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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.lang;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import org.apache.commons.lang.exception.CloneFailedException;
import org.apache.commons.lang.reflect.MethodUtils;

/**
 * 

Operations on Object.

* *

This class tries to handle null input gracefully. * An exception will generally not be thrown for a null input. * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.

* *

#ThreadSafe#

* @author Apache Software Foundation * @author Nissim Karpenstein * @author Janek Bogucki * @author Daniel L. Rall * @author Gary Gregory * @author Mario Winterer * @author David J. M. Karlsen * @since 1.0 * @version $Id: ObjectUtils.java 1057434 2011-01-11 01:27:37Z niallp $ */ // @Immutable@deprecated Commons Lang 2 is in maintenance mode. Commons Lang 3 should be used instead. @Deprecated(since = "2021-04-30") public class ObjectUtils { /** *

Singleton used as a null placeholder where * null has another meaning.

* *

For example, in a HashMap the * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns * null if the Map contains * null or if there is no matching key. The * Null placeholder can be used to distinguish between * these two cases.

* *

Another example is Hashtable, where null * cannot be stored.

* *

This instance is Serializable.

*/ public static final Null NULL = new Null(); /** *

ObjectUtils instances should NOT be constructed in * standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");.

* *

This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance * to operate.

*/ public ObjectUtils() { super(); } // Defaulting // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** *

Returns a default value if the object passed is * null.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
     * 
* * @param object the Object to test, may be null * @param defaultValue the default value to return, may be null * @return object if it is not null, defaultValue otherwise */ public static Object defaultIfNull(Object object, Object defaultValue) { return object != null ? object : defaultValue; } /** *

Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both * objects may be null.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
     * 
* * @param object1 the first object, may be null * @param object2 the second object, may be null * @return true if the values of both objects are the same */ public static boolean equals(Object object1, Object object2) { if (object1 == object2) { return true; } if ((object1 == null) || (object2 == null)) { return false; } return object1.equals(object2); } /** *

Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both * objects may be null.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
     * 
* * @param object1 the first object, may be null * @param object2 the second object, may be null * @return false if the values of both objects are the same * @since 2.6 */ public static boolean notEqual(Object object1, Object object2) { return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false; } /** *

Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the * object is null.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
     * 
* * @param obj the object to obtain the hash code of, may be null * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null * @since 2.1 */ public static int hashCode(Object obj) { return (obj == null) ? 0 : obj.hashCode(); } // Identity ToString // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** *

Gets the toString that would be produced by Object * if a class did not override toString itself. null * will return null.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
     * 
* * @param object the object to create a toString for, may be * null * @return the default toString text, or null if * null passed in */ public static String identityToString(Object object) { if (object == null) { return null; } StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); identityToString(buffer, object); return buffer.toString(); } /** *

Appends the toString that would be produced by Object * if a class did not override toString itself. null * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
     * 
* * @param buffer the buffer to append to * @param object the object to create a toString for * @since 2.4 */ public static void identityToString(StringBuffer buffer, Object object) { if (object == null) { throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity"); } buffer.append(object.getClass().getName()).append('@').append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object))); } /** *

Appends the toString that would be produced by Object * if a class did not override toString itself. null * will return null.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.appendIdentityToString(*, null)            = null
     * ObjectUtils.appendIdentityToString(null, "")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
     * ObjectUtils.appendIdentityToString(null, Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
     * ObjectUtils.appendIdentityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
     * 
* * @param buffer the buffer to append to, may be null * @param object the object to create a toString for, may be null * @return the default toString text, or null if * null passed in * @since 2.0 * @deprecated The design of this method is bad - see LANG-360. Instead, use identityToString(StringBuffer, Object). */ public static StringBuffer appendIdentityToString(StringBuffer buffer, Object object) { if (object == null) { return null; } if (buffer == null) { buffer = new StringBuffer(); } return buffer.append(object.getClass().getName()).append('@').append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object))); } // ToString // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** *

Gets the toString of an Object returning * an empty string ("") if null input.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
     * 
* * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String) * @see String#valueOf(Object) * @param obj the Object to toString, may be null * @return the passed in Object's toString, or nullStr if null input * @since 2.0 */ public static String toString(Object obj) { return obj == null ? "" : obj.toString(); } /** *

Gets the toString of an Object returning * a specified text if null input.

