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    /**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore;

import static com.facebook.presto.hive.$internal.org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.join;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.jdo.JDODataStoreException;
import javax.jdo.JDOHelper;
import javax.jdo.JDOObjectNotFoundException;
import javax.jdo.PersistenceManager;
import javax.jdo.PersistenceManagerFactory;
import javax.jdo.Query;
import javax.jdo.Transaction;
import javax.jdo.datastore.DataStoreCache;
import javax.jdo.identity.IntIdentity;

import org.antlr.runtime.CommonTokenStream;
import org.antlr.runtime.RecognitionException;
import com.facebook.presto.hive.$internal.org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import com.facebook.presto.hive.$internal.org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configurable;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.FileUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.ObjectPair;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.ConfVars;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.AggrStats;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.ColumnStatistics;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.ColumnStatisticsDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.ColumnStatisticsObj;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.CurrentNotificationEventId;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Database;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.FieldSchema;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Function;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.FunctionType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.HiveObjectPrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.HiveObjectRef;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.HiveObjectType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Index;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.InvalidInputException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.InvalidObjectException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.InvalidPartitionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.MetaException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.NoSuchObjectException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.NotificationEvent;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.NotificationEventRequest;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.NotificationEventResponse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Order;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Partition;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PartitionEventType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PrincipalPrivilegeSet;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PrincipalType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PrivilegeBag;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PrivilegeGrantInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.ResourceType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.ResourceUri;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Role;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SerDeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SkewedInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.StorageDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Table;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Type;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.UnknownDBException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.UnknownPartitionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.UnknownTableException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MDBPrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MDatabase;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MDelegationToken;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MFieldSchema;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MFunction;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MGlobalPrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MIndex;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MMasterKey;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MNotificationLog;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MNotificationNextId;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MOrder;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartition;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartitionColumnPrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartitionColumnStatistics;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartitionEvent;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartitionPrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MResourceUri;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MRole;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MRoleMap;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MSerDeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MStorageDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MStringList;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MTableColumnPrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MTableColumnStatistics;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MTablePrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MVersionTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.parser.ExpressionTree;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.parser.ExpressionTree.ANTLRNoCaseStringStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.parser.ExpressionTree.FilterBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.parser.ExpressionTree.LeafNode;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.parser.ExpressionTree.Operator;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.parser.FilterLexer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.parser.FilterParser;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.PrimitiveTypeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TypeInfoFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.shims.ShimLoader;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.partition.spec.PartitionSpecProxy;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hive.common.util.HiveStringUtils;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.exceptions.MissingTableException;

import com.facebook.presto.hive.$internal.com.google.common.collect.Lists;

/**
 * This class is the interface between the application logic and the database
 * store that contains the objects. Refrain putting any logic in mode.M* objects
 * or in this file as former could be auto generated and this class would need
 * to be made into a interface that can read both from a database and a
 * filestore.
 */
public class ObjectStore implements RawStore, Configurable {
  private static Properties prop = null;
  private static PersistenceManagerFactory pmf = null;

  private static Lock pmfPropLock = new ReentrantLock();
  /**
  * Verify the schema only once per JVM since the db connection info is static
  */
  private final static AtomicBoolean isSchemaVerified = new AtomicBoolean(false);
  private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(ObjectStore.class.getName());

  private static enum TXN_STATUS {
    NO_STATE, OPEN, COMMITED, ROLLBACK
  }

  private static final Map PINCLASSMAP;
  private static final String HOSTNAME;
  private static final String USER;
  static {
    Map map = new HashMap();
    map.put("table", MTable.class);
    map.put("storagedescriptor", MStorageDescriptor.class);
    map.put("serdeinfo", MSerDeInfo.class);
    map.put("partition", MPartition.class);
    map.put("database", MDatabase.class);
    map.put("type", MType.class);
    map.put("fieldschema", MFieldSchema.class);
    map.put("order", MOrder.class);
    PINCLASSMAP = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
    String hostname = "UNKNOWN";
    try {
      InetAddress clientAddr = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
      hostname = clientAddr.getHostAddress();
    } catch (IOException e) {
    }
    HOSTNAME = hostname;
    String user = System.getenv("USER");
    if (user == null) {
      USER = "UNKNOWN";
    } else {
      USER = user;
    }
  }


  private boolean isInitialized = false;
  private PersistenceManager pm = null;
  private MetaStoreDirectSql directSql = null;
  private PartitionExpressionProxy expressionProxy = null;
  private Configuration hiveConf;
  int openTrasactionCalls = 0;
  private Transaction currentTransaction = null;
  private TXN_STATUS transactionStatus = TXN_STATUS.NO_STATE;

  private Pattern partitionValidationPattern;

  public ObjectStore() {
  }

  @Override
  public Configuration getConf() {
    return hiveConf;
  }

  /**
   * Called whenever this object is instantiated using ReflectionUtils, and also
   * on connection retries. In cases of connection retries, conf will usually
   * contain modified values.
   */
  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("nls")
  public void setConf(Configuration conf) {
    // Although an instance of ObjectStore is accessed by one thread, there may
    // be many threads with ObjectStore instances. So the static variables
    // pmf and prop need to be protected with locks.
    pmfPropLock.lock();
    try {
      isInitialized = false;
      hiveConf = conf;
      Properties propsFromConf = getDataSourceProps(conf);
      boolean propsChanged = !propsFromConf.equals(prop);

      if (propsChanged) {
        pmf = null;
        prop = null;
      }

      assert(!isActiveTransaction());
      shutdown();
      // Always want to re-create pm as we don't know if it were created by the
      // most recent instance of the pmf
      pm = null;
      directSql = null;
      expressionProxy = null;
      openTrasactionCalls = 0;
      currentTransaction = null;
      transactionStatus = TXN_STATUS.NO_STATE;

      initialize(propsFromConf);

      String partitionValidationRegex =
          hiveConf.get(HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTORE_PARTITION_NAME_WHITELIST_PATTERN.name());
      if (partitionValidationRegex != null && partitionValidationRegex.equals("")) {
        partitionValidationPattern = Pattern.compile(partitionValidationRegex);
      } else {
        partitionValidationPattern = null;
      }

      if (!isInitialized) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
        "Unable to create persistence manager. Check dss.log for details");
      } else {
        LOG.info("Initialized ObjectStore");
      }
    } finally {
      pmfPropLock.unlock();
    }
  }

  private ClassLoader classLoader;
  {
    classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
    if (classLoader == null) {
      classLoader = ObjectStore.class.getClassLoader();
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("nls")
  private void initialize(Properties dsProps) {
    LOG.info("ObjectStore, initialize called");
    prop = dsProps;
    pm = getPersistenceManager();
    isInitialized = pm != null;
    if (isInitialized) {
      expressionProxy = createExpressionProxy(hiveConf);
      directSql = new MetaStoreDirectSql(pm, hiveConf);
    }
    LOG.debug("RawStore: " + this + ", with PersistenceManager: " + pm +
        " created in the thread with id: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
  }

  /**
   * Creates the proxy used to evaluate expressions. This is here to prevent circular
   * dependency - ql -> metastore client <-> metastore server -> ql. If server and
   * client are split, this can be removed.
   * @param conf Configuration.
   * @return The partition expression proxy.
   */
  private static PartitionExpressionProxy createExpressionProxy(Configuration conf) {
    String className = HiveConf.getVar(conf, HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTORE_EXPRESSION_PROXY_CLASS);
    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      Class clazz =
          (Class)MetaStoreUtils.getClass(className);
      return MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(
          clazz, new Class[0], new Object[0]);
    } catch (MetaException e) {
      LOG.error("Error loading PartitionExpressionProxy", e);
      throw new RuntimeException("Error loading PartitionExpressionProxy: " + e.getMessage());
    }
  }

  /**
   * Properties specified in hive-default.xml override the properties specified
   * in jpox.properties.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("nls")
  private static Properties getDataSourceProps(Configuration conf) {
    Properties prop = new Properties();

    Iterator> iter = conf.iterator();
    while (iter.hasNext()) {
      Map.Entry e = iter.next();
      if (e.getKey().contains("datanucleus") || e.getKey().contains("jdo")) {
        Object prevVal = prop.setProperty(e.getKey(), conf.get(e.getKey()));
        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()
            && !e.getKey().equals(HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTOREPWD.varname)) {
          LOG.debug("Overriding " + e.getKey() + " value " + prevVal
              + " from  jpox.properties with " + e.getValue());
        }
      }
    }
    // Password may no longer be in the conf, use getPassword()
    try {
      String passwd =
          ShimLoader.getHadoopShims().getPassword(conf, HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTOREPWD.varname);
      if (passwd != null && !passwd.isEmpty()) {
        prop.setProperty(HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTOREPWD.varname, passwd);
      }
    } catch (IOException err) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Error getting metastore password: " + err.getMessage(), err);
    }

    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
      for (Entry e : prop.entrySet()) {
        if (!e.getKey().equals(HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTOREPWD.varname)) {
          LOG.debug(e.getKey() + " = " + e.getValue());
        }
      }
    }
    return prop;
  }

  private static synchronized PersistenceManagerFactory getPMF() {
    if (pmf == null) {
      pmf = JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(prop);
      DataStoreCache dsc = pmf.getDataStoreCache();
      if (dsc != null) {
        HiveConf conf = new HiveConf(ObjectStore.class);
        String objTypes = HiveConf.getVar(conf, HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTORE_CACHE_PINOBJTYPES);
        LOG.info("Setting MetaStore object pin classes with hive.metastore.cache.pinobjtypes=\"" + objTypes + "\"");
        if (objTypes != null && objTypes.length() > 0) {
          objTypes = objTypes.toLowerCase();
          String[] typeTokens = objTypes.split(",");
          for (String type : typeTokens) {
            type = type.trim();
            if (PINCLASSMAP.containsKey(type)) {
              dsc.pinAll(true, PINCLASSMAP.get(type));
            }
            else {
              LOG.warn(type + " is not one of the pinnable object types: " + com.facebook.presto.hive.$internal.org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.join(PINCLASSMAP.keySet(), " "));
            }
          }
        }
      } else {
        LOG.warn("PersistenceManagerFactory returned null DataStoreCache object. Unable to initialize object pin types defined by hive.metastore.cache.pinobjtypes");
      }
    }
    return pmf;
  }

  @InterfaceAudience.LimitedPrivate({"HCATALOG"})
  @InterfaceStability.Evolving
  public PersistenceManager getPersistenceManager() {
    return getPMF().getPersistenceManager();
  }

  @Override
  public void shutdown() {
    if (pm != null) {
      LOG.debug("RawStore: " + this + ", with PersistenceManager: " + pm +
          " will be shutdown");
      pm.close();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Opens a new one or the one already created Every call of this function must
   * have corresponding commit or rollback function call
   *
   * @return an active transaction
   */

  @Override
  public boolean openTransaction() {
    openTrasactionCalls++;
    if (openTrasactionCalls == 1) {
      currentTransaction = pm.currentTransaction();
      currentTransaction.begin();
      transactionStatus = TXN_STATUS.OPEN;
    } else {
      // openTransactionCalls > 1 means this is an interior transaction
      // We should already have a transaction created that is active.
      if ((currentTransaction == null) || (!currentTransaction.isActive())){
        throw new RuntimeException("openTransaction called in an interior"
            + " transaction scope, but currentTransaction is not active.");
      }
    }

    boolean result = currentTransaction.isActive();
    debugLog("Open transaction: count = " + openTrasactionCalls + ", isActive = " + result);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * if this is the commit of the first open call then an actual commit is
   * called.
   *
   * @return Always returns true
   */
  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("nls")
  public boolean commitTransaction() {
    if (TXN_STATUS.ROLLBACK == transactionStatus) {
      debugLog("Commit transaction: rollback");
      return false;
    }
    if (openTrasactionCalls <= 0) {
      RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("commitTransaction was called but openTransactionCalls = "
          + openTrasactionCalls + ". This probably indicates that there are unbalanced " +
          "calls to openTransaction/commitTransaction");
      LOG.error(e);
      throw e;
    }
    if (!currentTransaction.isActive()) {
      RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("commitTransaction was called but openTransactionCalls = "
          + openTrasactionCalls + ". This probably indicates that there are unbalanced " +
          "calls to openTransaction/commitTransaction");
      LOG.error(e);
      throw e;
    }
    openTrasactionCalls--;
    debugLog("Commit transaction: count = " + openTrasactionCalls + ", isactive "+ currentTransaction.isActive());

    if ((openTrasactionCalls == 0) && currentTransaction.isActive()) {
      transactionStatus = TXN_STATUS.COMMITED;
      currentTransaction.commit();
    }

    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @return true if there is an active transaction. If the current transaction
   *         is either committed or rolled back it returns false
   */
  public boolean isActiveTransaction() {
    if (currentTransaction == null) {
      return false;
    }
    return currentTransaction.isActive();
  }

  /**
   * Rolls back the current transaction if it is active
   */
  @Override
  public void rollbackTransaction() {
    if (openTrasactionCalls < 1) {
      debugLog("rolling back transaction: no open transactions: " + openTrasactionCalls);
      return;
    }
    debugLog("Rollback transaction, isActive: " + currentTransaction.isActive());
    try {
      if (currentTransaction.isActive()
          && transactionStatus != TXN_STATUS.ROLLBACK) {
        currentTransaction.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      openTrasactionCalls = 0;
      transactionStatus = TXN_STATUS.ROLLBACK;
      // remove all detached objects from the cache, since the transaction is
      // being rolled back they are no longer relevant, and this prevents them
      // from reattaching in future transactions
      pm.evictAll();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void createDatabase(Database db) throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    MDatabase mdb = new MDatabase();
    mdb.setName(db.getName().toLowerCase());
    mdb.setLocationUri(db.getLocationUri());
    mdb.setDescription(db.getDescription());
    mdb.setParameters(db.getParameters());
    mdb.setOwnerName(db.getOwnerName());
    PrincipalType ownerType = db.getOwnerType();
    mdb.setOwnerType((null == ownerType ? PrincipalType.USER.name() : ownerType.name()));
    try {
      openTransaction();
      pm.makePersistent(mdb);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("nls")
  private MDatabase getMDatabase(String name) throws NoSuchObjectException {
    MDatabase mdb = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      name = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(name);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MDatabase.class, "name == dbname");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String dbname");
      query.setUnique(true);
      mdb = (MDatabase) query.execute(name);
      pm.retrieve(mdb);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    if (mdb == null) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException("There is no database named " + name);
    }
    return mdb;
  }

  @Override
  public Database getDatabase(String name) throws NoSuchObjectException {
    MetaException ex = null;
    Database db = null;
    try {
      db = getDatabaseInternal(name);
    } catch (MetaException e) {
      // Signature restriction to NSOE, and NSOE being a flat exception prevents us from
      // setting the cause of the NSOE as the MetaException. We should not lose the info
      // we got here, but it's very likely that the MetaException is irrelevant and is
      // actually an NSOE message, so we should log it and throw an NSOE with the msg.
      ex = e;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      LOG.warn("Failed to get database " + name +", returning NoSuchObjectException", ex);
      throw new NoSuchObjectException(name + (ex == null ? "" : (": " + ex.getMessage())));
    }
    return db;
  }

  public Database getDatabaseInternal(String name) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return new GetDbHelper(name, null, true, true) {
      @Override
      protected Database getSqlResult(GetHelper ctx) throws MetaException {
        return directSql.getDatabase(dbName);
      }

      @Override
      protected Database getJdoResult(GetHelper ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        return getJDODatabase(dbName);
      }
    }.run(false);
   }

  public Database getJDODatabase(String name) throws NoSuchObjectException {
    MDatabase mdb = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      mdb = getMDatabase(name);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    Database db = new Database();
    db.setName(mdb.getName());
    db.setDescription(mdb.getDescription());
    db.setLocationUri(mdb.getLocationUri());
    db.setParameters(convertMap(mdb.getParameters()));
    db.setOwnerName(mdb.getOwnerName());
    String type = mdb.getOwnerType();
    db.setOwnerType((null == type || type.trim().isEmpty()) ? null : PrincipalType.valueOf(type));
    return db;
  }

  /**
   * Alter the database object in metastore. Currently only the parameters
   * of the database or the owner can be changed.
   * @param dbName the database name
   * @param db the Hive Database object
   * @throws MetaException
   * @throws NoSuchObjectException
   */
  @Override
  public boolean alterDatabase(String dbName, Database db)
    throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {

    MDatabase mdb = null;
    boolean committed = false;
    try {
      mdb = getMDatabase(dbName);
      mdb.setParameters(db.getParameters());
      mdb.setOwnerName(db.getOwnerName());
      if (db.getOwnerType() != null) {
        mdb.setOwnerType(db.getOwnerType().name());
      }
      openTransaction();
      pm.makePersistent(mdb);
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean dropDatabase(String dbname) throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    LOG.info("Dropping database " + dbname + " along with all tables");
    dbname = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbname);
    try {
      openTransaction();

      // then drop the database
      MDatabase db = getMDatabase(dbname);
      pm.retrieve(db);
      if (db != null) {
        List dbGrants = this.listDatabaseGrants(dbname);
        if (dbGrants != null && dbGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(dbGrants);
        }
        pm.deletePersistent(db);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }


  @Override
  public List getDatabases(String pattern) throws MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    List databases = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      // Take the pattern and split it on the | to get all the composing
      // patterns
      String[] subpatterns = pattern.trim().split("\\|");
      String query = "select name from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MDatabase where (";
      boolean first = true;
      for (String subpattern : subpatterns) {
        subpattern = "(?i)" + subpattern.replaceAll("\\*", ".*");
        if (!first) {
          query = query + " || ";
        }
        query = query + " name.matches(\"" + subpattern + "\")";
        first = false;
      }
      query = query + ")";

      Query q = pm.newQuery(query);
      q.setResult("name");
      q.setOrdering("name ascending");
      Collection names = (Collection) q.execute();
      databases = new ArrayList();
      for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        databases.add((String) i.next());
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return databases;
  }

  @Override
  public List getAllDatabases() throws MetaException {
    return getDatabases(".*");
  }

  private MType getMType(Type type) {
    List fields = new ArrayList();
    if (type.getFields() != null) {
      for (FieldSchema field : type.getFields()) {
        fields.add(new MFieldSchema(field.getName(), field.getType(), field
            .getComment()));
      }
    }
    return new MType(type.getName(), type.getType1(), type.getType2(), fields);
  }

  private Type getType(MType mtype) {
    List fields = new ArrayList();
    if (mtype.getFields() != null) {
      for (MFieldSchema field : mtype.getFields()) {
        fields.add(new FieldSchema(field.getName(), field.getType(), field
            .getComment()));
      }
    }
    Type ret = new Type();
    ret.setName(mtype.getName());
    ret.setType1(mtype.getType1());
    ret.setType2(mtype.getType2());
    ret.setFields(fields);
    return ret;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean createType(Type type) {
    boolean success = false;
    MType mtype = getMType(type);
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      pm.makePersistent(mtype);
      commited = commitTransaction();
      success = true;
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public Type getType(String typeName) {
    Type type = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MType.class, "name == typeName");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String typeName");
      query.setUnique(true);
      MType mtype = (MType) query.execute(typeName.trim());
      pm.retrieve(type);
      if (mtype != null) {
        type = getType(mtype);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return type;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean dropType(String typeName) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MType.class, "name == typeName");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String typeName");
      query.setUnique(true);
      MType type = (MType) query.execute(typeName.trim());
      pm.retrieve(type);
      if (type != null) {
        pm.deletePersistent(type);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } catch (JDOObjectNotFoundException e) {
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("type not found " + typeName, e);
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public void createTable(Table tbl) throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MTable mtbl = convertToMTable(tbl);
      pm.makePersistent(mtbl);
      PrincipalPrivilegeSet principalPrivs = tbl.getPrivileges();
      List toPersistPrivObjs = new ArrayList();
      if (principalPrivs != null) {
        int now = (int)(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000);

        Map> userPrivs = principalPrivs.getUserPrivileges();
        putPersistentPrivObjects(mtbl, toPersistPrivObjs, now, userPrivs, PrincipalType.USER);

        Map> groupPrivs = principalPrivs.getGroupPrivileges();
        putPersistentPrivObjects(mtbl, toPersistPrivObjs, now, groupPrivs, PrincipalType.GROUP);

        Map> rolePrivs = principalPrivs.getRolePrivileges();
        putPersistentPrivObjects(mtbl, toPersistPrivObjs, now, rolePrivs, PrincipalType.ROLE);
      }
      pm.makePersistentAll(toPersistPrivObjs);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Convert PrivilegeGrantInfo from privMap to MTablePrivilege, and add all of
   * them to the toPersistPrivObjs. These privilege objects will be persisted as
   * part of createTable.
   *
   * @param mtbl
   * @param toPersistPrivObjs
   * @param now
   * @param privMap
   * @param type
   */
  private void putPersistentPrivObjects(MTable mtbl, List toPersistPrivObjs,
      int now, Map> privMap, PrincipalType type) {
    if (privMap != null) {
      for (Map.Entry> entry : privMap
          .entrySet()) {
        String principalName = entry.getKey();
        List privs = entry.getValue();
        for (int i = 0; i < privs.size(); i++) {
          PrivilegeGrantInfo priv = privs.get(i);
          if (priv == null) {
            continue;
          }
          MTablePrivilege mTblSec = new MTablePrivilege(
              principalName, type.toString(), mtbl, priv.getPrivilege(),
              now, priv.getGrantor(), priv.getGrantorType().toString(), priv
                  .isGrantOption());
          toPersistPrivObjs.add(mTblSec);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean dropTable(String dbName, String tableName) throws MetaException,
    NoSuchObjectException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MTable tbl = getMTable(dbName, tableName);
      pm.retrieve(tbl);
      if (tbl != null) {
        // first remove all the grants
        List tabGrants = listAllTableGrants(dbName, tableName);
        if (tabGrants != null && tabGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(tabGrants);
        }
        List tblColGrants = listTableAllColumnGrants(dbName,
            tableName);
        if (tblColGrants != null && tblColGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(tblColGrants);
        }

        List partGrants = this.listTableAllPartitionGrants(dbName, tableName);
        if (partGrants != null && partGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(partGrants);
        }

        List partColGrants = listTableAllPartitionColumnGrants(dbName,
            tableName);
        if (partColGrants != null && partColGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(partColGrants);
        }
        // delete column statistics if present
        try {
          deleteTableColumnStatistics(dbName, tableName, null);
        } catch (NoSuchObjectException e) {
          LOG.info("Found no table level column statistics associated with db " + dbName +
          " table " + tableName + " record to delete");
        }

        preDropStorageDescriptor(tbl.getSd());
        // then remove the table
        pm.deletePersistentAll(tbl);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public Table getTable(String dbName, String tableName) throws MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    Table tbl = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      tbl = convertToTable(getMTable(dbName, tableName));
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return tbl;
  }

  @Override
  public List getTables(String dbName, String pattern)
      throws MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    List tbls = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      // Take the pattern and split it on the | to get all the composing
      // patterns
      String[] subpatterns = pattern.trim().split("\\|");
      String query =
        "select tableName from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MTable "
        + "where database.name == dbName && (";
      boolean first = true;
      for (String subpattern : subpatterns) {
        subpattern = "(?i)" + subpattern.replaceAll("\\*", ".*");
        if (!first) {
          query = query + " || ";
        }
        query = query + " tableName.matches(\"" + subpattern + "\")";
        first = false;
      }
      query = query + ")";

      Query q = pm.newQuery(query);
      q.declareParameters("java.lang.String dbName");
      q.setResult("tableName");
      q.setOrdering("tableName ascending");
      Collection names = (Collection) q.execute(dbName);
      tbls = new ArrayList();
      for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        tbls.add((String) i.next());
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return tbls;
  }

  @Override
  public List getAllTables(String dbName) throws MetaException {
    return getTables(dbName, ".*");
  }

  private MTable getMTable(String db, String table) {
    MTable mtbl = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      db = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(db);
      table = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(table);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTable.class, "tableName == table && database.name == db");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String table, java.lang.String db");
      query.setUnique(true);
      mtbl = (MTable) query.execute(table, db);
      pm.retrieve(mtbl);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mtbl;
  }

  @Override
  public List getTableObjectsByName(String db, List tbl_names)
      throws MetaException, UnknownDBException {
    List
     tables = new ArrayList
    ();
    boolean committed = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();

      db = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(db);
      Query dbExistsQuery = pm.newQuery(MDatabase.class, "name == db");
      dbExistsQuery.declareParameters("java.lang.String db");
      dbExistsQuery.setUnique(true);
      dbExistsQuery.setResult("name");
      String dbNameIfExists = (String) dbExistsQuery.execute(db);
      if (dbNameIfExists == null || dbNameIfExists.isEmpty()) {
        throw new UnknownDBException("Could not find database " + db);
      }

      List lowered_tbl_names = new ArrayList();
      for (String t : tbl_names) {
        lowered_tbl_names.add(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(t));
      }
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTable.class);
      query.setFilter("database.name == db && tbl_names.contains(tableName)");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String db, java.util.Collection tbl_names");
      Collection mtables = (Collection) query.execute(db, lowered_tbl_names);
      for (Iterator iter = mtables.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
        tables.add(convertToTable((MTable) iter.next()));
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return tables;
  }

  /** Makes shallow copy of a list to avoid DataNucleus mucking with our objects. */
  private  List convertList(List dnList) {
    return (dnList == null) ? null : Lists.newArrayList(dnList);
  }

  /** Makes shallow copy of a map to avoid DataNucleus mucking with our objects. */
  private Map convertMap(Map dnMap) {
    return MetaStoreUtils.trimMapNulls(dnMap,
        HiveConf.getBoolVar(getConf(), ConfVars.METASTORE_ORM_RETRIEVE_MAPNULLS_AS_EMPTY_STRINGS));
  }

  private Table convertToTable(MTable mtbl) throws MetaException {
    if (mtbl == null) {
      return null;
    }
    String tableType = mtbl.getTableType();
    if (tableType == null) {
      // for backwards compatibility with old metastore persistence
      if (mtbl.getViewOriginalText() != null) {
        tableType = TableType.VIRTUAL_VIEW.toString();
      } else if ("TRUE".equals(mtbl.getParameters().get("EXTERNAL"))) {
        tableType = TableType.EXTERNAL_TABLE.toString();
      } else {
        tableType = TableType.MANAGED_TABLE.toString();
      }
    }
    return new Table(mtbl.getTableName(), mtbl.getDatabase().getName(), mtbl
        .getOwner(), mtbl.getCreateTime(), mtbl.getLastAccessTime(), mtbl
        .getRetention(), convertToStorageDescriptor(mtbl.getSd()),
        convertToFieldSchemas(mtbl.getPartitionKeys()), convertMap(mtbl.getParameters()),
        mtbl.getViewOriginalText(), mtbl.getViewExpandedText(), tableType);
  }

  private MTable convertToMTable(Table tbl) throws InvalidObjectException,
      MetaException {
    if (tbl == null) {
      return null;
    }
    MDatabase mdb = null;
    try {
      mdb = getMDatabase(tbl.getDbName());
    } catch (NoSuchObjectException e) {
      LOG.error(StringUtils.stringifyException(e));
      throw new InvalidObjectException("Database " + tbl.getDbName()
          + " doesn't exist.");
    }

    // If the table has property EXTERNAL set, update table type
    // accordingly
    String tableType = tbl.getTableType();
    boolean isExternal = "TRUE".equals(tbl.getParameters().get("EXTERNAL"));
    if (TableType.MANAGED_TABLE.toString().equals(tableType)) {
      if (isExternal) {
        tableType = TableType.EXTERNAL_TABLE.toString();
      }
    }
    if (TableType.EXTERNAL_TABLE.toString().equals(tableType)) {
      if (!isExternal) {
        tableType = TableType.MANAGED_TABLE.toString();
      }
    }

    // A new table is always created with a new column descriptor
    return new MTable(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tbl.getTableName()), mdb,
        convertToMStorageDescriptor(tbl.getSd()), tbl.getOwner(), tbl
            .getCreateTime(), tbl.getLastAccessTime(), tbl.getRetention(),
        convertToMFieldSchemas(tbl.getPartitionKeys()), tbl.getParameters(),
        tbl.getViewOriginalText(), tbl.getViewExpandedText(),
        tableType);
  }

  private List convertToMFieldSchemas(List keys) {
    List mkeys = null;
    if (keys != null) {
      mkeys = new ArrayList(keys.size());
      for (FieldSchema part : keys) {
        mkeys.add(new MFieldSchema(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(part.getName()),
            part.getType(), part.getComment()));
      }
    }
    return mkeys;
  }

  private List convertToFieldSchemas(List mkeys) {
    List keys = null;
    if (mkeys != null) {
      keys = new ArrayList(mkeys.size());
      for (MFieldSchema part : mkeys) {
        keys.add(new FieldSchema(part.getName(), part.getType(), part
            .getComment()));
      }
    }
    return keys;
  }

  private List convertToMOrders(List keys) {
    List mkeys = null;
    if (keys != null) {
      mkeys = new ArrayList(keys.size());
      for (Order part : keys) {
        mkeys.add(new MOrder(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(part.getCol()), part.getOrder()));
      }
    }
    return mkeys;
  }

  private List convertToOrders(List mkeys) {
    List keys = null;
    if (mkeys != null) {
      keys = new ArrayList(mkeys.size());
      for (MOrder part : mkeys) {
        keys.add(new Order(part.getCol(), part.getOrder()));
      }
    }
    return keys;
  }

  private SerDeInfo convertToSerDeInfo(MSerDeInfo ms) throws MetaException {
    if (ms == null) {
      throw new MetaException("Invalid SerDeInfo object");
    }
    return new SerDeInfo(ms.getName(), ms.getSerializationLib(), convertMap(ms.getParameters()));
  }

  private MSerDeInfo convertToMSerDeInfo(SerDeInfo ms) throws MetaException {
    if (ms == null) {
      throw new MetaException("Invalid SerDeInfo object");
    }
    return new MSerDeInfo(ms.getName(), ms.getSerializationLib(), ms
        .getParameters());
  }

  /**
   * Given a list of model field schemas, create a new model column descriptor.
   * @param cols the columns the column descriptor contains
   * @return a new column descriptor db-backed object
   */
  private MColumnDescriptor createNewMColumnDescriptor(List cols) {
    if (cols == null) {
      return null;
    }
    return new MColumnDescriptor(cols);
  }

  // MSD and SD should be same objects. Not sure how to make then same right now
  // MSerdeInfo *& SerdeInfo should be same as well
  private StorageDescriptor convertToStorageDescriptor(MStorageDescriptor msd,
      boolean noFS)
      throws MetaException {
    if (msd == null) {
      return null;
    }
    List mFieldSchemas = msd.getCD() == null ? null : msd.getCD().getCols();

    StorageDescriptor sd = new StorageDescriptor(noFS ? null : convertToFieldSchemas(mFieldSchemas),
        msd.getLocation(), msd.getInputFormat(), msd.getOutputFormat(), msd
        .isCompressed(), msd.getNumBuckets(), convertToSerDeInfo(msd
        .getSerDeInfo()), convertList(msd.getBucketCols()), convertToOrders(msd
        .getSortCols()), convertMap(msd.getParameters()));
    SkewedInfo skewedInfo = new SkewedInfo(convertList(msd.getSkewedColNames()),
        convertToSkewedValues(msd.getSkewedColValues()),
        covertToSkewedMap(msd.getSkewedColValueLocationMaps()));
    sd.setSkewedInfo(skewedInfo);
    sd.setStoredAsSubDirectories(msd.isStoredAsSubDirectories());
    return sd;
  }

  private StorageDescriptor convertToStorageDescriptor(MStorageDescriptor msd)
      throws MetaException {
    return convertToStorageDescriptor(msd, false);
  }

  /**
   * Convert a list of MStringList to a list of list string
   *
   * @param mLists
   * @return
   */
  private List> convertToSkewedValues(List mLists) {
    List> lists = null;
    if (mLists != null) {
      lists = new ArrayList>(mLists.size());
      for (MStringList element : mLists) {
        lists.add(new ArrayList(element.getInternalList()));
      }
    }
    return lists;
  }

  private List convertToMStringLists(List> mLists) {
    List lists = null ;
    if (null != mLists) {
      lists = new ArrayList();
      for (List mList : mLists) {
        lists.add(new MStringList(mList));
      }
    }
    return lists;
  }

  /**
   * Convert a MStringList Map to a Map
   * @param mMap
   * @return
   */
  private Map, String> covertToSkewedMap(Map mMap) {
    Map, String> map = null;
    if (mMap != null) {
      map = new HashMap, String>(mMap.size());
      Set keys = mMap.keySet();
      for (MStringList key : keys) {
        map.put(new ArrayList(key.getInternalList()), mMap.get(key));
      }
    }
    return map;
  }

