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The AWS Java SDK for Amazon DynamoDB module holds the client classes that are used for communicating with Amazon DynamoDB Service

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/*
 * Copyright 2014-2022 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *    http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
 *
 * This file is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES
 * OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling;

import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.BinaryAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.BinarySetAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.BooleanAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.ListAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.MapAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.NumberAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.NumberSetAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.StringAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.ArgumentMarshaller.StringSetAttributeMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.DynamoDBMapperFieldModel.DynamoDBAttributeType;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.StandardBeanProperties.Bean;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.StandardModelFactories.Rule;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.StandardModelFactories.RuleFactory;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.BooleanSetToNumberSetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.BooleanToBooleanMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.BooleanToNumberMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.ByteArraySetToBinarySetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.ByteArrayToBinaryMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.ByteBufferSetToBinarySetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.ByteBufferToBinaryMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.CalendarSetToStringSetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.CalendarToStringMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.CollectionToListMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.CustomMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.DateSetToStringSetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.DateToStringMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.MapToMapMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.NumberToNumberMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.ObjectSetToStringSetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.ObjectToMapMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.ObjectToStringMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.S3LinkToStringMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.StringSetToStringSetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.StringToStringMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.marshallers.UUIDSetToStringSetMarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.BigDecimalSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.BigDecimalUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.BigIntegerSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.BigIntegerUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.BooleanSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.BooleanUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ByteArraySetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ByteArrayUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ByteBufferSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ByteBufferUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ByteSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ByteUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.CalendarSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.CalendarUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.CustomUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.DateSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.DateUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.DoubleSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.DoubleUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.FloatSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.FloatUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.IntegerSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.IntegerUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ListUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.LongSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.LongUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.MapUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.NullableUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ObjectSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ObjectUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.S3LinkUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ShortSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.ShortUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.StringSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.StringUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.UUIDSetUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.unmarshallers.UUIDUnmarshaller;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.AttributeValue;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Pre-defined strategies for mapping between Java types and DynamoDB types.
 */
public final class ConversionSchemas {

    private static final Log LOGGER =
            LogFactory.getLog(ConversionSchemas.class);

    /**
     * The V1 schema mapping, which retains strict backwards compatibility with
     * the original DynamoDB data model. In particular, it marshals Java
     * Booleans as DynamoDB Numbers rather than the newer Boolean type, and does
     * not support marshaling Lists or Maps. It can unmarshal
     * values written in newer formats to ease migration.
     * 

     * Use me if you have other code still using an old version of the SDK that
     * does not understand the new List and Map types and want to ensure that
     * you don't accidentally start writing values using these types.
     */
    public static final ConversionSchema V1 = v1Builder("V1ConversionSchema").build();

    /**
     * A V2 conversion schema which retains backwards compatibility with the
     * V1 conversion schema for existing DynamoDB types, but adds the ability
     * to marshall recursive structures using the new List and Map types. This
     * is currently the default conversion schema.
     */
    public static final ConversionSchema V2_COMPATIBLE = v2CompatibleBuilder(
            "V2CompatibleConversionSchema").build();

    /**
     * The native V2 conversion schema. This schema breaks compatibility with
     * older versions of the mapper that only support the V1 schema by
     * storing booleans as native DynamoDB Booleans rather than as a 1 or 0
     * in a DynamoDB Number. Switching to the V2 schema will prevent older
     * versions of the mapper from reading items you write that contain
     * booleans.
     */
    public static final ConversionSchema V2 = v2Builder("V2ConversionSchema").build();

    static final ConversionSchema DEFAULT = V2_COMPATIBLE;

    /**
     * A ConversionSchema builder that defaults to building {@link #V1}.
     */
    public static Builder v1Builder(String name) {
        return new Builder(name, V1MarshallerSet.marshallers(), V1MarshallerSet.setMarshallers(),
                           StandardUnmarshallerSet.unmarshallers(),
                           StandardUnmarshallerSet.setUnmarshallers());
    }

    /**
     * A ConversionSchema builder that defaults to building {@link #V2_COMPATIBLE}.
     */
    public static Builder v2CompatibleBuilder(String name) {
        return new Builder(name, V2CompatibleMarshallerSet.marshallers(),
                           V2CompatibleMarshallerSet.setMarshallers(),
                           StandardUnmarshallerSet.unmarshallers(),
                           StandardUnmarshallerSet.setUnmarshallers());
    }

