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//========================================================================
//Copyright 2007-2011 David Yu [email protected]
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//You may obtain a copy of the License at 
//http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//limitations under the License.
//========================================================================

package com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime;

import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.BIGDECIMAL;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.BIGINTEGER;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.BOOL;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.BYTE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.BYTES;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.BYTE_ARRAY;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.CHAR;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.DATE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.DOUBLE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.FLOAT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_ARRAY;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_ARRAY_MAPPED;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_BIGDECIMAL;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_BIGINTEGER;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_BOOL;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_BYTE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_BYTES;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_BYTE_ARRAY;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_CHAR;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_CLASS;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_CLASS_ARRAY;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_CLASS_ARRAY_MAPPED;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_CLASS_MAPPED;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_COLLECTION;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_DATE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_DELEGATE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_DOUBLE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_ENUM;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_ENUM_MAP;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_ENUM_SET;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_FLOAT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_INT32;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_INT64;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_MAP;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_OBJECT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_POJO;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_POLYMORPHIC_MAP;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_SHORT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_STRING;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.ID_THROWABLE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.INT32;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.INT64;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.SHORT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STRING;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_ARRAY;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_ARRAY_MAPPED;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_BIGDECIMAL;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_BIGINTEGER;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_BOOL;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_BYTE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_BYTES;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_BYTE_ARRAY;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_CHAR;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_CLASS;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_CLASS_ARRAY;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_CLASS_ARRAY_MAPPED;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_CLASS_MAPPED;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_COLLECTION;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_DATE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_DELEGATE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_DOUBLE;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_ENUM;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_ENUM_MAP;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_ENUM_SET;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_FLOAT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_INT32;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_INT64;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_MAP;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_OBJECT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_POJO;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_POLYMOPRHIC_MAP;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_SHORT;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_STRING;
import static com.dyuproject.protostuff.runtime.RuntimeFieldFactory.STR_THROWABLE;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

import com.dyuproject.protostuff.GraphInput;
import com.dyuproject.protostuff.Input;
import com.dyuproject.protostuff.Message;
import com.dyuproject.protostuff.Output;
import com.dyuproject.protostuff.Pipe;
import com.dyuproject.protostuff.ProtostuffException;
import com.dyuproject.protostuff.Schema;
import com.dyuproject.protostuff.StatefulOutput;

/**
 * A schema for dynamic types (fields where the type is {@link Object}).
 *
 * @author David Yu
 * @created Feb 1, 2011
 */
public abstract class ObjectSchema extends PolymorphicSchema
{
    
    static final int ID_ENUM_VALUE = 1;
    static final int ID_ARRAY_LEN = 3;
    static final int ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION = 2;
    
    static String name(int number)
    {
        switch(number)
        {
            case ID_POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION:
                return STR_POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION;
            case ID_POLYMORPHIC_MAP:
                return STR_POLYMOPRHIC_MAP;
            case ID_DELEGATE:
                return STR_DELEGATE;
            case ID_THROWABLE:
                return STR_THROWABLE;
            case ID_BOOL:
                return STR_BOOL;
            case ID_BYTE:
                return STR_BYTE;
            case ID_CHAR:
                return STR_CHAR;
            case ID_SHORT:
                return STR_SHORT;
            case ID_INT32:
                return STR_INT32;
            case ID_INT64:
                return STR_INT64;
            case ID_FLOAT:
                return STR_FLOAT;
            case ID_DOUBLE:
                return STR_DOUBLE;
            case ID_STRING:
                return STR_STRING;
            case ID_BYTES:
                return STR_BYTES;
            case ID_BYTE_ARRAY:
                return STR_BYTE_ARRAY;
            case ID_BIGDECIMAL:
                return STR_BIGDECIMAL;
            case ID_BIGINTEGER:
                return STR_BIGINTEGER;
            case ID_DATE:
                return STR_DATE;
            case ID_ARRAY:
                return STR_ARRAY;
            case ID_OBJECT:
                return STR_OBJECT;
            case ID_ARRAY_MAPPED:
                return STR_ARRAY_MAPPED;
            case ID_CLASS:
                return STR_CLASS;
            case ID_CLASS_MAPPED:
                return STR_CLASS_MAPPED;
            case ID_CLASS_ARRAY:
                return STR_CLASS_ARRAY;
            case ID_CLASS_ARRAY_MAPPED:
                return STR_CLASS_ARRAY_MAPPED;
                
