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/*
* Copyright 2021 EPAM Systems, Inc
*
* See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. Licensed under the Apache License,
* Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*/
package java_cup;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.io.*;
/** This class serves as the main driver for the JavaCup system.
* It accepts user options and coordinates overall control flow.
* The main flow of control includes the following activities:
*
*
Parse user supplied arguments and options.
*
Open output files.
*
Parse the specification from standard input.
*
Check for unused terminals, non-terminals, and productions.
*
Build the state machine, tables, etc.
*
Output the generated code.
*
Close output files.
*
Print a summary if requested.
*
*
* Options to the main program include:
*
-package name
*
specify package generated classes go in [default none]
*
-parser name
*
specify parser class name [default "parser"]
*
-symbols name
*
specify name for symbol constant class [default "sym"]
*
-interface
*
emit symbol constant interface, rather than class
*
-nonterms
*
put non terminals in symbol constant class
*
-expect #
*
number of conflicts expected/allowed [default 0]
*
-compact_red
*
compact tables by defaulting to most frequent reduce
*
-nowarn
*
don't warn about useless productions, etc.
*
-nosummary
*
don't print the usual summary of parse states, etc.
*
-progress
*
print messages to indicate progress of the system
*
-time
*
print time usage summary
*
-dump_grammar
*
produce a dump of the symbols and grammar
*
-dump_states
*
produce a dump of parse state machine
*
-dump_tables
*
produce a dump of the parse tables
*
-dump
*
produce a dump of all of the above
*
-debug
*
turn on debugging messages within JavaCup
*
-nopositions
*
don't generate the positions code
*
-noscanner
*
don't refer to java_cup.runtime.Scanner in the parser
* (for compatibility with old runtimes)
*
-version
*
print version information for JavaCUP and halt.
*
*
* @version last updated: 7/3/96
* @author Frank Flannery
*/
public class Main {
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Constructor(s) ----------------------------------------*/
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/** Only constructor is private, so we do not allocate any instances of this
class. */
private Main() { }
/*-------------------------*/
/* Options set by the user */
/*-------------------------*/
/** User option -- do we print progress messages. */
protected static boolean print_progress = true;
/** User option -- do we produce a dump of the state machine */
protected static boolean opt_dump_states = false;
/** User option -- do we produce a dump of the parse tables */
protected static boolean opt_dump_tables = false;
/** User option -- do we produce a dump of the grammar */
protected static boolean opt_dump_grammar = false;
/** User option -- do we show timing information as a part of the summary */
protected static boolean opt_show_timing = false;
/** User option -- do we run produce extra debugging messages */
protected static boolean opt_do_debug = false;
/** User option -- do we compact tables by making most common reduce the
default action */
protected static boolean opt_compact_red = false;
/** User option -- should we include non terminal symbol numbers in the
symbol constant class. */
protected static boolean include_non_terms = false;
/** User option -- do not print a summary. */
protected static boolean no_summary = false;
/** User option -- number of conflicts to expect */
protected static int expect_conflicts = 0;
/* frankf added this 6/18/96 */
/** User option -- should generator generate code for left/right values? */
protected static boolean lr_values = true;
/** User option -- should symbols be put in a class or an interface? [CSA]*/
protected static boolean sym_interface = false;
/** User option -- should generator suppress references to
* java_cup.runtime.Scanner for compatibility with old runtimes? */
protected static boolean suppress_scanner = false;
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Timing data (not all of these time intervals are mutually exclusive) */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/** Timing data -- when did we start */
protected static long start_time = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end preliminaries */
protected static long prelim_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end parsing */
protected static long parse_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end checking */
protected static long check_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end dumping */
protected static long dump_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end state and table building */
protected static long build_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end nullability calculation */
protected static long nullability_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end first set calculation */
protected static long first_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end state machine construction */
protected static long machine_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end table construction */
protected static long table_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we end checking for non-reduced productions */
protected static long reduce_check_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when did we finish emitting code */
protected static long emit_end = 0;
/** Timing data -- when were we completely done */
protected static long final_time = 0;
/* Additional timing information is also collected in emit */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Main Program ------------------------------------------*/
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/** The main driver for the system.
* @param argv an array of strings containing command line arguments.