    /**
     * A ConversionSchema builder that defaults to building {@link #V2}.
     */
    public static Builder v2Builder(String name) {
        return new Builder(name, V2MarshallerSet.marshallers(), V2MarshallerSet.setMarshallers(),
                           StandardUnmarshallerSet.unmarshallers(),
                           StandardUnmarshallerSet.setUnmarshallers());
    }

    public static class Builder {

        private final String name;
        private final List> marshallers;
        private final List> setMarshallers;
        private final List> unmarshallers;
        private final List> setUnmarshallers;

        Builder(String name, List> marshallers,
                List> setMarshallers,
                List> unmarshallers,
                List> setUnmarshallers) {
            this.name = name;
            this.marshallers = marshallers;
            this.setMarshallers = setMarshallers;
            this.unmarshallers = unmarshallers;
            this.setUnmarshallers = setUnmarshallers;
        }

        /**
         * Adds marshaling of a type to the schema. Types are in LIFO order, so the last type added
         * will be the first matched.
         */
        public Builder addFirstType(Class clazz, ArgumentMarshaller marshaller,
                                    ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller) {
            this.marshallers.add(0, Pair.of(clazz, marshaller));
            this.unmarshallers.add(0, Pair.of(clazz, unmarshaller));
            return this;
        }

        /**
         * Adds marshaling of a Set of a type to the schema. Types are in LIFO order, so the last
         * type added will be the first matched.
         */
        public Builder addFirstSetType(Class clazz, ArgumentMarshaller marshaller,
                                       ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller) {
            this.setMarshallers.add(0, Pair.of(clazz, marshaller));
            this.setUnmarshallers.add(0, Pair.of(clazz, unmarshaller));
            return this;
        }

        public ConversionSchema build() {
            return new StandardConversionSchema(name, new AbstractMarshallerSet(marshallers,
                                                                                setMarshallers),
                                                new StandardUnmarshallerSet(unmarshallers,
                                                                            setUnmarshallers));
        }
    }

    static class StandardConversionSchema implements ConversionSchema {

        private final String name;
        private final MarshallerSet marshallers;
        private final UnmarshallerSet unmarshallers;

        public StandardConversionSchema(
                String name,
                MarshallerSet marshallers,
                UnmarshallerSet unmarshallers) {

            this.name = name;
            this.marshallers = new CachingMarshallerSet(
                    new AnnotationAwareMarshallerSet(marshallers));

            this.unmarshallers = new CachingUnmarshallerSet(
                    new AnnotationAwareUnmarshallerSet(unmarshallers));
        }

        @Override
        public ItemConverter getConverter(Dependencies dependencies) {

            S3ClientCache s3cc = dependencies.get(S3ClientCache.class);

            return new StandardItemConverter(
                    marshallers,
                    unmarshallers,
                    s3cc);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return name;
        }
    }


    static class StandardItemConverter implements ItemConverter {

        private final MarshallerSet marshallerSet;
        private final UnmarshallerSet unmarshallerSet;
        private final S3ClientCache s3cc;

        public StandardItemConverter(
                MarshallerSet marshallerSet,
                UnmarshallerSet unmarshallerSet,
                S3ClientCache s3cc) {

            this.marshallerSet = marshallerSet;
            this.unmarshallerSet = unmarshallerSet;
            this.s3cc = s3cc;
        }

        @Override
        public DynamoDBMapperFieldModel getFieldModel(Method getter) {
            final ArgumentMarshaller marshaller = getMarshaller(getter);

            final DynamoDBAttributeType attributeType;
            if (marshaller instanceof StringAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.S;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof NumberAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.N;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof BinaryAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.B;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof StringSetAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.SS;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof NumberSetAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.NS;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof BinarySetAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.BS;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof BooleanAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.BOOL;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof ListAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.L;
            } else if (marshaller instanceof MapAttributeMarshaller) {
                attributeType = DynamoDBAttributeType.M;
            } else {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Unrecognized marshaller type for " + getter + ": "
                                + marshaller);
            }

            // Note, generating the attribute name using this method is not
            // actually correct for @DynamoDBFlattened attributes, however,
            // its the best that can be done given only the method. The
            // proper way to get this information is using the model factory.
            final StandardAnnotationMaps.FieldMap annotations = StandardAnnotationMaps.of(getter, null);
            final DynamoDBMapperFieldModel.Builder builder = new DynamoDBMapperFieldModel.Builder(void.class, annotations);
            builder.with(attributeType);
            return builder.build();
        }

