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/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2014 IBM Corporation and others.
 * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
 * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
 * 
 * Contributors:
 *     IBM - Initial API and implementation
 *******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.osgi.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.*;
import org.eclipse.osgi.framework.log.FrameworkLog;
import org.eclipse.osgi.framework.log.FrameworkLogEntry;
import org.eclipse.osgi.internal.util.SupplementDebug;

/**
 * Common superclass for all message bundle classes.  Provides convenience
 * methods for manipulating messages.
 * 

* The #bind methods perform string substitution and should be considered a * convenience and not a full substitute replacement for MessageFormat#format * method calls. *

*

* Text appearing within curly braces in the given message, will be interpreted * as a numeric index to the corresponding substitution object in the given array. Calling * the #bind methods with text that does not map to an integer will result in an * {@link IllegalArgumentException}. *

*

* Text appearing within single quotes is treated as a literal. A single quote is escaped by * a preceeding single quote. *

*

* Clients who wish to use the full substitution power of the MessageFormat class should * call that class directly and not use these #bind methods. *

*

* Clients may subclass this type. *

* * @since 3.1 */ public abstract class NLS { private static final Object[] EMPTY_ARGS = new Object[0]; private static final String EXTENSION = ".properties"; //$NON-NLS-1$ private static String[] nlSuffixes; private static final String PROP_WARNINGS = "osgi.nls.warnings"; //$NON-NLS-1$ private static final String IGNORE = "ignore"; //$NON-NLS-1$ private static final boolean ignoreWarnings = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() { public Boolean run() { return IGNORE.equals(System.getProperty(PROP_WARNINGS)); } }); /* * NOTE do not change the name of this field; it is set by the Framework using reflection */ private static FrameworkLog frameworkLog; static final int SEVERITY_ERROR = 0x04; static final int SEVERITY_WARNING = 0x02; /* * This object is assigned to the value of a field map to indicate * that a translated message has already been assigned to that field. */ static final Object ASSIGNED = new Object(); /** * Creates a new NLS instance. */ protected NLS() { super(); } /** * Bind the given message's substitution locations with the given string value. * * @param message the message to be manipulated * @param binding the object to be inserted into the message * @return the manipulated String * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the text appearing within curly braces in the given message does not map to an integer */ public static String bind(String message, Object binding) { return internalBind(message, null, String.valueOf(binding), null); } /** * Bind the given message's substitution locations with the given string values. * * @param message the message to be manipulated * @param binding1 An object to be inserted into the message * @param binding2 A second object to be inserted into the message * @return the manipulated String * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the text appearing within curly braces in the given message does not map to an integer */ public static String bind(String message, Object binding1, Object binding2) { return internalBind(message, null, String.valueOf(binding1), String.valueOf(binding2)); } /** * Bind the given message's substitution locations with the given string values. * * @param message the message to be manipulated * @param bindings An array of objects to be inserted into the message * @return the manipulated String * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the text appearing within curly braces in the given message does not map to an integer */ public static String bind(String message, Object[] bindings) { return internalBind(message, bindings, null, null); } /** * Initialize the given class with the values from the message properties specified by the * base name. The base name specifies a fully qualified base name to a message properties file, * including the package where the message properties file is located. The class loader of the * specified class will be used to load the message properties resources. *

* For example, if the locale is set to en_US and org.eclipse.example.nls.messages * is used as the base name then the following resources will be searched using the class * loader of the specified class: *

	 *   org/eclipse/example/nls/messages_en_US.properties
	 *   org/eclipse/example/nls/messages_en.properties
	 *   org/eclipse/example/nls/messages.properties
	 * 
*

