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/*
 * Copyright DataStax, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder;

import static com.datastax.driver.$internal.com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.datastax.driver.core.CodecRegistry;
import com.datastax.driver.core.DataType;
import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
import com.datastax.driver.core.ProtocolVersion;
import com.datastax.driver.core.Token;
import com.datastax.driver.core.TypeCodec;
import com.datastax.driver.core.exceptions.InvalidTypeException;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

// Static utilities private to the query builder
abstract class Utils {

  private static final Pattern alphanumeric = Pattern.compile("\\w+"); // this includes _
  private static final Pattern cnamePattern = Pattern.compile("\\w+(?:\\[.+\\])?");

  /**
   * Deal with case sensitivity for a given element id (keyspace, table, column, etc.)
   *
   * 

This method is used to convert identifiers provided by the client (through methods such as * getKeyspace(String)), to the format used internally by the driver. * *

We expect client-facing APIs to behave like cqlsh, that is: - identifiers that are * mixed-case or contain special characters should be quoted. - unquoted identifiers will be * lowercased: getKeyspace("Foo") will look for a keyspace named "foo" * *

Copied from {@link Metadata#handleId(String)} to avoid making it public. */ static String handleId(String id) { // Shouldn't really happen for this method, but no reason to fail here if (id == null) return null; if (alphanumeric.matcher(id).matches()) return id.toLowerCase(); // Check if it's enclosed in quotes. If it is, remove them and unescape internal double quotes if (!id.isEmpty() && id.charAt(0) == '"' && id.charAt(id.length() - 1) == '"') return id.substring(1, id.length() - 1).replaceAll("\"\"", "\""); // Otherwise, just return the id. // Note that this is a bit at odds with the rules explained above, because the client can pass // an // identifier that contains special characters, without the need to quote it. // Still it's better to be lenient here rather than throwing an exception. return id; } static StringBuilder joinAndAppend( StringBuilder sb, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, String separator, List values, List variables) { for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(separator); values.get(i).appendTo(sb, variables, codecRegistry); } return sb; } static StringBuilder joinAndAppendNames( StringBuilder sb, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, List values) { for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(","); appendName(values.get(i), codecRegistry, sb); } return sb; } static StringBuilder joinAndAppendValues( StringBuilder sb, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, List values, List variables) { for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(","); appendValue(values.get(i), codecRegistry, sb, variables); } return sb; } static StringBuilder appendValue( Object value, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, StringBuilder sb, List variables) { if (value == null) { sb.append("null"); } else if (value instanceof BindMarker) { sb.append(value); } else if (value instanceof FCall) { FCall fcall = (FCall) value; sb.append(fcall.name).append('('); for (int i = 0; i < fcall.parameters.length; i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(','); appendValue(fcall.parameters[i], codecRegistry, sb, variables); } sb.append(')'); } else if (value instanceof Cast) { Cast cast = (Cast) value; sb.append("CAST("); appendName(cast.column, codecRegistry, sb); sb.append(" AS ").append(cast.targetType).append(")"); } else if (value instanceof CName) { appendName(((CName) value).name, codecRegistry, sb); } else if (value instanceof RawString) { sb.append(value.toString()); } else if (value instanceof List && !isSerializable(value)) { // bind variables are not supported inside collection literals appendList((List) value, codecRegistry, sb); } else if (value instanceof Set && !isSerializable(value)) { // bind variables are not supported inside collection literals appendSet((Set) value, codecRegistry, sb); } else if (value instanceof Map && !isSerializable(value)) { // bind variables are not supported inside collection literals appendMap((Map) value, codecRegistry, sb); } else if (variables == null || !isSerializable(value)) { // we are not collecting statement values (variables == null) // or the value is meant to be forcefully appended to the query string: // format it with the appropriate codec and append it now TypeCodec codec = codecRegistry.codecFor(value); sb.append(codec.format(value)); } else { // Do not format the value nor append it to the query string: // use a bind marker instead, // but add the value the the statement's variables list sb.append('?'); variables.add(value); return sb; } return sb; } private static StringBuilder appendList( List l, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, StringBuilder sb) { sb.append('['); for (int i = 0; i < l.size(); i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(','); appendValue(l.get(i), codecRegistry, sb, null); } sb.append(']'); return