        @Override
        public AttributeValue convert(Method getter, Object object) {
            if (object == null) {
                return null;
            }

            ArgumentMarshaller marshaller = getMarshaller(getter);
            return marshaller.marshall(object);
        }

        @Override
        public Map convert(Object object) {
            if (object == null) {
                return null;
            }

            Class clazz = (Class)object.getClass();
            Map result =
                    new HashMap();

            for (final Bean bean : StandardBeanProperties.of(clazz).map().values()) {
                Object getterResult = bean.reflect().get(object);
                if (getterResult != null) {
                    AttributeValue value = convert(bean.type().getter(), getterResult);
                    if (value != null) {
                        result.put(bean.properties().attributeName(), value);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller getMarshaller(Method getter) {
            ArgumentMarshaller marshaller =
                    marshallerSet.getMarshaller(getter);

            marshaller = augment(getter.getGenericReturnType(), marshaller);

            return marshaller;
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller getMemberMarshaller(Type type) {
            ArgumentMarshaller marshaller =
                    marshallerSet.getMemberMarshaller(type);

            marshaller = augment(type, marshaller);

            return marshaller;
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller augment(
                Type type,
                ArgumentMarshaller marshaller) {

            if (marshaller instanceof CollectionToListMarshaller) {
                return getCollectionToListMarshaller(type);
            }

            if (marshaller instanceof MapToMapMarshaller) {
                return getMapToMapMarshaller(type);
            }
            if (marshaller instanceof ObjectToMapMarshaller) {
                return getObjectToMapMarshaller(type);
            }

            return marshaller;
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller getCollectionToListMarshaller(Type type) {
            if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the "
                        + "Collection type " + type + ", which is not "
                        + "parameterized.");
            }

            ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) type;
            Type[] args = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();

            if (args == null || args.length != 1) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the "
                        + "Collection type " + type + "; unexpected number of "
                        + "type arguments.");
            }

            ArgumentMarshaller memberMarshaller =
                    getMemberMarshaller(args[0]);

            return new CollectionToListMarshaller(memberMarshaller);
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller getMapToMapMarshaller(Type type) {
            if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the Map "
                        + "type " + type + ", which is not parameterized.");
            }

            ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) type;
            Type[] args = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();

            if (args == null || args.length != 2) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the Map "
                        + "type " + type + "; unexpected number of type "
                        + "arguments.");
            }

            if (args[0] != String.class) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Only Map is supported.");
            }

            ArgumentMarshaller memberMarshaller =
                    getMemberMarshaller(args[1]);

            return new MapToMapMarshaller(memberMarshaller);
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller getObjectToMapMarshaller(Type type) {
            Type localType = type;
            if (localType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                localType = ((ParameterizedType) localType).getRawType();
            }

            if (!(localType instanceof Class)) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot convert " + type + " to a class");
            }

            Class clazz = (Class) localType;
            if (StandardAnnotationMaps.of(clazz).attributeType() != DynamoDBAttributeType.M) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot marshall type " + type
                        + " without a custom marshaler or @DynamoDBDocument "
                        + "annotation.");
            }

            return new ObjectToMapMarshaller(this);
        }

        @Override
        public Object unconvert(
                Method getter,
                Method setter,
                AttributeValue value) {

            ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller = getUnmarshaller(getter, setter);
            return unmarshall(unmarshaller, setter, value);
        }

        @Override
        public  T unconvert(
                Class clazz,
                Map value) {

            T result = createObject(clazz);
            if (value == null || value.isEmpty()) {
                return result;
            }

            for (final Bean bean : StandardBeanProperties.of(clazz).map().values()) {
                AttributeValue av = value.get(bean.properties().attributeName());
                if (av != null) {
                    ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller = getUnmarshaller(bean.type().getter(), bean.type().setter());
                    Object unmarshalled = unmarshall(unmarshaller, bean.type().setter(), av);
                    bean.reflect().set(result, unmarshalled);
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getUnmarshaller(
                Method getter,
                Method setter) {

            ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller =
                    unmarshallerSet.getUnmarshaller(getter, setter);

            unmarshaller = augment(
                    setter.getGenericParameterTypes()[0], unmarshaller);

            return new NullableUnmarshaller(unmarshaller);
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getMemberUnmarshaller(Type type) {
            ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller =
                    unmarshallerSet.getMemberUnmarshaller(type);

            unmarshaller = augment(type, unmarshaller);

            return new NullableUnmarshaller(unmarshaller);
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller augment(
                Type type,
                ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller) {

