com.azure.core.implementation.ImplUtils Maven / Gradle / Ivy
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// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
package com.azure.core.implementation;
import com.azure.core.http.HttpHeaderName;
import com.azure.core.http.HttpHeaders;
import com.azure.core.http.policy.RetryOptions;
import com.azure.core.http.policy.RetryStrategy;
import com.azure.core.implementation.accesshelpers.ExponentialBackoffAccessHelper;
import com.azure.core.implementation.accesshelpers.FixedDelayAccessHelper;
import com.azure.core.util.Configuration;
import com.azure.core.util.CoreUtils;
import com.azure.core.util.DateTimeRfc1123;
import com.azure.core.util.FluxUtil;
import com.azure.core.util.UrlBuilder;
import com.azure.core.util.logging.ClientLogger;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.time.DateTimeException;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* Utility class containing implementation specific methods.
*/
public final class ImplUtils {
// future improvement - make this configurable
/**
* The maximum number of items to cache in a cache.
*/
public static final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 10000;
private static final Charset UTF_32BE = Charset.forName("UTF-32BE");
private static final Charset UTF_32LE = Charset.forName("UTF-32LE");
private static final ClientLogger LOGGER = new ClientLogger(ImplUtils.class);
private static final byte ZERO = (byte) 0x00;
private static final byte BB = (byte) 0xBB;
private static final byte BF = (byte) 0xBF;
private static final byte EF = (byte) 0xEF;
private static final byte FE = (byte) 0xFE;
private static final byte FF = (byte) 0xFF;
private static final Pattern CHARSET_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("charset=(\\S+)\\b", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
/**
* Attempts to extract a retry after duration from a given set of {@link HttpHeaders}.
*
* This searches for the well-known retry after headers {@code Retry-After}, {@code retry-after-ms}, and
* {@code x-ms-retry-after-ms}.
*
* If no well-known headers are found null will be returned.
*
* @param headers The set of headers to search for a well-known retry after header.
* @param nowSupplier A supplier for the current time used when {@code Retry-After} is using relative retry after
* time.
* @return The retry after duration if a well-known retry after header was found, otherwise null.
*/
public static Duration getRetryAfterFromHeaders(HttpHeaders headers, Supplier nowSupplier) {
// Found 'x-ms-retry-after-ms' header, use a Duration of milliseconds based on the value.
Duration retryDelay
= tryGetRetryDelay(headers, HttpHeaderName.X_MS_RETRY_AFTER_MS, ImplUtils::tryGetDelayMillis);
if (retryDelay != null) {
return retryDelay;
}
// Found 'retry-after-ms' header, use a Duration of milliseconds based on the value.
retryDelay = tryGetRetryDelay(headers, HttpHeaderName.RETRY_AFTER_MS, ImplUtils::tryGetDelayMillis);
if (retryDelay != null) {
return retryDelay;
}
// Found 'Retry-After' header. First, attempt to resolve it as a Duration of seconds. If that fails, then
// attempt to resolve it as an HTTP date (RFC1123).
retryDelay = tryGetRetryDelay(headers, HttpHeaderName.RETRY_AFTER,
headerValue -> tryParseLongOrDateTime(headerValue, nowSupplier));
// Either the retry delay will have been found or it'll be null, null indicates no retry after.
return retryDelay;
}
private static Duration tryGetRetryDelay(HttpHeaders headers, HttpHeaderName headerName,
Function delayParser) {
String headerValue = headers.getValue(headerName);
return CoreUtils.isNullOrEmpty(headerValue) ? null : delayParser.apply(headerValue);
}
private static Duration tryGetDelayMillis(String value) {
long delayMillis = tryParseLong(value);
return (delayMillis >= 0) ? Duration.ofMillis(delayMillis) : null;
}
private static Duration tryParseLongOrDateTime(String value, Supplier nowSupplier) {
long delaySeconds;
try {
OffsetDateTime retryAfter = new DateTimeRfc1123(value).getDateTime();
delaySeconds = nowSupplier.get().until(retryAfter, ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (DateTimeException ex) {
delaySeconds = tryParseLong(value);
}
return (delaySeconds >= 0) ? Duration.ofSeconds(delaySeconds) : null;
}
private static long tryParseLong(String value) {
try {
return Long.parseLong(value);
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
return -1;
}
}
/**
* Writes a {@link ByteBuffer} into an {@link OutputStream}.
*
* This method provides writing optimization based on the type of {@link ByteBuffer} and {@link OutputStream}
* passed. For example, if the {@link ByteBuffer} has a backing {@code byte[]} this method will access that directly
* to write to the {@code stream} instead of buffering the contents of the {@link ByteBuffer} into a temporary
* buffer.
