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/*
 * Copyright 2013 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util;

import ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.EmptyArrays;
import ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.PlatformDependent;
import ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.SystemPropertyUtil;
import ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLogger;
import ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;

import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater;

import static ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.EMPTY_STRING;
import static ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.NEWLINE;
import static ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.simpleClassName;

public class ResourceLeakDetector {

    private static final String PROP_LEVEL_OLD = "ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.leakDetectionLevel";
    private static final String PROP_LEVEL = "ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.leakDetection.level";
    private static final Level DEFAULT_LEVEL = Level.SIMPLE;

    private static final String PROP_TARGET_RECORDS = "ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.leakDetection.targetRecords";
    private static final int DEFAULT_TARGET_RECORDS = 4;

    private static final String PROP_SAMPLING_INTERVAL = "ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.leakDetection.samplingInterval";
    // There is a minor performance benefit in TLR if this is a power of 2.
    private static final int DEFAULT_SAMPLING_INTERVAL = 128;

    private static final int TARGET_RECORDS;
    static final int SAMPLING_INTERVAL;

    /**
     * Represents the level of resource leak detection.
     */
    public enum Level {
        /**
         * Disables resource leak detection.
         */
        DISABLED,
        /**
         * Enables simplistic sampling resource leak detection which reports there is a leak or not,
         * at the cost of small overhead (default).
         */
        SIMPLE,
        /**
         * Enables advanced sampling resource leak detection which reports where the leaked object was accessed
         * recently at the cost of high overhead.
         */
        ADVANCED,
        /**
         * Enables paranoid resource leak detection which reports where the leaked object was accessed recently,
         * at the cost of the highest possible overhead (for testing purposes only).
         */
        PARANOID;

        /**
         * Returns level based on string value. Accepts also string that represents ordinal number of enum.
         *
         * @param levelStr - level string : DISABLED, SIMPLE, ADVANCED, PARANOID. Ignores case.
         * @return corresponding level or SIMPLE level in case of no match.
         */
        static Level parseLevel(String levelStr) {
            String trimmedLevelStr = levelStr.trim();
            for (Level l : values()) {
                if (trimmedLevelStr.equalsIgnoreCase(l.name()) || trimmedLevelStr.equals(String.valueOf(l.ordinal()))) {
                    return l;
                }
            }
            return DEFAULT_LEVEL;
        }
    }

    private static Level level;

    private static final InternalLogger logger = InternalLoggerFactory.getInstance(ResourceLeakDetector.class);

    static {
        final boolean disabled;
        if (SystemPropertyUtil.get("ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.noResourceLeakDetection") != null) {
            disabled = SystemPropertyUtil.getBoolean("ch.cern.hbase.thirdparty.io.netty.noResourceLeakDetection", false);
            logger.debug("-Dio.netty.noResourceLeakDetection: {}", disabled);
            logger.warn(
                    "-Dio.netty.noResourceLeakDetection is deprecated. Use '-D{}={}' instead.",
                    PROP_LEVEL, DEFAULT_LEVEL.name().toLowerCase());
        } else {
            disabled = false;
        }

        Level defaultLevel = disabled? Level.DISABLED : DEFAULT_LEVEL;

        // First read old property name
        String levelStr = SystemPropertyUtil.get(PROP_LEVEL_OLD, defaultLevel.name());

        // If new property name is present, use it
        levelStr = SystemPropertyUtil.get(PROP_LEVEL, levelStr);
        Level level = Level.parseLevel(levelStr);

        TARGET_RECORDS = SystemPropertyUtil.getInt(PROP_TARGET_RECORDS, DEFAULT_TARGET_RECORDS);
        SAMPLING_INTERVAL = SystemPropertyUtil.getInt(PROP_SAMPLING_INTERVAL, DEFAULT_SAMPLING_INTERVAL);

        ResourceLeakDetector.level = level;
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("-D{}: {}", PROP_LEVEL, level.name().toLowerCase());
            logger.debug("-D{}: {}", PROP_TARGET_RECORDS, TARGET_RECORDS);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link #setLevel(Level)} instead.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        setLevel(enabled? Level.SIMPLE : Level.DISABLED);
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if resource leak detection is enabled.
     */
    public static boolean isEnabled() {
        return getLevel().ordinal() > Level.DISABLED.ordinal();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the resource leak detection level.
     */
    public static void setLevel(Level level) {
        if (level == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("level");
        }
        ResourceLeakDetector.level = level;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current resource leak detection level.
     */
    public static Level getLevel() {
        return level;
    }

