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Lucene Collation Package
Unicode collation support.
Collation
converts each token into its binary CollationKey using the
provided Collator, allowing it to be stored as an index term.
Use Cases
-
Efficient sorting of terms in languages that use non-Unicode character
orderings. (Lucene Sort using a Locale can be very slow.)
-
Efficient range queries over fields that contain terms in languages that
use non-Unicode character orderings. (Range queries using a Locale can be
very slow.)
-
Effective Locale-specific normalization (case differences, diacritics, etc.).
({@link org.apache.lucene.analysis.core.LowerCaseFilter} and
{@link org.apache.lucene.analysis.miscellaneous.ASCIIFoldingFilter} provide these services
in a generic way that doesn't take into account locale-specific needs.)
Example Usages
Farsi Range Queries
// "fa" Locale is not supported by Sun JDK 1.4 or 1.5
Collator collator = Collator.getInstance(new Locale("ar"));
CollationKeyAnalyzer analyzer = new CollationKeyAnalyzer(version, collator);
RAMDirectory ramDir = new RAMDirectory();
IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(ramDir, new IndexWriterConfig(version, analyzer));
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new TextField("content", "\u0633\u0627\u0628", Field.Store.YES));
writer.addDocument(doc);
writer.close();
IndexReader ir = DirectoryReader.open(ramDir);
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(ir);
QueryParser aqp = new QueryParser(version, "content", analyzer);
aqp.setAnalyzeRangeTerms(true);
// Unicode order would include U+0633 in [ U+062F - U+0698 ], but Farsi
// orders the U+0698 character before the U+0633 character, so the single
// indexed Term above should NOT be returned by a ConstantScoreRangeQuery
// with a Farsi Collator (or an Arabic one for the case when Farsi is not
// supported).
ScoreDoc[] result
= is.search(aqp.parse("[ \u062F TO \u0698 ]"), null, 1000).scoreDocs;
assertEquals("The index Term should not be included.", 0, result.length);
Danish Sorting
Analyzer analyzer
= new CollationKeyAnalyzer(version, Collator.getInstance(new Locale("da", "dk")));
RAMDirectory indexStore = new RAMDirectory();
IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(indexStore, new IndexWriterConfig(version, analyzer));
String[] tracer = new String[] { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" };
String[] data = new String[] { "HAT", "HUT", "H\u00C5T", "H\u00D8T", "HOT" };
String[] sortedTracerOrder = new String[] { "A", "E", "B", "D", "C" };
for (int i = 0 ; i < data.length ; ++i) {
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new StoredField("tracer", tracer[i]));
doc.add(new TextField("contents", data[i], Field.Store.NO));
writer.addDocument(doc);
}
writer.close();
IndexReader ir = DirectoryReader.open(indexStore);
IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(ir);
Sort sort = new Sort();
sort.setSort(new SortField("contents", SortField.STRING));
Query query = new MatchAllDocsQuery();
ScoreDoc[] result = searcher.search(query, null, 1000, sort).scoreDocs;
for (int i = 0 ; i < result.length ; ++i) {
Document doc = searcher.doc(result[i].doc);
assertEquals(sortedTracerOrder[i], doc.getValues("tracer")[0]);
}
Turkish Case Normalization
Collator collator = Collator.getInstance(new Locale("tr", "TR"));
collator.setStrength(Collator.PRIMARY);
Analyzer analyzer = new CollationKeyAnalyzer(version, collator);
RAMDirectory ramDir = new RAMDirectory();
IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(ramDir, new IndexWriterConfig(version, analyzer));
Document doc = new Document();
doc.add(new TextField("contents", "DIGY", Field.Store.NO));
writer.addDocument(doc);
writer.close();
IndexReader ir = DirectoryReader.open(ramDir);
IndexSearcher is = new IndexSearcher(ir);
QueryParser parser = new QueryParser(version, "contents", analyzer);
Query query = parser.parse("d\u0131gy"); // U+0131: dotless i
ScoreDoc[] result = is.search(query, null, 1000).scoreDocs;
assertEquals("The index Term should be included.", 1, result.length);
Caveats and Comparisons
WARNING: Make sure you use exactly the same
Collator at index and query time -- CollationKeys
are only comparable when produced by
the same Collator. Since {@link java.text.RuleBasedCollator}s
are not independently versioned, it is unsafe to search against stored
CollationKeys unless the following are exactly the same (best
practice is to store this information with the index and check that they
remain the same at query time):
- JVM vendor
- JVM version, including patch version
-
The language (and country and variant, if specified) of the Locale
used when constructing the collator via
{@link java.text.Collator#getInstance(java.util.Locale)}.
-
The collation strength used - see {@link java.text.Collator#setStrength(int)}
ICUCollationKeyAnalyzer, available in the icu analysis module,
uses ICU4J's Collator, which
makes its version available, thus allowing collation to be versioned
independently from the JVM. ICUCollationKeyAnalyzer is also
significantly faster and generates significantly shorter keys than
CollationKeyAnalyzer. See
http://site.icu-project.org/charts/collation-icu4j-sun for key
generation timing and key length comparisons between ICU4J and
java.text.Collator over several languages.
CollationKeys generated by java.text.Collators are
not compatible with those those generated by ICU Collators. Specifically, if
you use CollationKeyAnalyzer to generate index terms, do not use
ICUCollationKeyAnalyzer on the query side, or vice versa.