            // Inject our s3 client cache if it's an S3LinkUnmarshaller.
            if (unmarshaller instanceof S3LinkUnmarshaller) {
                return new S3LinkUnmarshaller(s3cc);
            }

            // Inject an appropriate member-type unmarshaller if it's a list,
            // object-set, or map unmarshaller.
            if (unmarshaller instanceof ObjectSetUnmarshaller) {
                return getObjectSetUnmarshaller(type);
            }

            if (unmarshaller instanceof ListUnmarshaller) {
                return getListUnmarshaller(type);
            }

            if (unmarshaller instanceof MapUnmarshaller) {
                return getMapUnmarshaller(type);
            }

            // Inject ourselves to recursively unmarshall things if it's an
            // ObjectUnmarshaller.
            if (unmarshaller instanceof ObjectUnmarshaller) {
                return getObjectUnmarshaller(type);
            }

            return unmarshaller;
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getObjectSetUnmarshaller(Type type) {
            if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the Set "
                        + "type " + type + ", which is not parameterized.");
            }

            ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) type;
            Type[] args = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();

            if (args == null || args.length != 1) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the Set "
                        + "type " + type + "; unexpected number of type "
                        + "arguments.");
            }

            ArgumentUnmarshaller memberUnmarshaller =
                    getMemberUnmarshaller(args[0]);

            return new ObjectSetUnmarshaller(memberUnmarshaller);
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getListUnmarshaller(Type type) {
            if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the List "
                        + "type " + type + ", which is not parameterized.");
            }

            ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) type;
            Type[] args = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();

            if (args == null || args.length != 1) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the List "
                        + "type " + type + "; unexpected number of type "
                        + "arguments.");
            }

            ArgumentUnmarshaller memberUnmarshaller =
                    getMemberUnmarshaller(args[0]);

            return new ListUnmarshaller(memberUnmarshaller);
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getMapUnmarshaller(Type type) {
            if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the Map "
                        + "type " + type + ", which is not parameterized.");
            }

            ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) type;
            Type[] args = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();

            if (args == null || args.length != 2) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot tell what type of objects belong in the Map "
                        + "type " + type + "; unexpected number of type "
                        + "arguments.");
            }

            if (args[0] != String.class) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Only Map is supported.");
            }

            ArgumentUnmarshaller memberUnmarshaller =
                    getMemberUnmarshaller(args[1]);

            return new MapUnmarshaller(memberUnmarshaller);
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getObjectUnmarshaller(Type type) {
            Type localType = type;
            if (localType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                localType = ((ParameterizedType) type).getRawType();
            }

            if (!(localType instanceof Class)) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot convert " + type + " to a class");
            }

            Class clazz = (Class) localType;
            if (StandardAnnotationMaps.of(clazz).attributeType() != DynamoDBAttributeType.M) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot unmarshall to type " + type
                        + " without a custom marshaler or @DynamoDBDocument "
                        + "annotation.");
            }

            return new ObjectUnmarshaller(this, clazz);
        }

        private static Object unmarshall(
                ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller,
                Method setter,
                AttributeValue value) {

            unmarshaller.typeCheck(value, setter);

            try {

                return unmarshaller.unmarshall(value);

            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Couldn't unmarshall value " + value + " for " + setter,
                        e);

            } catch (ParseException e) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Error attempting to parse date string " + value + " for "
                        + setter,
                        e);
            }
        }

        private static  T createObject(Class clazz) {
            try {

                return clazz.newInstance();

            } catch (InstantiationException e) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Failed to instantiate new instance of class", e);

            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Failed to instantiate new instance of class", e);
            }
        }

    }

    static interface MarshallerSet {
        ArgumentMarshaller getMarshaller(Method getter);
        ArgumentMarshaller getMemberMarshaller(Type memberType);
    }

    static interface UnmarshallerSet {
        ArgumentUnmarshaller getUnmarshaller(Method getter, Method setter);
        ArgumentUnmarshaller getMemberUnmarshaller(Type memberType);
    }

    static final class V2MarshallerSet {

        private static List> marshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            // Use the new V2 boolean marshallers.
            addStandardDateMarshallers(list);
            addV2BooleanMarshallers(list);
            addStandardNumberMarshallers(list);
            addStandardStringMarshallers(list);
            addStandardBinaryMarshallers(list);
            addStandardS3LinkMarshallers(list);