    /** the collection of active resources */
    private final Set> allLeaks =
            Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap, Boolean>());

    private final ReferenceQueue refQueue = new ReferenceQueue();
    private final ConcurrentMap reportedLeaks = PlatformDependent.newConcurrentHashMap();

    private final String resourceType;
    private final int samplingInterval;

    /**
     * @deprecated use {@link ResourceLeakDetectorFactory#newResourceLeakDetector(Class, int, long)}.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public ResourceLeakDetector(Class resourceType) {
        this(simpleClassName(resourceType));
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated use {@link ResourceLeakDetectorFactory#newResourceLeakDetector(Class, int, long)}.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public ResourceLeakDetector(String resourceType) {
        this(resourceType, DEFAULT_SAMPLING_INTERVAL, Long.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link ResourceLeakDetector#ResourceLeakDetector(Class, int)}.
     * 

* This should not be used directly by users of {@link ResourceLeakDetector}. * Please use {@link ResourceLeakDetectorFactory#newResourceLeakDetector(Class)} * or {@link ResourceLeakDetectorFactory#newResourceLeakDetector(Class, int, long)} * * @param maxActive This is deprecated and will be ignored. */ @Deprecated public ResourceLeakDetector(Class resourceType, int samplingInterval, long maxActive) { this(resourceType, samplingInterval); } /** * This should not be used directly by users of {@link ResourceLeakDetector}. * Please use {@link ResourceLeakDetectorFactory#newResourceLeakDetector(Class)} * or {@link ResourceLeakDetectorFactory#newResourceLeakDetector(Class, int, long)} */ @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public ResourceLeakDetector(Class resourceType, int samplingInterval) { this(simpleClassName(resourceType), samplingInterval, Long.MAX_VALUE); } /** * @deprecated use {@link ResourceLeakDetectorFactory#newResourceLeakDetector(Class, int, long)}. *