  /**
   * Covert a Map to a MStringList Map
   * @param mMap
   * @return
   */
  private Map covertToMapMStringList(Map, String> mMap) {
    Map map = null;
    if (mMap != null) {
      map = new HashMap(mMap.size());
      Set> keys = mMap.keySet();
      for (List key : keys) {
        map.put(new MStringList(key), mMap.get(key));
      }
    }
    return map;
  }



  /**
   * Converts a storage descriptor to a db-backed storage descriptor.  Creates a
   *   new db-backed column descriptor object for this SD.
   * @param sd the storage descriptor to wrap in a db-backed object
   * @return the storage descriptor db-backed object
   * @throws MetaException
   */
  private MStorageDescriptor convertToMStorageDescriptor(StorageDescriptor sd)
      throws MetaException {
    if (sd == null) {
      return null;
    }
    MColumnDescriptor mcd = createNewMColumnDescriptor(convertToMFieldSchemas(sd.getCols()));
    return convertToMStorageDescriptor(sd, mcd);
  }

  /**
   * Converts a storage descriptor to a db-backed storage descriptor.  It points the
   * storage descriptor's column descriptor to the one passed as an argument,
   * so it does not create a new mcolumn descriptor object.
   * @param sd the storage descriptor to wrap in a db-backed object
   * @param mcd the db-backed column descriptor
   * @return the db-backed storage descriptor object
   * @throws MetaException
   */
  private MStorageDescriptor convertToMStorageDescriptor(StorageDescriptor sd,
      MColumnDescriptor mcd) throws MetaException {
    if (sd == null) {
      return null;
    }
    return new MStorageDescriptor(mcd, sd
        .getLocation(), sd.getInputFormat(), sd.getOutputFormat(), sd
        .isCompressed(), sd.getNumBuckets(), convertToMSerDeInfo(sd
        .getSerdeInfo()), sd.getBucketCols(),
        convertToMOrders(sd.getSortCols()), sd.getParameters(),
        (null == sd.getSkewedInfo()) ? null
            : sd.getSkewedInfo().getSkewedColNames(),
        convertToMStringLists((null == sd.getSkewedInfo()) ? null : sd.getSkewedInfo()
            .getSkewedColValues()),
        covertToMapMStringList((null == sd.getSkewedInfo()) ? null : sd.getSkewedInfo()
            .getSkewedColValueLocationMaps()), sd.isStoredAsSubDirectories());
  }

  @Override
  public boolean addPartitions(String dbName, String tblName, List parts)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    openTransaction();
    try {
      List tabGrants = null;
      List tabColumnGrants = null;
      MTable table = this.getMTable(dbName, tblName);
      if ("TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase(table.getParameters().get("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"))) {
        tabGrants = this.listAllTableGrants(dbName, tblName);
        tabColumnGrants = this.listTableAllColumnGrants(dbName, tblName);
      }
      List toPersist = new ArrayList();
      for (Partition part : parts) {
        if (!part.getTableName().equals(tblName) || !part.getDbName().equals(dbName)) {
          throw new MetaException("Partition does not belong to target table "
              + dbName + "." + tblName + ": " + part);
        }
        MPartition mpart = convertToMPart(part, true);
        toPersist.add(mpart);
        int now = (int)(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000);
        if (tabGrants != null) {
          for (MTablePrivilege tab: tabGrants) {
            toPersist.add(new MPartitionPrivilege(tab.getPrincipalName(),
                tab.getPrincipalType(), mpart, tab.getPrivilege(), now,
                tab.getGrantor(), tab.getGrantorType(), tab.getGrantOption()));
          }
        }

        if (tabColumnGrants != null) {
          for (MTableColumnPrivilege col : tabColumnGrants) {
            toPersist.add(new MPartitionColumnPrivilege(col.getPrincipalName(),
                col.getPrincipalType(), mpart, col.getColumnName(), col.getPrivilege(),
                now, col.getGrantor(), col.getGrantorType(), col.getGrantOption()));
          }
        }
      }
      if (toPersist.size() > 0) {
        pm.makePersistentAll(toPersist);
      }

      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  private boolean isValidPartition(
      Partition part, boolean ifNotExists) throws MetaException {
    MetaStoreUtils.validatePartitionNameCharacters(part.getValues(),
        partitionValidationPattern);
    boolean doesExist = doesPartitionExist(
        part.getDbName(), part.getTableName(), part.getValues());
    if (doesExist && !ifNotExists) {
      throw new MetaException("Partition already exists: " + part);
    }
    return !doesExist;
  }


  @Override
  public boolean addPartitions(String dbName, String tblName,
                               PartitionSpecProxy partitionSpec, boolean ifNotExists)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    openTransaction();
    try {
      List tabGrants = null;
      List tabColumnGrants = null;
      MTable table = this.getMTable(dbName, tblName);
      if ("TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase(table.getParameters().get("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"))) {
        tabGrants = this.listAllTableGrants(dbName, tblName);
        tabColumnGrants = this.listTableAllColumnGrants(dbName, tblName);
      }

      if (!partitionSpec.getTableName().equals(tblName) || !partitionSpec.getDbName().equals(dbName)) {
        throw new MetaException("Partition does not belong to target table "
            + dbName + "." + tblName + ": " + partitionSpec);
      }

      PartitionSpecProxy.PartitionIterator iterator = partitionSpec.getPartitionIterator();

      int now = (int)(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000);

      while (iterator.hasNext()) {
        Partition part = iterator.next();

        if (isValidPartition(part, ifNotExists)) {
          MPartition mpart = convertToMPart(part, true);
          pm.makePersistent(mpart);
          if (tabGrants != null) {
            for (MTablePrivilege tab : tabGrants) {
              pm.makePersistent(new MPartitionPrivilege(tab.getPrincipalName(),
                  tab.getPrincipalType(), mpart, tab.getPrivilege(), now,
                  tab.getGrantor(), tab.getGrantorType(), tab.getGrantOption()));
            }
          }

          if (tabColumnGrants != null) {
            for (MTableColumnPrivilege col : tabColumnGrants) {
              pm.makePersistent(new MPartitionColumnPrivilege(col.getPrincipalName(),
                  col.getPrincipalType(), mpart, col.getColumnName(), col.getPrivilege(),
                  now, col.getGrantor(), col.getGrantorType(), col.getGrantOption()));
            }
          }
        }
      }

      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean addPartition(Partition part) throws InvalidObjectException,
      MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      MTable table = this.getMTable(part.getDbName(), part.getTableName());
      List tabGrants = null;
      List tabColumnGrants = null;
      if ("TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase(table.getParameters().get("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"))) {
        tabGrants = this.listAllTableGrants(part
            .getDbName(), part.getTableName());
        tabColumnGrants = this.listTableAllColumnGrants(
            part.getDbName(), part.getTableName());
      }
      openTransaction();
      MPartition mpart = convertToMPart(part, true);
      pm.makePersistent(mpart);

      int now = (int)(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000);
      List toPersist = new ArrayList();
      if (tabGrants != null) {
        for (MTablePrivilege tab: tabGrants) {
          MPartitionPrivilege partGrant = new MPartitionPrivilege(tab
              .getPrincipalName(), tab.getPrincipalType(),
              mpart, tab.getPrivilege(), now, tab.getGrantor(), tab
                  .getGrantorType(), tab.getGrantOption());
          toPersist.add(partGrant);
        }
      }

      if (tabColumnGrants != null) {
        for (MTableColumnPrivilege col : tabColumnGrants) {
          MPartitionColumnPrivilege partColumn = new MPartitionColumnPrivilege(col
              .getPrincipalName(), col.getPrincipalType(), mpart, col
              .getColumnName(), col.getPrivilege(), now, col.getGrantor(), col
              .getGrantorType(), col.getGrantOption());
          toPersist.add(partColumn);
        }

        if (toPersist.size() > 0) {
          pm.makePersistentAll(toPersist);
        }
      }

      commited = commitTransaction();
      success = true;
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public Partition getPartition(String dbName, String tableName,
      List part_vals) throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException {
    openTransaction();
    Partition part = convertToPart(getMPartition(dbName, tableName, part_vals));
    commitTransaction();
    if(part == null) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException("partition values="
          + part_vals.toString());
    }
    part.setValues(part_vals);
    return part;
  }

  private MPartition getMPartition(String dbName, String tableName,
      List part_vals) throws MetaException {
    MPartition mpart = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
      MTable mtbl = getMTable(dbName, tableName);
      if (mtbl == null) {
        commited = commitTransaction();
        return null;
      }
      // Change the query to use part_vals instead of the name which is
      // redundant TODO: callers of this often get part_vals out of name for no reason...
      String name = Warehouse.makePartName(convertToFieldSchemas(mtbl
          .getPartitionKeys()), part_vals);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartition.class,
          "table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2 && partitionName == t3");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3");
      query.setUnique(true);
      mpart = (MPartition) query.execute(tableName, dbName, name);
      pm.retrieve(mpart);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mpart;
  }

  /**
   * Convert a Partition object into an MPartition, which is an object backed by the db
   * If the Partition's set of columns is the same as the parent table's AND useTableCD
   * is true, then this partition's storage descriptor's column descriptor will point
   * to the same one as the table's storage descriptor.
   * @param part the partition to convert
   * @param useTableCD whether to try to use the parent table's column descriptor.
   * @return the model partition object
   * @throws InvalidObjectException
   * @throws MetaException
   */
  private MPartition convertToMPart(Partition part, boolean useTableCD)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    if (part == null) {
      return null;
    }
    MTable mt = getMTable(part.getDbName(), part.getTableName());
    if (mt == null) {
      throw new InvalidObjectException(
          "Partition doesn't have a valid table or database name");
    }

    // If this partition's set of columns is the same as the parent table's,
    // use the parent table's, so we do not create a duplicate column descriptor,
    // thereby saving space
    MStorageDescriptor msd;
    if (useTableCD &&
        mt.getSd() != null && mt.getSd().getCD() != null &&
        mt.getSd().getCD().getCols() != null &&
        part.getSd() != null &&
        convertToFieldSchemas(mt.getSd().getCD().getCols()).
        equals(part.getSd().getCols())) {
      msd = convertToMStorageDescriptor(part.getSd(), mt.getSd().getCD());
    } else {
      msd = convertToMStorageDescriptor(part.getSd());
    }

    return new MPartition(Warehouse.makePartName(convertToFieldSchemas(mt
        .getPartitionKeys()), part.getValues()), mt, part.getValues(), part
        .getCreateTime(), part.getLastAccessTime(),
        msd, part.getParameters());
  }

  private Partition convertToPart(MPartition mpart) throws MetaException {
    if (mpart == null) {
      return null;
    }
    return new Partition(convertList(mpart.getValues()), mpart.getTable().getDatabase()
        .getName(), mpart.getTable().getTableName(), mpart.getCreateTime(),
        mpart.getLastAccessTime(), convertToStorageDescriptor(mpart.getSd()),
        convertMap(mpart.getParameters()));
  }

  private Partition convertToPart(String dbName, String tblName, MPartition mpart)
      throws MetaException {
    if (mpart == null) {
      return null;
    }
    return new Partition(convertList(mpart.getValues()), dbName, tblName,
        mpart.getCreateTime(), mpart.getLastAccessTime(),
        convertToStorageDescriptor(mpart.getSd(), false), convertMap(mpart.getParameters()));
  }

  @Override
  public boolean dropPartition(String dbName, String tableName,
    List part_vals) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException, InvalidObjectException,
    InvalidInputException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MPartition part = getMPartition(dbName, tableName, part_vals);
      dropPartitionCommon(part);
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public void dropPartitions(String dbName, String tblName, List partNames)
      throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    if (partNames.isEmpty()) return;
    boolean success = false;
    openTransaction();
    try {
      // Delete all things.
      dropPartitionGrantsNoTxn(dbName, tblName, partNames);
      dropPartitionAllColumnGrantsNoTxn(dbName, tblName, partNames);
      dropPartitionColumnStatisticsNoTxn(dbName, tblName, partNames);

      // CDs are reused; go thry partition SDs, detach all CDs from SDs, then remove unused CDs.
      for (MColumnDescriptor mcd : detachCdsFromSdsNoTxn(dbName, tblName, partNames)) {
        removeUnusedColumnDescriptor(mcd);
      }
      dropPartitionsNoTxn(dbName, tblName, partNames);
      if (!(success = commitTransaction())) {
        throw new MetaException("Failed to drop partitions"); // Should not happen?
      }
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Drop an MPartition and cascade deletes (e.g., delete partition privilege grants,
   *   drop the storage descriptor cleanly, etc.)
   * @param part - the MPartition to drop
   * @return whether the transaction committed successfully
   * @throws InvalidInputException
   * @throws InvalidObjectException
   * @throws MetaException
   * @throws NoSuchObjectException
   */
  private boolean dropPartitionCommon(MPartition part) throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException,
    InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      if (part != null) {
        List schemas = part.getTable().getPartitionKeys();
        List colNames = new ArrayList();
        for (MFieldSchema col: schemas) {
          colNames.add(col.getName());
        }
        String partName = FileUtils.makePartName(colNames, part.getValues());

        List partGrants = listPartitionGrants(
            part.getTable().getDatabase().getName(),
            part.getTable().getTableName(),
            Lists.newArrayList(partName));

        if (partGrants != null && partGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(partGrants);
        }

        List partColumnGrants = listPartitionAllColumnGrants(
            part.getTable().getDatabase().getName(),
            part.getTable().getTableName(),
            Lists.newArrayList(partName));
        if (partColumnGrants != null && partColumnGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(partColumnGrants);
        }

        String dbName = part.getTable().getDatabase().getName();
        String tableName = part.getTable().getTableName();

        // delete partition level column stats if it exists
       try {
          deletePartitionColumnStatistics(dbName, tableName, partName, part.getValues(), null);
        } catch (NoSuchObjectException e) {
          LOG.info("No column statistics records found to delete");
        }

        preDropStorageDescriptor(part.getSd());
        pm.deletePersistent(part);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public List getPartitions(
      String dbName, String tableName, int maxParts) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return getPartitionsInternal(dbName, tableName, maxParts, true, true);
  }

  protected List getPartitionsInternal(
      String dbName, String tblName, final int maxParts, boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo)
          throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return new GetListHelper(dbName, tblName, allowSql, allowJdo) {
      @Override
      protected List getSqlResult(GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException {
        Integer max = (maxParts < 0) ? null : maxParts;
        return directSql.getPartitions(dbName, tblName, max);
      }
      @Override
      protected List getJdoResult(
          GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        return convertToParts(listMPartitions(dbName, tblName, maxParts));
      }
    }.run(false);
  }

  @Override
  public List getPartitionsWithAuth(String dbName, String tblName,
      short max, String userName, List groupNames)
      throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException, InvalidObjectException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      List mparts = listMPartitions(dbName, tblName, max);
      List parts = new ArrayList(mparts.size());
      if (mparts != null && mparts.size()>0) {
        for (MPartition mpart : mparts) {
          MTable mtbl = mpart.getTable();
          Partition part = convertToPart(mpart);
          parts.add(part);

          if ("TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase(mtbl.getParameters().get("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"))) {
            String partName = Warehouse.makePartName(this.convertToFieldSchemas(mtbl
                .getPartitionKeys()), part.getValues());
            PrincipalPrivilegeSet partAuth = this.getPartitionPrivilegeSet(dbName,
                tblName, partName, userName, groupNames);
            part.setPrivileges(partAuth);
          }
        }
      }
      success =  commitTransaction();
      return parts;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public Partition getPartitionWithAuth(String dbName, String tblName,
      List partVals, String user_name, List group_names)
      throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException, InvalidObjectException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MPartition mpart = getMPartition(dbName, tblName, partVals);
      if (mpart == null) {
        commitTransaction();
        throw new NoSuchObjectException("partition values="
            + partVals.toString());
      }
      Partition part = null;
      MTable mtbl = mpart.getTable();
      part = convertToPart(mpart);
      if ("TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase(mtbl.getParameters().get("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"))) {
        String partName = Warehouse.makePartName(this.convertToFieldSchemas(mtbl
            .getPartitionKeys()), partVals);
        PrincipalPrivilegeSet partAuth = this.getPartitionPrivilegeSet(dbName,
            tblName, partName, user_name, group_names);
        part.setPrivileges(partAuth);
      }

      success = commitTransaction();
      return part;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }


  private List convertToParts(List mparts) throws MetaException {
    return convertToParts(mparts, null);
  }

  private List convertToParts(List src, List dest)
      throws MetaException {
    if (src == null) {
      return dest;
    }
    if (dest == null) {
      dest = new ArrayList(src.size());
    }
    for (MPartition mp : src) {
      dest.add(convertToPart(mp));
      Deadline.checkTimeout();
    }
    return dest;
  }

  private List convertToParts(String dbName, String tblName, List mparts)
      throws MetaException {
    List parts = new ArrayList(mparts.size());
    for (MPartition mp : mparts) {
      parts.add(convertToPart(dbName, tblName, mp));
      Deadline.checkTimeout();
    }
    return parts;
  }

