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/*
 * Copyright 2013-2020 Thomas Sander, openmolecules.org
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *    specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
 * SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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 * @author Thomas Sander
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package org.openmolecules.chem.conf.gen;

import com.actelion.research.calc.ThreadMaster;
import com.actelion.research.chem.*;
import com.actelion.research.chem.conf.Conformer;
import com.actelion.research.chem.conf.TorsionDB;
import com.actelion.research.chem.conf.VDWRadii;
import com.actelion.research.util.DoubleFormat;
import com.actelion.research.util.IntArrayComparator;
import org.openmolecules.chem.conf.so.ConformationSelfOrganizer;
import org.openmolecules.chem.conf.so.SelfOrganizedConformer;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.TreeMap;

/**
 * This class generates 3D-conformers of a given molecule using the following strategy:
 * 
  • All rotatable, non-ring bonds are determined. *
  • Fragments separated by rotatable bonds are considered rigid, but there may be more than one possible * fragment conformer, e.g. chair- and boat conformers of a saturated 6-membered ring. *
  • These atom coordinate sets of rigid fragments are handed out by a dedicated RigidFragmentProvider instance, * which either generates them using a self organization algorithm, or which takes it from a cache. *
  • For every rotatable bond a list of preferred torsion angles is determined based on from a COD statistics * of similar bond environments. *
  • For individual torsion values likelihoods are estimated based on frequency and atom collisions of vicinal fragments. *
  • A dedicated (systematic, biased or random) torsion set strategy delivers collision-free torsion sets, i.e. conformers. *

    * For generating conformers in multiple threads, every thread needs its own ConformerGenerator instance. * If they use a RigidFragmentCache, then the cache is shared among all ConformerGenerators.
    * Important: Input molecules should contain absolute stereo centers. If they contain undefined or ESR type '&' or 'or' * stereo centers, then a ConformerGenerator randomly takes one of the possible stereo isomers and generates conformers * for that. If you want conformers for all possible stereo isomers of a molecules with non-absolute stereo centers, * you should use a StereoIsomerEnumerator to produce all possible stereo isomers and then produce conformers for every * one of them. If half of a set of stereo isomers consists of the enantiomers of the other half, then it is advisable * to generate conformes for one half only and to generate the second half by just mirroring the first halfs coordinates. * To do that use option skipEnantiomers==true create a mirrored set of conformers, if isSkippingEnantiomers() of the * StereoIsomerEnumerator returns true. */ public class ConformerGenerator { public static final int STRATEGY_LIKELY_SYSTEMATIC = 1; public static final int STRATEGY_PURE_RANDOM = 2; public static final int STRATEGY_LIKELY_RANDOM = 3; public static final int STRATEGY_ADAPTIVE_RANDOM = 4; protected static final double VDW_TOLERANCE_HYDROGEN = 0.90; // factor on VDW radii for minimum tolerated non bound atom distances protected static final double VDW_TOLERANCE_OTHER = 0.90; // factor on VDW radii for minimum tolerated non bound atom distances private static final int ESCAPE_ANGLE = 8; // degrees to rotate two adjacent rotatable bonds to escape collisions private static final int ESCAPE_STEPS = 3; // how often we apply this rotation trying to solve the collision private static final double MIN_ESCAPE_GAIN_PER_STEP = 1.0; // We try to translate arbitrary collision values into a kcal/mol energy scale public static final double COLLISION_STRAIN_TO_ENERGY_FACTOR = 20; private StereoMolecule mMolecule; private TreeMap mBaseConformerMap; private RotatableBond[] mRotatableBond; private RigidFragment[] mRigidFragment; private ConformationSelfOrganizer mSelfOrganizer; private final RigidFragmentProvider mRigidFragmentProvider; private TorsionSetStrategy mTorsionSetStrategy; private TorsionSet mTorsionSet; private final long mRandomSeed; private long