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/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
/*
* This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
* License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
* file:
*
* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
*/
package java.util.concurrent;
/**
* An object that executes submitted {@link Runnable} tasks. This
* interface provides a way of decoupling task submission from the
* mechanics of how each task will be run, including details of thread
* use, scheduling, etc. An Executor is normally used
* instead of explicitly creating threads. For example, rather than
* invoking new Thread(new(RunnableTask())).start() for each
* of a set of tasks, you might use:
*
*
* Executor executor = anExecutor;
* executor.execute(new RunnableTask1());
* executor.execute(new RunnableTask2());
* ...
*
*
* However, the Executor interface does not strictly
* require that execution be asynchronous. In the simplest case, an
* executor can run the submitted task immediately in the caller's
* thread:
*
*
* class DirectExecutor implements Executor {
* public void execute(Runnable r) {
* r.run();
* }
* }
*
* More typically, tasks are executed in some thread other
* than the caller's thread. The executor below spawns a new thread
* for each task.
*
*
* class ThreadPerTaskExecutor implements Executor {
* public void execute(Runnable r) {
* new Thread(r).start();
* }
* }
*
* Many Executor implementations impose some sort of
* limitation on how and when tasks are scheduled. The executor below
* serializes the submission of tasks to a second executor,
* illustrating a composite executor.
*
* {@code
* class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
* final Queue tasks = new ArrayDeque();
* final Executor executor;
* Runnable active;
*
* SerialExecutor(Executor executor) {
* this.executor = executor;
* }
*
* public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
* tasks.offer(new Runnable() {
* public void run() {
* try {
* r.run();
* } finally {
* scheduleNext();
* }
* }
* });
* if (active == null) {
* scheduleNext();
* }
* }
*
* protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
* if ((active = tasks.poll()) != null) {
* executor.execute(active);
* }
* }
* }}
*
* The Executor implementations provided in this package
* implement {@link ExecutorService}, which is a more extensive
* interface. The {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} class provides an
* extensible thread pool implementation. The {@link Executors} class
* provides convenient factory methods for these Executors.
*
* Memory consistency effects: Actions in a thread prior to
* submitting a {@code Runnable} object to an {@code Executor}
* happen-before
* its execution begins, perhaps in another thread.
*
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
*/
public interface Executor
{
/**
* Executes the given command at some time in the future. The command
* may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, or in the calling
* thread, at the discretion of the Executor implementation.
*
* @param command the runnable task
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if this task cannot be
* accepted for execution.
* @throws NullPointerException if command is null
*/
void execute(Runnable command);
}