*/
public static void main(String argv[])
throws internal_error, java.io.IOException, java.lang.Exception
{
boolean did_output = false;
start_time = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* process user options and arguments */
parse_args(argv);
/* frankf 6/18/96
hackish, yes, but works */
emit.set_lr_values(lr_values);
/* open output files */
if (print_progress) System.err.println("Opening files...");
/* use a buffered version of standard input */
input_file = new BufferedInputStream(System.in);
prelim_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* parse spec into internal data structures */
if (print_progress)
System.err.println("Parsing specification from standard input...");
parse_grammar_spec();
parse_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* don't proceed unless we are error free */
if (lexer.error_count == 0)
{
/* check for unused bits */
if (print_progress) System.err.println("Checking specification...");
check_unused();
check_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* build the state machine and parse tables */
if (print_progress) System.err.println("Building parse tables...");
build_parser();
build_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* output the generated code, if # of conflicts permits */
if (lexer.error_count != 0) {
// conflicts! don't emit code, don't dump tables.
opt_dump_tables = false;
} else { // everything's okay, emit parser.
if (print_progress) System.err.println("Writing parser...");
open_files();
emit_parser();
did_output = true;
}
}
/* fix up the times to make the summary easier */
emit_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* do requested dumps */
if (opt_dump_grammar) dump_grammar();
if (opt_dump_states) dump_machine();
if (opt_dump_tables) dump_tables();
dump_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* close input/output files */
if (print_progress) System.err.println("Closing files...");
close_files();
/* produce a summary if desired */
if (!no_summary) emit_summary(did_output);
/* If there were errors during the run,
* exit with non-zero status (makefile-friendliness). --CSA */
if (lexer.error_count != 0)
System.exit(100);
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Print a "usage message" that described possible command line options,
* then exit.
* @param message a specific error message to preface the usage message by.
*/
protected static void usage(String message)
{
System.err.println();
System.err.println(message);
System.err.println();
System.err.println(
"Usage: " + version.program_name + " [options] [filename]\n" +
" and expects a specification file on standard input if no filename is given.\n" +
" Legal options include:\n" +
" -package name specify package generated classes go in [default none]\n" +
" -parser name specify parser class name [default \"parser\"]\n" +
" -symbols name specify name for symbol constant class [default \"sym\"]\n"+
" -interface put symbols in an interface, rather than a class\n" +
" -nonterms put non terminals in symbol constant class\n" +
" -expect # number of conflicts expected/allowed [default 0]\n" +
" -compact_red compact tables by defaulting to most frequent reduce\n" +
" -nowarn don't warn about useless productions, etc.\n" +
" -nosummary don't print the usual summary of parse states, etc.\n" +
" -nopositions don't propagate the left and right token position values\n" +
" -noscanner don't refer to java_cup.runtime.Scanner\n" +
" -progress print messages to indicate progress of the system\n" +
" -time print time usage summary\n" +
" -dump_grammar produce a human readable dump of the symbols and grammar\n"+
" -dump_states produce a dump of parse state machine\n"+
" -dump_tables produce a dump of the parse tables\n"+
" -dump produce a dump of all of the above\n"+
" -version print the version information for CUP and exit\n"
);
System.exit(1);
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Parse command line options and arguments to set various user-option
* flags and variables.
* @param argv the command line arguments to be parsed.
*/
protected static void parse_args(String argv[])
{
int len = argv.length;
int i;
/* parse the options */
for (i=0; i= len || argv[i].startsWith("-") ||
argv[i].endsWith(".cup"))
usage("-package must have a name argument");
/* record the name */
emit.package_name = argv[i];
}
else if (argv[i].equals("-parser"))
{
/* must have an arg */
if (++i >= len || argv[i].startsWith("-") ||
argv[i].endsWith(".cup"))
usage("-parser must have a name argument");
/* record the name */
emit.parser_class_name = argv[i];
}
else if (argv[i].equals("-symbols"))
{
/* must have an arg */
if (++i >= len || argv[i].startsWith("-") ||
argv[i].endsWith(".cup"))
usage("-symbols must have a name argument");
/* record the name */
emit.symbol_const_class_name = argv[i];
}
else if (argv[i].equals("-nonterms"))
{
include_non_terms = true;
}
else if (argv[i].equals("-expect"))
{
/* must have an arg */
if (++i >= len || argv[i].startsWith("-") ||
argv[i].endsWith(".cup"))
usage("-expect must have a name argument");
/* record the number */
try {
expect_conflicts = Integer.parseInt(argv[i]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
usage("-expect must be followed by a decimal integer");
}
}