            case ID_ENUM_SET:
                return STR_ENUM_SET;
            case ID_ENUM_MAP:
                return STR_ENUM_MAP;
            case ID_ENUM:
                return STR_ENUM;
            case ID_COLLECTION:
                return STR_COLLECTION;
            case ID_MAP:
                return STR_MAP;
            case ID_POJO:
                return STR_POJO;
            default:
                return null;
        }
    }
    
    static int number(String name)
    {
        if(name.length() != 1)
            return 0;
        
        switch(name.charAt(0))
        {
            case 'B': 
                return 28;
            case 'C':
                return 29;
            case 'D':
                return 30;
            case 'Z':
                return 52;
            case '_':
                return 127;
            case 'a':
                return 1;
            case 'b':
                return 2;
            case 'c':
                return 3;
            case 'd':
                return 4;
            case 'e':
                return 5;
            case 'f':
                return 6;
            case 'g':
                return 7;
            case 'h':
                return 8;
            case 'i':
                return 9;
            case 'j':
                return 10;
            case 'k':
                return 11;
            case 'l':
                return 12;
            case 'm':
                return 13;
            case 'n':
                return 14;
            case 'o':
                return 15;
            case 'p':
                return 16;
            case 'q':
                return 17;
            case 'r':
                return 18;
            case 's':
                return 19;
            case 't':
                return 20;
            case 'u':
                return 21;
                
            case 'v':
                return 22;
            case 'w':
                return 23;
            case 'x':
                return 24;
            case 'y':
                return 25;
            case 'z':
                return 26;
            default:
                return 0;
        }
    }
    
    protected final Pipe.Schema pipeSchema = new Pipe.Schema(this)
    {
        protected void transfer(Pipe pipe, Input input, Output output) throws IOException
        {
            transferObject(this, pipe, input, output, strategy);
        }
    };
    
    public ObjectSchema(IdStrategy strategy)
    {
        super(strategy);
    }
    
    public Pipe.Schema getPipeSchema()
    {
        return pipeSchema;
    }

    public String getFieldName(int number)
    {
        return name(number);
    }

    public int getFieldNumber(String name)
    {
        return number(name);
    }

    public String messageFullName()
    {
        return Object.class.getName();
    }

    public String messageName()
    {
        return Object.class.getSimpleName();
    }

    public void mergeFrom(Input input, Object owner) throws IOException
    {
        setValue(readObjectFrom(input, this, owner, strategy), owner);
    }

    public void writeTo(Output output, Object value) throws IOException
    {
        writeObjectTo(output, value, this, strategy);
    }
    
    static ArrayWrapper newArrayWrapper(Input input, Schema schema, 
            boolean mapped, IdStrategy strategy) throws IOException
    {
        final Class componentType = strategy.resolveArrayComponentTypeFrom(
                input, mapped);
        
        if(input.readFieldNumber(schema) != ID_ARRAY_LEN)
            throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
        final int len = input.readUInt32();
        
        if(input.readFieldNumber(schema) != ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION)
            throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
        final int dimensions = input.readUInt32();
        
        if(dimensions == 1)
            return new ArrayWrapper(Array.newInstance(componentType, len));
        
        final int[] arg = new int[dimensions];
        arg[0] = len;
        return new ArrayWrapper(Array.newInstance(componentType, arg));
    }
    
    static void transferArray(Pipe pipe, Input input, Output output, int number, 
            Pipe.Schema pipeSchema, boolean mapped, IdStrategy strategy) throws IOException
    {
        strategy.transferArrayId(input, output, number, mapped);
        
        if(input.readFieldNumber(pipeSchema.wrappedSchema) != ID_ARRAY_LEN)
            throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
        
        output.writeUInt32(ID_ARRAY_LEN, input.readUInt32(), false);
        
        if(input.readFieldNumber(pipeSchema.wrappedSchema) != ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION)
            throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
        
        output.writeUInt32(ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION, input.readUInt32(), false);
        
        if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
        {
            // update using the derived schema.
            ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.ARRAY_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipeSchema);
        }
        
