java.nio.channels.FileChannel Maven / Gradle / Ivy
/* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package java.nio.channels;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractInterruptibleChannel;
/**
* An abstract channel type for interaction with a platform file.
*
* A {@code FileChannel} defines the methods for reading, writing, memory
* mapping, and manipulating the logical state of a platform file. This type
* does not have a method for opening files, since this behavior has been
* delegated to the {@link java.io.FileInputStream},
* {@link java.io.FileOutputStream} and {@link java.io.RandomAccessFile} types.
*
* FileChannels created from a {@code FileInputStream} or a
* {@code RandomAccessFile} created in mode "r", are read-only. FileChannels
* created from a {@code FileOutputStream} are write-only. FileChannels created
* from a {@code RandomAccessFile} created in mode "rw" are read/write.
* FileChannels created from a {@code RandomAccessFile} that was opened in
* append-mode will also be in append-mode -- meaning that each write will be
* proceeded by a seek to the end of file.
*
* FileChannels have a virtual pointer into the file which is referred to as a
* file position. The position can be manipulated by moving it
* within the file, and the current position can be queried.
*
* FileChannels also have an associated size. The size of the file
* is the number of bytes that it currently contains. The size can be
* manipulated by adding more bytes to the end of the file (which increases the
* size) or truncating the file (which decreases the size). The current size can
* also be queried.
*
* FileChannels have operations beyond the simple read, write, and close. They
* can also:
*
* - request that cached data be forced onto the disk,
* - lock ranges of bytes associated with the file,
* - transfer data directly to another channel in a manner that has the
* potential to be optimized by the platform,
* - memory-mapping files into NIO buffers to provide efficient manipulation
* of file data,
* - read and write to the file at absolute byte offsets in a fashion that
* does not modify the current position.
*
*
* FileChannels are thread-safe. Only one operation involving manipulation of
* the file position may be executed at the same time. Subsequent calls to such
* operations will block, and one of those blocked will be freed to continue
* when the first operation has completed. There is no ordered queue or fairness
* applied to the blocked threads.
*
* It is undefined whether operations that do not manipulate the file position
* will also block when there are any other operations in-flight.
*
* The logical view of the underlying file is consistent across all FileChannels
* and I/O streams opened on the same file by the same VM.
* Therefore, modifications performed via a channel will be visible to the
* stream and vice versa; this includes modifications to the file position,
* content, size, etc.
*/
public abstract class FileChannel extends AbstractInterruptibleChannel
implements GatheringByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel, ByteChannel {
/**
* {@code MapMode} defines file mapping mode constants.
*/
public static class MapMode {
/**
* Private mapping mode (equivalent to copy on write).
*/
public static final MapMode PRIVATE = new MapMode("PRIVATE");
/**
* Read-only mapping mode.
*/
public static final MapMode READ_ONLY = new MapMode("READ_ONLY");
/**
* Read-write mapping mode.
*/
public static final MapMode READ_WRITE = new MapMode("READ_WRITE");
// The string used to display the mapping mode.
private final String displayName;
/*
* Private constructor prevents others creating new modes.
*/
private MapMode(String displayName) {
this.displayName = displayName;
}
/**
* Returns a string version of the mapping mode.
*
* @return this map mode as string.
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return displayName;
}
}
/**
* Protected default constructor.
*/
protected FileChannel() {
}
/**
* Requests that all updates to this channel are committed to the storage
* device.
*
* When this method returns, all modifications made to the platform file
* underlying this channel have been committed if the file resides on a
* local storage device. If the file is not hosted locally, for example on a
* networked file system, then applications cannot be certain that the
* modifications have been committed.
*
* There are no assurances given that changes made to the file using methods
* defined elsewhere will be committed. For example, changes made via a
* mapped byte buffer may not be committed.
*
* The metadata parameter indicates whether the update should
* include the file's metadata such as last modification time, last access
* time, etc. Note that passing true may invoke an underlying
* write to the operating system (if the platform is maintaining metadata
* such as last access time), even if the channel is opened read-only.
*
* @param metadata
* {@code true} if the file metadata should be flushed in
* addition to the file content, {@code false} otherwise.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is already closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract void force(boolean metadata) throws IOException;
/**
* Obtains an exclusive lock on this file.
*
* This is a convenience method for acquiring a maximum length lock on a
* file. It is equivalent to:
* {@code fileChannel.lock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);}
*
* @return the lock object representing the locked file area.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* the file channel is closed.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* this channel was not opened for writing.
* @throws OverlappingFileLockException
* either a lock is already held that overlaps this lock
* request, or another thread is waiting to acquire a lock that
* will overlap with this request.
* @throws FileLockInterruptionException
* the calling thread was interrupted while waiting to acquire
* the lock.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* the channel was closed while the calling thread was waiting
* to acquire the lock.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs while obtaining the requested
* lock.
