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package com.diozero.devices;
/*-
* #%L
* Organisation: diozero
* Project: Device I/O Zero - Core
* Filename: BME680.java
*
* This file is part of the diozero project. More information about this project
* can be found at http://www.diozero.com/
* %%
* Copyright (C) 2016 - 2020 diozero
* %%
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
* #L%
*/
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import org.tinylog.Logger;
import com.diozero.api.BarometerInterface;
import com.diozero.api.HygrometerInterface;
import com.diozero.api.I2CConstants;
import com.diozero.api.I2CDevice;
import com.diozero.api.ThermometerInterface;
import com.diozero.util.SleepUtil;
/*-
* Indoor air quality (IAQ) output. In principle, this output is in an index that can have values between 0 and 500 with
* a resolution of 1 to indicate or quantify the quality of the air available in the surrounding.
* Operational Range:
* Temperature: -40C-85C
* Humidity: 10-95 %r.H.
* IAQ: 0-500
* https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3660/BME680.pdf
* https://github.com/BoschSensortec/BME680_driver/blob/master/bme680.c
* https://github.com/pimoroni/bme680-python/blob/master/library/bme680/__init__.py
*/
public class BME680 implements BarometerInterface, ThermometerInterface, HygrometerInterface {
/**
* Chip vendor for the BME680
*/
private static final String CHIP_VENDOR = "Bosch";
/**
* Chip name for the BME680
*/
private static final String CHIP_NAME = "BME680";
/**
* Chip ID for the BME680
*/
private static final int CHIP_ID_BME680 = 0x61;
/**
* Default I2C address for the sensor.
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_I2C_ADDRESS = 0x76;
/**
* Alternative I2C address for the sensor.
*/
private static final int ALTERNATIVE_I2C_ADDRESS = 0x77;
/**
* Minimum pressure in hPa the sensor can measure.
*/
private static final float MIN_PRESSURE_HPA = 300f;
/**
* Maximum pressure in hPa the sensor can measure.
*/
private static final float MAX_PRESSURE_HPA = 1100f;
/**
* Minimum humidity in percentage the sensor can measure.
*/
private static final float MIN_HUMIDITY_PERCENT = 0f;
/**
* Maximum humidity in percentage the sensor can measure.
*/
private static final float MAX_HUMIDITY_PERCENT = 100f;
/**
* Minimum humidity in percentage the sensor can measure.
*/
private static final float MIN_GAS_PERCENT = 10f;
/**
* Maximum humidity in percentage the sensor can measure.
*/
private static final float MAX_GAS_PERCENT = 95f;
/**
* Maximum power consumption in micro-amperes when measuring temperature.
*/
private static final float MAX_POWER_CONSUMPTION_TEMP_UA = 350f;
/**
* Maximum power consumption in micro-amperes when measuring pressure.
*/
private static final float MAX_POWER_CONSUMPTION_PRESSURE_UA = 714f;
/**
* Maximum power consumption in micro-amperes when measuring pressure.
*/
private static final float MAX_POWER_CONSUMPTION_HUMIDITY_UA = 340f;
/**
* Maximum power consumption in micro-amperes when measuring volatile gases.
*/
private static final float MAX_POWER_CONSUMPTION_GAS_UA = 13f; // 12f
// TODO: Fix this fake data from BME280
/**
* Maximum frequency of the measurements.
*/
private static final float MAX_FREQ_HZ = 181f;
/**
* Minimum frequency of the measurements.
*/
private static final float MIN_FREQ_HZ = 23.1f;
/**
* Power mode.
*/
public enum PowerMode {
SLEEP, FORCED;
}
/**
* Oversampling multiplier.
*/
public enum OversamplingMultiplier {
NONE(0), X1(1), X2(2), X4(4), X8(8), X16(16);
private int cycles;
private OversamplingMultiplier(int cycles) {
this.cycles = cycles;
}
public int getCycles() {
return cycles;
}
}
/**
* IIR filter size.
*/
public enum FilterSize {
NONE, SIZE_1, SIZE_3, SIZE_7, SIZE_15, SIZE_31, SIZE_63, SIZE_127;
}
/**
* Gas heater profile.
*/
public enum HeaterProfile {
PROFILE_0, PROFILE_1, PROFILE_2, PROFILE_3, PROFILE_4, PROFILE_5, PROFILE_6, PROFILE_7, PROFILE_8, PROFILE_9;
}
/**
* Gas heater duration.