mTimeOut,mStopMillis; private int mDisconnectedFragmentCount,mAllConformerCount,mReturnedConformerCount; private boolean mUseSelfOrganizerIfAllFails,mIsDiagnosticsMode,mIsFinished; private int[] mFragmentNo,mDisconnectedFragmentNo,mDisconnectedFragmentSize; private boolean[][] mSkipCollisionCheck; private final Random mRandom; private ThreadMaster mThreadMaster; private ConformerSetDiagnostics mDiagnostics; /** * Assuming that the given molecule has 2D-coordinates, this method * converts all implicit hydrogen atoms into explicit ones by filling valences * and adapting for atom charges. New hydrogen atoms receive new 2D-coordinates * by equally locating them between those two neighbors with the widest angle between * their bonds. Any stereo configurations deducible from 2D-coordinates are retained. * @param mol */ public static void addHydrogenAtoms(StereoMolecule mol) { // We may have parities but empty coordinates. In this case we need to protect parities. int oldStereoHelperBits = mol.getHelperArrayStatus() & Molecule.cHelperBitsStereo; mol.ensureHelperArrays(Molecule.cHelperNeighbours); int[] implicitHydrogen = new int[mol.getAtoms()]; for (int atom=0; atom mStopMillis); } /** * Fills all free valences of mol with explicit hydrogens and tries to * create a reasonable conformer by starting with the most likely torsion set. * If there are collisions, then less likely torsions are tried to find * a collision free conformer. If it succeeds, mol receives the modified * atom coordinates and mol is returned. If the conformer generation fails, * then null is returned. The torsion strategy used is STRATEGY_ADAPTIVE_RANDOM. * New 3D-coordinates correctly reflect E/Z and R/S bond/atom parities. * This is a convenience method that does not require any initialization. * @param mol the molecule that receive new 3D coordinates in place * @return original molecule with new 3D-coordinates or null */ public StereoMolecule getOneConformerAsMolecule(StereoMolecule mol) { Conformer conformer = getOneConformer(mol); return (conformer == null) ? null : conformer.toMolecule(mol); } /** * Fills all free valences of mol with explicit hydrogens and tries to * create a reasonable conformer by starting with the most likely torsion set. * If there are collisions, then less likely torsions are tried to find * a collision free conformer. If this fails, then null is returned. * The torsion strategy used is STRATEGY_ADAPTIVE_RANDOM. * New 3D-coordinates correctly reflect E/Z and R/S bond/atom parities. * This is a convenience method that does not require any initialization. * @param mol the molecule from which to create the conformer */ public Conformer getOneConformer(StereoMolecule mol) { if (!initialize(mol, false)) return null; if (mRotatableBond != null) { mTorsionSetStrategy = new TorsionSetStrategyAdaptiveRandom(this, true, true, mRandomSeed); mTorsionSetStrategy.setMaxTotalCount(400); mBaseConformerMap = new TreeMap<>(new IntArrayComparator()); return getNextConformer(); } else { ConformationSelfOrganizer sampler = new ConformationSelfOrganizer(mol, true); sampler.setThreadMaster(mThreadMaster); sampler.setStopTime(mStopMillis); Conformer conformer = sampler.generateOneConformer(mRandomSeed); separateDisconnectedFragments(conformer); conformer.setName("SO#1"); return conformer; } } /** * Don't call this method directly. Rather call initializeConformers() !!! * Adds implicit hydrogens to the molecule and determines all rotatable bonds, * which are not part of a ring. Generates rigid fragments between rotatable bonds. * The base conformer is constructed by connecting all rigid fragments using the * most frequent torsions. Atoms of different fragments in the base conformer may * collide. In order to obtain collision free conformers choose a TorsionStrategy * and call getNextConformer() at least once. * @param mol * @param use60degreeSteps use 60 degree steps for every rotatable bond instead of torsion DB */ protected boolean initialize(StereoMolecule mol, boolean use60degreeSteps) { applyTimeOut(); mSelfOrganizer = null; mol.ensureHelperArrays(Molecule.cHelperNeighbours); for (int atom=0; atom mol.getMaxValence(atom)) return false; addHydrogenAtoms(mol); // we need to protect explicit hydrogens in the fragments that we create from mol mol.setHydrogenProtection(true); int[] atomParity = null; int[] bondParity = null; boolean[] atomParityIsPseudo = null; boolean[] bondParityIsPseudo = null; // if we have parities and no atom coordinates, parities cannot be correctly recreated // by the Canonizer and, thus, need to be cached and copied back after the symmetry detection. if ((mol.getHelperArrayStatus() & Molecule.cHelperBitParities) != 0) { atomParity = new int[mol.getAtoms()]; atomParityIsPseudo = new boolean[mol.getAtoms()]; for (int atom=0; atom Integer.compare(b2.getSmallerSideAtoms().length, b1.getSmallerSideAtoms().length) ); if (mIsDiagnosticsMode) mDiagnostics = new ConformerSetDiagnostics(this); // TODO this is actually only used with random conformers. Using a conformer mode // may save some time, if systematic conformers are created. initializeCollisionCheck(); return true; } /** * After calling initializeConformers() this method returns the number of rotatable bonds, * which are used to separate the molecule into rigid fragments. * @return */ public int getRotatableBondCount() { return mRotatableBond == null ? 0 : mRotatableBond.length; } public TreeMap getBaseConformerMap() { return mBaseConformerMap; } public TorsionSetStrategy getTorsionSetStrategy() { return mTorsionSetStrategy; } public BaseConformer getBaseConformer(int[] fragmentPermutation) { BaseConformer baseConformer = mBaseConformerMap.get(fragmentPermutation); if (baseConformer != null) return baseConformer; baseConformer = new BaseConformer(mMolecule, mRigidFragment, mRotatableBond, fragmentPermutation, mRandom); //printDebugConformers(baseConformer); mBaseConformerMap.put(fragmentPermutation.clone(), baseConformer); return baseConformer; } /** * Creates the next random, likely or systematic new(!) conformer of the molecule * that was passed when calling initializeConformers(). A new conformer is one, * whose combination of torsion angles was not used in a previous conformer * created by this function since the last call of initializeConformers(). * If parameter mol is null, then a compact copy of the original molecule with the new * coordinates is returned. You may pass the original molecule or a copy of it to * recycle the original molecule to receive new 3D coordinates. * Every call of this method creates a new collision-free conformer until the employed torsion set * strategy decides that it cannot generate any more suitable torsion sets. * @param mol null or molecule used during initialization or a copy of it * @return conformer or null, if all/maximum torsion permutations have been tried */ public StereoMolecule getNextConformerAsMolecule(StereoMolecule mol) { Conformer conformer = getNextConformer(); return (conformer == null) ? null : conformer.toMolecule(mol); } public Conformer getNextConformer() { return getNextConformer(null); } /** * Creates the next random, likely or systematic new(!) conformer of the molecule * that was passed when calling initializeConformers(). A new conformer is one, * whose combination of torsion angles was not used in a previous conformer * created by this function since the last call of initializeConformers(). * Every call of this method creates a new collision-free conformer until the employed torsion set * strategy decides that it cannot generate any more suitable torsion sets. * @param torsionSetHolder : will contain the TorsionSet that gave rise to the conformer. * @return conformer or null, if all/maximum torsion permutations have been tried */ public Conformer getNextConformer(TorsionSet[] torsionSetHolder) { if (mRotatableBond == null && mSelfOrganizer == null) return null; if (mSelfOrganizer != null) { SelfOrganizedConformer conformer = mSelfOrganizer.getNextConformer(); if (conformer != null) { separateDisconnectedFragments(conformer); mReturnedConformerCount++; conformer.setName("SO#"+(++mAllConformerCount)); return conformer; } return null; } if (mIsFinished) return null; // create a base conformer from first set of fragments and calculate torsion likelihoods if (mBaseConformerMap.isEmpty()) getBaseConformer(new int[mRigidFragment.length]); mTorsionSet = mTorsionSetStrategy.getNextTorsionSet(mTorsionSet, mDiagnostics); while (mTorsionSet != null && !mustStop()) { BaseConformer baseConformer = getBaseConformer(mTorsionSet.getConformerIndexes()); if (mTorsionSet.getConformer() == null) { mTorsionSet.setConformer(baseConformer.deriveConformer(mTorsionSet.getTorsionIndexes(), "#" + (++mAllConformerCount))); if (mIsDiagnosticsMode) mDiagnostics.addNew(mTorsionSet); } // If the torsionSet has already a collision value, then it is a second choice torsion set // with a collision value below the tolerance. No need to check or fix again. if (mTorsionSet.getCollisionStrainSum() == 0.0) { calculateCollision(mTorsionSet, mTorsionSet.getConformer()); if (mTorsionSet.getCollisionStrainSum() != 0.0) tryFixCollisions(baseConformer, mTorsionSet); if (mIsDiagnosticsMode) { mDiagnostics.get(mTorsionSet).setConformer(baseConformer, mTorsionSet.getConformer()); mDiagnostics.get(mTorsionSet).setCollisionStrain(mTorsionSet.getCollisionStrainSum()); } } if (mTorsionSet.getCollisionStrainSum() > mTorsionSetStrategy.calculateCollisionTolerance()) { mTorsionSet = mTorsionSetStrategy.getNextTorsionSet(mTorsionSet, mDiagnostics); if (mTorsionSet != null || mReturnedConformerCount != 0) continue; if (mUseSelfOrganizerIfAllFails) { // We couldn't create torsion strategy based conformers: switch to self organizer! mSelfOrganizer = new ConformationSelfOrganizer(mMolecule, true); mSelfOrganizer.setThreadMaster(mThreadMaster); mSelfOrganizer.setStopTime(mStopMillis); mSelfOrganizer.initializeConformers(mRandomSeed, -1); SelfOrganizedConformer conformer = mSelfOrganizer.getNextConformer(); if (conformer != null) { separateDisconnectedFragments(conformer); mReturnedConformerCount++; conformer.setName("SO#"+(++mAllConformerCount)); return conformer; } } // we didn't get any torsion set that didn't collide; take the best we had mTorsionSet = mTorsionSetStrategy.getBestCollidingTorsionIndexes(); mIsFinished = true; // we are finished with conformers } if (mTorsionSet != null) { separateDisconnectedFragments(mTorsionSet.getConformer()); mTorsionSet.setUsed(); mReturnedConformerCount++; if(torsionSetHolder != null) torsionSetHolder[0] = new TorsionSet(mTorsionSet); if (mIsDiagnosticsMode) mDiagnostics.get(mTorsionSet).setSuccess(true); return mTorsionSet.getConformer(); } // This poses the danger to produce highly strained unrealistic conformers, e.g. for impossible compounds... // else if (mReturnedConformerCount == 0) { // // We couldn't create torsion strategy based conformers: try creating one conformer with self organizer! // ConformationSelfOrganizer sampler = new ConformationSelfOrganizer(mMolecule, true); // sampler.setThreadMaster(mThreadMaster); // sampler.setStopTime(mStopMillis); // Conformer conformer = sampler.generateOneConformer(mRandomSeed); // separateDisconnectedFragments(conformer); // mReturnedConformerCount++; // conformer.setName("SO#1"); // return conformer; // } } return null; } /*private void printDebugConformers(BaseConformer bc) { int degreesA = bc.getBondTorsion(mRotatableBond[0].getBond()); int degreesB = bc.getBondTorsion(mRotatableBond[1].getBond()); System.out.println("Startangles A:"+degreesA+" B:"+degreesB); System.out.println("idcode\tidcoords\tdegrees A\tdegrees B"); for (int degrees=0; degrees<100; degrees+=20) { Conformer co = new Conformer(bc); bc.rotateTo(co, mRotatableBond[0], (short)(degreesA + degrees)); Canonizer ca = new Canonizer(co.toMolecule(null)); System.out.println(ca.getIDCode() + "\t" + ca.getEncodedCoordinates() + "\t" + degrees +"\t0"); } for (int degrees=0; degrees<100; degrees+=20) { Conformer co = new Conformer(bc); bc.rotateTo(co, mRotatableBond[1], (short)(degreesB + degrees)); Canonizer ca = new Canonizer(co.toMolecule(null)); System.out.println(ca.getIDCode() + "\t" + ca.getEncodedCoordinates() + "\t0\t" + degrees); } }*/ /** * @return count of valid delivered conformers */ public int getConformerCount() { return mReturnedConformerCount; } /** * Calculates the potential count of conformers by multiplying degrees of freedom * (torsions per rotatable bond & rigid fragment multiplicities). * Cannot be called before calling initializeConformers(). * @return */ public int getPotentialConformerCount() { return (mTorsionSetStrategy == null) ? 1 : mTorsionSetStrategy.getPermutationCount(); } /** * If a molecule has at least one rotatable bond if all permutations * of torsions collide beyond a tolerated strain, then the standard * behaviour of this class is to return that clashing conformer with * the lowest strain.