else if (argv[i].equals("-compact_red")) opt_compact_red = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-nosummary")) no_summary = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-nowarn")) emit.nowarn = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-dump_states")) opt_dump_states = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-dump_tables")) opt_dump_tables = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-progress")) print_progress = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-dump_grammar")) opt_dump_grammar = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-dump"))
opt_dump_states = opt_dump_tables = opt_dump_grammar = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-time")) opt_show_timing = true;
else if (argv[i].equals("-debug")) opt_do_debug = true;
/* frankf 6/18/96 */
else if (argv[i].equals("-nopositions")) lr_values = false;
/* CSA 12/21/97 */
else if (argv[i].equals("-interface")) sym_interface = true;
/* CSA 23-Jul-1999 */
else if (argv[i].equals("-noscanner")) suppress_scanner = true;
/* CSA 23-Jul-1999 */
else if (argv[i].equals("-version")) {
System.out.println(version.title_str);
System.exit(1);
}
/* CSA 24-Jul-1999; suggestion by Jean Vaucher */
else if (!argv[i].startsWith("-") && i==len-1) {
/* use input from file. */
try {
System.setIn(new FileInputStream(argv[i]));
} catch (java.io.FileNotFoundException e) {
usage("Unable to open \"" + argv[i] +"\" for input");
}
}
else
{
usage("Unrecognized option \"" + argv[i] + "\"");
}
}
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/*-------*/
/* Files */
/*-------*/
/** Input file. This is a buffered version of System.in. */
protected static BufferedInputStream input_file;
/** Output file for the parser class. */
protected static PrintWriter parser_class_file;
/** Output file for the symbol constant class. */
protected static PrintWriter symbol_class_file;
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Open various files used by the system. */
protected static void open_files()
{
File fil;
String out_name;
/* open each of the output files */
/* parser class */
out_name = emit.parser_class_name + ".java";
fil = new File(out_name);
try {
parser_class_file = new PrintWriter(
new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fil), 4096));
} catch(Exception e) {
System.err.println("Can't open \"" + out_name + "\" for output");
System.exit(3);
}
/* symbol constants class */
out_name = emit.symbol_const_class_name + ".java";
fil = new File(out_name);
try {
symbol_class_file = new PrintWriter(
new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fil), 4096));
} catch(Exception e) {
System.err.println("Can't open \"" + out_name + "\" for output");
System.exit(4);
}
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Close various files used by the system. */
protected static void close_files() throws java.io.IOException
{
if (input_file != null) input_file.close();
if (parser_class_file != null) parser_class_file.close();
if (symbol_class_file != null) symbol_class_file.close();
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Parse the grammar specification from standard input. This produces
* sets of terminal, non-terminals, and productions which can be accessed
* via static variables of the respective classes, as well as the setting
* of various variables (mostly in the emit class) for small user supplied
* items such as the code to scan with.
*/
protected static void parse_grammar_spec() throws java.lang.Exception
{
parser parser_obj;
/* create a parser and parse with it */
parser_obj = new parser();
try {
if (opt_do_debug)
parser_obj.debug_parse();
else
parser_obj.parse();
} catch (Exception e)
{
/* something threw an exception. catch it and emit a message so we
have a line number to work with, then re-throw it */
lexer.emit_error("Internal error: Unexpected exception");
throw e;
}
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Check for unused symbols. Unreduced productions get checked when
* tables are created.
*/
protected static void check_unused()
{
terminal term;
non_terminal nt;
/* check for unused terminals */
for (Enumeration t = terminal.all(); t.hasMoreElements(); )
{
term = (terminal)t.nextElement();
/* don't issue a message for EOF */
if (term == terminal.EOF) continue;
/* or error */
if (term == terminal.error) continue;
/* is this one unused */
if (term.use_count() == 0)
{
/* count it and warn if we are doing warnings */
emit.unused_term++;
if (!emit.nowarn)
{
System.err.println("Warning: Terminal \"" + term.name() +
"\" was declared but never used");
lexer.warning_count++;
}
}
}
/* check for unused non terminals */
for (Enumeration n = non_terminal.all(); n.hasMoreElements(); )
{
nt = (non_terminal)n.nextElement();
/* is this one unused */
if (nt.use_count() == 0)
{
/* count and warn if we are doing warnings */
emit.unused_term++;
if (!emit.nowarn)
{
System.err.println("Warning: Non terminal \"" + nt.name() +
"\" was declared but never used");
lexer.warning_count++;
}
}
}
}
/* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/* . . Internal Results of Generating the Parser . .*/
/* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Start state in the overall state machine. */
protected static lalr_state start_state;
/** Resulting parse action table. */
protected static parse_action_table action_table;
/** Resulting reduce-goto table. */
protected static parse_reduce_table reduce_table;
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Build the (internal) parser from the previously parsed specification.