*/
private static final int MIN_HEATER_DURATION = 1;
private static final int MAX_HEATER_DURATION = 4032;
// Registers
private static final int CHIP_ID_ADDRESS = 0xD0;
private static final int SOFT_RESET_ADDRESS = 0xe0;
// Sensor configuration registers
private static final int CONFIG_HEATER_CONTROL_ADDRESS = 0x70;
private static final int CONFIG_ODR_RUN_GAS_NBC_ADDRESS = 0x71;
private static final int CONFIG_OS_H_ADDRESS = 0x72;
private static final int CONFIG_T_P_MODE_ADDRESS = 0x74;
private static final int CONFIG_ODR_FILTER_ADDRESS = 0x75;
// field_x related defines
private static final int FIELD0_ADDRESS = 0x1d;
private static final int FIELD_LENGTH = 15;
private static final int FIELD_ADDRESS_OFFSET = 17;
// Heater settings
private static final int RESISTANCE_HEAT0_ADDRESS = 0x5a;
private static final int GAS_WAIT0_ADDRESS = 0x64;
// Commands
private static final int SOFT_RESET_COMMAND = 0xb6;
// BME680 coefficients related defines
private static final int COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS1_LEN = 25;
private static final int COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS2_LEN = 16;
// Coefficient's address
private static final int COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS1 = 0x89;
private static final int COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS2 = 0xe1;
// Other coefficient's address
private static final int RESISTANCE_HEAT_VALUE_ADDRESS = 0x00;
private static final int RESISTANCE_HEAT_RANGE_ADDRESS = 0x02;
private static final int RANGE_SWITCHING_ERROR_ADDRESS = 0x04;
private static final int SENSOR_CONFIG_START_ADDRESS = 0x5A;
private static final int GAS_CONFIG_START_ADDRESS = 0x64;
// Mask definitions
private static final int GAS_MEASURE_MASK = 0b00110000;
private static final int NBCONVERSION_MASK = 0b00001111;
private static final int FILTER_MASK = 0b00011100;
private static final int OVERSAMPLING_TEMPERATURE_MASK = 0b11100000;
private static final int OVERSAMPLING_PRESSURE_MASK = 0b00011100;
private static final int OVERSAMPLING_HUMIDITY_MASK = 0b00000111;
private static final int HEATER_CONTROL_MASK = 0b00001000;
private static final int RUN_GAS_MASK = 0b00010000;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0b00000011;
private static final int RESISTANCE_HEAT_RANGE_MASK = 0b00110000;
private static final int RANGE_SWITCHING_ERROR_MASK = 0b11110000;
private static final int NEW_DATA_MASK = 0b10000000;
private static final int GAS_INDEX_MASK = 0b00001111;
private static final int GAS_RANGE_MASK = 0b00001111;
private static final int GASM_VALID_MASK = 0b00100000;
private static final int HEAT_STABLE_MASK = 0b00010000;
private static final int MEM_PAGE_MASK = 0b00010000;
private static final int SPI_RD_MASK = 0b10000000;
private static final int SPI_WR_MASK = 0b01111111;
private static final int BIT_H1_DATA_MASK = 0b00001111;
// Bit position definitions for sensor settings
private static final int GAS_MEASURE_POSITION = 4;
private static final int NBCONVERSION_POSITION = 0;
private static final int FILTER_POSITION = 2;
private static final int OVERSAMPLING_TEMPERATURE_POSITION = 5;
private static final int OVERSAMPLING_PRESSURE_POSITION = 2;
private static final int OVERSAMPLING_HUMIDITY_POSITION = 0;
private static final int HEATER_CONTROL_POSITION = 3;
private static final int RUN_GAS_POSITION = 4;
private static final int MODE_POSITION = 0;
// Array Index to Field data mapping for Calibration Data
private static final int T2_LSB_REGISTER = 1;
private static final int T2_MSB_REGISTER = 2;
private static final int T3_REGISTER = 3;
private static final int P1_LSB_REGISTER = 5;
private static final int P1_MSB_REGISTER = 6;
private static final int P2_LSB_REGISTER = 7;
private static final int P2_MSB_REGISTER = 8;
private static final int P3_REGISTER = 9;
private static final int P4_LSB_REGISTER = 11;
private static final int P4_MSB_REGISTER = 12;
private static final int P5_LSB_REGISTER = 13;
private static final int P5_MSB_REGISTER = 14;
private static final int P7_REGISTER = 15;
private static final int P6_REGISTER = 16;
private static final int P8_LSB_REGISTER = 19;
private static final int P8_MSB_REGISTER = 20;
private static final int P9_LSB_REGISTER = 21;
private static final int P9_MSB_REGISTER = 22;
private static final int P10_REGISTER = 23;
private static final int H2_MSB_REGISTER = 25;
private static final int H2_LSB_REGISTER = 26;
private static final int H1_LSB_REGISTER = 26;
private static final int H1_MSB_REGISTER = 27;
private static final int H3_REGISTER = 28;
private static final int H4_REGISTER = 29;
private static final int H5_REGISTER = 30;
private static final int H6_REGISTER = 31;
private static final int H7_REGISTER = 32;
private static final int T1_LSB_REGISTER = 33;
private static final int T1_MSB_REGISTER = 34;
private static final int GH2_LSB_REGISTER = 35;
private static final int GH2_MSB_REGISTER = 36;
private static final int GH1_REGISTER = 37;
private static final int GH3_REGISTER = 38;
/*- This max value is used to provide precedence to multiplication or division
* in pressure compensation equation to achieve least loss of precision and
* avoiding overflows.