* @param maxActive This is deprecated and will be ignored. */ @Deprecated public ResourceLeakDetector(String resourceType, int samplingInterval, long maxActive) { if (resourceType == null) { throw new NullPointerException("resourceType"); } this.resourceType = resourceType; this.samplingInterval = samplingInterval; } /** * Creates a new {@link ResourceLeak} which is expected to be closed via {@link ResourceLeak#close()} when the * related resource is deallocated. * * @return the {@link ResourceLeak} or {@code null} * @deprecated use {@link #track(Object)} */ @Deprecated public final ResourceLeak open(T obj) { return track0(obj); } /** * Creates a new {@link ResourceLeakTracker} which is expected to be closed via * {@link ResourceLeakTracker#close(Object)} when the related resource is deallocated. * * @return the {@link ResourceLeakTracker} or {@code null} */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public final ResourceLeakTracker track(T obj) { return track0(obj); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private DefaultResourceLeak track0(T obj) { Level level = ResourceLeakDetector.level; if (level == Level.DISABLED) { return null; } if (level.ordinal() < Level.PARANOID.ordinal()) { if ((PlatformDependent.threadLocalRandom().nextInt(samplingInterval)) == 0) { reportLeak(); return new DefaultResourceLeak(obj, refQueue, allLeaks); } return null; } reportLeak(); return new DefaultResourceLeak(obj, refQueue, allLeaks); } private void clearRefQueue() { for (;;) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") DefaultResourceLeak ref = (DefaultResourceLeak) refQueue.poll(); if (ref == null) { break; } ref.dispose(); } } private void reportLeak() { if (!logger.isErrorEnabled()) { clearRefQueue(); return; } // Detect and report previous leaks. for (;;) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") DefaultResourceLeak ref = (DefaultResourceLeak) refQueue.poll(); if (ref == null) { break; } if (!ref.dispose()) { continue; } String records = ref.toString(); if (reportedLeaks.putIfAbsent(records, Boolean.TRUE) == null) { if (records.isEmpty()) { reportUntracedLeak(resourceType); } else { reportTracedLeak(resourceType, records); } } } } /** * This method is called when a traced leak is detected. It can be overridden for tracking how many times leaks * have been detected. */ protected void reportTracedLeak(String resourceType, String records) { logger.error( "LEAK: {}.release() was not called before it's garbage-collected. " + "See http://netty.io/wiki/reference-counted-objects.html for more information.{}", resourceType, records); } /** * This method is called when an untraced leak is detected. It can be overridden for tracking how many times leaks * have been detected. */ protected void reportUntracedLeak(String resourceType) { logger.error("LEAK: {}.release() was not called before it's garbage-collected. " + "Enable advanced leak reporting to find out where the leak occurred. " + "To enable advanced leak reporting, " + "specify the JVM option '-D{}={}' or call {}.setLevel() " + "See http://netty.io/wiki/reference-counted-objects.html for more information.", resourceType, PROP_LEVEL, Level.ADVANCED.name().toLowerCase(), simpleClassName(this)); } /** * @deprecated This method will no longer be invoked by {@link ResourceLeakDetector}. */ @Deprecated protected void reportInstancesLeak(String resourceType) { } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") private static final class DefaultResourceLeak extends WeakReference implements ResourceLeakTracker, ResourceLeak { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // generics and updaters do not mix. private static final AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater, Record> headUpdater = (AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater) AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater.newUpdater(DefaultResourceLeak.class, Record.class, "head"); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // generics and updaters do not mix. private static final AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater> droppedRecordsUpdater = (AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater) AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(DefaultResourceLeak.class, "droppedRecords"); @SuppressWarnings("unused") private volatile Record head; @SuppressWarnings("unused") private volatile int droppedRecords; private final Set> allLeaks; private final int trackedHash; DefaultResourceLeak( Object referent, ReferenceQueue refQueue, Set> allLeaks) { super(referent, refQueue); assert referent != null; // Store the hash of the tracked object to later assert it in the close(...) method. // It's important that we not store a reference to the referent as this would disallow it from // be collected via the WeakReference. trackedHash = System.identityHashCode(referent); allLeaks.add(this); // Create a new Record so we always have the creation stacktrace included. headUpdater.set(this, new Record(Record.BOTTOM)); this.allLeaks = allLeaks; } @Override public void record() { record0(null); } @Override public void record(Object hint) { record0(hint); } /** * This method works by exponentially backing off as more records are present in the stack. Each record has a * 1 / 2^n chance of dropping the top most record and replacing it with itself. This has a number of convenient * properties: * *
    *
  1. The current record is always recorded. This is due to the compare and swap dropping the top most * record, rather than the to-be-pushed record. *
  2. The very last access will always be recorded. This comes as a property of 1. *
  3. It is possible to retain more records than the target, based upon the probability distribution. *
  4. It is easy to keep a precise record of the number of elements in the stack, since each element has to * know how tall the stack is. *
* * In this particular implementation, there are also some advantages. A thread local random is used to decide * if something should be recorded. This means that if there is a deterministic access pattern, it is now * possible to see what other accesses occur, rather than always dropping them. Second, after * {@link #TARGET_RECORDS} accesses, backoff occurs. This matches typical access patterns, * where there are either a high number of accesses (i.e. a cached buffer), or low (an ephemeral buffer), but * not many in between. * * The use of atomics avoids serializing a high number of accesses, when most of the records will be thrown * away. High contention only happens when there are very few existing records, which is only likely when the * object isn't shared! If this is a problem, the loop can be aborted and the record dropped, because another * thread won the race. */ private void record0(Object hint) { // Check TARGET_RECORDS > 0 here to avoid similar check before remove from and add to lastRecords if (TARGET_RECORDS > 0) { Record oldHead; Record prevHead; Record newHead; boolean dropped; do { if ((prevHead = oldHead = headUpdater.get(this)) == null) { // already closed. return; } final int numElements = oldHead.pos + 1; if (numElements >= TARGET_RECORDS) { final int backOffFactor = Math.min(numElements - TARGET_RECORDS, 30); if (dropped = PlatformDependent.threadLocalRandom().nextInt(1 << backOffFactor) != 0) { prevHead = oldHead.next; } } else { dropped = false; } newHead = hint != null ? new Record(prevHead, hint) : new Record(prevHead); } while (!headUpdater.compareAndSet(this, oldHead, newHead)); if (dropped) { droppedRecordsUpdater.incrementAndGet(this); } } } boolean dispose() { clear(); return allLeaks.remove(this); } @Override public boolean close() { if (allLeaks.remove(this)) { // Call clear so the reference is not even enqueued. clear(); headUpdater.set(this, null); return true; } return false; } @Override public boolean close(T trackedObject) { // Ensure that the object that was tracked is the same as the one that was passed to close(...). assert trackedHash == System.identityHashCode(trackedObject); try { return close(); } finally { // This method will do `synchronized(trackedObject)` and we should be sure this will not cause deadlock. // It should not, because somewhere up the callstack should be a (successful) `trackedObject.release`, // therefore it is unreasonable that anyone else, anywhere, is holding a lock on the trackedObject. // (Unreasonable but possible, unfortunately.) reachabilityFence0(trackedObject); } } /** * Ensures that the object referenced by the given reference remains * strongly reachable, * regardless of any prior actions of the program that might otherwise cause * the object to become unreachable; thus, the referenced object is not * reclaimable by garbage collection at least until after the invocation of * this method. * *