  // TODO:pc implement max
  @Override
  public List listPartitionNames(String dbName, String tableName,
      short max) throws MetaException {
    List pns = null;
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing getPartitionNames");
      pns = getPartitionNamesNoTxn(dbName, tableName, max);
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return pns;
  }

  private List getPartitionNamesNoTxn(String dbName, String tableName, short max) {
    List pns = new ArrayList();
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    Query q = pm.newQuery(
        "select partitionName from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartition "
        + "where table.database.name == t1 && table.tableName == t2 "
        + "order by partitionName asc");
    q.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
    q.setResult("partitionName");

    if(max > 0) {
      q.setRange(0, max);
    }
    Collection names = (Collection) q.execute(dbName, tableName);
    for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
      pns.add((String) i.next());
    }
    return pns;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves a Collection of partition-related results from the database that match
   *  the partial specification given for a specific table.
   * @param dbName the name of the database
   * @param tableName the name of the table
   * @param part_vals the partial specification values
   * @param max_parts the maximum number of partitions to return
   * @param resultsCol the metadata column of the data to return, e.g. partitionName, etc.
   *        if resultsCol is empty or null, a collection of MPartition objects is returned
   * @throws NoSuchObjectException
   * @results A Collection of partition-related items from the db that match the partial spec
   *          for a table.  The type of each item in the collection corresponds to the column
   *          you want results for.  E.g., if resultsCol is partitionName, the Collection
   *          has types of String, and if resultsCol is null, the types are MPartition.
   */
  private Collection getPartitionPsQueryResults(String dbName, String tableName,
      List part_vals, short max_parts, String resultsCol)
      throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    Table table = getTable(dbName, tableName);

    if (table == null) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException(dbName + "." + tableName + " table not found");
    }

    List partCols = table.getPartitionKeys();
    int numPartKeys = partCols.size();
    if (part_vals.size() > numPartKeys) {
      throw new MetaException("Incorrect number of partition values");
    }

    partCols = partCols.subList(0, part_vals.size());
    //Construct a pattern of the form: partKey=partVal/partKey2=partVal2/...
    // where partVal is either the escaped partition value given as input,
    // or a regex of the form ".*"
    //This works because the "=" and "/" separating key names and partition key/values
    // are not escaped.
    String partNameMatcher = Warehouse.makePartName(partCols, part_vals, ".*");
    //add ".*" to the regex to match anything else afterwards the partial spec.
    if (part_vals.size() < numPartKeys) {
      partNameMatcher += ".*";
    }

    Query q = pm.newQuery(MPartition.class);
    StringBuilder queryFilter = new StringBuilder("table.database.name == dbName");
    queryFilter.append(" && table.tableName == tableName");
    queryFilter.append(" && partitionName.matches(partialRegex)");
    q.setFilter(queryFilter.toString());
    q.declareParameters("java.lang.String dbName, " +
        "java.lang.String tableName, java.lang.String partialRegex");

    if( max_parts >= 0 ) {
      //User specified a row limit, set it on the Query
      q.setRange(0, max_parts);
    }
    if (resultsCol != null && !resultsCol.isEmpty()) {
      q.setResult(resultsCol);
    }

    return (Collection) q.execute(dbName, tableName, partNameMatcher);
  }

  @Override
  public List listPartitionsPsWithAuth(String db_name, String tbl_name,
      List part_vals, short max_parts, String userName, List groupNames)
      throws MetaException, InvalidObjectException, NoSuchObjectException {
    List partitions = new ArrayList();
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("executing listPartitionNamesPsWithAuth");
      Collection parts = getPartitionPsQueryResults(db_name, tbl_name,
          part_vals, max_parts, null);
      MTable mtbl = getMTable(db_name, tbl_name);
      for (Object o : parts) {
        Partition part = convertToPart((MPartition) o);
        //set auth privileges
        if (null != userName && null != groupNames &&
            "TRUE".equalsIgnoreCase(mtbl.getParameters().get("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"))) {
          String partName = Warehouse.makePartName(this.convertToFieldSchemas(mtbl
              .getPartitionKeys()), part.getValues());
          PrincipalPrivilegeSet partAuth = getPartitionPrivilegeSet(db_name,
              tbl_name, partName, userName, groupNames);
          part.setPrivileges(partAuth);
        }
        partitions.add(part);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return partitions;
  }

  @Override
  public List listPartitionNamesPs(String dbName, String tableName,
      List part_vals, short max_parts) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    List partitionNames = new ArrayList();
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPartitionNamesPs");
      Collection names = getPartitionPsQueryResults(dbName, tableName,
          part_vals, max_parts, "partitionName");
      for (Object o : names) {
        partitionNames.add((String) o);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return partitionNames;
  }

  // TODO:pc implement max
  private List listMPartitions(String dbName, String tableName,
      int max) {

    boolean success = false;
    List mparts = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listMPartitions");
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartition.class,
          "table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      query.setOrdering("partitionName ascending");
      if(max > 0) {
        query.setRange(0, max);
      }
      mparts = (List) query.execute(tableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listMPartitions");
      pm.retrieveAll(mparts);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listMPartitions " + mparts);
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mparts;
  }

  @Override
  public List getPartitionsByNames(String dbName, String tblName,
      List partNames) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return getPartitionsByNamesInternal(dbName, tblName, partNames, true, true);
  }

  protected List getPartitionsByNamesInternal(String dbName, String tblName,
      final List partNames, boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo)
          throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return new GetListHelper(dbName, tblName, allowSql, allowJdo) {
      @Override
      protected List getSqlResult(GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException {
        return directSql.getPartitionsViaSqlFilter(dbName, tblName, partNames);
      }
      @Override
      protected List getJdoResult(
          GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        return getPartitionsViaOrmFilter(dbName, tblName, partNames);
      }
    }.run(false);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean getPartitionsByExpr(String dbName, String tblName, byte[] expr,
      String defaultPartitionName, short maxParts, List result) throws TException {
    return getPartitionsByExprInternal(
        dbName, tblName, expr, defaultPartitionName, maxParts, result, true, true);
  }

  protected boolean getPartitionsByExprInternal(String dbName, String tblName, final byte[] expr,
      final String defaultPartitionName, final  short maxParts, List result,
      boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo) throws TException {
    assert result != null;

    // We will try pushdown first, so make the filter. This will also validate the expression,
    // if serialization fails we will throw incompatible metastore error to the client.
    String filter = null;
    try {
      filter = expressionProxy.convertExprToFilter(expr);
    } catch (MetaException ex) {
      throw new IMetaStoreClient.IncompatibleMetastoreException(ex.getMessage());
    }

    // Make a tree out of the filter.
    // TODO: this is all pretty ugly. The only reason we need all these transformations
    //       is to maintain support for simple filters for HCat users that query metastore.
    //       If forcing everyone to use thick client is out of the question, maybe we could
    //       parse the filter into standard hive expressions and not all this separate tree
    //       Filter.g stuff. That way this method and ...ByFilter would just be merged.
    final ExpressionTree exprTree = makeExpressionTree(filter);

    final AtomicBoolean hasUnknownPartitions = new AtomicBoolean(false);
    result.addAll(new GetListHelper(dbName, tblName, allowSql, allowJdo) {
      @Override
      protected List getSqlResult(GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException {
        // If we have some sort of expression tree, try SQL filter pushdown.
        List result = null;
        if (exprTree != null) {
          result = directSql.getPartitionsViaSqlFilter(ctx.getTable(), exprTree, null);
        }
        if (result == null) {
          // We couldn't do SQL filter pushdown. Get names via normal means.
          List partNames = new LinkedList();
          hasUnknownPartitions.set(getPartitionNamesPrunedByExprNoTxn(
              ctx.getTable(), expr, defaultPartitionName, maxParts, partNames));
          result = directSql.getPartitionsViaSqlFilter(dbName, tblName, partNames);
        }
        return result;
      }
      @Override
      protected List getJdoResult(
          GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        // If we have some sort of expression tree, try JDOQL filter pushdown.
        List result = null;
        if (exprTree != null) {
          result = getPartitionsViaOrmFilter(ctx.getTable(), exprTree, maxParts, false);
        }
        if (result == null) {
          // We couldn't do JDOQL filter pushdown. Get names via normal means.
          List partNames = new ArrayList();
          hasUnknownPartitions.set(getPartitionNamesPrunedByExprNoTxn(
              ctx.getTable(), expr, defaultPartitionName, maxParts, partNames));
          result = getPartitionsViaOrmFilter(dbName, tblName, partNames);
        }
        return result;
      }
    }.run(true));
    return hasUnknownPartitions.get();
  }

  private class LikeChecker extends ExpressionTree.TreeVisitor {
    private boolean hasLike;

    public boolean hasLike() {
      return hasLike;
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean shouldStop() {
      return hasLike;
    }

    @Override
    protected void visit(LeafNode node) throws MetaException {
      hasLike = hasLike || (node.operator == Operator.LIKE);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Makes expression tree out of expr.
   * @param filter Filter.
   * @return Expression tree. Null if there was an error.
   */
  private ExpressionTree makeExpressionTree(String filter) throws MetaException {
    // TODO: ExprNodeDesc is an expression tree, we could just use that and be rid of Filter.g.
    if (filter == null || filter.isEmpty()) {
      return ExpressionTree.EMPTY_TREE;
    }
    LOG.debug("Filter specified is " + filter);
    ExpressionTree tree = null;
    try {
      tree = getFilterParser(filter).tree;
    } catch (MetaException ex) {
      LOG.info("Unable to make the expression tree from expression string ["
          + filter + "]" + ex.getMessage()); // Don't log the stack, this is normal.
    }
    if (tree == null) {
      return null;
    }
    // We suspect that LIKE pushdown into JDO is invalid; see HIVE-5134. Check for like here.
    LikeChecker lc = new LikeChecker();
    tree.accept(lc);
    return lc.hasLike() ? null : tree;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the partition names from a table, pruned using an expression.
   * @param table Table.
   * @param expr Expression.
   * @param defaultPartName Default partition name from job config, if any.
   * @param maxParts Maximum number of partition names to return.
   * @param result The resulting names.
   * @return Whether the result contains any unknown partitions.
   */
  private boolean getPartitionNamesPrunedByExprNoTxn(Table table, byte[] expr,
      String defaultPartName, short maxParts, List result) throws MetaException {
    result.addAll(getPartitionNamesNoTxn(
        table.getDbName(), table.getTableName(), maxParts));
    List columnNames = new ArrayList();
    List typeInfos = new ArrayList();
    for (FieldSchema fs : table.getPartitionKeys()) {
      columnNames.add(fs.getName());
      typeInfos.add(TypeInfoFactory.getPrimitiveTypeInfo(fs.getType()));
    }
    if (defaultPartName == null || defaultPartName.isEmpty()) {
      defaultPartName = HiveConf.getVar(getConf(), HiveConf.ConfVars.DEFAULTPARTITIONNAME);
    }
    return expressionProxy.filterPartitionsByExpr(
        columnNames, typeInfos, expr, defaultPartName, result);
  }

  /**
   * Gets partition names from the table via ORM (JDOQL) filter pushdown.
   * @param table The table.
   * @param tree The expression tree from which JDOQL filter will be made.
   * @param maxParts Maximum number of partitions to return.
   * @param isValidatedFilter Whether the filter was pre-validated for JDOQL pushdown by a client
   *   (old hive client or non-hive one); if it was and we fail to create a filter, we will throw.
   * @return Resulting partitions. Can be null if isValidatedFilter is false, and
   *         there was error deriving the JDO filter.
   */
  private List getPartitionsViaOrmFilter(Table table, ExpressionTree tree,
      short maxParts, boolean isValidatedFilter) throws MetaException {
    Map params = new HashMap();
    String jdoFilter = makeQueryFilterString(
        table.getDbName(), table, tree, params, isValidatedFilter);
    if (jdoFilter == null) {
      assert !isValidatedFilter;
      return null;
    }
    Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartition.class, jdoFilter);
    if (maxParts >= 0) {
      // User specified a row limit, set it on the Query
      query.setRange(0, maxParts);
    }

    String parameterDeclaration = makeParameterDeclarationStringObj(params);
    query.declareParameters(parameterDeclaration);
    query.setOrdering("partitionName ascending");

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    List mparts = (List) query.executeWithMap(params);

    LOG.debug("Done executing query for getPartitionsViaOrmFilter");
    pm.retrieveAll(mparts); // TODO: why is this inconsistent with what we get by names?
    LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for getPartitionsViaOrmFilter");
    List results = convertToParts(mparts);
    query.closeAll();
    return results;
  }

  private static class Out {
    public T val;
  }

  /**
   * Gets partition names from the table via ORM (JDOQL) name filter.
   * @param dbName Database name.
   * @param tblName Table name.
   * @param partNames Partition names to get the objects for.
   * @return Resulting partitions.
   */
  private List getPartitionsViaOrmFilter(
      String dbName, String tblName, List partNames) throws MetaException {
    if (partNames.isEmpty()) {
      return new ArrayList();
    }
    Out query = new Out();
    List mparts = null;
    try {
      mparts = getMPartitionsViaOrmFilter(dbName, tblName, partNames, query);
      return convertToParts(dbName, tblName, mparts);
    } finally {
      if (query.val != null) {
        query.val.closeAll();
      }
    }
  }

  private void dropPartitionsNoTxn(String dbName, String tblName, List partNames) {
    ObjectPair> queryWithParams =
        getPartQueryWithParams(dbName, tblName, partNames);
    Query query = queryWithParams.getFirst();
    query.setClass(MPartition.class);
    long deleted = query.deletePersistentAll(queryWithParams.getSecond());
    LOG.debug("Deleted " + deleted + " partition from store");
    query.closeAll();
  }

  /**
   * Detaches column descriptors from storage descriptors; returns the set of unique CDs
   * thus detached. This is done before dropping partitions because CDs are reused between
   * SDs; so, we remove the links to delete SDs and then check the returned CDs to see if
   * they are referenced by other SDs.
   */
  private HashSet detachCdsFromSdsNoTxn(
      String dbName, String tblName, List partNames) {
    ObjectPair> queryWithParams =
        getPartQueryWithParams(dbName, tblName, partNames);
    Query query = queryWithParams.getFirst();
    query.setClass(MPartition.class);
    query.setResult("sd");
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    List sds = (List)query.executeWithMap(
        queryWithParams.getSecond());
    HashSet candidateCds = new HashSet();
    for (MStorageDescriptor sd : sds) {
      if (sd != null && sd.getCD() != null) {
        candidateCds.add(sd.getCD());
        sd.setCD(null);
      }
    }
    return candidateCds;
  }

  private List getMPartitionsViaOrmFilter(String dbName,
      String tblName, List partNames, Out out) {
    ObjectPair> queryWithParams =
        getPartQueryWithParams(dbName, tblName, partNames);
    Query query = out.val = queryWithParams.getFirst();
    query.setResultClass(MPartition.class);
    query.setClass(MPartition.class);
    query.setOrdering("partitionName ascending");

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    List result = (List)query.executeWithMap(queryWithParams.getSecond());
    return result;
  }

  private ObjectPair> getPartQueryWithParams(
      String dbName, String tblName, List partNames) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(
        "table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2 && (");
    int n = 0;
    Map params = new HashMap();
    for (Iterator itr = partNames.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {
      String pn = "p" + n;
      n++;
      String part = itr.next();
      params.put(pn, part);
      sb.append("partitionName == ").append(pn);
      sb.append(" || ");
    }
    sb.setLength(sb.length() - 4); // remove the last " || "
    sb.append(')');

    Query query = pm.newQuery();
    query.setFilter(sb.toString());

    LOG.debug(" JDOQL filter is " + sb.toString());
    params.put("t1", HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tblName));
    params.put("t2", HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName));

    query.declareParameters(makeParameterDeclarationString(params));
    return new ObjectPair>(query, params);
  }

  @Override
  public List getPartitionsByFilter(String dbName, String tblName,
      String filter, short maxParts) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return getPartitionsByFilterInternal(dbName, tblName, filter, maxParts, true, true);
  }