* i.e Comparing value, BME680_MAX_OVERFLOW_VAL = INT32_C(1 << 30)
* Other code has this at (1 << 31)
*/
private static final int MAX_OVERFLOW_VAL = 0x40000000;
private static final int HUMIDITY_REGISTER_SHIFT_VALUE = 4;
private static final int RESET_PERIOD_MILLISECONDS = 10;
private static final int POLL_PERIOD_MILLISECONDS = 10;
private I2CDevice device;
// Raw temperature data
private int temperatureFine;
// Look up tables for the possible gas range values
final long GAS_RANGE_LOOKUP_TABLE_1[] = { 2147483647L, 2147483647L, 2147483647L, 2147483647L, 2147483647L,
2126008810L, 2147483647L, 2130303777L, 2147483647L, 2147483647L, 2143188679L, 2136746228L, 2147483647L,
2126008810L, 2147483647L, 2147483647L };
final long GAS_RANGE_LOOKUP_TABLE_2[] = { 4096000000L, 2048000000L, 1024000000L, 512000000L, 255744255L, 127110228L,
64000000L, 32258064L, 16016016L, 8000000L, 4000000L, 2000000L, 1000000L, 500000L, 250000L, 125000L };
private static final int DATA_GAS_BURN_IN = 50;
private int chipId;
/* ! Ambient temperature in Degree C */
private int ambientTemperature;
/* ! Sensor calibration data */
private Calibration calibration;
/* ! Sensor settings */
private SensorSettings sensorSettings;
/* ! Gas Sensor settings */
private GasSettings gasSettings;
/* ! Sensor power modes */
private PowerMode powerMode;
private Data data;
private LinkedBlockingQueue gasResistanceData = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(DATA_GAS_BURN_IN);
private int offsetTemperature;
public BME680() {
this(I2CConstants.BUS_1, DEFAULT_I2C_ADDRESS);
}
/**
* Create a new BME680 sensor driver connected on the given bus.
*
* @param controller I2C bus the sensor is connected to.
*/
public BME680(final int controller) {
this(controller, DEFAULT_I2C_ADDRESS);
}
/**
* Create a new BME680 sensor driver connected on the given bus and address.
*
* @param controller I2C bus the sensor is connected to.
* @param address I2C address of the sensor.
*/
public BME680(final int controller, final int address) {
connect(new I2CDevice(controller, address));
}
/**
* Create a new BME680 sensor driver connected to the given I2c device.
*
* @param device I2C device of the sensor.
*/
/* package */ BME680(I2CDevice device) {
connect(device);
}
@Override
public float getTemperature() {
getSensorData();
return data.temperature;
}
@Override
public float getPressure() {
getSensorData();
return data.pressure;
}
@Override
public float getRelativeHumidity() {
getSensorData();
return data.humidity;
}
public float getGasResistance() {
getSensorData();
return data.gasResistance;
}
public float getAirQuality() {
getSensorData();
return data.airQualityScore;
}
private void connect(I2CDevice device) {
this.device = device;
calibration = new Calibration();
sensorSettings = new SensorSettings();
gasSettings = new GasSettings();
data = new Data();
for (int i = 0; i < DATA_GAS_BURN_IN; i++) {
gasResistanceData.add(Long.valueOf(0));
}
chipId = device.readByte(CHIP_ID_ADDRESS);
if (chipId != CHIP_ID_BME680) {
throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("%s %s not found.", CHIP_VENDOR, CHIP_NAME));
}
softReset();
setPowerMode(PowerMode.SLEEP);
getCalibrationData();
// It is highly recommended to set first osrs_h<2:0> followed by osrs_t<2:0> and
// osrs_p<2:0> in one write command (see Section 3.3).
setHumidityOversample(OversamplingMultiplier.X2); // 0x72
setTemperatureOversample(OversamplingMultiplier.X4); // 0x74
setPressureOversample(OversamplingMultiplier.X8); // 0x74
setFilter(FilterSize.SIZE_3);
//setHeaterEnabled(true);
setGasMeasurementEnabled(true);
setTemperatureOffset(0);
getSensorData();
}
/**
* Close the driver and the underlying device.