*
* @param buffer The {@link ByteBuffer} to write into the {@code stream}.
* @param stream The {@link OutputStream} where the {@code buffer} will be written.
* @throws IOException If an I/O occurs while writing the {@code buffer} into the {@code stream}.
*/
public static void writeByteBufferToStream(ByteBuffer buffer, OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
// First check if the buffer has a backing byte[]. The backing byte[] can be accessed directly and written
// without an additional buffering byte[].
if (buffer.hasArray()) {
// Write the byte[] from the current view position to the length remaining in the view.
stream.write(buffer.array(), buffer.position(), buffer.remaining());
// Update the position of the ByteBuffer to treat this the same as getting from the buffer.
buffer.position(buffer.position() + buffer.remaining());
return;
}
// Next begin checking for specific instances of OutputStream that may provide better writing options for
// direct ByteBuffers.
if (stream instanceof FileOutputStream) {
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = (FileOutputStream) stream;
// Writing to the FileChannel directly may provide native optimizations for moving the OS managed memory
// into the file.
// Write will move both the OutputStream's and ByteBuffer's position so there is no need to perform
// additional updates that are required when using the backing array.
fileOutputStream.getChannel().write(buffer);
return;
}
// All optimizations have been exhausted, fallback to buffering write.
stream.write(FluxUtil.byteBufferToArray(buffer));
}
/**
* Utility method for parsing a {@link URL} into a {@link UrlBuilder}.
*
* @param url The URL being parsed.
* @param includeQuery Whether the query string should be excluded.
* @return The UrlBuilder that represents the parsed URL.
*/
public static UrlBuilder parseUrl(URL url, boolean includeQuery) {
final UrlBuilder result = new UrlBuilder();
if (url != null) {
final String protocol = url.getProtocol();
if (protocol != null && !protocol.isEmpty()) {
result.setScheme(protocol);
}
final String host = url.getHost();
if (host != null && !host.isEmpty()) {
result.setHost(host);
}
final int port = url.getPort();
if (port != -1) {
result.setPort(port);
}
final String path = url.getPath();
if (path != null && !path.isEmpty()) {
result.setPath(path);
}
final String query = url.getQuery();
if (query != null && !query.isEmpty() && includeQuery) {
result.setQuery(query);
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Iterates over the query parameters in a URL query string.
*/
public static final class QueryParameterIterator implements Iterator> {
private final String queryParameters;
private final int queryParametersLength;
private boolean done = false;
private int position;
/**
* Creates an iterator over the query parameters in a URL query string.
*
* @param queryParameters The URL query string.
*/
public QueryParameterIterator(String queryParameters) {
this.queryParameters = queryParameters;
this.queryParametersLength = queryParameters.length();
// If the URL query begins with '?' the first possible start of a query parameter key is the
// second character in the query.
position = (queryParameters.startsWith("?")) ? 1 : 0;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return !done;
}
@Override
public Map.Entry next() {
if (done) {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
int nextPosition = position;
char c;
while (nextPosition < queryParametersLength) {
// Next position can either be '=' or '&' as a query parameter may not have a '=', ex 'key&key2=value'.
c = queryParameters.charAt(nextPosition);
if (c == '=') {
break;
} else if (c == '&') {
String key = queryParameters.substring(position, nextPosition);
// Position is set to nextPosition + 1 to skip over the '&'
position = nextPosition + 1;
return new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(key, "");
}
nextPosition++;
}
if (nextPosition == queryParametersLength) {
// Query parameters completed.
done = true;
return new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(queryParameters.substring(position), "");
}
String key = queryParameters.substring(position, nextPosition);
// Position is set to nextPosition + 1 to skip over the '='
position = nextPosition + 1;
nextPosition = queryParameters.indexOf('&', position);
String value = null;
if (nextPosition == -1) {
// This was the last key-value pair in the query parameters 'https://example.com?param=done'
done = true;
value = queryParameters.substring(position);
} else {
value = queryParameters.substring(position, nextPosition);
// Position is set to nextPosition + 1 to skip over the '&'
position = nextPosition + 1;
}
return new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(key, value);
}
}
/**
* Attempts to convert a byte stream into the properly encoded String.
*
* This utility method will attempt to find the encoding for the String in this order.
*
* - Find the byte order mark in the byte array.
* - Find the charset in the {@code contentType} header.
* - Default to {@code UTF-8}.
*
*
* @param bytes The byte array.
* @param offset The starting offset in the byte array.
* @param count The number of bytes to process in the byte array.
* @param contentType The {@code Content-Type} header value.
* @return A string representation of the byte encoded to the found encoding, or null if {@code bytes} is null.