    * If passing true to this method, the ConformerGenerator will use * the ConformerSelfOrganizer in these cases to generate conformers. * getNextConformer will then deliver conformers until the self organization * fails to create new conformers. * @param b */ public void setUseSelfOrganizerIfAllFails(boolean b) { mUseSelfOrganizerIfAllFails = b; } /** * One of the initializeConformers() methods needs to be called, before getting individual * conformers of the same molecule by getNextConformer(). * Open valences of the passed molecule are filled with hydrogen atoms. * The passed molecule may repeatedly be used as container for a new conformer's atom * coordinates, if it is passed as parameter to getNextConformer(). * This method uses the STRATEGY_LIKELY_RANDOM strategy with a maximum of 100.000 distinct * torsion sets and uses torsions from crystallographic data. * @param mol will be saturated with hydrogen atoms * @return false if there is a structure problem */ public boolean initializeConformers(StereoMolecule mol) { return initializeConformers(mol, STRATEGY_LIKELY_RANDOM, 100000, false); } /** * One of the initializeConformers() methods needs to be called, before getting individual * conformers of the same molecule by getNextConformer(). * Open valences of the passed molecule are filled with hydrogen atoms. * The passed molecule may repeatedly be used as container for a new conformer's atom * coordinates, if it is passed as parameter to getNextConformer(). * @param mol will be saturated with hydrogen atoms * @param strategy one of the STRATEGY_ constants * @param maxTorsionSets maximum number of distinct torsion sets the strategy will try (default 100000) * @param use60degreeSteps use 60 degree steps for every rotatable bond instead of torsion DB * @return false if there is a structure problem */ public boolean initializeConformers(StereoMolecule mol, int strategy, int maxTorsionSets, boolean use60degreeSteps) { if (!initialize(mol, use60degreeSteps)) return false; if (mRotatableBond == null) { mSelfOrganizer = new ConformationSelfOrganizer(mol, true); mSelfOrganizer.setThreadMaster(mThreadMaster); mSelfOrganizer.setStopTime(mStopMillis); mSelfOrganizer.initializeConformers(mRandomSeed, -1); } else { mBaseConformerMap = new TreeMap<>(new IntArrayComparator()); switch(strategy) { case STRATEGY_PURE_RANDOM: mTorsionSetStrategy = new TorsionSetStrategyRandom(this, false, mRandomSeed); break; case STRATEGY_LIKELY_RANDOM: mTorsionSetStrategy = new TorsionSetStrategyRandom(this, true, mRandomSeed); break; case STRATEGY_ADAPTIVE_RANDOM: mTorsionSetStrategy = new TorsionSetStrategyAdaptiveRandom(this, true, true, mRandomSeed); break; case STRATEGY_LIKELY_SYSTEMATIC: mTorsionSetStrategy = new TorsionSetStrategyLikelySystematic(this); break; } mTorsionSetStrategy.setMaxTotalCount(maxTorsionSets); } return true; } public RotatableBond[] getRotatableBonds() { return mRotatableBond; } public RigidFragment[] getRigidFragments() { return mRigidFragment; } /** * Moves disconnected fragments along Z-axis such that there is an * empty z-space SEPARATION_DISTANCE thick between the fragments. * @param