        Pipe.transferDirect(strategy.ARRAY_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipe, input, output);
    }
    
    static void transferClass(Pipe pipe, Input input, Output output, int number, 
            Pipe.Schema pipeSchema, boolean mapped, boolean array, 
            IdStrategy strategy) throws IOException
    {
        strategy.transferClassId(input, output, number, mapped, array);
        
        if(array)
        {
            if(input.readFieldNumber(pipeSchema.wrappedSchema) != ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION)
                throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
            
            output.writeUInt32(ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION, input.readUInt32(), false);
        }
    }
    
    static Class getArrayClass(Input input, Schema schema, 
            final Class componentType) throws IOException
    {
        if(input.readFieldNumber(schema) != ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION)
            throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
        final int dimensions = input.readUInt32();
        
        // TODO is there another way (reflection) to obtain an array class? 
        
        if(dimensions == 1)
            return Array.newInstance(componentType, 0).getClass();
        
        final int[] arg = new int[dimensions];
        arg[0] = 0;
        return Array.newInstance(componentType, arg).getClass();
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    static Object readObjectFrom(final Input input, final Schema schema, 
            Object owner, IdStrategy strategy) throws IOException
    {
        Object value = null;
        final int number = input.readFieldNumber(schema);
        switch(number)
        {
            case ID_BOOL:
                value = BOOL.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_BYTE:
                value = BYTE.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_CHAR:
                value = CHAR.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_SHORT:
                value = SHORT.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_INT32:
                value = INT32.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_INT64:
                value = INT64.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_FLOAT:
                value = FLOAT.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_DOUBLE:
                value = DOUBLE.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_STRING:
                value = STRING.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_BYTES:
                value = BYTES.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_BYTE_ARRAY:
                value = BYTE_ARRAY.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_BIGDECIMAL:
                value = BIGDECIMAL.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_BIGINTEGER:
                value = BIGINTEGER.readFrom(input);
                break;
            case ID_DATE:
                value = DATE.readFrom(input);
                break;
                
            case ID_ARRAY:
            {
                final ArrayWrapper arrayWrapper = newArrayWrapper(input, schema, false, 
                        strategy);
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(arrayWrapper.array, owner);
                }
                
                strategy.COLLECTION_SCHEMA.mergeFrom(input, arrayWrapper);
                
                return arrayWrapper.array;
            }   
            case ID_OBJECT:
                if(input.readUInt32() != 0)
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                
                value = new Object();
                
                break;
                
            case ID_ARRAY_MAPPED:
            {
                final ArrayWrapper mArrayWrapper = newArrayWrapper(input, schema, true, 
                        strategy);
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(mArrayWrapper.array, owner);
                }
                
                strategy.COLLECTION_SCHEMA.mergeFrom(input, mArrayWrapper);
                
                return mArrayWrapper.array;
            }   
            case ID_CLASS:
                value = strategy.resolveClassFrom(input, false, false);
                break;
            case ID_CLASS_MAPPED:
                value = strategy.resolveClassFrom(input, true, false);
                break;
            case ID_CLASS_ARRAY:
                value = getArrayClass(input, schema, 
                        strategy.resolveClassFrom(input, false, true));
                break;
            case ID_CLASS_ARRAY_MAPPED:
                value = getArrayClass(input, schema, 
                        strategy.resolveClassFrom(input, true, true));
                break;
                
            case ID_ENUM:
            {
                final EnumIO eio = strategy.resolveEnumFrom(input);
                
                if(input.readFieldNumber(schema) != ID_ENUM_VALUE)
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                
                value = eio.readFrom(input);
                break;
            }   
            case ID_ENUM_SET:
            {
                final Collection es = strategy.resolveEnumFrom(input).newEnumSet();
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(es, owner);
                }
                
                strategy.COLLECTION_SCHEMA.mergeFrom(input, (Collection)es);
                
                return es;
            }   
            case ID_ENUM_MAP:
            {
                final Map em = strategy.resolveEnumFrom(input).newEnumMap();
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(em, owner);
                }
                
                strategy.MAP_SCHEMA.mergeFrom(input, (Map)em);
                
                return em;
            }   
            case ID_COLLECTION:
            {
                final Collection collection = strategy.resolveCollectionFrom(
                        input).newMessage();
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(collection, owner);
                }
                