*/
public static String bomAwareToString(byte[] bytes, int offset, int count, String contentType) {
if (bytes == null) {
return null;
}
if (count >= 3 && bytes[offset] == EF && bytes[offset + 1] == BB && bytes[offset + 2] == BF) {
return new String(bytes, 3, bytes.length - 3, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} else if (count >= 4
&& bytes[offset] == ZERO
&& bytes[offset + 1] == ZERO
&& bytes[offset + 2] == FE
&& bytes[offset + 3] == FF) {
return new String(bytes, 4, bytes.length - 4, UTF_32BE);
} else if (count >= 4
&& bytes[offset] == FF
&& bytes[offset + 1] == FE
&& bytes[offset + 2] == ZERO
&& bytes[offset + 3] == ZERO) {
return new String(bytes, 4, bytes.length - 4, UTF_32LE);
} else if (count >= 2 && bytes[offset] == FE && bytes[offset + 1] == FF) {
return new String(bytes, 2, bytes.length - 2, StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE);
} else if (count >= 2 && bytes[offset] == FF && bytes[offset + 1] == FE) {
return new String(bytes, 2, bytes.length - 2, StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE);
} else {
/*
* Attempt to retrieve the default charset from the 'Content-Encoding' header, if the value isn't
* present or invalid fallback to 'UTF-8' for the default charset.
*/
if (!CoreUtils.isNullOrEmpty(contentType)) {
try {
Matcher charsetMatcher = CHARSET_PATTERN.matcher(contentType);
if (charsetMatcher.find()) {
return new String(bytes, offset, count, Charset.forName(charsetMatcher.group(1)));
} else {
return new String(bytes, offset, count, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
} catch (IllegalCharsetNameException | UnsupportedCharsetException ex) {
return new String(bytes, offset, count, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
} else {
return new String(bytes, offset, count, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
}
/**
* Creates a new {@link URL} from the given {@code urlString}.
*
* This is a temporary method that will be removed once all usages of {@link URL#URL(String)} are migrated to
* {@link URI}-based methods given the deprecation of the URL methods in Java 20.
*
* @param urlString The string to convert to a {@link URL}.
* @return The {@link URL} representing the {@code urlString}.
* @throws MalformedURLException If the {@code urlString} isn't a valid {@link URL}.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public static URL createUrl(String urlString) throws MalformedURLException {
return new URL(urlString);
}
/**
* Gets a {@link Class} from the given {@code className}.
*
* This method will attempt to load the class from the current thread's context class loader. If the class cannot be
* found on the classpath an exception will be thrown. Unlike calling {@link Class#forName(String)} directly, this
* utility method doesn't throw a checked exception, rather it throws a {@link RuntimeException}.
*
* @param The type of class to load.
* @param className The name of the class to load.
* @return The {@link Class} with the given {@code className}.
* @throws RuntimeException If the class cannot be found on the classpath.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Class getClassByName(String className) {
Objects.requireNonNull(className, "'className' cannot be null");
try {
return (Class) Class.forName(className, false, ImplUtils.class.getClassLoader());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw LOGGER.logExceptionAsError(
new RuntimeException("Class '" + className + "' is not found on the classpath.", e));
}
}
/**
* Converts the {@link RetryOptions} into a {@link RetryStrategy} so it can be more easily consumed.
*
* @param retryOptions The retry options.
* @return The retry strategy based on the retry options.
* @throws NullPointerException If {@code retryOptions} is null.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException If {@code retryOptions} doesn't define any retry strategy options.
*/
public static RetryStrategy getRetryStrategyFromOptions(RetryOptions retryOptions) {
Objects.requireNonNull(retryOptions, "'retryOptions' cannot be null.");
if (retryOptions.getExponentialBackoffOptions() != null) {
return ExponentialBackoffAccessHelper.create(retryOptions.getExponentialBackoffOptions(),
retryOptions.getShouldRetryCondition());
} else if (retryOptions.getFixedDelayOptions() != null) {
return FixedDelayAccessHelper.create(retryOptions.getFixedDelayOptions(),
retryOptions.getShouldRetryCondition());
} else {
// This should never happen.
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'retryOptions' didn't define any retry strategy options");
}
}
/**
* Fully writes a {@link ByteBuffer} to a {@link WritableByteChannel}.
*
* This handles scenarios where write operations don't write the entirety of the {@link ByteBuffer} in a single
* call.
*
* @param buffer The {@link ByteBuffer} to write.
* @param channel The {@link WritableByteChannel} to write the {@code buffer} to.
* @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs while writing to the {@code channel}.
*/
public static void fullyWriteBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer, WritableByteChannel channel) throws IOException {
while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
channel.write(buffer);
}
}
/**
* Sneakily throws a checked exception in a way where it doesn't need to be declared in the method signature.
*
* @param The type of checked exception.