* *
     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
     * 
* * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String) * @see String#valueOf(Object) * @param obj the Object to toString, may be null * @param nullStr the String to return if null input, may be null * @return the passed in Object's toString, or nullStr if null input * @since 2.0 */ public static String toString(Object obj, String nullStr) { return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString(); } // Min/Max // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Null safe comparison of Comparables. * * @param c1 the first comparable, may be null * @param c2 the second comparable, may be null * @return *
    *
  • If both objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object. *
  • If both objects are non-null and equal, c1. *
  • If one of the comparables is null, the non-null object. *
  • If both the comparables are null, null is returned. *
*/ public static Object min(Comparable c1, Comparable c2) { return (compare(c1, c2, true) <= 0 ? c1 : c2); } /** * Null safe comparison of Comparables. * * @param c1 the first comparable, may be null * @param c2 the second comparable, may be null * @return *
    *
  • If both objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object. *
  • If both objects are non-null and equal, c1. *
  • If one of the comparables is null, the non-null object. *
  • If both the comparables are null, null is returned. *
*/ public static Object max(Comparable c1, Comparable c2) { return (compare(c1, c2, false) >= 0 ? c1 : c2); } /** * Null safe comparison of Comparables. * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value. * * @param c1 the first comparable, may be null * @param c2 the second comparable, may be null * @return a negative value if c1 < c2, zero if c1 = c2 * and a positive value if c1 > c2 * @since 2.6 */ public static int compare(Comparable c1, Comparable c2) { return compare(c1, c2, false); } /** * Null safe comparison of Comparables. * * @param c1 the first comparable, may be null * @param c2 the second comparable, may be null * @param nullGreater if true null is considered greater * than a Non-null value or if false null is * considered less than a Non-null value * @return a negative value if c1 < c2, zero if c1 = c2 * and a positive value if c1 > c2 * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object) * @since 2.6 */ public static int compare(Comparable c1, Comparable c2, boolean nullGreater) { if (c1 == c2) { return 0; } else if (c1 == null) { return (nullGreater ? 1 : -1); } else if (c2 == null) { return (nullGreater ? -1 : 1); } return c1.compareTo(c2); } /** * Clone an object. * * @param o the object to clone * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise null * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails * @since 2.6 */ public static Object clone(final Object o) { if (o instanceof Cloneable) { final Object result; if (o.getClass().isArray()) { final Class componentType = o.getClass().getComponentType(); if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) { result = ((Object[]) o).clone(); } else { int length = Array.getLength(o); result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length); while (length-- > 0) { Array.set(result, length, Array.get(o, length)); } } } else { try { result = MethodUtils.invokeMethod(o, "clone", null); } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type " + o.getClass().getName() + " has no clone method", e); } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) { throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type " + o.getClass().getName(), e); } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) { throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type " + o.getClass().getName(), e.getTargetException()); } } return result; } return null; } /** * Clone an object if possible. This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will * return the provided instance as the return value instead of null if the instance * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change. * * @param o the object to clone * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails * @since 2.6 */ public static Object cloneIfPossible(final Object o) { final Object clone = clone(o); return clone == null ? o : clone; } // Null // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /** *

Class used as a null placeholder where null * has another meaning.

* *

For example, in a HashMap the * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns * null if the Map contains * null or if there is no matching key. The * Null placeholder can be used to distinguish between * these two cases.

* *

Another example is Hashtable, where null * cannot be stored.

* * @deprecated Commons Lang 2 is in maintenance mode. Commons Lang 3 should be used instead. */ @Deprecated(since = "2021-04-30") public static class Null implements Serializable { /** * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0 * * @see java.io.Serializable */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L; /** * Restricted constructor - singleton. */ Null() { super(); } /** *

Ensure singleton.

* * @return the singleton value */ private Object readResolve() { return ObjectUtils.NULL; } } }




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