* * @param baseName the base name of a fully qualified message properties file. * @param clazz the class where the constants will exist */ public static void initializeMessages(final String baseName, final Class clazz) { if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) { load(baseName, clazz); return; } AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() { public Void run() { load(baseName, clazz); return null; } }); } /* * Perform the string substitution on the given message with the specified args. * See the class comment for exact details. */ private static String internalBind(String message, Object[] args, String argZero, String argOne) { if (message == null) return "No message available."; //$NON-NLS-1$ if (args == null || args.length == 0) args = EMPTY_ARGS; int length = message.length(); //estimate correct size of string buffer to avoid growth int bufLen = length + (args.length * 5); if (argZero != null) bufLen += argZero.length() - 3; if (argOne != null) bufLen += argOne.length() - 3; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(bufLen < 0 ? 0 : bufLen); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { char c = message.charAt(i); switch (c) { case '{' : int index = message.indexOf('}', i); // if we don't have a matching closing brace then... if (index == -1) { buffer.append(c); break; } i++; if (i >= length) { buffer.append(c); break; } // look for a substitution int number = -1; try { number = Integer.parseInt(message.substring(i, index)); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { throw (IllegalArgumentException) new IllegalArgumentException().initCause(e); } if (number == 0 && argZero != null) buffer.append(argZero); else if (number == 1 && argOne != null) buffer.append(argOne); else { if (number >= args.length || number < 0) { buffer.append(""); //$NON-NLS-1$ i = index; break; } buffer.append(args[number]); } i = index; break; case '\'' : // if a single quote is the last char on the line then skip it int nextIndex = i + 1; if (nextIndex >= length) { buffer.append(c); break; } char next = message.charAt(nextIndex); // if the next char is another single quote then write out one if (next == '\'') { i++; buffer.append(c); break; } // otherwise we want to read until we get to the next single quote index = message.indexOf('\'', nextIndex); // if there are no more in the string, then skip it if (index == -1) { buffer.append(c); break; } // otherwise write out the chars inside the quotes buffer.append(message.substring(nextIndex, index)); i = index; break; default : buffer.append(c); } } return buffer.toString(); } /* * Build an array of property files to search. The returned array contains * the property fields in order from most specific to most generic. * So, in the FR_fr locale, it will return file_fr_FR.properties, then * file_fr.properties, and finally file.properties. */ private static String[] buildVariants(String root) { if (nlSuffixes == null) { //build list of suffixes for loading resource bundles String nl = Locale.getDefault().toString(); List result = new ArrayList(4); int lastSeparator; while (true) { result.add('_' + nl + EXTENSION); lastSeparator = nl.lastIndexOf('_'); if (lastSeparator == -1) break; nl = nl.substring(0, lastSeparator); } //add the empty suffix last (most general) result.add(EXTENSION); nlSuffixes = result.toArray(new String[result.size()]); } root = root.replace('.', '/'); String[] variants = new String[nlSuffixes.length]; for (int i = 0; i < variants.length; i++) variants[i] = root + nlSuffixes[i]; return variants; } private static void computeMissingMessages(String bundleName, Class clazz, Map fieldMap, Field[] fieldArray, boolean isAccessible) { // iterate over the fields in the class to make sure that there aren't any empty ones final int MOD_EXPECTED = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.STATIC; final int MOD_MASK = MOD_EXPECTED | Modifier.FINAL; final int numFields = fieldArray.length; for (int i = 0; i < numFields; i++) { Field field = fieldArray[i]; if ((field.getModifiers() & MOD_MASK) != MOD_EXPECTED) continue; //if the field has a a value assigned, there is nothing to do if (fieldMap.get(field.getName()) == ASSIGNED) continue; try { // Set a value for this empty field. We should never get an exception here because // we know we have a public static non-final field. If we do get an exception, silently // log it and continue. This means that the field will (most likely) be un-initialized and // will fail later in the code and if so then we will see both the NPE and this error. String value = "NLS missing message: " + field.getName() + " in: " + bundleName; //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$ if (SupplementDebug.STATIC_DEBUG_MESSAGE_BUNDLES) System.out.println(value); log(SEVERITY_WARNING, value, null); if (!isAccessible) field.setAccessible(true); field.set(null, value); } catch (Exception e) { log(SEVERITY_ERROR, "Error setting the missing message value for: " + field.getName(), e); //$NON-NLS-1$ } } } /* * Load the given resource bundle using the specified class loader. */ static void load(final String bundleName, Class clazz) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); final Field[] fieldArray = clazz.getDeclaredFields(); ClassLoader loader = clazz.getClassLoader(); boolean isAccessible = (clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0; //build a map of field names to Field objects final int len = fieldArray.length; Map fields = new HashMap(len * 2); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) fields.put(fieldArray[i].getName(), fieldArray[i]); // search the variants from most specific to most general, since // the MessagesProperties.put method will mark assigned fields // to prevent them from being assigned twice final String[] variants = buildVariants(bundleName); for (int i = 0; i < variants.length; i++) { // loader==null if we're launched off the Java boot classpath final InputStream input = loader == null ? ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(variants[i]) : loader.getResourceAsStream(variants[i]); if (input == null) continue; try { final MessagesProperties properties = new MessagesProperties(fields, bundleName, isAccessible); properties.load(input); } catch (IOException e) { log(SEVERITY_ERROR, "Error loading " + variants[i], e); //$NON-NLS-1$ } finally { if (input != null) try { input.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // ignore } } } computeMissingMessages(bundleName, clazz, fields, fieldArray, isAccessible); if (SupplementDebug.STATIC_DEBUG_MESSAGE_BUNDLES) System.out.println("Time to load message bundle: " + bundleName + " was " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms."); //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$ //$NON-NLS-3$ } /* * The method adds a log entry based on the error message and exception. * The output is written to the System.err. * * This method is only expected to be called if there is a problem in * the NLS mechanism. As a result, translation facility is not available * here and messages coming out of this log are generally not translated. * * @param severity - severity of the message (SEVERITY_ERROR or SEVERITY_WARNING) * @param message - message to log * @param e - exception to log */ static void log(int severity, String message, Exception e) { if (severity == SEVERITY_WARNING && ignoreWarnings) return; // ignoring warnings; bug 292980 if (frameworkLog != null) { frameworkLog.log(new FrameworkLogEntry("org.eclipse.osgi", severity, 1, message, 0, e, null)); //$NON-NLS-1$ return; } String statusMsg; switch (severity) { case SEVERITY_ERROR : statusMsg = "Error: "; //$NON-NLS-1$ break; case SEVERITY_WARNING : // intentionally fall through: default : statusMsg = "Warning: "; //$NON-NLS-1$ } if (message != null) statusMsg += message; if (e != null) statusMsg += ": " + e.getMessage(); //$NON-NLS-1$ System.err.println(statusMsg); if (e != null) e.printStackTrace(); } /* * Class which sub-classes java.util.Properties and uses the #put method * to set field values rather than storing the values in the table. */ private static class MessagesProperties extends Properties { private static final int MOD_EXPECTED = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.STATIC; private static final int MOD_MASK = MOD_EXPECTED | Modifier.FINAL; private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private final String bundleName; private final Map fields; private final boolean isAccessible; public MessagesProperties(Map fieldMap, String bundleName, boolean isAccessible) { super(); this.fields = fieldMap; this.bundleName = bundleName; this.isAccessible = isAccessible; } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.util.Hashtable#put(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object) */ public synchronized Object put(Object key, Object value) { Object fieldObject = fields.put(key, ASSIGNED); // if already assigned, there is nothing to do if (fieldObject == ASSIGNED) return null; if (fieldObject == null) { final String msg = "NLS unused message: " + key + " in: " + bundleName;//$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$ if (SupplementDebug.STATIC_DEBUG_MESSAGE_BUNDLES) System.out.println(msg); // keys with '.' are ignored by design (bug 433424) if (key instanceof String && ((String) key).indexOf('.') < 0) { log(SEVERITY_WARNING, msg, null); } return null; } final Field field = (Field) fieldObject; //can only set value of public static non-final fields if ((field.getModifiers() & MOD_MASK) != MOD_EXPECTED) return null; try { // Check to see if we are allowed to modify the field. If we aren't (for instance // if the class is not public) then change the accessible attribute of the field // before trying to set the value. if (!isAccessible) field.setAccessible(true); // Set the value into the field. We should never get an exception here because // we know we have a public static non-final field. If we do get an exception, silently // log it and continue. This means that the field will (most likely) be un-initialized and // will fail later in the code and if so then we will see both the NPE and this error. // Extra care is taken to be sure we create a String with its own backing char[] (bug 287183) // This is to ensure we do not keep the key chars in memory. field.set(null, new String(((String) value).toCharArray())); } catch (Exception e) { log(SEVERITY_ERROR, "Exception setting field value.", e); //$NON-NLS-1$ } return null; } } }




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