            // Add marshallers for the new list and map types.
            list.add(Pair.of(List.class, CollectionToListMarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Map.class, MapToMapMarshaller.instance()));

            // Make sure I'm last since I'll catch anything.
            list.add(Pair.of(Object.class, ObjectToMapMarshaller.instance()));

            return list;
        }

        private static List> setMarshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            // No more Set -> NS or Set -> SS marshallers
            addStandardDateSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardNumberSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardStringSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardBinarySetMarshallers(list);

            // Make sure I'm last since I'll catch anything.
            list.add(Pair.of(
                    Object.class,
                    CollectionToListMarshaller.instance()));

            return list;
        }
    }

    static final class V2CompatibleMarshallerSet {

        private static List> marshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            // Keep the old v1 boolean marshallers for compatibility.
            addStandardDateMarshallers(list);
            addV1BooleanMarshallers(list);
            addStandardNumberMarshallers(list);
            addStandardStringMarshallers(list);
            addStandardBinaryMarshallers(list);
            addStandardS3LinkMarshallers(list);

            // Add marshallers for the new list and map types.
            list.add(Pair.of(List.class, CollectionToListMarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Map.class, MapToMapMarshaller.instance()));

            // Make sure I'm last since I'll catch anything.
            list.add(Pair.of(Object.class, ObjectToMapMarshaller.instance()));

            return list;
        }

        private static List> setMarshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            addStandardDateSetMarshallers(list);
            addV1BooleanSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardNumberSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardStringSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardBinarySetMarshallers(list);

            // If all else fails, fall back to this default marshaler to
            // retain backwards-compatible behavior.
            list.add(Pair.of(Object.class, ObjectSetToStringSetMarshaller.instance()));

            return list;
        }
    }

    static final class V1MarshallerSet {

        private static List> marshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            addStandardDateMarshallers(list);
            addV1BooleanMarshallers(list);
            addStandardNumberMarshallers(list);
            addStandardStringMarshallers(list);
            addStandardBinaryMarshallers(list);
            addStandardS3LinkMarshallers(list);

            return list;
        }

        private static List> setMarshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            addStandardDateSetMarshallers(list);
            addV1BooleanSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardNumberSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardStringSetMarshallers(list);
            addStandardBinarySetMarshallers(list);

            // If all else fails, fall back to this default marshaler to
            // retain backwards-compatible behavior.
            list.add(Pair.of(Object.class,
                    ObjectSetToStringSetMarshaller.instance()));

            return list;
        }
    }

    private static void addStandardDateMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(Date.class,
                DateToStringMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(Calendar.class,
                CalendarToStringMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addV1BooleanMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(Boolean.class,
                BooleanToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(boolean.class,
                BooleanToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addV2BooleanMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(Boolean.class,
                BooleanToBooleanMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(boolean.class,
                BooleanToBooleanMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardNumberMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(Number.class,
                NumberToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(byte.class,
                NumberToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(short.class,
                NumberToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(int.class,
                NumberToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(long.class,
                NumberToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(float.class,
                NumberToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(double.class,
                NumberToNumberMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardStringMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(String.class,
                StringToStringMarshaller.instance()));

        list.add(Pair.of(UUID.class,
                ObjectToStringMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardBinaryMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(ByteBuffer.class,
                ByteBufferToBinaryMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(byte[].class,
                ByteArrayToBinaryMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardS3LinkMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(S3Link.class,
                S3LinkToStringMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardDateSetMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(Date.class,
                DateSetToStringSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(Calendar.class,
                CalendarSetToStringSetMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardNumberSetMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(Number.class,
                NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(byte.class,
                NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(short.class,
                NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(int.class,
                NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(long.class,
                NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(float.class,
                NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(double.class,
                NumberSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardStringSetMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(String.class,
                StringSetToStringSetMarshaller.instance()));

        list.add(Pair.of(UUID.class,
                UUIDSetToStringSetMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addStandardBinarySetMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(ByteBuffer.class,
                ByteBufferSetToBinarySetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(byte[].class,
                ByteArraySetToBinarySetMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static void addV1BooleanSetMarshallers(
            List> list) {

        list.add(Pair.of(Boolean.class,
                BooleanSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
        list.add(Pair.of(boolean.class,
                BooleanSetToNumberSetMarshaller.instance()));
    }