*/
public final FileLock lock() throws IOException {
return lock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
}
/**
* Obtains a lock on a specified region of the file.
*
* This is the blocking version of lock acquisition, see also the
* tryLock() methods.
*
* Attempts to acquire an overlapping lock region will fail. The attempt
* will fail if the overlapping lock has already been obtained, or if
* another thread is currently waiting to acquire the overlapping lock.
*
* If the request is not for an overlapping lock, the thread calling this
* method will block until the lock is obtained (likely by no contention or
* another process releasing a lock), or until this thread is interrupted or
* the channel is closed.
*
* If the lock is obtained successfully then the {@link FileLock} object
* returned represents the lock for subsequent operations on the locked
* region.
*
* If the thread is interrupted while waiting for the lock, the thread is
* set to the interrupted state and throws a
* {@link FileLockInterruptionException}. If this channel is closed while
* the thread is waiting to obtain the lock then the thread throws a
* {@link AsynchronousCloseException}.
*
* There is no requirement for the position and size to be within the
* current start and length of the file.
*
* Some platforms do not support shared locks, and if a request is made for
* a shared lock on such a platform, this method will attempt to acquire an
* exclusive lock instead. It is undefined whether the lock obtained is
* advisory or mandatory.
*
* @param position
* the starting position for the locked region.
* @param size
* the length of the locked region in bytes.
* @param shared
* a flag indicating whether an attempt should be made to acquire
* a shared lock.
* @return the file lock object.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if {@code position} or {@code size} is negative.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws OverlappingFileLockException
* if the requested region overlaps an existing lock or pending
* lock request.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if the channel is not opened in read-mode but shared is true.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if the channel is not opened in write mode but shared is
* false.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if this channel is closed by another thread while this method
* is executing.
* @throws FileLockInterruptionException
* if the thread is interrupted while in the state of waiting on
* the desired file lock.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract FileLock lock(long position, long size, boolean shared)
throws IOException;
/**
* Maps the file into memory. There can be three modes: read-only,
* read/write and private. After mapping, changes made to memory or the file
* channel do not affect the other storage place.
*
* Note: mapping a file into memory is usually expensive.
*
* @param mode
* one of the three mapping modes.
* @param position
* the starting position of the file.
* @param size
* the size of the region to map into memory.
* @return the mapped byte buffer.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if the FileChannel is not opened for reading but the given
* mode is "READ_ONLY".
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if the FileChannel is not opened for writing but the given
* mode is not "READ_ONLY".
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the given parameters of position and size are not correct.
* Both must be non negative. {@code size} also must not be
* bigger than max integer.
* @throws IOException
* if any I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract MappedByteBuffer map(FileChannel.MapMode mode,
long position, long size) throws IOException;
/**
* Returns the current value of the file position pointer.
*
* @return the current position as a positive integer number of bytes from
* the start of the file.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract long position() throws IOException;
/**
* Sets the file position pointer to a new value.
*
* The argument is the number of bytes counted from the start of the file.
* The position cannot be set to a value that is negative. The new position
* can be set beyond the current file size. If set beyond the current file
* size, attempts to read will return end of file. Write operations will
* succeed but they will fill the bytes between the current end of file and
* the new position with the required number of (unspecified) byte values.
*
* @param offset
* the new file position, in bytes.
* @return the receiver.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the new position is negative.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract FileChannel position(long offset) throws IOException;
/**
* Reads bytes from this file channel into the given buffer.
*
* The maximum number of bytes that will be read is the remaining number of
* bytes in the buffer when the method is invoked. The bytes will be copied
* into the buffer starting at the buffer's current position.
*
* The call may block if other threads are also attempting to read from this
* channel.
*
* Upon completion, the buffer's position is set to the end of the bytes
* that have been read. The buffer's limit is not changed.
*
* @param buffer
* the byte buffer to receive the bytes.
* @return the number of bytes actually read.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if another thread closes the channel during the read.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if another thread interrupts the calling thread during the
* read.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs, details are in the message.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if the channel has not been opened in a mode that permits
* reading.
*/
public abstract int read(ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException;
/**
* Reads bytes from this file channel into the given buffer starting from
* the specified file position.
*
* The bytes are read starting at the given file position (up to the
* remaining number of bytes in the buffer). The number of bytes actually
* read is returned.
*
* If {@code position} is beyond the current end of file, then no bytes are
* read.
*
* Note that the file position is unmodified by this method.
*
* @param buffer
* the buffer to receive the bytes.
* @param position
* the (non-negative) position at which to read the bytes.
* @return the number of bytes actually read.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if this channel is closed by another thread while this method
* is executing.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if another thread interrupts the calling thread while this
* operation is in progress. The calling thread will have the
* interrupt state set, and the channel will be closed.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if position is less than 0.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if the channel has not been opened in a mode that permits
* reading.
