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package com.cedarsoftware.util;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
/**
* Utilities to simplify writing reflective code as well as improve performance of reflective operations like
* method and annotation lookups.
*
* @author John DeRegnaucourt ([email protected])
*
* Copyright (c) Cedar Software LLC
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
public final class ReflectionUtils
{
private static final ConcurrentMap> FIELD_MAP = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static final ConcurrentMap METHOD_MAP = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static final ConcurrentMap METHOD_MAP2 = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static final ConcurrentMap METHOD_MAP3 = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static final ConcurrentMap> CONSTRUCTORS = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static final ConcurrentMap, List> FIELD_META_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private ReflectionUtils()
{
super();
}
/**
* Determine if the passed in class (classToCheck) has the annotation (annoClass) on itself,
* any of its super classes, any of it's interfaces, or any of it's super interfaces.
* This is a exhaustive check throughout the complete inheritance hierarchy.
* @return the Annotation if found, null otherwise.
*/
public static T getClassAnnotation(final Class classToCheck, final Class annoClass)
{
final Set> visited = new HashSet<>();
final LinkedList> stack = new LinkedList<>();
stack.add(classToCheck);
while (!stack.isEmpty())
{
Class classToChk = stack.pop();
if (classToChk == null || visited.contains(classToChk))
{
continue;
}
visited.add(classToChk);
T a = (T) classToChk.getAnnotation(annoClass);
if (a != null)
{
return a;
}
stack.push(classToChk.getSuperclass());
addInterfaces(classToChk, stack);
}
return null;
}
private static void addInterfaces(final Class classToCheck, final LinkedList> stack)
{
for (Class interFace : classToCheck.getInterfaces())
{
stack.push(interFace);
}
}
public static T getMethodAnnotation(final Method method, final Class annoClass)
{
final Set> visited = new HashSet<>();
final LinkedList> stack = new LinkedList<>();
stack.add(method.getDeclaringClass());
while (!stack.isEmpty())
{
Class classToChk = stack.pop();
if (classToChk == null || visited.contains(classToChk))
{
continue;
}
visited.add(classToChk);
Method m = getMethod(classToChk, method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
if (m == null)
{
continue;
}
T a = m.getAnnotation(annoClass);
if (a != null)
{
return a;
}
stack.push(classToChk.getSuperclass());
addInterfaces(method.getDeclaringClass(), stack);
}
return null;
}
/**
* Fetch a public method reflectively by name with argument types. This method caches the lookup, so that
* subsequent calls are significantly faster. The method can be on an inherited class of the passed in [starting]
* Class.
* @param c Class on which method is to be found.
* @param methodName String name of method to find.
* @param types Argument types for the method (null is used for no argument methods).
* @return Method located, or null if not found.
*/
public static Method getMethod(Class c, String methodName, Class...types)
{
try
{
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(getClassLoaderName(c));
builder.append('.');
builder.append(c.getName());
builder.append('.');
builder.append(methodName);
builder.append(makeParamKey(types));
// methodKey is in form ClassName.methodName:arg1.class|arg2.class|...
String methodKey = builder.toString();
Method method = METHOD_MAP.get(methodKey);
if (method == null)
{
method = c.getMethod(methodName, types);
Method other = METHOD_MAP.putIfAbsent(methodKey, method);
if (other != null)
{
method = other;
}
}
return method;
}
catch (Exception nse)
{
return null;
}
}
/**
* Retrieve the declared fields on a Class.
*/
public static List getDeclaredFields(final Class c) {
return FIELD_META_CACHE.computeIfAbsent(c, ReflectionUtils::buildDeclaredFields);
}
/**
* Get all non static, non transient, fields of the passed in class, including
* private fields. Note, the special this$ field is also not returned. The result
* is cached in a static ConcurrentHashMap to benefit execution performance.
* @param c Class instance
* @return Collection of only the fields in the passed in class
* that would need further processing (reference fields). This
* makes field traversal on a class faster as it does not need to
* continually process known fields like primitives.