    private static class AbstractMarshallerSet implements MarshallerSet {

        private final List> marshallers;
        private final List> setMarshallers;

        public AbstractMarshallerSet(
                List> marshallers,
                List> setMarshallers) {

            this.marshallers = marshallers;
            this.setMarshallers = setMarshallers;
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentMarshaller getMarshaller(Method getter) {
            Class returnType = getter.getReturnType();

            if (Set.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType)) {
                Class memberType =
                        unwrapGenericSetParam(getter.getGenericReturnType());

                return getSet(getter, memberType);
            } else {
                return getScalar(getter, returnType);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentMarshaller getMemberMarshaller(Type memberType) {
            Class clazz = resolveClass(memberType);
            if (Set.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
                Class setMemberType = unwrapGenericSetParam(memberType);
                return getSet(null, setMemberType);
            } else {
                return getScalar(null, clazz);
            }
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller getScalar(Method getter, Class type) {
            ArgumentMarshaller marshaller = find(type, marshallers);
            if (marshaller == null) {

                String className = "?";
                String methodName = "?";
                if (getter != null) {
                    className = getter.getDeclaringClass().toString();
                    methodName = getter.getName();
                }

                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot marshall return type " + type
                        + " of method " + className + "." + methodName
                        + " without a custom marshaler.");
            }

            return marshaller;
        }

        private ArgumentMarshaller getSet(Method getter, Class memberType) {
            ArgumentMarshaller marshaller = find(memberType, setMarshallers);
            if (marshaller == null) {

                String className = "?";
                String methodName = "?";
                if (getter != null) {
                    className = getter.getDeclaringClass().toString();
                    methodName = getter.getName();
                }

                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot marshall return type Set<" + memberType
                        + "> of method " + className + "." + methodName
                        + " without a custom marshaller.");
            }

            return marshaller;
        }
    }

    static class StandardUnmarshallerSet implements UnmarshallerSet {

        private final List> unmarshallers;
        private final List> setUnmarshallers;

        public StandardUnmarshallerSet() {
            this(unmarshallers(), setUnmarshallers());
        }

        public StandardUnmarshallerSet(
                List> unmarshallers,
                List> setUnmarshallers) {

            this.unmarshallers = unmarshallers;
            this.setUnmarshallers = setUnmarshallers;
        }

        private static List> unmarshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            list.add(Pair.of(double.class, DoubleUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Double.class, DoubleUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(BigDecimal.class,
                    BigDecimalUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(BigInteger.class,
                    BigIntegerUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(int.class, IntegerUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Integer.class, IntegerUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(float.class, FloatUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Float.class, FloatUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(byte.class, ByteUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Byte.class, ByteUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(long.class, LongUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Long.class, LongUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(short.class, ShortUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Short.class, ShortUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(boolean.class, BooleanUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Boolean.class, BooleanUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(Date.class, DateUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Calendar.class, CalendarUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(ByteBuffer.class,
                    ByteBufferUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(byte[].class,
                    ByteArrayUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(S3Link.class, S3LinkUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(UUID.class, UUIDUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(String.class, StringUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(List.class, ListUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Map.class, MapUnmarshaller.instance()));

            // Make sure I'm last since I'll catch all other types.
            list.add(Pair.of(Object.class, ObjectUnmarshaller.instance()));

            return list;
        }

        private static List> setUnmarshallers() {
            List> list =
                    new ArrayList>();

            list.add(Pair.of(double.class, DoubleSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Double.class, DoubleSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(BigDecimal.class,
                    BigDecimalSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(BigInteger.class,
                    BigIntegerSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(int.class, IntegerSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Integer.class, IntegerSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(float.class, FloatSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Float.class, FloatSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(byte.class, ByteSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Byte.class, ByteSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(long.class, LongSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Long.class, LongSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(short.class, ShortSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Short.class, ShortSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(boolean.class, BooleanSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Boolean.class, BooleanSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(Date.class, DateSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(Calendar.class,
                    CalendarSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(ByteBuffer.class,
                    ByteBufferSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(byte[].class,
                    ByteArraySetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            list.add(Pair.of(UUID.class, UUIDSetUnmarshaller.instance()));
            list.add(Pair.of(String.class, StringSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            // Make sure I'm last since I'll catch all other types.
            list.add(Pair.of(Object.class, ObjectSetUnmarshaller.instance()));

            return list;
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentUnmarshaller getUnmarshaller(
                Method getter,
                Method setter) {

            if (setter.getParameterTypes().length != 1) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Expected exactly one agument to " + setter);
            }
            Class paramType = setter.getParameterTypes()[0];

            if (Set.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {

                paramType = unwrapGenericSetParam(
                        setter.getGenericParameterTypes()[0]);

                return getSet(setter, paramType);