*/
@Override
public void close() {
if (device != null) {
try {
device.close();
} finally {
sensorSettings = null;
gasSettings = null;
device = null;
}
}
}
// Initiate a soft reset
private void softReset() {
device.writeByte(SOFT_RESET_ADDRESS, (byte) SOFT_RESET_COMMAND);
SleepUtil.sleepMillis(RESET_PERIOD_MILLISECONDS);
}
public void setSensorSettings(HeaterProfile heaterProfile, int heaterTemperature, int heaterDuration,
FilterSize filterSize) {
setGasConfig(heaterProfile, heaterTemperature, heaterDuration);
setPowerMode(PowerMode.SLEEP);
// Set the filter size
if (filterSize != null) {
setFilter(filterSize);
}
// Selecting heater control for the sensor
// Selecting heater T,P oversampling for the sensor
// Selecting humidity oversampling for the sensor
// Selecting the runGas and NB conversion settings for the sensor
}
// Get power mode
public PowerMode getPowerMode() {
powerMode = PowerMode.values()[device.readByte(CONFIG_T_P_MODE_ADDRESS) & MODE_MASK];
return powerMode;
}
// Set power mode
public void setPowerMode(final PowerMode value) {
setRegByte(CONFIG_T_P_MODE_ADDRESS, (byte) MODE_MASK, MODE_POSITION, value.ordinal());
powerMode = value;
// Wait for the power mode to switch to the requested value
while (getPowerMode() != value) {
SleepUtil.sleepMillis(POLL_PERIOD_MILLISECONDS);
}
}
// Get temperature oversampling
public OversamplingMultiplier getTemperatureOversample() {
return OversamplingMultiplier.values()[(device.readByte(CONFIG_T_P_MODE_ADDRESS)
& OVERSAMPLING_TEMPERATURE_MASK) >> OVERSAMPLING_TEMPERATURE_POSITION];
}
// Set temperature oversampling
// A higher oversampling value means more stable sensor readings, with less
// noise and jitter.
// However each step of oversampling adds about 2ms to the latency, causing a
// slower response time to fast transients.
public void setTemperatureOversample(OversamplingMultiplier value) {
setRegByte(CONFIG_T_P_MODE_ADDRESS, (byte) OVERSAMPLING_TEMPERATURE_MASK, OVERSAMPLING_TEMPERATURE_POSITION,
value.ordinal());
sensorSettings.oversamplingTemperature = value;
}
// Get humidity oversampling
public OversamplingMultiplier getHumidityOversample() {
return OversamplingMultiplier.values()[(device.readByte(CONFIG_OS_H_ADDRESS)
& OVERSAMPLING_HUMIDITY_MASK) >> OVERSAMPLING_HUMIDITY_POSITION];
}
// Set humidity oversampling
// A higher oversampling value means more stable sensor readings, with less
// noise and jitter.
// However each step of oversampling adds about 2ms to the latency, causing a
// slower response time to fast transients.
public void setHumidityOversample(final OversamplingMultiplier value) {
setRegByte(CONFIG_OS_H_ADDRESS, (byte) OVERSAMPLING_HUMIDITY_MASK, OVERSAMPLING_HUMIDITY_POSITION,
value.ordinal());
sensorSettings.oversamplingHumidity = value;
}
// Get pressure oversampling
public OversamplingMultiplier getPressureOversample() {
return OversamplingMultiplier.values()[(device.readByte(CONFIG_T_P_MODE_ADDRESS)
& OVERSAMPLING_PRESSURE_MASK) >> OVERSAMPLING_PRESSURE_POSITION];
}
// Set pressure oversampling
// A higher oversampling value means more stable sensor readings, with less
// noise and jitter.
// However each step of oversampling adds about 2ms to the latency,
// causing a slower response time to fast transients.
public void setPressureOversample(final OversamplingMultiplier value) {
setRegByte(CONFIG_T_P_MODE_ADDRESS, (byte) OVERSAMPLING_PRESSURE_MASK, OVERSAMPLING_PRESSURE_POSITION,
value.ordinal());
sensorSettings.oversamplingPressure = value;
}
// Get IIR filter size
public FilterSize getFilter() {
return FilterSize.values()[(device.readByte(CONFIG_ODR_FILTER_ADDRESS) & FILTER_MASK) >> FILTER_POSITION];
}
// Set IIR filter size
// Optionally remove short term fluctuations from the temperature and pressure
// readings,
// increasing their resolution but reducing their bandwidth.
// Enabling the IIR filter does not slow down the time a reading takes,
// but will slow down the BME680s response to changes in temperature and
// pressure.
// When the IIR filter is enabled, the temperature and pressure resolution is
// effectively 20bit.
// When it is disabled, it is 16bit + oversampling-1 bits.
public void setFilter(final FilterSize value) {
setRegByte(CONFIG_ODR_FILTER_ADDRESS, (byte) FILTER_MASK, FILTER_POSITION, value.ordinal());
sensorSettings.filter = value;
}
// Set temperature and duration of gas sensor heater
// Target heater profile, between 0 and 9
// Target temperature in degrees celsius, between 200 and 400
// Target duration in milliseconds, between 1 and 4032
public void setGasConfig(final HeaterProfile profile, final int heaterTemperature, final int heaterDuration) {
if (powerMode == PowerMode.FORCED) {
// Select the heater profile
setGasHeaterProfile(profile);
/* ! The index of the heater profile used */
// uint8_t gas_index;
device.writeByte(RESISTANCE_HEAT0_ADDRESS + profile.ordinal(),
(byte) calculateHeaterResistance(heaterTemperature, ambientTemperature, calibration));
// uint16_t heatr_dur;
device.writeByte(GAS_WAIT0_ADDRESS + profile.ordinal(), (byte) calculateGasHeaterDuration(heaterDuration));
// Bosch code only uses profile 0
// dev->gas_sett.nb_conv = 0;
}
}
// Get gas sensor conversion profile: 0 to 9
public HeaterProfile getGasHeaterProfile() {
return HeaterProfile.values()[device.readByte(CONFIG_ODR_RUN_GAS_NBC_ADDRESS) & NBCONVERSION_MASK];
}
// Set current gas sensor conversion profile: 0 to 9. Select one of the 10
// configured heating durations/set points.