                strategy.COLLECTION_SCHEMA.mergeFrom(input, collection);
                
                return collection;
            }   
            case ID_MAP:
            {
                final Map map = 
                    strategy.resolveMapFrom(input).newMessage();
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(map, owner);
                }
                
                strategy.MAP_SCHEMA.mergeFrom(input, map);
                
                return map;
            }
            case ID_POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION:
            {
                if(0 != input.readUInt32())
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                
                final Object collection = PolymorphicCollectionSchema.readObjectFrom(input, 
                        strategy.POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION_SCHEMA, owner, strategy);
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(collection, owner);
                }
                
                return collection;
            }
            case ID_POLYMORPHIC_MAP:
            {
                if(0 != input.readUInt32())
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                
                final Object map = PolymorphicMapSchema.readObjectFrom(input, 
                        strategy.POLYMORPHIC_MAP_SCHEMA, owner, strategy);
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(map, owner);
                }
                
                return map;
            }
            case ID_DELEGATE:
            {
                final Delegate delegate = strategy.resolveDelegateFrom(input);
                if(1 != input.readFieldNumber(schema))
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                
                value = delegate.readFrom(input);
                break;
            }
            case ID_THROWABLE:
                return PolymorphicThrowableSchema.readObjectFrom(input, schema, owner, 
                        strategy, number);
            case ID_POJO:
            {
                final Schema derivedSchema = strategy.resolvePojoFrom(
                        input, number).getSchema();
                
                final Object pojo = derivedSchema.newMessage();
                
                if(input instanceof GraphInput)
                {
                    // update the actual reference.
                    ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(pojo, owner);
                }
                
                derivedSchema.mergeFrom(input, pojo);
                return pojo;
            }   
            default:
                throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.  Unknown field number: " + number);
        }
        
        if(input instanceof GraphInput)
        {
            // update the actual reference.
            ((GraphInput)input).updateLast(value, owner);
        }
        
        if(input.readFieldNumber(schema) != 0)
            throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
        
        return value;
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    static void writeObjectTo(Output output, Object value,
            Schema currentSchema, IdStrategy strategy) throws IOException
    {
        final Class clazz = (Class)value.getClass();
        
        final Delegate delegate = strategy.tryWriteDelegateIdTo(output, 
                ID_DELEGATE, clazz);
        
        if(delegate != null)
        {
            delegate.writeTo(output, 1, value, false);
            return;
        }
        
        final RuntimeFieldFactory inline = RuntimeFieldFactory.getInline(clazz);
        if(inline != null)
        {
            // scalar value
            inline.writeTo(output, inline.id, value, false);
            return;
        }
        
        if(Message.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz))
        {
            final Schema schema = strategy.writeMessageIdTo(
                    output, ID_POJO, (Message)value);
            
            if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
            {
                // update using the derived schema.
                ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(schema, currentSchema);
            }
            
            schema.writeTo(output, value);
            return;
        }
        
        if(clazz.isEnum())
        {
            strategy.writeEnumIdTo(output, ID_ENUM, clazz);
            EnumIO.writeTo(output, ID_ENUM_VALUE, false, (Enum)value);
            return;
        }
        
        if(clazz.getSuperclass() != null && clazz.getSuperclass().isEnum())
        {
            strategy.writeEnumIdTo(output, ID_ENUM, clazz.getSuperclass());
            EnumIO.writeTo(output, ID_ENUM_VALUE, false, (Enum)value);
            return;
        }
        
        if(clazz.isArray())
        {
            int dimensions = 1;
            Class componentType = clazz.getComponentType();
            while(componentType.isArray())
            {
                dimensions++;
                componentType = componentType.getComponentType();
            }
            
            strategy.writeArrayIdTo(output, componentType);
            // write the length of the array
            output.writeUInt32(ID_ARRAY_LEN, Array.getLength(value), false);
            // write the dimensions of the array
            output.writeUInt32(ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION, dimensions, false);
            
            if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
            {
                // update using the derived schema.
                ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.ARRAY_SCHEMA, currentSchema);
            }
            
            strategy.ARRAY_SCHEMA.writeTo(output, value);
            return;
        }
        
        if(Object.class == clazz)
        {
            output.writeUInt32(ID_OBJECT, 0, false);
            return;
        }
        