            } else {
                return getScalar(setter, paramType);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentUnmarshaller getMemberUnmarshaller(Type memberType) {
            Class clazz = resolveClass(memberType);
            if (Set.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
                Class setMemberType = unwrapGenericSetParam(memberType);
                return getSet(null, setMemberType);
            } else {
                return getScalar(null, clazz);
            }
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getSet(Method setter, Class paramType) {
            ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller =
                    find(paramType, setUnmarshallers);

            String className = "?";
            String methodName = "?";
            if (setter != null) {
                className = setter.getDeclaringClass().toString();
                methodName = setter.getName();
            }

            if (unmarshaller == null) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot unmarshall to parameter type Set<"
                        + paramType + "> of method "
                        + className + "." + methodName + " without a custom "
                        + "unmarshaler.");
            }

            return unmarshaller;
        }

        private ArgumentUnmarshaller getScalar(Method setter, Class type) {
            ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller = find(type, unmarshallers);

            String className = "?";
            String methodName = "?";
            if (setter != null) {
                className = setter.getDeclaringClass().toString();
                methodName = setter.getName();
            }

            if (unmarshaller == null) {
                throw new DynamoDBMappingException(
                        "Cannot unmarshall to parameter type " + type
                        + "of method " + className + "." + methodName
                        + " without a custom unmarshaler.");
            }

            return unmarshaller;
        }
    }

    private static Class unwrapGenericSetParam(Type setType) {
        if (!(setType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            LOGGER.warn("Set type " + setType + " is not a "
                    + "ParameterizedType, using default marshaler and "
                    + "unmarshaler!");
            return Object.class;
        }

        ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) setType;
        Type[] arguments = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();

        if (arguments.length != 1) {
            LOGGER.warn("Set type " + setType + " does not have exactly one "
                    + "type argument, using default marshaler and "
                    + "unmarshaler!");
            return Object.class;
        }

        if (arguments[0].toString().equals("byte[]")) {
            return byte[].class;
        } else {
            return (Class) arguments[0];
        }
    }

    private static Class resolveClass(Type type) {
        Type localType = type;
        if (localType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
            localType = ((ParameterizedType) type).getRawType();
        }
        if (!(localType instanceof Class)) {
            throw new DynamoDBMappingException("Cannot resolve class for type "
                    + type);
        }
        return (Class) localType;
    }

    private static  T find(Class needle, List> haystack) {
        for (Pair pair : haystack) {
            if (pair.key.isAssignableFrom(needle)) {
                return pair.value;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static class Pair {

        public static Pair of (
                Class key,
                ArgumentMarshaller value) {

            return new Pair(key, value);
        }

        public static Pair of (
                Class key,
                ArgumentUnmarshaller value) {

            return new Pair(key, value);
        }

        public final Class key;
        public final T value;

        private Pair(Class key, T value) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
        }
    }

    static class AnnotationAwareMarshallerSet
            implements MarshallerSet {

        private final MarshallerSet wrapped;

        public AnnotationAwareMarshallerSet(MarshallerSet wrapped) {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentMarshaller getMarshaller(Method getter) {
            final StandardAnnotationMaps.FieldMap annotations = StandardAnnotationMaps.of(getter, null);
            final DynamoDBMarshalling marshalling = annotations.actualOf(DynamoDBMarshalling.class);
            if (marshalling != null) {
                return new CustomMarshaller(marshalling.marshallerClass());
            } else if (annotations.actualOf(DynamoDBNativeBoolean.class) != null) {
                return BooleanToBooleanMarshaller.instance();
            }
            return wrapped.getMarshaller(getter);
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentMarshaller getMemberMarshaller(Type memberType) {
            return wrapped.getMemberMarshaller(memberType);
        }
    }

    static class AnnotationAwareUnmarshallerSet
            implements UnmarshallerSet {

        private final UnmarshallerSet wrapped;