private void setGasHeaterProfile(final HeaterProfile heaterProfile) {
setRegByte(CONFIG_ODR_RUN_GAS_NBC_ADDRESS, (byte) NBCONVERSION_MASK, NBCONVERSION_POSITION,
heaterProfile.ordinal());
gasSettings.heaterProfile = heaterProfile;
}
public boolean isHeaterEnabled() {
return ((device.readByte(CONFIG_HEATER_CONTROL_ADDRESS) & HEATER_CONTROL_MASK) >> HEATER_CONTROL_POSITION) == 1
? false
: true;
}
public void setHeaterEnabled(boolean heaterEnabled) {
// Turn off current injected to heater by setting bit to one
setRegByte(CONFIG_HEATER_CONTROL_ADDRESS, (byte) HEATER_CONTROL_MASK, HEATER_CONTROL_POSITION,
heaterEnabled ? 0 : 1);
gasSettings.heaterEnabled = heaterEnabled;
}
// Get the current gas status
public boolean isGasMeasurementEnabled() {
return ((device.readByte(CONFIG_ODR_RUN_GAS_NBC_ADDRESS) & RUN_GAS_MASK) >> RUN_GAS_POSITION) == 1 ? true
: false;
}
// Enable/disable gas sensor
public void setGasMeasurementEnabled(final boolean gasMeasurementsEnabled) {
// The gas conversions are started only in appropriate mode if run_gas = '1'
setRegByte(CONFIG_ODR_RUN_GAS_NBC_ADDRESS, (byte) RUN_GAS_MASK, RUN_GAS_POSITION,
gasMeasurementsEnabled ? 1 : 0);
gasSettings.gasMeasurementsEnabled = gasMeasurementsEnabled;
}
/**
* Set temperature offset in celsius. If set, the temperature t_fine will be
* increased by given value in celsius.
*
* @param value temperature offset in Celsius, eg. 4, -8, 1.25
*/
public void setTemperatureOffset(final int value) {
if (value == 0) {
offsetTemperature = 0;
} else {
// self.offset_temp_in_t_fine = int(math.copysign((((int(abs(value) * 100)) <<
// 8) - 128) / 5, value))
offsetTemperature = (int) (Math.copySign(((Math.abs(value) * 100 << 8) - 128) / 5, value));
}
}
/*
* This internal API is used to calculate the Heat duration value.
*/
private static int calculateGasHeaterDuration(int duration) {
int factor = 0;
int durval;
if (duration >= 0xfc0) {
durval = 0xff; /* Max duration */
} else {
while (duration > 0x3F) {
duration = duration / 4;
factor += 1;
}
durval = duration + (factor * 64);
}
return durval;
}
/*
* This API is used to set the profile duration of the sensor.
*/
private void setProfileDuration(int duration) {
int cycles = sensorSettings.oversamplingTemperature.getCycles();
cycles += sensorSettings.oversamplingPressure.getCycles();
cycles += sensorSettings.oversamplingHumidity.getCycles();
/// TPH measurement duration calculated in microseconds [us]
int tph_duration = cycles * 1963;
tph_duration += (477 * 4); // TPH switching duration
tph_duration += (477 * 5); // Gas measurement duration
tph_duration += 500; // Get it to the closest whole number
tph_duration /= 1000; // Convert to milisecond [ms]
tph_duration += 1; // Wake up duration of 1ms
// The remaining time should be used for heating
gasSettings.heaterDuration = duration - tph_duration;
}
private int getProfileDuration() {
int cycles = sensorSettings.oversamplingTemperature.getCycles();
cycles += sensorSettings.oversamplingPressure.getCycles();
cycles += sensorSettings.oversamplingHumidity.getCycles();
/// Temperature, pressure and humidity measurement duration calculated in
/// microseconds [us]
int duration = cycles * 1963;
duration += (477 * 4); // Temperature, pressure and humidity switching duration
duration += (477 * 5); // Gas measurement duration
duration += 500; // Get it to the closest whole number
duration /= 1000; // Convert to milisecond [ms]
duration += 1; // Wake up duration of 1ms
// Get the gas duration only when gas measurements are enabled
if (gasSettings.gasMeasurementsEnabled) {
// The remaining time should be used for heating */
duration += gasSettings.heaterDuration;
}
return duration;
}
private void getCalibrationData() {
// Read the raw calibration data
final byte[] calibration_data = readCalibrationData();
/* Temperature related coefficients */
calibration.temperature[0] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[T1_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[T1_LSB_REGISTER],
false);
calibration.temperature[1] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[T2_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[T2_LSB_REGISTER],
true);
calibration.temperature[2] = calibration_data[T3_REGISTER];
/* Pressure related coefficients */
calibration.pressure[0] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[P1_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[P1_LSB_REGISTER],
false);
calibration.pressure[1] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[P2_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[P2_LSB_REGISTER],
true);
calibration.pressure[2] = calibration_data[P3_REGISTER];
calibration.pressure[3] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[P4_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[P4_LSB_REGISTER],