        if(Class.class == value.getClass())
        {
            // its a class
            final Class c = ((Class)value);
            if(c.isArray())
            {
                int dimensions = 1;
                Class componentType = c.getComponentType();
                while(componentType.isArray())
                {
                    dimensions++;
                    componentType = componentType.getComponentType();
                }
                
                strategy.writeClassIdTo(output, componentType, true);
                // write the dimensions of the array
                output.writeUInt32(ID_ARRAY_DIMENSION, dimensions, false);
                return;
            }
            
            strategy.writeClassIdTo(output, c, false);
            return;
        }
        
        if(Map.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz))
        {
            if(Collections.class == clazz.getDeclaringClass())
            {
                output.writeUInt32(ID_POLYMORPHIC_MAP, 0, false);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(
                            strategy.POLYMORPHIC_MAP_SCHEMA, currentSchema);
                }
                
                PolymorphicMapSchema.writeNonPublicMapTo(output, value, 
                        strategy.POLYMORPHIC_MAP_SCHEMA, strategy);
                return;
            }
            
            if(EnumMap.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz))
            {
                strategy.writeEnumIdTo(output, ID_ENUM_MAP, 
                        EnumIO.getKeyTypeFromEnumMap(value));
            }
            else
            {
                strategy.writeMapIdTo(output, ID_MAP, clazz);
            }
            
            if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
            {
                // update using the derived schema.
                ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.MAP_SCHEMA, currentSchema);
            }
            
            strategy.MAP_SCHEMA.writeTo(output, (Map)value);
            return;
        }
        
        if(Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz))
        {
            if(Collections.class == clazz.getDeclaringClass())
            {
                output.writeUInt32(ID_POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION, 0, false);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(
                            strategy.POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION_SCHEMA, currentSchema);
                }
                
                PolymorphicCollectionSchema.writeNonPublicCollectionTo(output, value, 
                        strategy.POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION_SCHEMA, strategy);
                return;
            }
            
            if(EnumSet.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz))
            {
                strategy.writeEnumIdTo(output, ID_ENUM_SET, 
                        EnumIO.getElementTypeFromEnumSet(value));
            }
            else
            {
                strategy.writeCollectionIdTo(output, ID_COLLECTION, clazz);
            }
            
            if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
            {
                // update using the derived schema.
                ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.COLLECTION_SCHEMA, currentSchema);
            }
            
            strategy.COLLECTION_SCHEMA.writeTo(output, (Collection)value);
            return;
        }
        
        if(Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz))
        {
            // throwable
            PolymorphicThrowableSchema.writeObjectTo(output, value, currentSchema, 
                    strategy);
            return;
        }
        
        // pojo
        final Schema schema = strategy.writePojoIdTo(output, ID_POJO, clazz);
        
        if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
        {
            // update using the derived schema.
            ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(schema, currentSchema);
        }

        schema.writeTo(output, value);
    }
    
    static void transferObject(Pipe.Schema pipeSchema, Pipe pipe, 
            Input input, Output output, IdStrategy strategy) throws IOException
    {
        final int number = input.readFieldNumber(pipeSchema.wrappedSchema);
        switch(number)
        {
            case ID_BOOL:
                BOOL.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_BYTE:
                BYTE.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_CHAR:
                CHAR.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_SHORT:
                SHORT.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_INT32:
                INT32.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_INT64:
                INT64.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_FLOAT:
                FLOAT.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_DOUBLE:
                DOUBLE.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_STRING:
                STRING.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_BYTES:
                BYTES.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_BYTE_ARRAY:
                BYTE_ARRAY.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_BIGDECIMAL:
                BIGDECIMAL.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_BIGINTEGER:
                BIGINTEGER.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_DATE:
                DATE.transfer(pipe, input, output, number, false);
                break;
            case ID_ARRAY:
                transferArray(pipe, input, output, number, pipeSchema, false, strategy);
                return;
            case ID_OBJECT:
                output.writeUInt32(number, input.readUInt32(), false);
                break;
            case ID_ARRAY_MAPPED:
                transferArray(pipe, input, output, number, pipeSchema, true, strategy);
                return;
            case ID_CLASS:
                transferClass(pipe, input, output, number, pipeSchema, false, false, strategy);
                break;
            case ID_CLASS_MAPPED:
                transferClass(pipe, input, output, number, pipeSchema, true, false, strategy);
                break;
            case ID_CLASS_ARRAY:
                transferClass(pipe, input, output, number, pipeSchema, false, true, strategy);
                break;
            case ID_CLASS_ARRAY_MAPPED:
                transferClass(pipe, input, output, number, pipeSchema, true, true, strategy);
                break;
                