        public AnnotationAwareUnmarshallerSet(UnmarshallerSet wrapped) {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentUnmarshaller getUnmarshaller(
                Method getter,
                Method setter) {
            final StandardAnnotationMaps.FieldMap annotations = StandardAnnotationMaps.of(getter, null);
            final DynamoDBMarshalling marshalling = annotations.actualOf(DynamoDBMarshalling.class);
            if (marshalling != null) {
                return new CustomUnmarshaller(getter.getReturnType(), marshalling.marshallerClass());
            }
            return wrapped.getUnmarshaller(getter, setter);
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentUnmarshaller getMemberUnmarshaller(Type c) {
            return wrapped.getMemberUnmarshaller(c);
        }
    }

    static class CachingMarshallerSet implements MarshallerSet {

        private final Map cache =
                new HashMap();

        private final Map memberCache =
                new HashMap();

        private final MarshallerSet wrapped;

        public CachingMarshallerSet(MarshallerSet wrapped) {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentMarshaller getMarshaller(Method getter) {
            synchronized (cache) {
                ArgumentMarshaller marshaler = cache.get(getter);
                if (marshaler != null) {
                    return marshaler;
                }

                marshaler = wrapped.getMarshaller(getter);
                cache.put(getter, marshaler);
                return marshaler;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentMarshaller getMemberMarshaller(Type memberType) {
            synchronized (memberCache) {
                ArgumentMarshaller marshaller = memberCache.get(memberType);
                if (marshaller != null) {
                    return marshaller;
                }

                marshaller = wrapped.getMemberMarshaller(memberType);
                memberCache.put(memberType, marshaller);
                return marshaller;
            }
        }
    }

    static class CachingUnmarshallerSet implements UnmarshallerSet {

        private final Map cache =
                new HashMap();

        private final Map memberCache =
                new HashMap();

        private final UnmarshallerSet wrapped;

        public CachingUnmarshallerSet(UnmarshallerSet wrapped) {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentUnmarshaller getUnmarshaller(
                Method getter,
                Method setter) {

            synchronized (cache) {
                ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaler = cache.get(getter);
                if (unmarshaler != null) {
                    return unmarshaler;
                }

                unmarshaler = wrapped.getUnmarshaller(getter, setter);
                cache.put(getter, unmarshaler);
                return unmarshaler;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public ArgumentUnmarshaller getMemberUnmarshaller(Type memberType) {
            synchronized (memberCache) {
                ArgumentUnmarshaller unmarshaller = memberCache.get(memberType);
                if (unmarshaller != null) {
                    return unmarshaller;
                }

                unmarshaller = wrapped.getMemberUnmarshaller(memberType);
                memberCache.put(memberType, unmarshaller);
                return unmarshaller;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@link AttributeValue} converter with {@link ItemConverter}
     */
    static class ItemConverterRuleFactory implements RuleFactory {
        private final RuleFactory typeConverters;
        private final ItemConverter converter;
        private final boolean customSchema;

        ItemConverterRuleFactory(DynamoDBMapperConfig config, S3Link.Factory s3Links, RuleFactory typeConverters) {
            final ConversionSchema.Dependencies depends = new ConversionSchema.Dependencies().with(S3ClientCache.class, s3Links.getS3ClientCache());
            final ConversionSchema schema = config.getConversionSchema();

            this.customSchema = (schema != V1 && schema != V2_COMPATIBLE && schema != V2);
            this.converter = schema.getConverter(depends);
            this.typeConverters = typeConverters;
        }

        @Override
        public Rule getRule(ConvertibleType type) {
            if (customSchema && type.typeConverter() == null) {
                return new ItemConverterRule(type);
            } else {
                return typeConverters.getRule(type);
            }
        }

        private final class ItemConverterRule implements Rule, DynamoDBTypeConverter {
            private final ConvertibleType type;
            private ItemConverterRule(final ConvertibleType type) {
                this.type = type;
            }
            @Override
            public boolean isAssignableFrom(ConvertibleType type) {
                return true;
            }
            @Override
            public DynamoDBTypeConverter newConverter(ConvertibleType type) {
                return this;
            }
            @Override
            public DynamoDBAttributeType getAttributeType() {
                try {
                    return converter.getFieldModel(type.getter()).attributeType();
                } catch (final DynamoDBMappingException no) {}
                return DynamoDBAttributeType.NULL;
            }
            @Override
            public AttributeValue convert(final V object) {
                return converter.convert(type.getter(), object);
            }
            @Override
            public V unconvert(final AttributeValue object) {
                return (V)converter.unconvert(type.getter(), type.setter(), object);
            }
        }
    }

    ConversionSchemas() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}
    

    

    
            
    
            







    
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