  /** Helper class for getting stuff w/transaction, direct SQL, perf logging, etc. */
  private abstract class GetHelper {
    private final boolean isInTxn, doTrace, allowJdo;
    private boolean doUseDirectSql;
    private long start;
    private Table table;
    protected final String dbName, tblName;
    private boolean success = false;
    protected T results = null;

    public GetHelper(String dbName, String tblName, boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo)
        throws MetaException {
      assert allowSql || allowJdo;
      this.allowJdo = allowJdo;
      this.dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      if (tblName != null){
        this.tblName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tblName);
      } else {
        // tblName can be null in cases of Helper being used at a higher
        // abstraction level, such as with datbases
        this.tblName = null;
        this.table = null;
      }
      this.doTrace = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
      this.isInTxn = isActiveTransaction();

      // SQL usage inside a larger transaction (e.g. droptable) may not be desirable because
      // some databases (e.g. Postgres) abort the entire transaction when any query fails, so
      // the fallback from failed SQL to JDO is not possible.
      boolean isConfigEnabled = HiveConf.getBoolVar(getConf(), ConfVars.METASTORE_TRY_DIRECT_SQL)
          && (HiveConf.getBoolVar(getConf(), ConfVars.METASTORE_TRY_DIRECT_SQL_DDL) || !isInTxn);
      if (!allowJdo && isConfigEnabled && !directSql.isCompatibleDatastore()) {
        throw new MetaException("SQL is not operational"); // test path; SQL is enabled and broken.
      }
      this.doUseDirectSql = allowSql && isConfigEnabled && directSql.isCompatibleDatastore();
    }

    protected abstract String describeResult();
    protected abstract T getSqlResult(GetHelper ctx) throws MetaException;
    protected abstract T getJdoResult(
        GetHelper ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException;

    public T run(boolean initTable) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
      try {
        start(initTable);
        if (doUseDirectSql) {
          try {
            setResult(getSqlResult(this));
          } catch (Exception ex) {
            handleDirectSqlError(ex);
          }
        }
        if (!doUseDirectSql) {
          setResult(getJdoResult(this));
        }
        return commit();
      } catch (NoSuchObjectException ex) {
        throw ex;
      } catch (MetaException ex) {
        throw ex;
      } catch (Exception ex) {
        LOG.error("", ex);
        throw new MetaException(ex.getMessage());
      } finally {
        close();
      }
    }

    private void start(boolean initTable) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
      start = doTrace ? System.nanoTime() : 0;
      openTransaction();
      if (initTable && (tblName != null)) {
        table = ensureGetTable(dbName, tblName);
      }
    }

    private boolean setResult(T results) {
      this.results = results;
      return this.results != null;
    }

    private void handleDirectSqlError(Exception ex) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
      LOG.warn("Direct SQL failed" + (allowJdo ? ", falling back to ORM" : ""), ex);
      if (!allowJdo) {
        if (ex instanceof MetaException) {
          throw (MetaException)ex;
        }
        throw new MetaException(ex.getMessage());
      }
      if (!isInTxn) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        start = doTrace ? System.nanoTime() : 0;
        openTransaction();
        if (table != null) {
          table = ensureGetTable(dbName, tblName);
        }
      } else {
        start = doTrace ? System.nanoTime() : 0;
      }
      doUseDirectSql = false;
    }

    public void disableDirectSql() {
      this.doUseDirectSql = false;
    }

    private T commit() {
      success = commitTransaction();
      if (doTrace) {
        LOG.debug(describeResult() + " retrieved using " + (doUseDirectSql ? "SQL" : "ORM")
            + " in " + ((System.nanoTime() - start) / 1000000.0) + "ms");
      }
      return results;
    }

    private void close() {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }

    public Table getTable() {
      return table;
    }
  }

  private abstract class GetListHelper extends GetHelper> {
    public GetListHelper(
        String dbName, String tblName, boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo) throws MetaException {
      super(dbName, tblName, allowSql, allowJdo);
    }

    @Override
    protected String describeResult() {
      return results.size() + " entries";
    }
  }

  private abstract class GetDbHelper extends GetHelper {
    /**
     * GetHelper for returning db info using directSql/JDO.
     * Since this is a db-level call, tblName is ignored, and null is passed irrespective of what is passed in.
     * @param dbName The Database Name
     * @param tblName Placeholder param to match signature, always ignored.
     * @param allowSql Whether or not we allow DirectSQL to perform this query.
     * @param allowJdo Whether or not we allow ORM to perform this query.
     * @throws MetaException
     */
    public GetDbHelper(
        String dbName, String tblName, boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo) throws MetaException {
      super(dbName,null,allowSql,allowJdo);
    }

    @Override
    protected String describeResult() {
      return "db details for db " + dbName;
    }
  }

  private abstract class GetStatHelper extends GetHelper {
    public GetStatHelper(
        String dbName, String tblName, boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo) throws MetaException {
      super(dbName, tblName, allowSql, allowJdo);
    }

    @Override
    protected String describeResult() {
      return "statistics for " + (results == null ? 0 : results.getStatsObjSize()) + " columns";
    }
  }

  protected List getPartitionsByFilterInternal(String dbName, String tblName,
      String filter, final short maxParts, boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo)
      throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    final ExpressionTree tree = (filter != null && !filter.isEmpty())
        ? getFilterParser(filter).tree : ExpressionTree.EMPTY_TREE;

    return new GetListHelper(dbName, tblName, allowSql, allowJdo) {
      @Override
      protected List getSqlResult(GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException {
        List parts = directSql.getPartitionsViaSqlFilter(
            ctx.getTable(), tree, (maxParts < 0) ? null : (int)maxParts);
        if (parts == null) {
          // Cannot push down SQL filter. The message has been logged internally.
          // This is not an error so don't roll back, just go to JDO.
          ctx.disableDirectSql();
        }
        return parts;
      }
      @Override
      protected List getJdoResult(
          GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        return getPartitionsViaOrmFilter(ctx.getTable(), tree, maxParts, true);
      }
    }.run(true);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the table object for a given table, throws if anything goes wrong.
   * @param dbName Database name.
   * @param tblName Table name.
   * @return Table object.
   */
  private MTable ensureGetMTable(
      String dbName, String tblName) throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException {
    MTable mtable = getMTable(dbName, tblName);
    if (mtable == null) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException("Specified database/table does not exist : "
          + dbName + "." + tblName);
    }
    return mtable;
  }

  private Table ensureGetTable(
      String dbName, String tblName) throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException {
    return convertToTable(ensureGetMTable(dbName, tblName));
  }

  private FilterParser getFilterParser(String filter) throws MetaException {
    FilterLexer lexer = new FilterLexer(new ANTLRNoCaseStringStream(filter));
    CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);

    FilterParser parser = new FilterParser(tokens);
    try {
      parser.filter();
    } catch(RecognitionException re) {
      throw new MetaException("Error parsing partition filter; lexer error: "
          + lexer.errorMsg + "; exception " + re);
    }

    if (lexer.errorMsg != null) {
      throw new MetaException("Error parsing partition filter : " + lexer.errorMsg);
    }
    return parser;
  }

  /**
   * Makes a JDO query filter string.
   * Makes a JDO query filter string for tables or partitions.
   * @param dbName Database name.
   * @param mtable Table. If null, the query returned is over tables in a database.
   *   If not null, the query returned is over partitions in a table.
   * @param filter The filter from which JDOQL filter will be made.
   * @param params Parameters for the filter. Some parameters may be added here.
   * @return Resulting filter.
   */
  private String makeQueryFilterString(String dbName, MTable mtable, String filter,
      Map params) throws MetaException {
    ExpressionTree tree = (filter != null && !filter.isEmpty())
        ? getFilterParser(filter).tree : ExpressionTree.EMPTY_TREE;
    return makeQueryFilterString(dbName, convertToTable(mtable), tree, params, true);
  }

  /**
   * Makes a JDO query filter string for tables or partitions.
   * @param dbName Database name.
   * @param table Table. If null, the query returned is over tables in a database.
   *   If not null, the query returned is over partitions in a table.
   * @param tree The expression tree from which JDOQL filter will be made.
   * @param params Parameters for the filter. Some parameters may be added here.
   * @param isValidatedFilter Whether the filter was pre-validated for JDOQL pushdown
   *   by the client; if it was and we fail to create a filter, we will throw.
   * @return Resulting filter. Can be null if isValidatedFilter is false, and there was error.
   */
  private String makeQueryFilterString(String dbName, Table table, ExpressionTree tree,
      Map params, boolean isValidatedFilter) throws MetaException {
    assert tree != null;
    FilterBuilder queryBuilder = new FilterBuilder(isValidatedFilter);
    if (table != null) {
      queryBuilder.append("table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2");
      params.put("t1", table.getTableName());
      params.put("t2", table.getDbName());
    } else {
      queryBuilder.append("database.name == dbName");
      params.put("dbName", dbName);
    }

    tree.generateJDOFilterFragment(getConf(), table, params, queryBuilder);
    if (queryBuilder.hasError()) {
      assert !isValidatedFilter;
      LOG.info("JDO filter pushdown cannot be used: " + queryBuilder.getErrorMessage());
      return null;
    }
    String jdoFilter = queryBuilder.getFilter();
    LOG.debug("jdoFilter = " + jdoFilter);
    return jdoFilter;
  }

  private String makeParameterDeclarationString(Map params) {
    //Create the parameter declaration string
    StringBuilder paramDecl = new StringBuilder();
    for (String key : params.keySet()) {
      paramDecl.append(", java.lang.String " + key);
    }
    return paramDecl.toString();
  }

  private String makeParameterDeclarationStringObj(Map params) {
    //Create the parameter declaration string
    StringBuilder paramDecl = new StringBuilder();
    for (Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
      paramDecl.append(", ");
      paramDecl.append(entry.getValue().getClass().getName());
      paramDecl.append(" ");
      paramDecl.append(entry.getKey());
    }
    return paramDecl.toString();
  }

  @Override
  public List listTableNamesByFilter(String dbName, String filter, short maxTables)
      throws MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    List tableNames = new ArrayList();
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listTableNamesByFilter");
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      Map params = new HashMap();
      String queryFilterString = makeQueryFilterString(dbName, null, filter, params);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTable.class);
      query.declareImports("import java.lang.String");
      query.setResult("tableName");
      query.setResultClass(java.lang.String.class);
      if (maxTables >= 0) {
        query.setRange(0, maxTables);
      }
      LOG.debug("filter specified is " + filter + "," + " JDOQL filter is " + queryFilterString);
      for (Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
        LOG.debug("key: " + entry.getKey() + " value: " + entry.getValue() +
            " class: " + entry.getValue().getClass().getName());
      }
      String parameterDeclaration = makeParameterDeclarationStringObj(params);
      query.declareParameters(parameterDeclaration);
      query.setFilter(queryFilterString);
      Collection names = (Collection) query.executeWithMap(params);
      //have to emulate "distinct", otherwise tables with the same name may be returned
      Set tableNamesSet = new HashSet();
      for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        tableNamesSet.add((String) i.next());
      }
      tableNames = new ArrayList(tableNamesSet);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listTableNamesByFilter");
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listTableNamesByFilter");

    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return tableNames;
  }

  @Override
  public List listPartitionNamesByFilter(String dbName, String tableName,
      String filter, short maxParts) throws MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    List partNames = new ArrayList();
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listMPartitionNamesByFilter");
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);

      MTable mtable = getMTable(dbName, tableName);
      if( mtable == null ) {
        // To be consistent with the behavior of listPartitionNames, if the
        // table or db does not exist, we return an empty list
        return partNames;
      }
      Map params = new HashMap();
      String queryFilterString = makeQueryFilterString(dbName, mtable, filter, params);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(
          "select partitionName from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartition "
          + "where " + queryFilterString);

      if( maxParts >= 0 ) {
        //User specified a row limit, set it on the Query
        query.setRange(0, maxParts);
      }

      LOG.debug("Filter specified is " + filter + "," +
          " JDOQL filter is " + queryFilterString);
      LOG.debug("Parms is " + params);

      String parameterDeclaration = makeParameterDeclarationStringObj(params);
      query.declareParameters(parameterDeclaration);
      query.setOrdering("partitionName ascending");
      query.setResult("partitionName");

      Collection names = (Collection) query.executeWithMap(params);
      partNames = new ArrayList();
      for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        partNames.add((String) i.next());
      }

      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listMPartitionNamesByFilter");
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listMPartitionNamesByFilter");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return partNames;
  }

  @Override
  public void alterTable(String dbname, String name, Table newTable)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      name = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(name);
      dbname = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbname);
      MTable newt = convertToMTable(newTable);
      if (newt == null) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("new table is invalid");
      }

      MTable oldt = getMTable(dbname, name);
      if (oldt == null) {
        throw new MetaException("table " + name + " doesn't exist");
      }

      // For now only alter name, owner, parameters, cols, bucketcols are allowed
      oldt.setDatabase(newt.getDatabase());
      oldt.setTableName(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(newt.getTableName()));
      oldt.setParameters(newt.getParameters());
      oldt.setOwner(newt.getOwner());
      // Fully copy over the contents of the new SD into the old SD,
      // so we don't create an extra SD in the metastore db that has no references.
      copyMSD(newt.getSd(), oldt.getSd());
      oldt.setRetention(newt.getRetention());
      oldt.setPartitionKeys(newt.getPartitionKeys());
      oldt.setTableType(newt.getTableType());
      oldt.setLastAccessTime(newt.getLastAccessTime());
      oldt.setViewOriginalText(newt.getViewOriginalText());
      oldt.setViewExpandedText(newt.getViewExpandedText());

      // commit the changes
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void alterIndex(String dbname, String baseTblName, String name, Index newIndex)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      name = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(name);
      baseTblName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(baseTblName);
      dbname = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbname);
      MIndex newi = convertToMIndex(newIndex);
      if (newi == null) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("new index is invalid");
      }

      MIndex oldi = getMIndex(dbname, baseTblName, name);
      if (oldi == null) {
        throw new MetaException("index " + name + " doesn't exist");
      }

      // For now only alter parameters are allowed
      oldi.setParameters(newi.getParameters());

      // commit the changes
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private void alterPartitionNoTxn(String dbname, String name, List part_vals,
      Partition newPart) throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    name = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(name);
    dbname = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbname);
    MPartition oldp = getMPartition(dbname, name, part_vals);
    MPartition newp = convertToMPart(newPart, false);
    if (oldp == null || newp == null) {
      throw new InvalidObjectException("partition does not exist.");
    }
    oldp.setValues(newp.getValues());
    oldp.setPartitionName(newp.getPartitionName());
    oldp.setParameters(newPart.getParameters());
    if (!TableType.VIRTUAL_VIEW.name().equals(oldp.getTable().getTableType())) {
      copyMSD(newp.getSd(), oldp.getSd());
    }
    if (newp.getCreateTime() != oldp.getCreateTime()) {
      oldp.setCreateTime(newp.getCreateTime());
    }
    if (newp.getLastAccessTime() != oldp.getLastAccessTime()) {
      oldp.setLastAccessTime(newp.getLastAccessTime());
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void alterPartition(String dbname, String name, List part_vals, Partition newPart)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    Exception e = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      alterPartitionNoTxn(dbname, name, part_vals, newPart);
      // commit the changes
      success = commitTransaction();
    } catch (Exception exception) {
      e = exception;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        MetaException metaException = new MetaException(
            "The transaction for alter partition did not commit successfully.");
        if (e != null) {
          metaException.initCause(e);
        }
        throw metaException;
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void alterPartitions(String dbname, String name, List> part_vals,
      List newParts) throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    Exception e = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Iterator> part_val_itr = part_vals.iterator();
      for (Partition tmpPart: newParts) {
        List tmpPartVals = part_val_itr.next();
        alterPartitionNoTxn(dbname, name, tmpPartVals, tmpPart);
      }
      // commit the changes
      success = commitTransaction();
    } catch (Exception exception) {
      e = exception;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        MetaException metaException = new MetaException(
            "The transaction for alter partition did not commit successfully.");
        if (e != null) {
          metaException.initCause(e);
        }
        throw metaException;
      }
    }
  }

  private void copyMSD(MStorageDescriptor newSd, MStorageDescriptor oldSd) {
    oldSd.setLocation(newSd.getLocation());
    MColumnDescriptor oldCD = oldSd.getCD();
    // If the columns of the old column descriptor != the columns of the new one,
    // then change the old storage descriptor's column descriptor.
    // Convert the MFieldSchema's to their thrift object counterparts, because we maintain
    // datastore identity (i.e., identity of the model objects are managed by JDO,
    // not the application).
    if (!(oldSd != null && oldSd.getCD() != null &&
         oldSd.getCD().getCols() != null &&
         newSd != null && newSd.getCD() != null &&
         newSd.getCD().getCols() != null &&
         convertToFieldSchemas(newSd.getCD().getCols()).
         equals(convertToFieldSchemas(oldSd.getCD().getCols()))
       )) {
        oldSd.setCD(newSd.getCD());
    }