* This includes:
*
Computing nullability of non-terminals.
*
Computing first sets of non-terminals and productions.
*
Building the viable prefix recognizer machine.
*
Filling in the (internal) parse tables.
*
Checking for unreduced productions.
*
*/
protected static void build_parser() throws internal_error
{
/* compute nullability of all non terminals */
if (opt_do_debug || print_progress)
System.err.println(" Computing non-terminal nullability...");
non_terminal.compute_nullability();
nullability_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* compute first sets of all non terminals */
if (opt_do_debug || print_progress)
System.err.println(" Computing first sets...");
non_terminal.compute_first_sets();
first_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* build the LR viable prefix recognition machine */
if (opt_do_debug || print_progress)
System.err.println(" Building state machine...");
start_state = lalr_state.build_machine(emit.start_production);
machine_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* build the LR parser action and reduce-goto tables */
if (opt_do_debug || print_progress)
System.err.println(" Filling in tables...");
action_table = new parse_action_table();
reduce_table = new parse_reduce_table();
for (Enumeration st = lalr_state.all(); st.hasMoreElements(); )
{
lalr_state lst = (lalr_state)st.nextElement();
lst.build_table_entries(
action_table, reduce_table);
}
table_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* check and warn for non-reduced productions */
if (opt_do_debug || print_progress)
System.err.println(" Checking for non-reduced productions...");
action_table.check_reductions();
reduce_check_end = System.currentTimeMillis();
/* if we have more conflicts than we expected issue a message and die */
if (emit.num_conflicts > expect_conflicts)
{
System.err.println("*** More conflicts encountered than expected " +
"-- parser generation aborted");
lexer.error_count++; // indicate the problem.
// we'll die on return, after clean up.
}
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Call the emit routines necessary to write out the generated parser. */
protected static void emit_parser() throws internal_error
{
emit.symbols(symbol_class_file, include_non_terms, sym_interface);
emit.parser(parser_class_file, action_table, reduce_table,
start_state.index(), emit.start_production, opt_compact_red,
suppress_scanner);
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Helper routine to optionally return a plural or non-plural ending.
* @param val the numerical value determining plurality.
*/
protected static String plural(int val)
{
if (val == 1)
return "";
else
return "s";
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Emit a long summary message to standard error (System.err) which
* summarizes what was found in the specification, how many states were
* produced, how many conflicts were found, etc. A detailed timing
* summary is also produced if it was requested by the user.
* @param output_produced did the system get far enough to generate code.
*/
protected static void emit_summary(boolean output_produced)
{
final_time = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (no_summary) return;
System.err.println("------- " + version.title_str +
" Parser Generation Summary -------");
/* error and warning count */
System.err.println(" " + lexer.error_count + " error" +
plural(lexer.error_count) + " and " + lexer.warning_count +
" warning" + plural(lexer.warning_count));
/* basic stats */
System.err.print(" " + terminal.number() + " terminal" +
plural(terminal.number()) + ", ");
System.err.print(non_terminal.number() + " non-terminal" +
plural(non_terminal.number()) + ", and ");
System.err.println(production.number() + " production" +
plural(production.number()) + " declared, ");
System.err.println(" producing " + lalr_state.number() +
" unique parse states.");
/* unused symbols */
System.err.println(" " + emit.unused_term + " terminal" +
plural(emit.unused_term) + " declared but not used.");
System.err.println(" " + emit.unused_non_term + " non-terminal" +
plural(emit.unused_term) + " declared but not used.");
/* productions that didn't reduce */
System.err.println(" " + emit.not_reduced + " production" +
plural(emit.not_reduced) + " never reduced.");
/* conflicts */
System.err.println(" " + emit.num_conflicts + " conflict" +
plural(emit.num_conflicts) + " detected" +
" (" + expect_conflicts + " expected).");
/* code location */
if (output_produced)
System.err.println(" Code written to \"" + emit.parser_class_name +
".java\", and \"" + emit.symbol_const_class_name + ".java\".");