*/
public abstract int read(ByteBuffer buffer, long position)
throws IOException;
/**
* Reads bytes from this file channel and stores them in the specified array
* of buffers. This method attempts to read as many bytes as can be stored
* in the buffer array from this channel and returns the number of bytes
* actually read. It also increases the file position by the number of bytes
* read.
*
* If a read operation is in progress, subsequent threads will block until
* the read is completed and will then contend for the ability to read.
*
* Calling this method is equivalent to calling
* {@code read(buffers, 0, buffers.length);}
*
* @param buffers
* the array of byte buffers into which the bytes will be copied.
* @return the number of bytes actually read.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if this channel is closed by another thread during this read
* operation.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if the thread is interrupted by another thread during this
* read operation.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs; details are in the message.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if the channel has not been opened in a mode that permits
* reading.
*/
public final long read(ByteBuffer[] buffers) throws IOException {
return read(buffers, 0, buffers.length);
}
/**
* Reads bytes from this file channel into a subset of the given buffers.
* This method attempts to read all {@code remaining()} bytes from {@code
* length} byte buffers, in order, starting at {@code targets[offset]}. It
* increases the file position by the number of bytes actually read. The
* number of bytes actually read is returned.
*
* If a read operation is in progress, subsequent threads will block until
* the read is completed and will then contend for the ability to read.
*
* @param buffers
* the array of byte buffers into which the bytes will be copied.
* @param start
* the index of the first buffer to store bytes in.
* @param number
* the maximum number of buffers to store bytes in.
* @return the number of bytes actually read.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if this channel is closed by another thread during this read
* operation.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if the thread is interrupted by another thread during this
* read operation.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
* if {@code start < 0} or {@code number < 0}, or if
* {@code start + number} is greater than the size of
* {@code buffers}.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs; details are in the message.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if the channel has not been opened in a mode that permits
* reading.
*/
public abstract long read(ByteBuffer[] buffers, int start, int number)
throws IOException;
/**
* Returns the size of the file underlying this channel in bytes.
*
* @return the size of the file in bytes.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if an I/O error occurs while getting the size of the file.
*/
public abstract long size() throws IOException;
/**
* Reads up to {@code count} bytes from {@code src} and stores them in this
* channel's file starting at {@code position}. No bytes are transferred if
* {@code position} is larger than the size of this channel's file. Less
* than {@code count} bytes are transferred if there are less bytes
* remaining in the source channel or if the source channel is non-blocking
* and has less than {@code count} bytes immediately available in its output
* buffer.
*
* Note that this channel's position is not modified.
*
* @param src
* the source channel to read bytes from.
* @param position
* the non-negative start position.
* @param count
* the non-negative number of bytes to transfer.
* @return the number of bytes that are transferred.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the parameters are invalid.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if the source channel is not readable.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if this channel is not writable.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if either channel has already been closed.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if either channel is closed by other threads during this
* operation.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if the thread is interrupted during this operation.
* @throws IOException
* if any I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract long transferFrom(ReadableByteChannel src, long position,
long count) throws IOException;
/**
* Reads up to {@code count} bytes from this channel's file starting at
* {@code position} and writes them to {@code target}. No bytes are
* transferred if {@code position} is larger than the size of this channel's
* file. Less than {@code count} bytes are transferred if there less bytes
* available from this channel's file or if the target channel is
* non-blocking and has less than {@code count} bytes free in its input
* buffer.
*
* Note that this channel's position is not modified.
*
* @param position
* the non-negative position to begin.
* @param count
* the non-negative number of bytes to transfer.
* @param target
* the target channel to write to.
* @return the number of bytes that were transferred.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the parameters are invalid.
* @throws NonReadableChannelException
* if this channel is not readable.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if the target channel is not writable.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if either channel has already been closed.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if either channel is closed by other threads during this
* operation.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if the thread is interrupted during this operation.
* @throws IOException
* if any I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract long transferTo(long position, long count,
WritableByteChannel target) throws IOException;
/**
* Truncates the file underlying this channel to a given size. Any bytes
* beyond the given size are removed from the file. If there are no bytes
* beyond the given size then the file contents are unmodified.
*
* If the file position is currently greater than the given size, then it is
* set to the new size.
*
* @param size
* the maximum size of the underlying file.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the requested size is negative.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if the channel cannot be written to.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs.
* @return this channel.
*/
public abstract FileChannel truncate(long size) throws IOException;
/**
* Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock on this file without blocking.
*
* This is a convenience method for attempting to acquire a maximum length
* lock on the file. It is equivalent to:
* {@code fileChannel.tryLock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);}
*
* The method returns {@code null} if the acquisition would result in an
* overlapped lock with another OS process.