    //If oldCd does not have any more references, then we should delete it
    // from the backend db
    removeUnusedColumnDescriptor(oldCD);
    oldSd.setBucketCols(newSd.getBucketCols());
    oldSd.setCompressed(newSd.isCompressed());
    oldSd.setInputFormat(newSd.getInputFormat());
    oldSd.setOutputFormat(newSd.getOutputFormat());
    oldSd.setNumBuckets(newSd.getNumBuckets());
    oldSd.getSerDeInfo().setName(newSd.getSerDeInfo().getName());
    oldSd.getSerDeInfo().setSerializationLib(
        newSd.getSerDeInfo().getSerializationLib());
    oldSd.getSerDeInfo().setParameters(newSd.getSerDeInfo().getParameters());
    oldSd.setSkewedColNames(newSd.getSkewedColNames());
    oldSd.setSkewedColValues(newSd.getSkewedColValues());
    oldSd.setSkewedColValueLocationMaps(newSd.getSkewedColValueLocationMaps());
    oldSd.setSortCols(newSd.getSortCols());
    oldSd.setParameters(newSd.getParameters());
    oldSd.setStoredAsSubDirectories(newSd.isStoredAsSubDirectories());
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a column descriptor has any remaining references by storage descriptors
   * in the db.  If it does not, then delete the CD.  If it does, then do nothing.
   * @param oldCD the column descriptor to delete if it is no longer referenced anywhere
   */
  private void removeUnusedColumnDescriptor(MColumnDescriptor oldCD) {
    if (oldCD == null) {
      return;
    }

    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("execute removeUnusedColumnDescriptor");
      List referencedSDs = listStorageDescriptorsWithCD(oldCD, 1);
      //if no other SD references this CD, we can throw it out.
      if (referencedSDs != null && referencedSDs.isEmpty()) {
        pm.retrieve(oldCD);
        pm.deletePersistent(oldCD);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("successfully deleted a CD in removeUnusedColumnDescriptor");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Called right before an action that would drop a storage descriptor.
   * This function makes the SD's reference to a CD null, and then deletes the CD
   * if it no longer is referenced in the table.
   * @param msd the storage descriptor to drop
   */
  private void preDropStorageDescriptor(MStorageDescriptor msd) {
    if (msd == null || msd.getCD() == null) {
      return;
    }

    MColumnDescriptor mcd = msd.getCD();
    // Because there is a 1-N relationship between CDs and SDs,
    // we must set the SD's CD to null first before dropping the storage descriptor
    // to satisfy foreign key constraints.
    msd.setCD(null);
    removeUnusedColumnDescriptor(mcd);
  }

  /**
   * Get a list of storage descriptors that reference a particular Column Descriptor
   * @param oldCD the column descriptor to get storage descriptors for
   * @param maxSDs the maximum number of SDs to return
   * @return a list of storage descriptors
   */
  private List listStorageDescriptorsWithCD(MColumnDescriptor oldCD,
      long maxSDs) {
    boolean success = false;
    List sds = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listStorageDescriptorsWithCD");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MStorageDescriptor.class,
          "this.cd == inCD");
      query.declareParameters("MColumnDescriptor inCD");
      if(maxSDs >= 0) {
        //User specified a row limit, set it on the Query
        query.setRange(0, maxSDs);
      }
      sds = (List) query.execute(oldCD);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listStorageDescriptorsWithCD");
      pm.retrieveAll(sds);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listStorageDescriptorsWithCD");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return sds;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean addIndex(Index index) throws InvalidObjectException,
      MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MIndex idx = convertToMIndex(index);
      pm.makePersistent(idx);
      commited = commitTransaction();
      return true;
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        return false;
      }
    }
  }

  private MIndex convertToMIndex(Index index) throws InvalidObjectException,
      MetaException {

    StorageDescriptor sd = index.getSd();
    if (sd == null) {
      throw new InvalidObjectException("Storage descriptor is not defined for index.");
    }

    MStorageDescriptor msd = this.convertToMStorageDescriptor(sd);
    MTable origTable = getMTable(index.getDbName(), index.getOrigTableName());
    if (origTable == null) {
      throw new InvalidObjectException(
          "Original table does not exist for the given index.");
    }

    String[] qualified = MetaStoreUtils.getQualifiedName(index.getDbName(), index.getIndexTableName());
    MTable indexTable = getMTable(qualified[0], qualified[1]);
    if (indexTable == null) {
      throw new InvalidObjectException(
          "Underlying index table does not exist for the given index.");
    }

    return new MIndex(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(index.getIndexName()), origTable, index.getCreateTime(),
        index.getLastAccessTime(), index.getParameters(), indexTable, msd,
        index.getIndexHandlerClass(), index.isDeferredRebuild());
  }

  @Override
  public boolean dropIndex(String dbName, String origTableName, String indexName)
      throws MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MIndex index = getMIndex(dbName, origTableName, indexName);
      if (index != null) {
        pm.deletePersistent(index);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  private MIndex getMIndex(String dbName, String originalTblName, String indexName) throws MetaException {
    MIndex midx = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      originalTblName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(originalTblName);
      MTable mtbl = getMTable(dbName, originalTblName);
      if (mtbl == null) {
        commited = commitTransaction();
        return null;
      }

      Query query = pm.newQuery(MIndex.class,
        "origTable.tableName == t1 && origTable.database.name == t2 && indexName == t3");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3");
      query.setUnique(true);
      midx = (MIndex) query.execute(originalTblName, dbName,
          HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(indexName));
      pm.retrieve(midx);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return midx;
  }

  @Override
  public Index getIndex(String dbName, String origTableName, String indexName)
      throws MetaException {
    openTransaction();
    MIndex mIndex = this.getMIndex(dbName, origTableName, indexName);
    Index ret = convertToIndex(mIndex);
    commitTransaction();
    return ret;
  }

  private Index convertToIndex(MIndex mIndex) throws MetaException {
    if (mIndex == null) {
      return null;
    }

    MTable origTable = mIndex.getOrigTable();
    MTable indexTable = mIndex.getIndexTable();

    return new Index(
    mIndex.getIndexName(),
    mIndex.getIndexHandlerClass(),
    origTable.getDatabase().getName(),
    origTable.getTableName(),
    mIndex.getCreateTime(),
    mIndex.getLastAccessTime(),
    indexTable.getTableName(),
    convertToStorageDescriptor(mIndex.getSd()),
    mIndex.getParameters(),
    mIndex.getDeferredRebuild());

  }

  @Override
  public List getIndexes(String dbName, String origTableName, int max)
      throws MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      List mIndexList = listMIndexes(dbName, origTableName, max);
      List indexes = new ArrayList(mIndexList.size());
      for (MIndex midx : mIndexList) {
        indexes.add(this.convertToIndex(midx));
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
      return indexes;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private List listMIndexes(String dbName, String origTableName,
      int max) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mindexes = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listMIndexes");
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      origTableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(origTableName);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MIndex.class,
          "origTable.tableName == t1 && origTable.database.name == t2");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mindexes = (List) query.execute(origTableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listMIndexes");
      pm.retrieveAll(mindexes);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listMIndexes");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mindexes;
  }

  @Override
  public List listIndexNames(String dbName, String origTableName,
      short max) throws MetaException {
    List pns = new ArrayList();
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listIndexNames");
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      origTableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(origTableName);
      Query q = pm.newQuery(
          "select indexName from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MIndex "
          + "where origTable.database.name == t1 && origTable.tableName == t2 "
          + "order by indexName asc");
      q.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      q.setResult("indexName");
      Collection names = (Collection) q.execute(dbName, origTableName);
      for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        pns.add((String) i.next());
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return pns;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean addRole(String roleName, String ownerName)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    boolean success = false;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MRole nameCheck = this.getMRole(roleName);
      if (nameCheck != null) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Role " + roleName + " already exists.");
      }
      int now = (int)(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000);
      MRole mRole = new MRole(roleName, now,
          ownerName);
      pm.makePersistent(mRole);
      commited = commitTransaction();
      success = true;
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean grantRole(Role role, String userName,
      PrincipalType principalType, String grantor, PrincipalType grantorType,
      boolean grantOption) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException,InvalidObjectException {
    boolean success = false;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MRoleMap roleMap = null;
      try {
        roleMap = this.getMSecurityUserRoleMap(userName, principalType, role
            .getRoleName());
      } catch (Exception e) {
      }
      if (roleMap != null) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Principal " + userName
            + " already has the role " + role.getRoleName());
      }
      if (principalType == PrincipalType.ROLE) {
        validateRole(userName);
      }
      MRole mRole = getMRole(role.getRoleName());
      long now = System.currentTimeMillis()/1000;
      MRoleMap roleMember = new MRoleMap(userName, principalType.toString(),
          mRole, (int) now, grantor, grantorType.toString(), grantOption);
      pm.makePersistent(roleMember);
      commited = commitTransaction();
      success = true;
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  /**
   * Verify that role with given name exists, if not throw exception
   * @param roleName
   * @throws NoSuchObjectException
   */
  private void validateRole(String roleName) throws NoSuchObjectException {
    // if grantee is a role, check if it exists
    MRole granteeRole = getMRole(roleName);
    if (granteeRole == null) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException("Role " + roleName + " does not exist");
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean revokeRole(Role role, String userName, PrincipalType principalType,
      boolean grantOption) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MRoleMap roleMember = getMSecurityUserRoleMap(userName, principalType,
          role.getRoleName());
      if (grantOption) {
        // Revoke with grant option - only remove the grant option but keep the role.
        if (roleMember.getGrantOption()) {
          roleMember.setGrantOption(false);
        } else {
          throw new MetaException("User " + userName
              + " does not have grant option with role " + role.getRoleName());
        }
      } else {
        // No grant option in revoke, remove the whole role.
        pm.deletePersistent(roleMember);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  private MRoleMap getMSecurityUserRoleMap(String userName,
      PrincipalType principalType, String roleName) {
    MRoleMap mRoleMember = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MRoleMap.class, "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2 && role.roleName == t3");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3");
      query.setUnique(true);
      mRoleMember = (MRoleMap) query.executeWithArray(userName, principalType.toString(), roleName);
      pm.retrieve(mRoleMember);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mRoleMember;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean removeRole(String roleName) throws MetaException,
      NoSuchObjectException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MRole mRol = getMRole(roleName);
      pm.retrieve(mRol);
      if (mRol != null) {
        // first remove all the membership, the membership that this role has
        // been granted
        List roleMap = listRoleMembers(mRol.getRoleName());
        if (roleMap.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(roleMap);
        }
        List roleMember = listMSecurityPrincipalMembershipRole(mRol
            .getRoleName(), PrincipalType.ROLE);
        if (roleMember.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(roleMember);
        }
        // then remove all the grants
        List userGrants = listPrincipalGlobalGrants(
            mRol.getRoleName(), PrincipalType.ROLE);
        if (userGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(userGrants);
        }
        List dbGrants = listPrincipalAllDBGrant(mRol
            .getRoleName(), PrincipalType.ROLE);
        if (dbGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(dbGrants);
        }
        List tabPartGrants = listPrincipalAllTableGrants(
            mRol.getRoleName(), PrincipalType.ROLE);
        if (tabPartGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(tabPartGrants);
        }
        List partGrants = listPrincipalAllPartitionGrants(
            mRol.getRoleName(), PrincipalType.ROLE);
        if (partGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(partGrants);
        }
        List tblColumnGrants = listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants(
            mRol.getRoleName(), PrincipalType.ROLE);
        if (tblColumnGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(tblColumnGrants);
        }
        List partColumnGrants = listPrincipalAllPartitionColumnGrants(
            mRol.getRoleName(), PrincipalType.ROLE);
        if (partColumnGrants.size() > 0) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(partColumnGrants);
        }
        // finally remove the role
        pm.deletePersistent(mRol);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return success;
  }

  /**
   * Get all the roles in the role hierarchy that this user and groupNames belongs to
   * @param userName
   * @param groupNames
   * @return
   */
  private Set listAllRolesInHierarchy(String userName,
      List groupNames) {
    List ret = new ArrayList();
    if(userName != null) {
      ret.addAll(listRoles(userName, PrincipalType.USER));
    }
    if (groupNames != null) {
      for (String groupName: groupNames) {
        ret.addAll(listRoles(groupName, PrincipalType.GROUP));
      }
    }
    // get names of these roles and its ancestors
    Set roleNames = new HashSet();
    getAllRoleAncestors(roleNames, ret);
    return roleNames;
  }

  /**
   * Add role names of parentRoles and its parents to processedRoles
   *
   * @param processedRoleNames
   * @param parentRoles
   */
  private void getAllRoleAncestors(Set processedRoleNames, List parentRoles) {
    for (MRoleMap parentRole : parentRoles) {
      String parentRoleName = parentRole.getRole().getRoleName();
      if (!processedRoleNames.contains(parentRoleName)) {
        // unprocessed role: get its parents, add it to processed, and call this
        // function recursively
        List nextParentRoles = listRoles(parentRoleName, PrincipalType.ROLE);
        processedRoleNames.add(parentRoleName);
        getAllRoleAncestors(processedRoleNames, nextParentRoles);
      }
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public List listRoles(String principalName,
      PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mRoleMember = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listRoles");
      Query query = pm
          .newQuery(
              MRoleMap.class,
              "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
      query
          .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      query.setUnique(false);
      mRoleMember = (List) query.executeWithArray(
          principalName, principalType.toString());
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listMSecurityUserRoleMap");
      pm.retrieveAll(mRoleMember);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listMSecurityUserRoleMap");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }

    if (principalType == PrincipalType.USER) {
      // All users belong to public role implicitly, add that role
      if (mRoleMember == null) {
        mRoleMember = new ArrayList();
      } else {
        mRoleMember = new ArrayList(mRoleMember);
      }
      MRole publicRole = new MRole(HiveMetaStore.PUBLIC, 0, HiveMetaStore.PUBLIC);
      mRoleMember.add(new MRoleMap(principalName, principalType.toString(), publicRole, 0,
          null, null, false));
    }
    return mRoleMember;

  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listMSecurityPrincipalMembershipRole(final String roleName,
      final PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mRoleMemebership = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listMSecurityPrincipalMembershipRole");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MRoleMap.class,
          "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
      query
          .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mRoleMemebership = (List) query.execute(roleName, principalType.toString());
      LOG
          .debug("Done executing query for listMSecurityPrincipalMembershipRole");
      pm.retrieveAll(mRoleMemebership);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listMSecurityPrincipalMembershipRole");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mRoleMemebership;
  }

  @Override
  public Role getRole(String roleName) throws NoSuchObjectException {
    MRole mRole = this.getMRole(roleName);
    if (mRole == null) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException(roleName + " role can not be found.");
    }
    Role ret = new Role(mRole.getRoleName(), mRole.getCreateTime(), mRole
        .getOwnerName());
    return ret;
  }

  private MRole getMRole(String roleName) {
    MRole mrole = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MRole.class, "roleName == t1");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1");
      query.setUnique(true);
      mrole = (MRole) query.execute(roleName);
      pm.retrieve(mrole);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mrole;
  }