sb; } private static StringBuilder appendSet(Set s, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, StringBuilder sb) { sb.append('{'); boolean first = true; for (Object elt : s) { if (first) first = false; else sb.append(','); appendValue(elt, codecRegistry, sb, null); } sb.append('}'); return sb; } private static StringBuilder appendMap( Map m, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, StringBuilder sb) { sb.append('{'); boolean first = true; for (Map.Entry entry : m.entrySet()) { if (first) first = false; else sb.append(','); appendValue(entry.getKey(), codecRegistry, sb, null); sb.append(':'); appendValue(entry.getValue(), codecRegistry, sb, null); } sb.append('}'); return sb; } static boolean containsBindMarker(Object value) { if (value instanceof BindMarker) return true; if (value instanceof FCall) for (Object param : ((FCall) value).parameters) if (containsBindMarker(param)) return true; if (value instanceof Collection) for (Object elt : (Collection) value) if (containsBindMarker(elt)) return true; if (value instanceof Map) for (Map.Entry entry : ((Map) value).entrySet()) if (containsBindMarker(entry.getKey()) || containsBindMarker(entry.getValue())) return true; return false; } static boolean containsSpecialValue(Object value) { if (value instanceof BindMarker || value instanceof FCall || value instanceof CName || value instanceof RawString) return true; if (value instanceof Collection) for (Object elt : (Collection) value) if (containsSpecialValue(elt)) return true; if (value instanceof Map) for (Map.Entry entry : ((Map) value).entrySet()) if (containsSpecialValue(entry.getKey()) || containsSpecialValue(entry.getValue())) return true; return false; } /** * Return true if the given value is likely to find a suitable codec to be serialized as a query * parameter. If the value is not serializable, it must be included in the query string. Non * serializable values include special values such as function calls, column names and bind * markers, and collections thereof. We also don't serialize fixed size number types. The reason * is that if we do it, we will force a particular size (4 bytes for ints, ...) and for the query * builder, we don't want users to have to bother with that. * * @param value the value to inspect. * @return true if the value is serializable, false otherwise. */ static boolean isSerializable(Object value) { if (containsSpecialValue(value)) return false; if (value instanceof Number && !(value instanceof BigInteger || value instanceof BigDecimal)) return false; if (value instanceof Collection) for (Object elt : (Collection) value) if (!isSerializable(elt)) return false; if (value instanceof Map) for (Map.Entry entry : ((Map) value).entrySet()) if (!isSerializable(entry.getKey()) || !isSerializable(entry.getValue())) return false; return true; } static boolean isIdempotent(Object value) { if (value == null) { return true; } else if (value instanceof Assignment) { Assignment assignment = (Assignment) value; return assignment.isIdempotent(); } else if (value instanceof FCall) { return false; } else if (value instanceof RawString) { return false; } else if (value instanceof Collection) { for (Object elt : ((Collection) value)) { if (!isIdempotent(elt)) return false; } return true; } else if (value instanceof Map) { for (Map.Entry entry : ((Map) value).entrySet()) { if (!isIdempotent(entry.getKey()) || !isIdempotent(entry.getValue())) return false; } } else if (value instanceof Clause) { Object clauseValue = ((Clause) value).firstValue(); return isIdempotent(clauseValue); } return true; } static StringBuilder appendName(String name, StringBuilder sb) { name = name.trim(); // FIXME: checking for token( specifically is uber ugly, we'll need some better solution. if (name.startsWith("\"") || name.startsWith("token(") || cnamePattern.matcher(name).matches()) sb.append(name); else sb.append('"').append(name).append('"'); return sb; } static StringBuilder appendName(Object name, CodecRegistry codecRegistry, StringBuilder sb) { if (name instanceof String) { appendName((String) name, sb); } else if (name instanceof CName) { appendName(((CName) name).name, sb); } else if (name instanceof Path) { String[] segments = ((Path) name).segments; for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append('.'); appendName(segments[i], sb); } } else if (name instanceof FCall) { FCall fcall = (FCall) name; sb.append(fcall.name).append('('); for (int i = 0; i < fcall.parameters.length; i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(','); appendValue(fcall.parameters[i], codecRegistry, sb, null); } sb.append(')'); } else if (name instanceof Alias) { Alias alias = (Alias) name; appendName(alias.column, codecRegistry, sb); sb.append(" AS ").append(alias.alias); } else if (name instanceof Cast) { Cast cast = (Cast) name; sb.append("CAST("); appendName(cast.column, codecRegistry, sb); sb.append(" AS ").append(cast.targetType).append(")"); } else if (name instanceof RawString) { sb.append(((RawString) name).str); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException( String.format("Invalid column %s of type unknown of the query builder", name)); } return sb; } /** * Utility method to serialize user-provided values. * *

