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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkNonnegative;
import static com.google.common.collect.ObjectArrays.checkElementsNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * A {@link Collection} whose contents will never change, and which offers a few additional
 * guarantees detailed below.
 *
 * 

Warning: avoid direct usage of {@link ImmutableCollection} as a type (just as * with {@link Collection} itself). Prefer subtypes such as {@link ImmutableSet} or {@link * ImmutableList}, which have well-defined {@link #equals} semantics, thus avoiding a common source * of bugs and confusion. * *

About all {@code Immutable-} collections

* *

The remainder of this documentation applies to every public {@code Immutable-} type in this * package, whether it is a subtype of {@code ImmutableCollection} or not. * *

Guarantees

* *

Each makes the following guarantees: * *

    *
  • Shallow immutability. Elements can never be added, removed or replaced in this * collection. This is a stronger guarantee than that of * {@link Collections#unmodifiableCollection}, whose contents change whenever the wrapped * collection is modified. *
  • Null-hostility. This collection will never contain a null element. *
  • Deterministic iteration. The iteration order is always well-defined, depending on how * the collection was created (see the appropriate factory method for details). View collections * such as {@link ImmutableMultiset#elementSet} iterate in the same order as the parent, except * as noted. *
  • Thread safety. It is safe to access this collection concurrently from multiple * threads. *
  • Integrity. This type cannot be subclassed outside this package (which would allow * these guarantees to be violated). *
* *

"Interfaces", not implementations

* *

Each public class, such as {@link ImmutableSet}, is a type offering meaningful * behavioral guarantees -- not merely a specific implementation as in the case of, say, * {@link ArrayList}. You should treat them as interfaces in every important sense of the word. * *

For field types and method return types, you should generally use the immutable type (such as * {@link ImmutableList}) instead of the general collection interface type (such as {@link List}). * This communicates to your callers all of the semantic guarantees listed above, which is almost * always very useful information. * *

On the other hand, a parameter type of {@link ImmutableList} is generally a nuisance to * callers. Instead, accept {@link Iterable} and have your method or constructor body pass it to the * appropriate {@code copyOf} method itself. * *

Creation

* *

Except for logically "abstract" types like {@code ImmutableCollection} itself, each {@code * Immutable} type provides the static operations you need to obtain instances of that type. These * usually include: * *

    *
  • Static methods named {@code of}, accepting an explicit list of elements or entries. *
  • Static methods named {@code copyOf} (or {@code copyOfSorted}), accepting an existing * collection whose contents should be copied. *
  • A static nested {@code Builder} class which can be used to populate a new immutable instance. *
* *

Warnings

* *
    *
  • Warning: as with any collection, it is almost always a bad idea to modify an element * (in a way that affects its {@link Object#equals} behavior) while it is contained in a * collection. Undefined behavior and bugs will result. It's generally best to avoid using * mutable objects as elements at all, as many users may expect your "immutable" object to be * deeply immutable. *
* *

Performance notes

* *
    *
  • Implementations can be generally assumed to prioritize memory efficiency, then speed of * access, and lastly speed of creation. *
  • The {@code copyOf} methods will sometimes recognize that the actual copy operation is * unnecessary; for example, {@code copyOf(copyOf(anArrayList))} should copy the data only once. * This reduces the expense of habitually making defensive copies at API boundaries. However, * the precise conditions for skipping the copy operation are undefined. *
  • Warning: a view collection such as {@link ImmutableMap#keySet} or {@link * ImmutableList#subList} may retain a reference to the entire data set, preventing it from * being garbage collected. If some of the data is no longer reachable through other means, this * constitutes a memory leak. Pass the view collection to the appropriate {@code copyOf} method * to obtain a correctly-sized copy. *
  • The performance of using the associated {@code Builder} class can be assumed to be * no worse, and possibly better, than creating a mutable collection and copying it. *
  • Implementations generally do not cache hash codes. If your element or key type has a slow * {@code hashCode} implementation, it should cache it itself. *
* *

Example usage

* *
   {@code
 *
 *   class Foo {
 *     private static final ImmutableSet RESERVED_CODES =
 *         ImmutableSet.of("AZ", "CQ", "ZX");
 *
 *     private final ImmutableSet codes;
 *
 *     public Foo(Iterable codes) {
 *       this.codes = ImmutableSet.copyOf(codes);
 *       checkArgument(Collections.disjoint(this.codes, RESERVED_CODES));
 *     }
 *   }}
* *