  @Override
  public List listRoleNames() {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listAllRoleNames");
      Query query = pm.newQuery("select roleName from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MRole");
      query.setResult("roleName");
      Collection names = (Collection) query.execute();
      List roleNames  = new ArrayList();
      for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        roleNames.add((String) i.next());
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
      return roleNames;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public PrincipalPrivilegeSet getUserPrivilegeSet(String userName,
      List groupNames) throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    PrincipalPrivilegeSet ret = new PrincipalPrivilegeSet();
    try {
      openTransaction();
      if (userName != null) {
        List user = this.listPrincipalGlobalGrants(userName, PrincipalType.USER);
        if(user.size()>0) {
          Map> userPriv = new HashMap>();
          List grantInfos = new ArrayList(user.size());
          for (int i = 0; i < user.size(); i++) {
            MGlobalPrivilege item = user.get(i);
            grantInfos.add(new PrivilegeGrantInfo(item.getPrivilege(), item
                .getCreateTime(), item.getGrantor(), getPrincipalTypeFromStr(item
                .getGrantorType()), item.getGrantOption()));
          }
          userPriv.put(userName, grantInfos);
          ret.setUserPrivileges(userPriv);
        }
      }
      if (groupNames != null && groupNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> groupPriv = new HashMap>();
        for(String groupName: groupNames) {
          List group = this.listPrincipalGlobalGrants(groupName, PrincipalType.GROUP);
          if(group.size()>0) {
            List grantInfos = new ArrayList(group.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < group.size(); i++) {
              MGlobalPrivilege item = group.get(i);
              grantInfos.add(new PrivilegeGrantInfo(item.getPrivilege(), item
                  .getCreateTime(), item.getGrantor(), getPrincipalTypeFromStr(item
                  .getGrantorType()), item.getGrantOption()));
            }
            groupPriv.put(groupName, grantInfos);
          }
        }
        ret.setGroupPrivileges(groupPriv);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  public List getDBPrivilege(String dbName,
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    if (principalName != null) {
      List userNameDbPriv = this.listPrincipalDBGrants(
          principalName, principalType, dbName);
      if (userNameDbPriv != null && userNameDbPriv.size() > 0) {
        List grantInfos = new ArrayList(
            userNameDbPriv.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < userNameDbPriv.size(); i++) {
          MDBPrivilege item = userNameDbPriv.get(i);
          grantInfos.add(new PrivilegeGrantInfo(item.getPrivilege(), item
              .getCreateTime(), item.getGrantor(), getPrincipalTypeFromStr(item
              .getGrantorType()), item.getGrantOption()));
        }
        return grantInfos;
      }
    }
    return new ArrayList(0);
  }


  @Override
  public PrincipalPrivilegeSet getDBPrivilegeSet(String dbName,
      String userName, List groupNames) throws InvalidObjectException,
      MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    PrincipalPrivilegeSet ret = new PrincipalPrivilegeSet();
    try {
      openTransaction();
      if (userName != null) {
        Map> dbUserPriv = new HashMap>();
        dbUserPriv.put(userName, getDBPrivilege(dbName, userName,
            PrincipalType.USER));
        ret.setUserPrivileges(dbUserPriv);
      }
      if (groupNames != null && groupNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> dbGroupPriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String groupName : groupNames) {
          dbGroupPriv.put(groupName, getDBPrivilege(dbName, groupName,
              PrincipalType.GROUP));
        }
        ret.setGroupPrivileges(dbGroupPriv);
      }
      Set roleNames = listAllRolesInHierarchy(userName, groupNames);
      if (roleNames != null && roleNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> dbRolePriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String roleName : roleNames) {
          dbRolePriv
              .put(roleName, getDBPrivilege(dbName, roleName, PrincipalType.ROLE));
        }
        ret.setRolePrivileges(dbRolePriv);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  @Override
  public PrincipalPrivilegeSet getPartitionPrivilegeSet(String dbName,
      String tableName, String partition, String userName,
      List groupNames) throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    PrincipalPrivilegeSet ret = new PrincipalPrivilegeSet();
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    try {
      openTransaction();
      if (userName != null) {
        Map> partUserPriv = new HashMap>();
        partUserPriv.put(userName, getPartitionPrivilege(dbName,
            tableName, partition, userName, PrincipalType.USER));
        ret.setUserPrivileges(partUserPriv);
      }
      if (groupNames != null && groupNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> partGroupPriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String groupName : groupNames) {
          partGroupPriv.put(groupName, getPartitionPrivilege(dbName, tableName,
              partition, groupName, PrincipalType.GROUP));
        }
        ret.setGroupPrivileges(partGroupPriv);
      }
      Set roleNames = listAllRolesInHierarchy(userName, groupNames);
      if (roleNames != null && roleNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> partRolePriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String roleName : roleNames) {
          partRolePriv.put(roleName, getPartitionPrivilege(dbName, tableName,
              partition, roleName, PrincipalType.ROLE));
        }
        ret.setRolePrivileges(partRolePriv);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  @Override
  public PrincipalPrivilegeSet getTablePrivilegeSet(String dbName,
      String tableName, String userName, List groupNames)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    PrincipalPrivilegeSet ret = new PrincipalPrivilegeSet();
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    try {
      openTransaction();
      if (userName != null) {
        Map> tableUserPriv = new HashMap>();
        tableUserPriv.put(userName, getTablePrivilege(dbName,
            tableName, userName, PrincipalType.USER));
        ret.setUserPrivileges(tableUserPriv);
      }
      if (groupNames != null && groupNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> tableGroupPriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String groupName : groupNames) {
          tableGroupPriv.put(groupName, getTablePrivilege(dbName, tableName,
              groupName, PrincipalType.GROUP));
        }
        ret.setGroupPrivileges(tableGroupPriv);
      }
      Set roleNames = listAllRolesInHierarchy(userName, groupNames);
      if (roleNames != null && roleNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> tableRolePriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String roleName : roleNames) {
          tableRolePriv.put(roleName, getTablePrivilege(dbName, tableName,
              roleName, PrincipalType.ROLE));
        }
        ret.setRolePrivileges(tableRolePriv);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  @Override
  public PrincipalPrivilegeSet getColumnPrivilegeSet(String dbName,
      String tableName, String partitionName, String columnName,
      String userName, List groupNames) throws InvalidObjectException,
      MetaException {
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    columnName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(columnName);

    boolean commited = false;
    PrincipalPrivilegeSet ret = new PrincipalPrivilegeSet();
    try {
      openTransaction();
      if (userName != null) {
        Map> columnUserPriv = new HashMap>();
        columnUserPriv.put(userName, getColumnPrivilege(dbName, tableName,
            columnName, partitionName, userName, PrincipalType.USER));
        ret.setUserPrivileges(columnUserPriv);
      }
      if (groupNames != null && groupNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> columnGroupPriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String groupName : groupNames) {
          columnGroupPriv.put(groupName, getColumnPrivilege(dbName, tableName,
              columnName, partitionName, groupName, PrincipalType.GROUP));
        }
        ret.setGroupPrivileges(columnGroupPriv);
      }
      Set roleNames = listAllRolesInHierarchy(userName, groupNames);
      if (roleNames != null && roleNames.size() > 0) {
        Map> columnRolePriv = new HashMap>();
        for (String roleName : roleNames) {
          columnRolePriv.put(roleName, getColumnPrivilege(dbName, tableName,
              columnName, partitionName, roleName, PrincipalType.ROLE));
        }
        ret.setRolePrivileges(columnRolePriv);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  private List getPartitionPrivilege(String dbName,
      String tableName, String partName, String principalName,
      PrincipalType principalType) {

    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    if (principalName != null) {
      List userNameTabPartPriv = this
          .listPrincipalPartitionGrants(principalName, principalType,
              dbName, tableName, partName);
      if (userNameTabPartPriv != null && userNameTabPartPriv.size() > 0) {
        List grantInfos = new ArrayList(
            userNameTabPartPriv.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < userNameTabPartPriv.size(); i++) {
          MPartitionPrivilege item = userNameTabPartPriv.get(i);
          grantInfos.add(new PrivilegeGrantInfo(item.getPrivilege(), item
              .getCreateTime(), item.getGrantor(),
              getPrincipalTypeFromStr(item.getGrantorType()), item.getGrantOption()));

        }
        return grantInfos;
      }
    }
    return new ArrayList(0);
  }

  private PrincipalType getPrincipalTypeFromStr(String str) {
    return str == null ? null : PrincipalType.valueOf(str);
  }

  private List getTablePrivilege(String dbName,
      String tableName, String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    if (principalName != null) {
      List userNameTabPartPriv = this
          .listAllTableGrants(principalName, principalType,
              dbName, tableName);
      if (userNameTabPartPriv != null && userNameTabPartPriv.size() > 0) {
        List grantInfos = new ArrayList(
            userNameTabPartPriv.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < userNameTabPartPriv.size(); i++) {
          MTablePrivilege item = userNameTabPartPriv.get(i);
          grantInfos.add(new PrivilegeGrantInfo(item.getPrivilege(), item
              .getCreateTime(), item.getGrantor(), getPrincipalTypeFromStr(item
              .getGrantorType()), item.getGrantOption()));
        }
        return grantInfos;
      }
    }
    return new ArrayList(0);
  }

  private List getColumnPrivilege(String dbName,
      String tableName, String columnName, String partitionName,
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {

    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    columnName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(columnName);

    if (partitionName == null) {
      List userNameColumnPriv = this
          .listPrincipalTableColumnGrants(principalName, principalType,
              dbName, tableName, columnName);
      if (userNameColumnPriv != null && userNameColumnPriv.size() > 0) {
        List grantInfos = new ArrayList(
            userNameColumnPriv.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < userNameColumnPriv.size(); i++) {
          MTableColumnPrivilege item = userNameColumnPriv.get(i);
          grantInfos.add(new PrivilegeGrantInfo(item.getPrivilege(), item
              .getCreateTime(), item.getGrantor(), getPrincipalTypeFromStr(item
              .getGrantorType()), item.getGrantOption()));
        }
        return grantInfos;
      }
    } else {
      List userNameColumnPriv = this
          .listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrants(principalName,
              principalType, dbName, tableName, partitionName, columnName);
      if (userNameColumnPriv != null && userNameColumnPriv.size() > 0) {
        List grantInfos = new ArrayList(
            userNameColumnPriv.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < userNameColumnPriv.size(); i++) {
          MPartitionColumnPrivilege item = userNameColumnPriv.get(i);
          grantInfos.add(new PrivilegeGrantInfo(item.getPrivilege(), item
              .getCreateTime(), item.getGrantor(), getPrincipalTypeFromStr(item
              .getGrantorType()), item.getGrantOption()));
        }
        return grantInfos;
      }
    }
    return new ArrayList(0);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean grantPrivileges(PrivilegeBag privileges) throws InvalidObjectException,
      MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    boolean committed = false;
    int now = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
    try {
      openTransaction();
      List persistentObjs = new ArrayList();

      List privilegeList = privileges.getPrivileges();

      if (privilegeList != null && privilegeList.size() > 0) {
        Iterator privIter = privilegeList.iterator();
        Set privSet = new HashSet();
        while (privIter.hasNext()) {
          HiveObjectPrivilege privDef = privIter.next();
          HiveObjectRef hiveObject = privDef.getHiveObject();
          String privilegeStr = privDef.getGrantInfo().getPrivilege();
          String[] privs = privilegeStr.split(",");
          String userName = privDef.getPrincipalName();
          PrincipalType principalType = privDef.getPrincipalType();
          String grantor = privDef.getGrantInfo().getGrantor();
          String grantorType = privDef.getGrantInfo().getGrantorType().toString();
          boolean grantOption = privDef.getGrantInfo().isGrantOption();
          privSet.clear();

          if(principalType == PrincipalType.ROLE){
            validateRole(userName);
          }

          if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.GLOBAL) {
            List globalPrivs = this
                .listPrincipalGlobalGrants(userName, principalType);
            if (globalPrivs != null) {
              for (MGlobalPrivilege priv : globalPrivs) {
                if (priv.getGrantor().equalsIgnoreCase(grantor)) {
                  privSet.add(priv.getPrivilege());
                }
              }
            }
            for (String privilege : privs) {
              if (privSet.contains(privilege)) {
                throw new InvalidObjectException(privilege
                    + " is already granted by " + grantor);
              }
              MGlobalPrivilege mGlobalPrivs = new MGlobalPrivilege(userName,
                  principalType.toString(), privilege, now, grantor, grantorType, grantOption);
              persistentObjs.add(mGlobalPrivs);
            }
          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.DATABASE) {
            MDatabase dbObj = getMDatabase(hiveObject.getDbName());
            if (dbObj != null) {
              List dbPrivs = this.listPrincipalDBGrants(
                  userName, principalType, hiveObject.getDbName());
              if (dbPrivs != null) {
                for (MDBPrivilege priv : dbPrivs) {
                  if (priv.getGrantor().equalsIgnoreCase(grantor)) {
                    privSet.add(priv.getPrivilege());
                  }
                }
              }
              for (String privilege : privs) {
                if (privSet.contains(privilege)) {
                  throw new InvalidObjectException(privilege
                      + " is already granted on database "
                      + hiveObject.getDbName() + " by " + grantor);
                }
                MDBPrivilege mDb = new MDBPrivilege(userName, principalType
                    .toString(), dbObj, privilege, now, grantor, grantorType, grantOption);
                persistentObjs.add(mDb);
              }
            }
          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.TABLE) {
            MTable tblObj = getMTable(hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                .getObjectName());
            if (tblObj != null) {
              List tablePrivs = this
                  .listAllTableGrants(userName, principalType,
                      hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject.getObjectName());
              if (tablePrivs != null) {
                for (MTablePrivilege priv : tablePrivs) {
                  if (priv.getGrantor() != null
                      && priv.getGrantor().equalsIgnoreCase(grantor)) {
                    privSet.add(priv.getPrivilege());
                  }
                }
              }
              for (String privilege : privs) {
                if (privSet.contains(privilege)) {
                  throw new InvalidObjectException(privilege
                      + " is already granted on table ["
                      + hiveObject.getDbName() + ","
                      + hiveObject.getObjectName() + "] by " + grantor);
                }
                MTablePrivilege mTab = new MTablePrivilege(
                    userName, principalType.toString(), tblObj,
                    privilege, now, grantor, grantorType, grantOption);
                persistentObjs.add(mTab);
              }
            }
          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.PARTITION) {
            MPartition partObj = this.getMPartition(hiveObject.getDbName(),
                hiveObject.getObjectName(), hiveObject.getPartValues());
            String partName = null;
            if (partObj != null) {
              partName = partObj.getPartitionName();
              List partPrivs = this
                  .listPrincipalPartitionGrants(userName,
                      principalType, hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                          .getObjectName(), partObj.getPartitionName());
              if (partPrivs != null) {
                for (MPartitionPrivilege priv : partPrivs) {
                  if (priv.getGrantor().equalsIgnoreCase(grantor)) {
                    privSet.add(priv.getPrivilege());
                  }
                }
              }
              for (String privilege : privs) {
                if (privSet.contains(privilege)) {
                  throw new InvalidObjectException(privilege
                      + " is already granted on partition ["
                      + hiveObject.getDbName() + ","
                      + hiveObject.getObjectName() + ","
                      + partName + "] by " + grantor);
                }
                MPartitionPrivilege mTab = new MPartitionPrivilege(userName,
                    principalType.toString(), partObj, privilege, now, grantor,
                    grantorType, grantOption);
                persistentObjs.add(mTab);
              }
            }
          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.COLUMN) {
            MTable tblObj = getMTable(hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                .getObjectName());
            if (tblObj != null) {
              if (hiveObject.getPartValues() != null) {
                MPartition partObj = null;
                List colPrivs = null;
                partObj = this.getMPartition(hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                    .getObjectName(), hiveObject.getPartValues());
                if (partObj == null) {
                  continue;
                }
                colPrivs = this.listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrants(
                    userName, principalType, hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                        .getObjectName(), partObj.getPartitionName(),
                    hiveObject.getColumnName());

                if (colPrivs != null) {
                  for (MPartitionColumnPrivilege priv : colPrivs) {
                    if (priv.getGrantor().equalsIgnoreCase(grantor)) {
                      privSet.add(priv.getPrivilege());
                    }
                  }
                }
                for (String privilege : privs) {
                  if (privSet.contains(privilege)) {
                    throw new InvalidObjectException(privilege
                        + " is already granted on column "
                        + hiveObject.getColumnName() + " ["
                        + hiveObject.getDbName() + ","
                        + hiveObject.getObjectName() + ","
                        + partObj.getPartitionName() + "] by " + grantor);
                  }
                  MPartitionColumnPrivilege mCol = new MPartitionColumnPrivilege(userName,
                      principalType.toString(), partObj, hiveObject
                          .getColumnName(), privilege, now, grantor, grantorType,
                      grantOption);
                  persistentObjs.add(mCol);
                }

              } else {
                List colPrivs = null;
                colPrivs = this.listPrincipalTableColumnGrants(
                    userName, principalType, hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                        .getObjectName(), hiveObject.getColumnName());

                if (colPrivs != null) {
                  for (MTableColumnPrivilege priv : colPrivs) {
                    if (priv.getGrantor().equalsIgnoreCase(grantor)) {
                      privSet.add(priv.getPrivilege());
                    }
                  }
                }
                for (String privilege : privs) {
                  if (privSet.contains(privilege)) {
                    throw new InvalidObjectException(privilege
                        + " is already granted on column "
                        + hiveObject.getColumnName() + " ["
                        + hiveObject.getDbName() + ","
                        + hiveObject.getObjectName() + "] by " + grantor);
                  }
                  MTableColumnPrivilege mCol = new MTableColumnPrivilege(userName,
                      principalType.toString(), tblObj, hiveObject
                          .getColumnName(), privilege, now, grantor, grantorType,
                      grantOption);
                  persistentObjs.add(mCol);
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      if (persistentObjs.size() > 0) {
        pm.makePersistentAll(persistentObjs);
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return committed;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean revokePrivileges(PrivilegeBag privileges, boolean grantOption)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    boolean committed = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      List persistentObjs = new ArrayList();

