysTest](../pact-jvm-consumer-junit/src/test/java/au/com/dius/pact/consumer/WildcardKeysTest.java). **NOTE:** The `eachKeyLike` method adds a `*` to the matching path, so the matching definition will be applied to all keys of the map if there is not a more specific matcher defined for a particular key. Having more than one `eachKeyLike` condition applied to a map will result in only one being applied when the pact is verified (probably the last). **Further Note: From version 3.5.22 onwards pacts with wildcards applied to map keys will require the Java system property "pact.matching.wildcard" set to value "true" when the pact file is verified.** ### Matching on paths (version 2.1.5+) You can use regular expressions to match incoming requests. The DSL has a `matchPath` method for this. You can provide a real path as a second value to use when generating requests, and if you leave it out it will generate a random one from the regular expression. For example: ```java .given("test state") .uponReceiving("a test interaction") .matchPath("/transaction/[0-9]+") // or .matchPath("/transaction/[0-9]+", "/transaction/1234567890") .method("POST") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") ``` ### Matching on headers (version 2.2.2+) You can use regular expressions to match request and response headers. The DSL has a `matchHeader` method for this. You can provide an example header value to use when generating requests and responses, and if you leave it out it will generate a random one from the regular expression. For example: ```java .given("test state") .uponReceiving("a test interaction") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .matchHeader("testreqheader", "test.*value") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") .matchHeader("Location", ".*/hello/[0-9]+", "/hello/1234") ``` ### Matching on query parameters (version 3.3.7+) You can use regular expressions to match request query parameters. The DSL has a `matchQuery` method for this. You can provide an example value to use when generating requests, and if you leave it out it will generate a random one from the regular expression. For example: ```java .given("test state") .uponReceiving("a test interaction") .path("/hello") .method("POST") .matchQuery("a", "\\d+", "100") .matchQuery("b", "[A-Z]", "X") .body("{\"name\": \"harry\"}") .willRespondWith() .status(200) .body("{\"hello\": \"harry\"}") ``` # Forcing pact files to be overwritten (3.6.5+) By default, when the pact file is written, it will be merged with any existing pact file. To force the file to be overwritten, set the Java system property `pact.writer.overwrite` to `true`. # Having values injected from provider state callbacks (3.6.11+) You can have values from the provider state callbacks be injected into most places (paths, query parameters, headers, bodies, etc.). This works by using the V3 spec generators with provider state callbacks that return values. One example of where this would be useful is API calls that require an ID which would be auto-generated by the database on the provider side, so there is no way to know what the ID would be beforehand. The following DSL methods allow you to set an expression that will be parsed with the values returned from the provider states: For JSON bodies, use `valueFromProviderState`.<br/> For headers, use `headerFromProviderState`.<br/> For query parameters, use `queryParameterFromProviderState`.<br/> For paths, use `pathFromProviderState`. For example, assume that an API call is made to get the details of a user by ID. A provider state can be defined that specifies that the user must be exist, but the ID will be created when the user is created. So we can then define an expression for the path where the ID will be replaced with the value returned from the provider state callback. ```java .pathFromProviderState("/api/users/${id}", "/api/users/100") ``` You can also just use the key instead of an expression: ```java .valueFromProviderState('userId', 'userId', 100) // will look value using userId as the key ```