else
System.err.println(" No code produced.");
if (opt_show_timing) show_times();
System.err.println(
"---------------------------------------------------- (" +
version.version_str + ")");
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Produce the optional timing summary as part of an overall summary. */
protected static void show_times()
{
long total_time = final_time - start_time;
System.err.println(". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ");
System.err.println(" Timing Summary");
System.err.println(" Total time "
+ timestr(final_time-start_time, total_time));
System.err.println(" Startup "
+ timestr(prelim_end-start_time, total_time));
System.err.println(" Parse "
+ timestr(parse_end-prelim_end, total_time) );
if (check_end != 0)
System.err.println(" Checking "
+ timestr(check_end-parse_end, total_time));
if (check_end != 0 && build_end != 0)
System.err.println(" Parser Build "
+ timestr(build_end-check_end, total_time));
if (nullability_end != 0 && check_end != 0)
System.err.println(" Nullability "
+ timestr(nullability_end-check_end, total_time));
if (first_end != 0 && nullability_end != 0)
System.err.println(" First sets "
+ timestr(first_end-nullability_end, total_time));
if (machine_end != 0 && first_end != 0)
System.err.println(" State build "
+ timestr(machine_end-first_end, total_time));
if (table_end != 0 && machine_end != 0)
System.err.println(" Table build "
+ timestr(table_end-machine_end, total_time));
if (reduce_check_end != 0 && table_end != 0)
System.err.println(" Checking "
+ timestr(reduce_check_end-table_end, total_time));
if (emit_end != 0 && build_end != 0)
System.err.println(" Code Output "
+ timestr(emit_end-build_end, total_time));
if (emit.symbols_time != 0)
System.err.println(" Symbols "
+ timestr(emit.symbols_time, total_time));
if (emit.parser_time != 0)
System.err.println(" Parser class "
+ timestr(emit.parser_time, total_time));
if (emit.action_code_time != 0)
System.err.println(" Actions "
+ timestr(emit.action_code_time, total_time));
if (emit.production_table_time != 0)
System.err.println(" Prod table "
+ timestr(emit.production_table_time, total_time));
if (emit.action_table_time != 0)
System.err.println(" Action tab "
+ timestr(emit.action_table_time, total_time));
if (emit.goto_table_time != 0)
System.err.println(" Reduce tab "
+ timestr(emit.goto_table_time, total_time));
System.err.println(" Dump Output "
+ timestr(dump_end-emit_end, total_time));
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Helper routine to format a decimal based display of seconds and
* percentage of total time given counts of milliseconds. Note: this
* is broken for use with some instances of negative time (since we don't
* use any negative time here, we let if be for now).
* @param time_val the value being formatted (in ms).
* @param total_time total time percentages are calculated against (in ms).
*/
protected static String timestr(long time_val, long total_time)
{
boolean neg;
long ms = 0;
long sec = 0;
long percent10;
String pad;
/* work with positives only */
neg = time_val < 0;
if (neg) time_val = -time_val;
/* pull out seconds and ms */
ms = time_val % 1000;
sec = time_val / 1000;
/* construct a pad to blank fill seconds out to 4 places */
if (sec < 10)
pad = " ";
else if (sec < 100)
pad = " ";
else if (sec < 1000)
pad = " ";
else
pad = "";
/* calculate 10 times the percentage of total */
percent10 = (time_val*1000)/total_time;
/* build and return the output string */
return (neg ? "-" : "") + pad + sec + "." +
((ms%1000)/100) + ((ms%100)/10) + (ms%10) + "sec" +
" (" + percent10/10 + "." + percent10%10 + "%)";
}
/*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*/
/** Produce a human readable dump of the grammar. */
public static void dump_grammar() throws internal_error
{
System.err.println("===== Terminals =====");
for (int tidx=0, cnt=0; tidx < terminal.number(); tidx++, cnt++)
{
System.err.print("["+tidx+"]"+terminal.find(tidx).name()+" ");
if ((cnt+1) % 5 == 0) System.err.println();
}
System.err.println();
System.err.println();
System.err.println("===== Non terminals =====");
for (int nidx=0, cnt=0; nidx < non_terminal.number(); nidx++, cnt++)
{
System.err.print("["+nidx+"]"+non_terminal.find(nidx).name()+" ");
if ((cnt+1) % 5 == 0) System.err.println();
}
System.err.println();
System.err.println();
System.err.println("===== Productions =====");
for (int pidx=0; pidx < production.number(); pidx++)
{
production prod = production.find(pidx);
System.err.print("["+pidx+"] "+prod.lhs().the_symbol().name() + " ::= ");
for (int i=0; i