*/
public static Collection getDeepDeclaredFields(Class c)
{
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(getClassLoaderName(c));
builder.append('.');
builder.append(c.getName());
String key = builder.toString();
Collection fields = FIELD_MAP.get(key);
if (fields != null)
{
return fields;
}
fields = new ArrayList<>();
Class curr = c;
while (curr != null)
{
getDeclaredFields(curr, fields);
curr = curr.getSuperclass();
}
FIELD_MAP.put(key, fields);
return fields;
}
/**
* Get all non static, non transient, fields of the passed in class, including
* private fields. Note, the special this$ field is also not returned. The
* resulting fields are stored in a Collection.
* @param c Class instance
* that would need further processing (reference fields). This
* makes field traversal on a class faster as it does not need to
* continually process known fields like primitives.
*/
public static void getDeclaredFields(Class c, Collection fields) {
try
{
Field[] local = c.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : local)
{
int modifiers = field.getModifiers();
if (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) || Modifier.isTransient(modifiers))
{ // skip static and transient fields
continue;
}
String fieldName = field.getName();
if ("metaClass".equals(fieldName) && "groovy.lang.MetaClass".equals(field.getType().getName()))
{ // skip Groovy metaClass field if present (without tying this project to Groovy in any way).
continue;
}
if (fieldName.startsWith("this$"))
{ // Skip field in nested class pointing to enclosing outer class instance
continue;
}
if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))
{
fields.add(field);
}
else
{
// JDK11+ field.trySetAccessible();
try
{
field.setAccessible(true);
}
catch(Exception e) { }
// JDK11+
fields.add(field);
}
}
}
catch (Throwable ignore)
{
ExceptionUtilities.safelyIgnoreException(ignore);
}
}
/**
* Return all Fields from a class (including inherited), mapped by
* String field name to java.lang.reflect.Field.
* @param c Class whose fields are being fetched.
* @return Map of all fields on the Class, keyed by String field
* name to java.lang.reflect.Field.
*/
public static Map getDeepDeclaredFieldMap(Class c)
{
Map fieldMap = new HashMap<>();
Collection fields = getDeepDeclaredFields(c);
for (Field field : fields)
{
String fieldName = field.getName();
if (fieldMap.containsKey(fieldName))
{ // Can happen when parent and child class both have private field with same name
fieldMap.put(field.getDeclaringClass().getName() + '.' + fieldName, field);
}
else
{
fieldMap.put(fieldName, field);
}
}
return fieldMap;
}
/**
* Make reflective method calls without having to handle two checked exceptions (IllegalAccessException and
* InvocationTargetException). These exceptions are caught and rethrown as RuntimeExceptions, with the original
* exception passed (nested) on.
* @param bean Object (instance) on which to call method.
* @param method Method instance from target object [easily obtained by calling ReflectionUtils.getMethod()].
* @param args Arguments to pass to method.
* @return Object Value from reflectively called method.
*/
public static Object call(Object bean, Method method, Object... args)
{
if (method == null)
{
String className = bean == null ? "null bean" : bean.getClass().getName();
throw new IllegalArgumentException("null Method passed to ReflectionUtils.call() on bean of type: " + className);
}
if (bean == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot call [" + method.getName() + "()] on a null object.");
}
try
{
return method.invoke(bean, args);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("IllegalAccessException occurred attempting to reflectively call method: " + method.getName() + "()", e);
}
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("Exception thrown inside reflectively called method: " + method.getName() + "()", e.getTargetException());
}
}
/**
* Make a reflective method call in one step. This approach does not support calling two different methods with
* the same argument count, since it caches methods internally by "className.methodName|argCount". For example,
* if you had a class with two methods, foo(int, String) and foo(String, String), you cannot use this method.
* However, this method would support calling foo(int), foo(int, String), foo(int, String, Object), etc.
* Internally, it is caching the reflective method lookups as mentioned earlier for speed, using argument count
* as part of the key (not all argument types).
*
* Ideally, use the call(Object, Method, Object...args) method when possible, as it will support any method, and
* also provides caching. There are times, however, when all that is passed in (REST APIs) is argument values,
* and if some of those are null, you may have an ambiguous targeted method. With this approach, you can still
* call these methods, assuming the methods are not overloaded with the same number of arguments and differing
* types.
*
* @param bean Object instance on which to call method.
* @param methodName String name of method to call.
* @param args Arguments to pass.
* @return Object value returned from the reflectively invoked method.