* @param e The checked exception to throw.
* @throws E The checked exception.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void sneakyThrows(Throwable e) throws E {
throw (E) e;
}
/**
* Calls {@link Future#get(long, TimeUnit)} and returns the value if the {@code future} completes before the timeout
* is triggered. If the timeout is triggered, the {@code future} is {@link Future#cancel(boolean) cancelled}
* interrupting the execution of the task that the {@link Future} represented.
*
* If the timeout is zero or is negative then the timeout will be ignored and an infinite timeout will be used.
*
* @param The type of value returned by the {@code future}.
* @param future The {@link Future} to get the value from.
* @param timeoutInMillis The timeout value. If the timeout is zero or is negative then the timeout will be ignored
* and an infinite timeout will be used.
* @return The value from the {@code future}.
* @throws NullPointerException If {@code future} is null.
* @throws CancellationException If the computation was cancelled.
* @throws ExecutionException If the computation threw an exception.
* @throws InterruptedException If the current thread was interrupted while waiting.
* @throws TimeoutException If the wait timed out.
* @throws RuntimeException If the {@code future} threw an exception during processing.
* @throws Error If the {@code future} threw an {@link Error} during processing.
*/
public static T getResultWithTimeout(Future future, long timeoutInMillis)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
Objects.requireNonNull(future, "'future' cannot be null.");
if (timeoutInMillis <= 0) {
return future.get();
}
try {
return future.get(timeoutInMillis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
future.cancel(true);
throw e;
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
} else if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
} else {
ImplUtils.sneakyThrows(cause);
throw e;
}
}
}
/**
* Helper method that safely adds a {@link Runtime#addShutdownHook(Thread)} to the JVM that will run when the JVM is
* shutting down.
*
* {@link Runtime#addShutdownHook(Thread)} checks for security privileges and will throw an exception if the proper
* security isn't available. So, if running with a security manager, setting
* {@code AZURE_ENABLE_SHUTDOWN_HOOK_WITH_PRIVILEGE} to true will have this method use access controller to add
* the shutdown hook with privileged permissions.
*
* If {@code shutdownThread} is null, no shutdown hook will be added and this method will return null.
*
* @param shutdownThread The {@link Thread} that will be added as a
* {@link Runtime#addShutdownHook(Thread) shutdown hook}.
* @return The {@link Thread} that was passed in.
*/
public static Thread addShutdownHookSafely(Thread shutdownThread) {
if (shutdownThread == null) {
return null;
}
if (ShutdownHookAccessHelperHolder.shutdownHookAccessHelper) {
AccessControllerUtils.doPrivileged(() -> {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownThread);
return null;
});
} else {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownThread);
}
return shutdownThread;
}
/**
* Helper method that safely removes a {@link Runtime#removeShutdownHook(Thread)} from the JVM.
*
* {@link Runtime#removeShutdownHook(Thread)} checks for security privileges and will throw an exception if the
* proper security isn't available. So, if running with a security manager, setting
* {@code AZURE_ENABLE_SHUTDOWN_HOOK_WITH_PRIVILEGE} to true will have this method use access controller to remove
* the shutdown hook with privileged permissions.
*
* If {@code shutdownThread} is null, no shutdown hook will be removed.
*
* @param shutdownThread The {@link Thread} that will be added as a
* {@link Runtime#addShutdownHook(Thread) shutdown hook}.
*/
public static void removeShutdownHookSafely(Thread shutdownThread) {
if (shutdownThread == null) {
return;
}
if (ShutdownHookAccessHelperHolder.shutdownHookAccessHelper) {
AccessControllerUtils.doPrivileged(() -> {
Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(shutdownThread);
return null;
});
} else {
Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(shutdownThread);
}
}
/*
* This looks a bit strange but is needed as CoreUtils is used within Configuration code and if this was done in
* the static constructor for CoreUtils it would cause a circular dependency, potentially causing a deadlock.
* Since this is in a static holder class, it will only be loaded when CoreUtils accesses it, which won't happen
* until CoreUtils is loaded.
*/
private static final class ShutdownHookAccessHelperHolder {
private static boolean shutdownHookAccessHelper;
static {
shutdownHookAccessHelper = Boolean
.parseBoolean(Configuration.getGlobalConfiguration().get("AZURE_ENABLE_SHUTDOWN_HOOK_WITH_PRIVILEGE"));
}
}
static boolean isShutdownHookAccessHelper() {
return ShutdownHookAccessHelperHolder.shutdownHookAccessHelper;
}
static void setShutdownHookAccessHelper(boolean shutdownHookAccessHelper) {
ShutdownHookAccessHelperHolder.shutdownHookAccessHelper = shutdownHookAccessHelper;
}
private ImplUtils() {
}
}