conformer */ private void separateDisconnectedFragments(Conformer conformer) { final double SEPARATION_DISTANCE = 3.0; if (mDisconnectedFragmentCount > 1) { double[] meanX = new double[mDisconnectedFragmentCount]; double[] meanY = new double[mDisconnectedFragmentCount]; double[] minZ = new double[mDisconnectedFragmentCount]; double[] maxZ = new double[mDisconnectedFragmentCount]; for (int i=0; i conformer.getZ(atom)) minZ[mDisconnectedFragmentNo[atom]] = conformer.getZ(atom); if (maxZ[mDisconnectedFragmentNo[atom]] < conformer.getZ(atom)) maxZ[mDisconnectedFragmentNo[atom]] = conformer.getZ(atom); } for (int i=0; i TorsionSetStrategy.MAX_COLLISION_STRAIN) return false; Conformer conformer = null; Conformer localBest = null; Conformer globalBest = null; double bestCollisionStrain = Double.MAX_VALUE; double origCollisionStrainSum = torsionSet.getCollisionStrainSum(); for (int f1=1; f1 MIN_ESCAPE_GAIN_PER_STEP && mTorsionSetStrategy.getBondsBetweenFragments(f1, f2).length == 2) { int[] rbIndex = mTorsionSetStrategy.getBondsBetweenFragments(f1, f2); int[] startTorsion = new int[2]; for (int i=0; i<2; i++) { RotatableBond rotatableBond = mRotatableBond[rbIndex[i]]; startTorsion[i] = torsionSet.getConformer().getBondTorsion(rotatableBond.getBond()); // short[] torsionRange = rotatableBond.getDefaultTorsionRanges()[torsionSet.getTorsionIndexes()[rbIndex[i]]]; } int[] torsionDif = new int[2]; for (int r1=-1; r1<=1; r1+=2) { torsionDif[0] = r1 * ESCAPE_ANGLE; for (int r2=-1; r2<=1; r2+=2) { torsionDif[1] = r2 * ESCAPE_ANGLE; double collisionStrain = origCollisionStrainMatrix[f1][f2]; for (int step=1; step<=ESCAPE_STEPS; step++) { if (conformer == null) conformer = new Conformer(torsionSet.getConformer()); else conformer.copyFrom(torsionSet.getConformer()); for (int i=0; i<2; i++) baseConformer.rotateTo(conformer, mRotatableBond[rbIndex[i]], (short)(startTorsion[i] + step * torsionDif[i])); double strain = calculateCollisionStrain(conformer, mRigidFragment[f1], mRigidFragment[f2]); if (strain < collisionStrain - MIN_ESCAPE_GAIN_PER_STEP) { collisionStrain = strain; if (localBest == null) localBest = new Conformer(conformer); else localBest.copyFrom(conformer); // not enough collision strain left for correction if (collisionStrain < MIN_ESCAPE_GAIN_PER_STEP) break; } else { break; } } if (collisionStrain < origCollisionStrainMatrix[f1][f2] && collisionStrain < bestCollisionStrain) { bestCollisionStrain = collisionStrain; if (globalBest == null) globalBest = new Conformer(localBest); else globalBest.copyFrom(localBest); } } } } } } } if (globalBest == null) return false; calculateCollision(torsionSet, globalBest); if (torsionSet.getCollisionStrainSum() >= origCollisionStrainSum) { // local improvement causes worsening somewhere else torsionSet.setCollisionStrain(origCollisionStrainSum, origCollisionStrainMatrix); return false; } torsionSet.getConformer().copyFrom(globalBest); return true; } private double calculateCollisionStrain(Conformer conformer, RigidFragment f1, RigidFragment f2) { double collisionStrainSum = 0; for (int i=0; i




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