*/
public static Object call(Object bean, String methodName, Object... args)
{
Method method = getMethod(bean, methodName, args.length);
try
{
return method.invoke(bean, args);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("IllegalAccessException occurred attempting to reflectively call method: " + method.getName() + "()", e);
}
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException("Exception thrown inside reflectively called method: " + method.getName() + "()", e.getTargetException());
}
}
/**
* Fetch the named method from the passed in Object instance. This method caches found methods, so it should be used
* instead of reflectively searching for the method every time. Ideally, use the other getMethod() API that
* takes an additional argument, Class[] of argument types (most desirable). This is to better support overloaded
* methods. Sometimes, you only have the argument values, and if they can be null, you cannot call the getMethod()
* API that take argument Class types.
* @param bean Object on which the named method will be found.
* @param methodName String name of method to be located on the controller.
* @param argCount int number of arguments. This is used as part of the cache key to allow for
* duplicate method names as long as the argument list length is different.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
*/
public static Method getMethod(Object bean, String methodName, int argCount)
{
if (bean == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempted to call getMethod() [" + methodName + "()] on a null instance.");
}
if (methodName == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempted to call getMethod() with a null method name on an instance of: " + bean.getClass().getName());
}
Class beanClass = bean.getClass();
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(getClassLoaderName(beanClass));
builder.append('.');
builder.append(beanClass.getName());
builder.append('.');
builder.append(methodName);
builder.append('|');
builder.append(argCount);
String methodKey = builder.toString();
Method method = METHOD_MAP2.get(methodKey);
if (method == null)
{
method = getMethodWithArgs(beanClass, methodName, argCount);
if (method == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Method: " + methodName + "() is not found on class: " + beanClass.getName() + ". Perhaps the method is protected, private, or misspelled?");
}
Method other = METHOD_MAP2.putIfAbsent(methodKey, method);
if (other != null)
{
method = other;
}
}
return method;
}
/**
* Reflectively find the requested method on the requested class, only matching on argument count.
*/
private static Method getMethodWithArgs(Class c, String methodName, int argc)
{
Method[] methods = c.getMethods();
for (Method method : methods)
{
if (methodName.equals(method.getName()) && method.getParameterTypes().length == argc)
{
return method;
}
}
return null;
}
public static Constructor getConstructor(Class clazz, Class... parameterTypes)
{
try
{
String key = clazz.getName() + makeParamKey(parameterTypes);
Constructor constructor = CONSTRUCTORS.get(key);
if (constructor == null)
{
constructor = clazz.getConstructor(parameterTypes);
Constructor constructorRef = CONSTRUCTORS.putIfAbsent(key, constructor);
if (constructorRef != null)
{
constructor = constructorRef;
}
}
return constructor;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempted to get Constructor that did not exist.", e);
}
}
private static String makeParamKey(Class... parameterTypes)
{
if (parameterTypes == null || parameterTypes.length == 0)
{
return "";
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(":");
Iterator> i = Arrays.stream(parameterTypes).iterator();
while (i.hasNext())
{
Class param = i.next();
builder.append(param.getName());
if (i.hasNext())
{
builder.append('|');
}
}
return builder.toString();
}
/**
* Fetch the named method from the passed in Class. This method caches found methods, so it should be used
* instead of reflectively searching for the method every time. This method expects the desired method name to
* not be overloaded.
* @param clazz Class that contains the desired method.
* @param methodName String name of method to be located on the controller.
* @return Method instance found on the passed in class, or an IllegalArgumentException is thrown.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
*/
public static Method getNonOverloadedMethod(Class clazz, String methodName)
{
if (clazz == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempted to call getMethod() [" + methodName + "()] on a null class.");
}
if (methodName == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempted to call getMethod() with a null method name on class: " + clazz.getName());
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(getClassLoaderName(clazz));
builder.append('.');
builder.append(clazz.getName());
builder.append('.');
builder.append(methodName);
String methodKey = builder.toString();
Method method = METHOD_MAP3.get(methodKey);
if (method == null)
{
method = getMethodNoArgs(clazz, methodName);
if (method == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Method: " + methodName + "() is not found on class: " + clazz.getName() + ". Perhaps the method is protected, private, or misspelled?");
}
Method other = METHOD_MAP3.putIfAbsent(methodKey, method);
if (other != null)
{
method = other;
}
}
return method;
}
/**
* Reflectively find the requested method on the requested class, only matching on argument count.