Recent versions of the JDK have a nasty habit of prematurely deciding objects are unreachable. * see: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26642153/finalize-called-on-strongly-reachable-object-in-java-8 * The Java 9 method Reference.reachabilityFence offers a solution to this problem. * *

This method is always implemented as a synchronization on {@code ref}, not as * {@code Reference.reachabilityFence} for consistency across platforms and to allow building on JDK 6-8. * It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that this synchronization will not cause deadlock. * * @param ref the reference. If {@code null}, this method has no effect. * @see java.lang.ref.Reference#reachabilityFence */ private static void reachabilityFence0(Object ref) { if (ref != null) { synchronized (ref) { // Empty synchronized is ok: https://stackoverflow.com/a/31933260/1151521 } } } @Override public String toString() { Record oldHead = headUpdater.getAndSet(this, null); if (oldHead == null) { // Already closed return EMPTY_STRING; } final int dropped = droppedRecordsUpdater.get(this); int duped = 0; int present = oldHead.pos + 1; // Guess about 2 kilobytes per stack trace StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(present * 2048).append(NEWLINE); buf.append("Recent access records: ").append(NEWLINE); int i = 1; Set seen = new HashSet(present); for (; oldHead != Record.BOTTOM; oldHead = oldHead.next) { String s = oldHead.toString(); if (seen.add(s)) { if (oldHead.next == Record.BOTTOM) { buf.append("Created at:").append(NEWLINE).append(s); } else { buf.append('#').append(i++).append(':').append(NEWLINE).append(s); } } else { duped++; } } if (duped > 0) { buf.append(": ") .append(duped) .append(" leak records were discarded because they were duplicates") .append(NEWLINE); } if (dropped > 0) { buf.append(": ") .append(dropped) .append(" leak records were discarded because the leak record count is targeted to ") .append(TARGET_RECORDS) .append(". Use system property ") .append(PROP_TARGET_RECORDS) .append(" to increase the limit.") .append(NEWLINE); } buf.setLength(buf.length() - NEWLINE.length()); return buf.toString(); } } private static final AtomicReference excludedMethods = new AtomicReference(EmptyArrays.EMPTY_STRINGS); public static void addExclusions(Class clz, String ... methodNames) { Set nameSet = new HashSet(Arrays.asList(methodNames)); // Use loop rather than lookup. This avoids knowing the parameters, and doesn't have to handle // NoSuchMethodException. for (Method method : clz.getDeclaredMethods()) { if (nameSet.remove(method.getName()) && nameSet.isEmpty()) { break; } } if (!nameSet.isEmpty()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't find '" + nameSet + "' in " + clz.getName()); } String[] oldMethods; String[] newMethods; do { oldMethods = excludedMethods.get(); newMethods = Arrays.copyOf(oldMethods, oldMethods.length + 2 * methodNames.length); for (int i = 0; i < methodNames.length; i++) { newMethods[oldMethods.length + i * 2] = clz.getName(); newMethods[oldMethods.length + i * 2 + 1] = methodNames[i]; } } while (!excludedMethods.compareAndSet(oldMethods, newMethods)); } private static final class Record extends Throwable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 6065153674892850720L; private static final Record BOTTOM = new Record(); private final String hintString; private final Record next; private final int pos; Record(Record next, Object hint) { // This needs to be generated even if toString() is never called as it may change later on. hintString = hint instanceof ResourceLeakHint ? ((ResourceLeakHint) hint).toHintString() : hint.toString(); this.next = next; this.pos = next.pos + 1; } Record(Record next) { hintString = null; this.next = next; this.pos = next.pos + 1; } // Used to terminate the stack private Record() { hintString = null; next = null; pos = -1; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(2048); if (hintString != null) { buf.append("\tHint: ").append(hintString).append(NEWLINE); } // Append the stack trace. StackTraceElement[] array = getStackTrace(); // Skip the first three elements. out: for (int i = 3; i < array.length; i++) { StackTraceElement element = array[i]; // Strip the noisy stack trace elements. String[] exclusions = excludedMethods.get(); for (int k = 0; k < exclusions.length; k += 2) { if (exclusions[k].equals(element.getClassName()) && exclusions[k + 1].equals(element.getMethodName())) { continue out; } } buf.append('\t'); buf.append(element.toString()); buf.append(NEWLINE); } return buf.toString(); } } }