See also

* *

See the Guava User Guide article on * immutable collections. * * @since 2.0 */ @GwtCompatible(emulated = true) @SuppressWarnings("serial") // we're overriding default serialization // TODO(kevinb): I think we should push everything down to "BaseImmutableCollection" or something, // just to do everything we can to emphasize the "practically an interface" nature of this class. public abstract class ImmutableCollection extends AbstractCollection implements Serializable { ImmutableCollection() {} /** * Returns an unmodifiable iterator across the elements in this collection. */ @Override public abstract UnmodifiableIterator iterator(); @Override public final Object[] toArray() { int size = size(); if (size == 0) { return ObjectArrays.EMPTY_ARRAY; } Object[] result = new Object[size]; copyIntoArray(result, 0); return result; } @Override public final T[] toArray(T[] other) { checkNotNull(other); int size = size(); if (other.length < size) { other = ObjectArrays.newArray(other, size); } else if (other.length > size) { other[size] = null; } copyIntoArray(other, 0); return other; } @Override public abstract boolean contains(@Nullable Object object); /** * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the collection unmodified. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always * @deprecated Unsupported operation. */ @Deprecated @Override public final boolean add(E e) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the collection unmodified. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always * @deprecated Unsupported operation. */ @Deprecated @Override public final boolean remove(Object object) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the collection unmodified. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always * @deprecated Unsupported operation. */ @Deprecated @Override public final boolean addAll(Collection newElements) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the collection unmodified. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always * @deprecated Unsupported operation. */ @Deprecated @Override public final boolean removeAll(Collection oldElements) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the collection unmodified. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always * @deprecated Unsupported operation. */ @Deprecated @Override public final boolean retainAll(Collection elementsToKeep) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the collection unmodified. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always * @deprecated Unsupported operation. */ @Deprecated @Override public final void clear() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /* * TODO(kevinb): Restructure code so ImmutableList doesn't contain this * variable, which it doesn't use. */ private transient ImmutableList asList; /** * Returns an {@code ImmutableList} containing the same elements, in the same order, as this * collection. * *

Performance note: in most cases this method can return quickly without actually * copying anything. The exact circumstances under which the copy is performed are undefined and * subject to change. * * @since 2.0 */ public ImmutableList asList() { ImmutableList list = asList; return (list == null) ? (asList = createAsList()) : list; } ImmutableList createAsList() { switch (size()) { case 0: return ImmutableList.of(); case 1: return ImmutableList.of(iterator().next()); default: return new RegularImmutableAsList(this, toArray()); } } /** * Returns {@code true} if this immutable collection's implementation contains references to * user-created objects that aren't accessible via this collection's methods. This is generally * used to determine whether {@code copyOf} implementations should make an explicit copy to avoid * memory leaks. */ abstract boolean isPartialView(); /** * Copies the contents of this immutable collection into the specified array at the specified * offset. Returns {@code offset + size()}. */ int copyIntoArray(Object[] dst, int offset) { for (E e : this) { dst[offset++] = e; } return offset; } Object writeReplace() { // We serialize by default to ImmutableList, the simplest thing that works. return new ImmutableList.SerializedForm(toArray()); } /** * Abstract base class for builders of {@link ImmutableCollection} types. * * @since 10.0 */ public abstract static class Builder { static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 4; static int expandedCapacity(int oldCapacity, int minCapacity) { if (minCapacity < 0) { throw new AssertionError("cannot store more than MAX_VALUE elements"); } // careful of overflow! int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1) + 1; if (newCapacity < minCapacity) { newCapacity = Integer.highestOneBit(minCapacity - 1) << 1; } if (newCapacity < 0) { newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE; // guaranteed to be >= newCapacity } return newCapacity; } Builder() {} /** * Adds {@code element} to the {@code ImmutableCollection} being built. * *

Note that each builder class covariantly returns its own type from * this method. * * @param element the element to add * @return this {@code Builder} instance * @throws NullPointerException if {@code element} is null */ public abstract Builder add(E element); /** * Adds each element of {@code elements} to the {@code ImmutableCollection} * being built. * *

Note that each builder class overrides this method in order to * covariantly return its own type. * * @param elements the elements to add * @return this {@code Builder} instance * @throws NullPointerException if {@code elements} is null or contains a * null element */ public Builder add(E... elements) { for (E element : elements) { add(element); } return this; } /** * Adds each element of {@code elements} to the {@code ImmutableCollection} * being built. * *

Note that each builder class overrides this method in order to * covariantly return its own type. * * @param elements the elements to add * @return this {@code Builder} instance * @throws NullPointerException if {@code elements} is null or contains a * null element */ public Builder addAll(Iterable elements) { for (E element : elements) { add(element); } return this; } /** * Adds each element of {@code elements} to the {@code ImmutableCollection} * being built. * *

Note that each builder class overrides this method in order to * covariantly return its own type. * * @param elements the elements to add * @return this {@code Builder} instance * @throws NullPointerException if {@code elements} is null or contains a * null element */ public Builder addAll(Iterator elements) { while (elements.hasNext()) { add(elements.next()); } return this; } /** * Returns a newly-created {@code ImmutableCollection} of the appropriate * type, containing the elements provided to this builder. * *

Note that each builder class covariantly returns the appropriate type * of {@code ImmutableCollection} from this method. */ public abstract ImmutableCollection build(); } abstract static class ArrayBasedBuilder extends ImmutableCollection.Builder { Object[] contents; int size; ArrayBasedBuilder(int initialCapacity) { checkNonnegative(initialCapacity, "initialCapacity"); this.contents = new Object[initialCapacity]; this.size = 0; } /** * Expand the absolute capacity of the builder so it can accept at least * the specified number of elements without being resized. */ private void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) { if (contents.length < minCapacity) { this.contents = ObjectArrays.arraysCopyOf( this.contents, expandedCapacity(contents.length, minCapacity)); } } @Override public ArrayBasedBuilder add(E element) { checkNotNull(element); ensureCapacity(size + 1); contents[size++] = element; return this; } @Override public Builder add(E... elements) { checkElementsNotNull(elements); ensureCapacity(size + elements.length); System.arraycopy(elements, 0, contents, size, elements.length); size += elements.length; return this; } @Override public Builder addAll(Iterable elements) { if (elements instanceof Collection) { Collection collection = (Collection) elements; ensureCapacity(size + collection.size()); } super.addAll(elements); return this; } } }





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