*/
private static Method getMethodNoArgs(Class c, String methodName)
{
Method[] methods = c.getMethods();
Method foundMethod = null;
for (Method method : methods)
{
if (methodName.equals(method.getName()))
{
if (foundMethod != null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Method: " + methodName + "() called on a class with overloaded methods - ambiguous as to which one to return. Use getMethod() that takes argument types or argument count.");
}
foundMethod = method;
}
}
return foundMethod;
}
/**
* Return the name of the class on the object, or "null" if the object is null.
* @param o Object to get the class name.
* @return String name of the class or "null"
*/
public static String getClassName(Object o)
{
return o == null ? "null" : o.getClass().getName();
}
/**
* Given a byte[] of a Java .class file (compiled Java), this code will retrieve the class name from those bytes.
* @param byteCode byte[] of compiled byte code.
* @return String name of class
* @throws Exception potential io exceptions can happen
*/
public static String getClassNameFromByteCode(byte[] byteCode) throws Exception
{
InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteCode);
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is);
dis.readInt(); // magic number
dis.readShort(); // minor version
dis.readShort(); // major version
int cpcnt = (dis.readShort() & 0xffff) - 1;
int[] classes = new int[cpcnt];
String[] strings = new String[cpcnt];
int prevT;
int t = 0;
for (int i=0; i < cpcnt; i++)
{
prevT = t;
t = dis.read(); // tag - 1 byte
if (t == 1) // CONSTANT_Utf8
{
strings[i] = dis.readUTF();
}
else if (t == 3 || t == 4) // CONSTANT_Integer || CONSTANT_Float
{
dis.readInt(); // bytes
}
else if (t == 5 || t == 6) // CONSTANT_Long || CONSTANT_Double
{
dis.readInt(); // high_bytes
dis.readInt(); // low_bytes
i++; // All 8-byte constants take up two entries in the constant_pool table of the class file.
}
else if (t == 7) // CONSTANT_Class
{
classes[i] = dis.readShort() & 0xffff;
}
else if (t == 8) // CONSTANT_String
{
dis.readShort(); // string_index
}
else if (t == 9 || t == 10 || t == 11) // CONSTANT_Fieldref || CONSTANT_Methodref || CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref
{
dis.readShort(); // class_index
dis.readShort(); // name_and_type_index
}
else if (t == 12) // CONSTANT_NameAndType
{
dis.readShort(); // name_index
dis.readShort(); // descriptor_index
}
else if (t == 15) // CONSTANT_MethodHandle
{
dis.readByte(); // reference_kind
dis.readShort(); // reference_index
}
else if (t == 16) // CONSTANT_MethodType
{
dis.readShort(); // descriptor_index
}
else if (t == 17 || t == 18) // CONSTANT_Dynamic || CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic
{
dis.readShort(); // bootstrap_method_attr_index
dis.readShort(); // name_and_type_index
}
else if (t == 19 || t == 20) // CONSTANT_Module || CONSTANT_Package
{
dis.readShort(); // name_index
}
else
{
throw new IllegalStateException("Byte code format exceeds JDK 17 format.");
}
}
dis.readShort(); // access flags
int thisClassIndex = dis.readShort() & 0xffff; // this_class
int stringIndex = classes[thisClassIndex - 1];
String className = strings[stringIndex - 1];
return className.replace('/', '.');
}
static String getClassLoaderName(Class c)
{
ClassLoader loader = c.getClassLoader();
return loader == null ? "bootstrap" : loader.toString();
}
private static List buildDeclaredFields(final Class c) {
Convention.throwIfNull(c, "class cannot be null");
Field[] fields = c.getDeclaredFields();
List list = new ArrayList<>(fields.length);
for (Field field : fields) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()) ||
(field.getDeclaringClass().isEnum() && ("internal".equals(field.getName()) || "ENUM$VALUES".equals(field.getName()))) ||
(field.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Enum.class) && ("hash".equals(field.getName()) || "ordinal".equals(field.getName())))) {
continue;
}
list.add(field);
}
return list;
}
}