true);
calibration.pressure[4] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[P5_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[P5_LSB_REGISTER],
true);
calibration.pressure[5] = calibration_data[P6_REGISTER];
calibration.pressure[6] = calibration_data[P7_REGISTER];
calibration.pressure[7] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[P8_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[P8_LSB_REGISTER],
true);
calibration.pressure[8] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[P9_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[P9_LSB_REGISTER],
true);
calibration.pressure[9] = calibration_data[P10_REGISTER] & 0xFF;
/* Humidity related coefficients */
calibration.humidity[0] = (((calibration_data[H1_MSB_REGISTER] & 0xff) << HUMIDITY_REGISTER_SHIFT_VALUE)
| (calibration_data[H1_LSB_REGISTER] & BIT_H1_DATA_MASK)) & 0xffff;
calibration.humidity[1] = (((calibration_data[H2_MSB_REGISTER] & 0xff) << HUMIDITY_REGISTER_SHIFT_VALUE)
| ((calibration_data[H2_LSB_REGISTER] & 0xff) >> HUMIDITY_REGISTER_SHIFT_VALUE)) & 0xffff;
calibration.humidity[2] = calibration_data[H3_REGISTER];
calibration.humidity[3] = calibration_data[H4_REGISTER];
calibration.humidity[4] = calibration_data[H5_REGISTER];
calibration.humidity[5] = calibration_data[H6_REGISTER] & 0xFF;
calibration.humidity[6] = calibration_data[H7_REGISTER];
// Gas heater related coefficients
calibration.gasHeater[0] = calibration_data[GH1_REGISTER];
calibration.gasHeater[1] = bytesToWord(calibration_data[GH2_MSB_REGISTER], calibration_data[GH2_LSB_REGISTER],
true);
calibration.gasHeater[2] = calibration_data[GH3_REGISTER];
/* Other coefficients */
// Read other heater calibration data
// res_heat_range is the heater range stored in register address 0x02 <5:4>
calibration.resistanceHeaterRange = (device.readByte(RESISTANCE_HEAT_RANGE_ADDRESS)
& RESISTANCE_HEAT_RANGE_MASK) >> 4;
// res_heat_val is the heater resistance correction factor stored in register
// address 0x00
// (signed, value from -128 to 127)
calibration.resistanceHeaterValue = device.readByte(RESISTANCE_HEAT_VALUE_ADDRESS);
// Range switching error from register address 0x04 <7:4> (signed 4 bit)
calibration.rangeSwitchingError = (device.readByte(RANGE_SWITCHING_ERROR_ADDRESS)
& RANGE_SWITCHING_ERROR_MASK) >> 4;
}
// Read calibration array
private byte[] readCalibrationData() {
final byte[] part1 = device.readBytes(COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS1, COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS1_LEN);
final byte[] part2 = device.readBytes(COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS2, COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS2_LEN);
final byte[] calibration_data = new byte[COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS1_LEN + COEFFICIENT_ADDRESS2_LEN];
System.arraycopy(part1, 0, calibration_data, 0, part1.length);
System.arraycopy(part2, 0, calibration_data, part1.length, part2.length);
return calibration_data;
}
// Get sensor data
public Data getSensorData() {
setPowerMode(PowerMode.FORCED);
int tries = 10;
do {
final byte[] buffer = device.readBytes(FIELD0_ADDRESS, FIELD_LENGTH);
// Set to 1 during measurements, goes to 0 when measurements are completed
boolean new_data = (buffer[0] & NEW_DATA_MASK) == 0 ? true : false;
if (new_data) {
data.newData = new_data;
data.gasMeasurementIndex = buffer[0] & GAS_INDEX_MASK;
data.measureIndex = buffer[1];
// Read the raw data from the sensor
final int adc_pres = ((buffer[2] & 0xff) << 12) | ((buffer[3] & 0xff) << 4) | ((buffer[4] & 0xff) >> 4);
final int adc_temp = ((buffer[5] & 0xff) << 12) | ((buffer[6] & 0xff) << 4) | ((buffer[7] & 0xff) >> 4);
final int adc_hum = (buffer[8] << 8) | (buffer[9] & 0xff);
final int adc_gas_resistance = ((buffer[13] & 0xff) << 2) | ((buffer[14] & 0xff) >> 6);
final int gas_range = buffer[14] & GAS_RANGE_MASK;
data.gasMeasurementValid = (buffer[14] & GASM_VALID_MASK) > 0;
data.heaterTempStable = (buffer[14] & HEAT_STABLE_MASK) > 0;
int temperature = calculateTemperature(adc_temp);
data.temperature = temperature / 100.0f;
// Save for heater calculations
ambientTemperature = temperature;
data.pressure = calculatePressure(adc_pres) / 100.0f;
data.humidity = calculateHumidity(adc_hum) / 1000.0f;
data.gasResistance = calculateGasResistance(adc_gas_resistance, gas_range);
data.airQualityScore = calculateAirQuality(adc_gas_resistance, data.humidity);
break;
}
/* Delay to poll the data */
SleepUtil.sleepMillis(POLL_PERIOD_MILLISECONDS);
} while (--tries > 0);
return data;
}
private int calculateTemperature(final int temperatureAdc) {
// Convert the raw temperature to degrees C using calibration_data.