            case ID_ENUM:
                strategy.transferEnumId(input, output, number);
                
                if(input.readFieldNumber(pipeSchema.wrappedSchema) != ID_ENUM_VALUE)
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                
                EnumIO.transfer(pipe, input, output, 1, false);
                break;
            case ID_ENUM_SET:
                strategy.transferEnumId(input, output, number);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.COLLECTION_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipeSchema);
                }
                
                Pipe.transferDirect(strategy.COLLECTION_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipe, input, output);
                return;
            case ID_ENUM_MAP:
                strategy.transferEnumId(input, output, number);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.MAP_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipeSchema);
                }
                
                Pipe.transferDirect(strategy.MAP_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipe, input, output);
                return;
            case ID_COLLECTION:
                strategy.transferCollectionId(input, output, number);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.COLLECTION_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipeSchema);
                }
                
                Pipe.transferDirect(strategy.COLLECTION_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipe, input, output);
                return;
            case ID_MAP:
                strategy.transferMapId(input, output, number);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(strategy.MAP_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipeSchema);
                }
                
                Pipe.transferDirect(strategy.MAP_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipe, input, output);
                return;
                
            case ID_POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION:
                if(0 != input.readUInt32())
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                output.writeUInt32(number, 0, false);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(
                            strategy.POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipeSchema);
                }
                
                Pipe.transferDirect(strategy.POLYMORPHIC_COLLECTION_PIPE_SCHEMA, 
                        pipe, input, output);
                return;
                
            case ID_POLYMORPHIC_MAP:
                if(0 != input.readUInt32())
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                output.writeUInt32(number, 0, false);
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(
                            strategy.POLYMORPHIC_MAP_PIPE_SCHEMA, pipeSchema);
                }
                
                Pipe.transferDirect(strategy.POLYMORPHIC_MAP_PIPE_SCHEMA, 
                        pipe, input, output);
                return;
            case ID_DELEGATE:
            {
                final Delegate delegate = strategy.transferDelegateId(input, 
                        output, number);
                if(1 != input.readFieldNumber(pipeSchema.wrappedSchema))
                    throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
                
                delegate.transfer(pipe, input, output, 1, false);
                break;
            }
            
            case ID_THROWABLE:
                PolymorphicThrowableSchema.transferObject(pipeSchema, pipe, input, 
                        output, strategy, number);
                return;
                
            case ID_POJO:
                final Pipe.Schema derivedPipeSchema = strategy.transferPojoId(
                        input, output, number).getPipeSchema();
                
                if(output instanceof StatefulOutput)
                {
                    // update using the derived schema.
                    ((StatefulOutput)output).updateLast(derivedPipeSchema, pipeSchema);
                }
                
                Pipe.transferDirect(derivedPipeSchema, pipe, input, output);
                return;
            default:
                throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.  Unknown field number: " + number);
        }
        
        if(input.readFieldNumber(pipeSchema.wrappedSchema) != 0)
            throw new ProtostuffException("Corrupt input.");
    }
    
    /**
     * An array wrapper internally used for adding objects.
     */
    static final class ArrayWrapper implements Collection
    {
        final Object array;
        int offset = 0;
        
        ArrayWrapper(Object array)
        {
            this.array = array;
        }

        public boolean add(Object value)
        {
            Array.set(array, offset++, value);
            return true;
        }

        public boolean addAll(Collection arg0)
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public void clear()
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public boolean contains(Object arg0)
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public boolean containsAll(Collection arg0)
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public boolean isEmpty()
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public Iterator iterator()
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public boolean remove(Object arg0)
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public boolean removeAll(Collection arg0)
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public boolean retainAll(Collection arg0)
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public int size()
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public Object[] toArray()
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public  T[] toArray(T[] arg0)
        {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
    }
    
}
    

    

    

            

    

            



    
    






    
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