This method is a copy of the one declared in {@link * com.datastax.driver.core.SimpleStatement}, it was duplicated to avoid having to make it public. * *

It is useful in situations where there is no metadata available and the underlying CQL type * for the values is not known. * *

This situation happens when a {@link com.datastax.driver.core.SimpleStatement} or a {@link * com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.BuiltStatement} (Query Builder) contain values; in these * places, the driver has no way to determine the right CQL type to use. * *

This method performs a best-effort heuristic to guess which codec to use. Note that this is * not particularly efficient as the codec registry needs to iterate over the registered codecs * until it finds a suitable one. * * @param values The values to convert. * @param protocolVersion The protocol version to use. * @param codecRegistry The {@link CodecRegistry} to use. * @return The converted values. */ static ByteBuffer[] convert( Object[] values, ProtocolVersion protocolVersion, CodecRegistry codecRegistry) { ByteBuffer[] serializedValues = new ByteBuffer[values.length]; for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { Object value = values[i]; if (value == null) { // impossible to locate the right codec when object is null, // so forcing the result to null serializedValues[i] = null; } else { if (value instanceof Token) { // bypass CodecRegistry for Token instances serializedValues[i] = ((Token) value).serialize(protocolVersion); } else { try { TypeCodec codec = codecRegistry.codecFor(value); serializedValues[i] = codec.serialize(value, protocolVersion); } catch (Exception e) { // Catch and rethrow to provide a more helpful error message (one that include which // value is bad) throw new InvalidTypeException( String.format( "Value %d of type %s does not correspond to any CQL3 type", i, value.getClass()), e); } } } } return serializedValues; } /** * Utility method to assemble different routing key components into a single {@link ByteBuffer}. * Mainly intended for statements that need to generate a routing key out of their current values. * *

This method is a copy of the one declared in {@link * com.datastax.driver.core.SimpleStatement}, it was duplicated to avoid having to make it public. * * @param buffers the components of the routing key. * @return A ByteBuffer containing the serialized routing key */ static ByteBuffer compose(ByteBuffer... buffers) { if (buffers.length == 1) return buffers[0]; int totalLength = 0; for (ByteBuffer bb : buffers) totalLength += 2 + bb.remaining() + 1; ByteBuffer out = ByteBuffer.allocate(totalLength); for (ByteBuffer buffer : buffers) { ByteBuffer bb = buffer.duplicate(); putShortLength(out, bb.remaining()); out.put(bb); out.put((byte) 0); } out.flip(); return out; } static void putShortLength(ByteBuffer bb, int length) { bb.put((byte) ((length >> 8) & 0xFF)); bb.put((byte) (length & 0xFF)); } abstract static class Appendeable { abstract void appendTo(StringBuilder sb, List values, CodecRegistry codecRegistry); abstract boolean containsBindMarker(); } static class RawString { private final String str; RawString(String str) { this.str = str; } @Override public String toString() { return str; } } static class FCall { private final String name; private final Object[] parameters; FCall(String name, Object... parameters) { checkNotNull(name); this.name = name; this.parameters = parameters; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(name).append('('); for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) { if (i > 0) sb.append(','); sb.append(parameters[i]); } sb.append(')'); return sb.toString(); } } static class CName { private final String name; CName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return name; } } static class Alias { private final Object column; private final String alias; Alias(Object column, String alias) { this.column = column; this.alias = alias; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("%s AS %s", column, alias); } } static class Cast { private final Object column; private final DataType targetType; Cast(Object column, DataType targetType) { this.column = column; this.targetType = targetType; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("CAST(%s AS %s)", column, targetType); } } static class Path { private final String[] segments; Path(String... segments) { this.segments = segments; } } }