*
* @return the file lock object, or {@code null} if the lock would overlap
* with an existing exclusive lock in another OS process.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if the file channel is closed.
* @throws OverlappingFileLockException
* if a lock already exists that overlaps this lock request or
* another thread is waiting to acquire a lock that will overlap
* with this request.
* @throws IOException
* if any I/O error occurs.
*/
public final FileLock tryLock() throws IOException {
return tryLock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
}
/**
* Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock on this file without blocking. The
* method returns {@code null} if the acquisition would result in an
* overlapped lock with another OS process.
*
* It is possible to acquire a lock for any region even if it's completely
* outside of the file's size. The size of the lock is fixed. If the file
* grows outside of the lock that region of the file won't be locked by this
* lock.
*
* @param position
* the starting position.
* @param size
* the size of file to lock.
* @param shared
* true if the lock is shared.
* @return the file lock object, or {@code null} if the lock would overlap
* with an existing exclusive lock in another OS process.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if any parameters are invalid.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if the file channel is closed.
* @throws OverlappingFileLockException
* if a lock is already held that overlaps this lock request or
* another thread is waiting to acquire a lock that will overlap
* with this request.
* @throws IOException
* if any I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract FileLock tryLock(long position, long size, boolean shared)
throws IOException;
/**
* Writes bytes from the given byte buffer to this file channel.
*
* The bytes are written starting at the current file position, and after
* some number of bytes are written (up to the remaining number of bytes in
* the buffer) the file position is increased by the number of bytes
* actually written.
*
* @param src
* the byte buffer containing the bytes to be written.
* @return the number of bytes actually written.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if the channel was not opened for writing.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if the channel was already closed.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if another thread closes the channel during the write.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if another thread interrupts the calling thread while this
* operation is in progress. The interrupt state of the calling
* thread is set and the channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs, details are in the message.
* @see java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel#write(java.nio.ByteBuffer)
*/
public abstract int write(ByteBuffer src) throws IOException;
/**
* Writes bytes from the given buffer to this file channel starting at the
* given file position.
*
* The bytes are written starting at the given file position (up to the
* remaining number of bytes in the buffer). The number of bytes actually
* written is returned.
*
* If the position is beyond the current end of file, then the file is first
* extended up to the given position by the required number of unspecified
* byte values.
*
* Note that the file position is not modified by this method.
*
* @param buffer
* the buffer containing the bytes to be written.
* @param position
* the (non-negative) position at which to write the bytes.
* @return the number of bytes actually written.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if position is less than 0.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if the channel was not opened in write-mode.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if this channel is closed by another thread while this method
* is executing.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if another thread interrupts the calling thread while this
* operation is in progress. The interrupt state of the calling
* thread is set and the channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs.
*/
public abstract int write(ByteBuffer buffer, long position)
throws IOException;
/**
* Writes bytes from all the given byte buffers to this file channel.
*
* The bytes are written starting at the current file position, and after
* the bytes are written (up to the remaining number of bytes in all the
* buffers), the file position is increased by the number of bytes actually
* written.
*
* Calling this method is equivalent to calling
* {@code write(buffers, 0, buffers.length);}
*
* @param buffers
* the buffers containing bytes to write.
* @return the number of bytes actually written.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if this channel is closed by another thread during this write
* operation.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if another thread interrupts the calling thread while this
* operation is in progress. The interrupt state of the calling
* thread is set and the channel is closed.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs; details are in the message.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if this channel was not opened for writing.
*/
public final long write(ByteBuffer[] buffers) throws IOException {
return write(buffers, 0, buffers.length);
}
/**
* Attempts to write a subset of the given bytes from the buffers to this
* file channel. This method attempts to write all {@code remaining()}
* bytes from {@code length} byte buffers, in order, starting at {@code
* sources[offset]}. The number of bytes actually written is returned.
*
* If a write operation is in progress, subsequent threads will block until
* the write is completed and then contend for the ability to write.
*
* @param buffers
* the array of byte buffers that is the source for bytes written
* to this channel.
* @param offset
* the index of the first buffer in {@code buffers }to get bytes
* from.
* @param length
* the number of buffers to get bytes from.
* @return the number of bytes actually written to this channel.
* @throws AsynchronousCloseException
* if this channel is closed by another thread during this write
* operation.
* @throws ClosedByInterruptException
* if another thread interrupts the calling thread while this
* operation is in progress. The interrupt state of the calling
* thread is set and the channel is closed.
* @throws ClosedChannelException
* if this channel is closed.
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
* if {@code offset < 0} or {@code length < 0}, or if
* {@code offset + length} is greater than the size of
* {@code buffers}.
* @throws IOException
* if another I/O error occurs; details are in the message.
* @throws NonWritableChannelException
* if this channel was not opened for writing.
*/
public abstract long write(ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offset, int length)
throws IOException;
}