int var1 = (temperatureAdc >> 3) - (calibration.temperature[0] << 1);
int var2 = (var1 * calibration.temperature[1]) >> 11;
int var3 = ((var1 >> 1) * (var1 >> 1)) >> 12;
var3 = (var3 * (calibration.temperature[2] << 4)) >> 14;
// Save temperature data for pressure calculations
temperatureFine = (var2 + var3) + offsetTemperature;
return ((temperatureFine * 5) + 128) >> 8;
}
private int calculatePressure(final int pressureAdc) {
// Convert the raw pressure using calibration data.
int var1 = (temperatureFine >> 1) - 64000;
int var2 = ((((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2)) >> 11) * calibration.pressure[5]) >> 2;
var2 = var2 + ((var1 * calibration.pressure[4]) << 1);
var2 = (var2 >> 2) + (calibration.pressure[3] << 16);
var1 = (((((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2)) >> 13) * (calibration.pressure[2] << 5)) >> 3)
+ ((calibration.pressure[1] * var1) >> 1);
var1 = var1 >> 18;
var1 = ((32768 + var1) * calibration.pressure[0]) >> 15;
int calculated_pressure = 1048576 - pressureAdc;
calculated_pressure = (calculated_pressure - (var2 >> 12)) * 3125;
if (calculated_pressure >= MAX_OVERFLOW_VAL) {
calculated_pressure = ((calculated_pressure / var1) << 1);
} else {
calculated_pressure = ((calculated_pressure << 1) / var1);
}
var1 = (calibration.pressure[8] * (((calculated_pressure >> 3) * (calculated_pressure >> 3)) >> 13)) >> 12;
var2 = ((calculated_pressure >> 2) * calibration.pressure[7]) >> 13;
int var3 = ((calculated_pressure >> 8) * (calculated_pressure >> 8) * (calculated_pressure >> 8)
* calibration.pressure[9]) >> 17;
calculated_pressure = calculated_pressure + ((var1 + var2 + var3 + (calibration.pressure[6] << 7)) >> 4);
return calculated_pressure;
}
private long calculateHumidity(final int humidityAdc) {
int temp_scaled = ((temperatureFine * 5) + 128) >> 8;
int var1 = humidityAdc - (calibration.humidity[0] * 16)
- (((temp_scaled * calibration.humidity[2]) / 100) >> 1);
int var2 = (calibration.humidity[1] * (((temp_scaled * calibration.humidity[3]) / 100)
+ (((temp_scaled * ((temp_scaled * calibration.humidity[4]) / 100)) >> 6) / 100) + (1 << 14))) >> 10;
long var3 = var1 * (long) var2;
int var4 = calibration.humidity[5] << 7;
var4 = (var4 + ((temp_scaled * calibration.humidity[6]) / 100)) >> 4;
long var5 = ((var3 >> 14) * (var3 >> 14)) >> 10;
long var6 = (var4 * var5) >> 1;
int calc_hum = (int) ((((var3 + var6) >> 10) * 1000) >> 12);
// Cap at 100%rH
return Math.min(Math.max(calc_hum, 0), 100000);
}
private int calculateGasResistance(final int gasResistanceAdc, final int gasRange) {
final long var1 = (1340 + (5L * calibration.rangeSwitchingError)) * GAS_RANGE_LOOKUP_TABLE_1[gasRange] >> 16;
final long var2 = (((((long) gasResistanceAdc) << 15) - 16777216L) + var1);
final long var3 = ((GAS_RANGE_LOOKUP_TABLE_2[gasRange] * var1) >> 9);
return (int) ((var3 + (var2 >> 1)) / var2);
}
private float calculateAirQuality(final long gasResistance, final float humidity) {
// Set the humidity baseline to 40%, an optimal indoor humidity.
final float humidityBaseline = 40.0f;
// This sets the balance between humidity and gas reading in the calculation of
// airQualityScore (25:75, humidity:gas)
final float humidityWeighting = 0.25f;
try {
gasResistanceData.take();
gasResistanceData.put(Long.valueOf(gasResistance));
// Collect gas resistance burn-in values, then use the average of the last n
// values to set the upper limit for calculating gasBaseline.
final int gasBaseline = Math.round(sumQueueValues(gasResistanceData) / (float) DATA_GAS_BURN_IN);
final long gasOffset = gasBaseline - gasResistance;
final float humidityOffset = humidity - humidityBaseline;
// Calculate humidityScore as the distance from the humidityBaseline
final float humidityScore;
if (humidityOffset > 0) {
humidityScore = (100.0f - humidityBaseline - humidityOffset) / (100.0f - humidityBaseline)
* (humidityWeighting * 100.0f);
} else {
humidityScore = (humidityBaseline + humidityOffset) / humidityBaseline * (humidityWeighting * 100.0f);
}
// Calculate gasScore as the distance from the gasBaseline
final float gasScore;
if (gasOffset > 0) {
gasScore = (gasResistance / gasBaseline) * (100.0f - (humidityWeighting * 100.0f));
} else {
gasScore = 100.0f - (humidityWeighting * 100.0f);
}
return humidityScore + gasScore;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Logger.error(e, "Error: {}", e.getMessage());
return data.airQualityScore;
}
}
private static int calculateHeaterResistance(final int temperature, int ambientTemperature,
Calibration calibration) {
/* Cap temperature */
final int normalised_temperature = Math.min(Math.max(temperature, 200), 400);
final int var1 = ((ambientTemperature * calibration.gasHeater[2]) / 1000) * 256;
final int var2 = (calibration.gasHeater[0] + 784)
* (((((calibration.gasHeater[1] + 154009) * normalised_temperature * 5) / 100) + 3276800) / 10);
final int var3 = var1 + (var2 / 2);
final int var4 = (var3 / (calibration.resistanceHeaterRange + 4));
final int var5 = (131 * calibration.resistanceHeaterValue) + 65536;
final int heater_res_x100 = ((var4 / var5) - 250) * 34;
return (heater_res_x100 + 50) / 100;
}
private void setRegByte(final int address, final byte mask, final int position, final int value) {
final byte oldData = device.readByte(address);
byte newData;
if (position == 0) {
newData = (byte) ((oldData & ~mask) | (value & mask));
} else {
newData = (byte) ((oldData & ~mask) | ((value << position) & mask));
}
device.writeByte(address, newData);
}
private static int bytesToWord(final int msb, final int lsb, final boolean isSigned) {
if (isSigned) {
return (msb << 8) | (lsb & 0xff); // keep the sign of msb but not of lsb
}
return ((msb & 0xff) << 8) | (lsb & 0xff);
}
private static long sumQueueValues(final LinkedBlockingQueue queue) {
long sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < queue.size(); i++) {
final Long n = queue.remove();
sum += n.longValue();
queue.add(n);
}
return sum;
}
public static class Calibration {
final int[] temperature = new int[3];
final int[] pressure = new int[10];
final int[] humidity = new int[7];
final int[] gasHeater = new int[3];
// Heater resistance range
private int resistanceHeaterRange;
// Heater resistance value
private int resistanceHeaterValue;
// Switching error range
private int rangeSwitchingError;
}
public static class GasSettings {
// Variable to store nb conversion
// nb_conv is used to select heater set-points of the sensor. Values 0-9
HeaterProfile heaterProfile;
// Variable to store heater control
boolean heaterEnabled;
// Run gas enable value
boolean gasMeasurementsEnabled;
// Store duration profile
int heaterDuration;
}
public static class SensorSettings {
// Humidity oversampling
OversamplingMultiplier oversamplingHumidity = OversamplingMultiplier.NONE;
// Temperature oversampling
OversamplingMultiplier oversamplingTemperature = OversamplingMultiplier.NONE;
// Pressure oversampling
OversamplingMultiplier oversamplingPressure = OversamplingMultiplier.NONE;
// Filter coefficient
FilterSize filter = FilterSize.NONE;
}
public static class Data {
// Contains new_data, gasm_valid & heat_stab
private boolean newData;
private boolean heaterTempStable;
private boolean gasMeasurementValid;
// The index of the heater profile used
private int gasMeasurementIndex = -1;
// Measurement index to track order
private byte measureIndex = -1;
// Temperature in degree celsius x100
private float temperature;
// Pressure in Pascal
private float pressure;
// Humidity in % relative humidity x1000
private float humidity;
// Gas resistance in Ohms
private int gasResistance = 0;
// Indoor air quality score index
private float airQualityScore = 0.0f;
public boolean isNewData() {
return newData;
}
public boolean isHeaterTempStable() {
return heaterTempStable;
}
public boolean isGasMeasurementValid() {
return gasMeasurementValid;
}
public int getGasMeasurementIndex() {
return gasMeasurementIndex;
}
public byte getMeasureIndex() {
return measureIndex;
}
public float getTemperature() {
return temperature;
}
public float getPressure() {
return pressure;
}
public float getHumidity() {
return humidity;
}
public int getGasResistance() {
return gasResistance;
}
public float getAirQualityScore() {
return airQualityScore;
}
}
}