      List privilegeList = privileges.getPrivileges();


      if (privilegeList != null && privilegeList.size() > 0) {
        Iterator privIter = privilegeList.iterator();

        while (privIter.hasNext()) {
          HiveObjectPrivilege privDef = privIter.next();
          HiveObjectRef hiveObject = privDef.getHiveObject();
          String privilegeStr = privDef.getGrantInfo().getPrivilege();
          if (privilegeStr == null || privilegeStr.trim().equals("")) {
            continue;
          }
          String[] privs = privilegeStr.split(",");
          String userName = privDef.getPrincipalName();
          PrincipalType principalType = privDef.getPrincipalType();

          if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.GLOBAL) {
            List mSecUser = this.listPrincipalGlobalGrants(
                userName, principalType);
            boolean found = false;
            if (mSecUser != null) {
              for (String privilege : privs) {
                for (MGlobalPrivilege userGrant : mSecUser) {
                  String userGrantPrivs = userGrant.getPrivilege();
                  if (privilege.equals(userGrantPrivs)) {
                    found = true;
                    if (grantOption) {
                      if (userGrant.getGrantOption()) {
                        userGrant.setGrantOption(false);
                      } else {
                        throw new MetaException("User " + userName
                            + " does not have grant option with privilege " + privilege);
                      }
                    }
                    persistentObjs.add(userGrant);
                    break;
                  }
                }
                if (!found) {
                  throw new InvalidObjectException(
                      "No user grant found for privileges " + privilege);
                }
              }
            }

          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.DATABASE) {
            MDatabase dbObj = getMDatabase(hiveObject.getDbName());
            if (dbObj != null) {
              String db = hiveObject.getDbName();
              boolean found = false;
              List dbGrants = this.listPrincipalDBGrants(
                  userName, principalType, db);
              for (String privilege : privs) {
                for (MDBPrivilege dbGrant : dbGrants) {
                  String dbGrantPriv = dbGrant.getPrivilege();
                  if (privilege.equals(dbGrantPriv)) {
                    found = true;
                    if (grantOption) {
                      if (dbGrant.getGrantOption()) {
                        dbGrant.setGrantOption(false);
                      } else {
                        throw new MetaException("User " + userName
                            + " does not have grant option with privilege " + privilege);
                      }
                    }
                    persistentObjs.add(dbGrant);
                    break;
                  }
                }
                if (!found) {
                  throw new InvalidObjectException(
                      "No database grant found for privileges " + privilege
                          + " on database " + db);
                }
              }
            }
          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.TABLE) {
            boolean found = false;
            List tableGrants = this
                .listAllTableGrants(userName, principalType,
                    hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject.getObjectName());
            for (String privilege : privs) {
              for (MTablePrivilege tabGrant : tableGrants) {
                String tableGrantPriv = tabGrant.getPrivilege();
                if (privilege.equalsIgnoreCase(tableGrantPriv)) {
                  found = true;
                  if (grantOption) {
                    if (tabGrant.getGrantOption()) {
                      tabGrant.setGrantOption(false);
                    } else {
                      throw new MetaException("User " + userName
                          + " does not have grant option with privilege " + privilege);
                    }
                  }
                  persistentObjs.add(tabGrant);
                  break;
                }
              }
              if (!found) {
                throw new InvalidObjectException("No grant (" + privilege
                    + ") found " + " on table " + hiveObject.getObjectName()
                    + ", database is " + hiveObject.getDbName());
              }
            }
          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.PARTITION) {

            boolean found = false;
            Table tabObj = this.getTable(hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject.getObjectName());
            String partName = null;
            if (hiveObject.getPartValues() != null) {
              partName = Warehouse.makePartName(tabObj.getPartitionKeys(), hiveObject.getPartValues());
            }
            List partitionGrants = this
                .listPrincipalPartitionGrants(userName, principalType,
                    hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject.getObjectName(), partName);
            for (String privilege : privs) {
              for (MPartitionPrivilege partGrant : partitionGrants) {
                String partPriv = partGrant.getPrivilege();
                if (partPriv.equalsIgnoreCase(privilege)) {
                  found = true;
                  if (grantOption) {
                    if (partGrant.getGrantOption()) {
                      partGrant.setGrantOption(false);
                    } else {
                      throw new MetaException("User " + userName
                          + " does not have grant option with privilege " + privilege);
                    }
                  }
                  persistentObjs.add(partGrant);
                  break;
                }
              }
              if (!found) {
                throw new InvalidObjectException("No grant (" + privilege
                    + ") found " + " on table " + tabObj.getTableName()
                    + ", partition is " + partName + ", database is " + tabObj.getDbName());
              }
            }
          } else if (hiveObject.getObjectType() == HiveObjectType.COLUMN) {

            Table tabObj = this.getTable(hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                .getObjectName());
            String partName = null;
            if (hiveObject.getPartValues() != null) {
              partName = Warehouse.makePartName(tabObj.getPartitionKeys(),
                  hiveObject.getPartValues());
            }

            if (partName != null) {
              List mSecCol = listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrants(
                  userName, principalType, hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                      .getObjectName(), partName, hiveObject.getColumnName());
              boolean found = false;
              if (mSecCol != null) {
                for (String privilege : privs) {
                  for (MPartitionColumnPrivilege col : mSecCol) {
                    String colPriv = col.getPrivilege();
                    if (colPriv.equalsIgnoreCase(privilege)) {
                      found = true;
                      if (grantOption) {
                        if (col.getGrantOption()) {
                          col.setGrantOption(false);
                        } else {
                          throw new MetaException("User " + userName
                              + " does not have grant option with privilege " + privilege);
                        }
                      }
                      persistentObjs.add(col);
                      break;
                    }
                  }
                  if (!found) {
                    throw new InvalidObjectException("No grant (" + privilege
                        + ") found " + " on table " + tabObj.getTableName()
                        + ", partition is " + partName + ", column name = "
                        + hiveObject.getColumnName() + ", database is "
                        + tabObj.getDbName());
                  }
                }
              }
            } else {
              List mSecCol = listPrincipalTableColumnGrants(
                  userName, principalType, hiveObject.getDbName(), hiveObject
                      .getObjectName(), hiveObject.getColumnName());
              boolean found = false;
              if (mSecCol != null) {
                for (String privilege : privs) {
                  for (MTableColumnPrivilege col : mSecCol) {
                    String colPriv = col.getPrivilege();
                    if (colPriv.equalsIgnoreCase(privilege)) {
                      found = true;
                      if (grantOption) {
                        if (col.getGrantOption()) {
                          col.setGrantOption(false);
                        } else {
                          throw new MetaException("User " + userName
                              + " does not have grant option with privilege " + privilege);
                        }
                      }
                      persistentObjs.add(col);
                      break;
                    }
                  }
                  if (!found) {
                    throw new InvalidObjectException("No grant (" + privilege
                        + ") found " + " on table " + tabObj.getTableName()
                        + ", column name = "
                        + hiveObject.getColumnName() + ", database is "
                        + tabObj.getDbName());
                  }
                }
              }
            }

          }
        }
      }

      if (persistentObjs.size() > 0) {
        if (grantOption) {
          // If grant option specified, only update the privilege, don't remove it.
          // Grant option has already been removed from the privileges in the section above
        } else {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(persistentObjs);
        }
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return committed;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public List listRoleMembers(String roleName) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mRoleMemeberList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listMSecurityUserRoleMember");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MRoleMap.class,
          "role.roleName == t1");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1");
      query.setUnique(false);
      mRoleMemeberList = (List) query.execute(
          roleName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listMSecurityUserRoleMember");
      pm.retrieveAll(mRoleMemeberList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listMSecurityUserRoleMember");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mRoleMemeberList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public List listPrincipalGlobalGrants(String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean commited = false;
    List userNameDbPriv = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      if (principalName != null) {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MGlobalPrivilege.class,
            "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2 ");
        query.declareParameters(
            "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
        userNameDbPriv = (List) query
            .executeWithArray(principalName, principalType.toString());
        pm.retrieveAll(userNameDbPriv);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return userNameDbPriv;
  }

  @Override
  public List listGlobalGrantsAll() {
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MGlobalPrivilege.class);
      List userNameDbPriv = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(userNameDbPriv);
      commited = commitTransaction();
      return convertGlobal(userNameDbPriv);
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private List convertGlobal(List privs) {
    List result = new ArrayList();
    for (MGlobalPrivilege priv : privs) {
      String pname = priv.getPrincipalName();
      PrincipalType ptype = PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getPrincipalType());

      HiveObjectRef objectRef = new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.GLOBAL, null, null, null, null);
      PrivilegeGrantInfo grantor = new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.getPrivilege(), priv.getCreateTime(),
          priv.getGrantor(), PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getGrantorType()), priv.getGrantOption());

      result.add(new HiveObjectPrivilege(objectRef, pname, ptype, grantor));
    }
    return result;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public List listPrincipalDBGrants(String principalName,
      PrincipalType principalType, String dbName) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityDBList = null;
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalDBGrants");
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MDBPrivilege.class,
            "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2 && database.name == t3");
        query
            .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3");
        mSecurityDBList = (List) query.executeWithArray(principalName, principalType.toString(), dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalDBGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityDBList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalDBGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityDBList;
  }

  @Override
  public List listPrincipalDBGrantsAll(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    return convertDB(listPrincipalAllDBGrant(principalName, principalType));
  }

  @Override
  public List listDBGrantsAll(String dbName) {
    return convertDB(listDatabaseGrants(dbName));
  }

  private List convertDB(List privs) {
    List result = new ArrayList();
    for (MDBPrivilege priv : privs) {
      String pname = priv.getPrincipalName();
      PrincipalType ptype = PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getPrincipalType());
      String database = priv.getDatabase().getName();

      HiveObjectRef objectRef = new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.DATABASE, database,
          null, null, null);
      PrivilegeGrantInfo grantor = new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.getPrivilege(), priv.getCreateTime(),
          priv.getGrantor(), PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getGrantorType()), priv.getGrantOption());

      result.add(new HiveObjectPrivilege(objectRef, pname, ptype, grantor));
    }
    return result;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listPrincipalAllDBGrant(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityDBList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalAllDBGrant");
      if (principalName != null && principalType != null) {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MDBPrivilege.class,
            "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
        query
            .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
        mSecurityDBList = (List) query.execute(principalName, principalType.toString());
      } else {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MDBPrivilege.class);
        mSecurityDBList = (List) query.execute();
      }
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalAllDBGrant");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityDBList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalAllDBGrant");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityDBList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List listAllTableGrants(String dbName,
      String tableName) {
    boolean success = false;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    List mSecurityTabList = null;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listAllTableGrants");
      String queryStr = "table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2";
      Query query = pm.newQuery(
          MTablePrivilege.class, queryStr);
      query.declareParameters(
          "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mSecurityTabList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(tableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listAllTableGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listAllTableGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityTabList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List listTableAllPartitionGrants(String dbName,
      String tableName) {
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityTabPartList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listTableAllPartitionGrants");
      String queryStr = "partition.table.tableName == t1 && partition.table.database.name == t2";
      Query query = pm.newQuery(
          MPartitionPrivilege.class, queryStr);
      query.declareParameters(
          "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(tableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listTableAllPartitionGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listTableAllPartitionGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityTabPartList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List listTableAllColumnGrants(String dbName,
      String tableName) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mTblColPrivilegeList = null;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listTableAllColumnGrants");
      String queryStr = "table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2";
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnPrivilege.class, queryStr);
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mTblColPrivilegeList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(tableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listTableAllColumnGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mTblColPrivilegeList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listTableAllColumnGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mTblColPrivilegeList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List listTableAllPartitionColumnGrants(String dbName,
      String tableName) {
    boolean success = false;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    List mSecurityColList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listTableAllPartitionColumnGrants");
      String queryStr = "partition.table.tableName == t1 && partition.table.database.name == t2";
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class, queryStr);
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mSecurityColList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(tableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listTableAllPartitionColumnGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityColList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listTableAllPartitionColumnGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityColList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List listPartitionAllColumnGrants(String dbName,
      String tableName, List partNames) {
    boolean success = false;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    List mSecurityColList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPartitionAllColumnGrants");
      mSecurityColList = queryByPartitionNames(
          dbName, tableName, partNames, MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class,
          "partition.table.tableName", "partition.table.database.name", "partition.partitionName");
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPartitionAllColumnGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityColList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPartitionAllColumnGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityColList;
  }

  public void dropPartitionAllColumnGrantsNoTxn(
      String dbName, String tableName, List partNames) {
    ObjectPair queryWithParams = makeQueryByPartitionNames(
          dbName, tableName, partNames, MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class,
          "partition.table.tableName", "partition.table.database.name", "partition.partitionName");
    queryWithParams.getFirst().deletePersistentAll(queryWithParams.getSecond());
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listDatabaseGrants(String dbName) {
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listDatabaseGrants");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MDBPrivilege.class,
          "database.name == t1");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1");
      List mSecurityDBList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listDatabaseGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityDBList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listDatabaseGrants");
      return mSecurityDBList;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listPartitionGrants(String dbName, String tableName,
      List partNames) {
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityTabPartList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPartitionGrants");
      mSecurityTabPartList = queryByPartitionNames(
          dbName, tableName, partNames, MPartitionPrivilege.class, "partition.table.tableName",
          "partition.table.database.name", "partition.partitionName");
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPartitionGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPartitionGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityTabPartList;
  }

  private void dropPartitionGrantsNoTxn(String dbName, String tableName, List partNames) {
    ObjectPair queryWithParams = makeQueryByPartitionNames(
          dbName, tableName, partNames,MPartitionPrivilege.class, "partition.table.tableName",
          "partition.table.database.name", "partition.partitionName");
    queryWithParams.getFirst().deletePersistentAll(queryWithParams.getSecond());
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private  List queryByPartitionNames(String dbName, String tableName,
      List partNames, Class clazz, String tbCol, String dbCol, String partCol) {
    ObjectPair queryAndParams = makeQueryByPartitionNames(
        dbName, tableName, partNames, clazz, tbCol, dbCol, partCol);
    return (List)queryAndParams.getFirst().executeWithArray(queryAndParams.getSecond());
  }

  private ObjectPair makeQueryByPartitionNames(
      String dbName, String tableName, List partNames, Class clazz,
      String tbCol, String dbCol, String partCol) {
    String queryStr = tbCol + " == t1 && " + dbCol + " == t2";
    String paramStr = "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2";
    Object[] params = new Object[2 + partNames.size()];
    params[0] = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    params[1] = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    int index = 0;
    for (String partName : partNames) {
      params[index + 2] = partName;
      queryStr += ((index == 0) ? " && (" : " || ") + partCol + " == p" + index;
      paramStr += ", java.lang.String p" + index;
      ++index;
    }
    queryStr += ")";
    Query query = pm.newQuery(clazz, queryStr);
    query.declareParameters(paramStr);
    return new ObjectPair(query, params);
  }

  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List listAllTableGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType, String dbName,
      String tableName) {
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityTabPartList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listAllTableGrants");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(
          MTablePrivilege.class,
              "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2 && table.tableName == t3 && table.database.name == t4");
      query.declareParameters(
          "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3, java.lang.String t4");
      mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(principalName, principalType.toString(), tableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listAllTableGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listAllTableGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityTabPartList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public List listPrincipalPartitionGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType, String dbName,
      String tableName, String partName) {
    boolean success = false;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);

    List mSecurityTabPartList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listMSecurityPrincipalPartitionGrant");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(
          MPartitionPrivilege.class,
              "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2 && partition.table.tableName == t3 " +
              "&& partition.table.database.name == t4 && partition.partitionName == t5");
      query.declareParameters(
          "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3, java.lang.String t4, " +
          "java.lang.String t5");
      mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(principalName, principalType.toString(), tableName, dbName, partName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listMSecurityPrincipalPartitionGrant");

      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listMSecurityPrincipalPartitionGrant");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityTabPartList;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public List listPrincipalTableColumnGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType, String dbName,
      String tableName, String columnName) {
    boolean success = false;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    columnName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(columnName);
    List mSecurityColList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalTableColumnGrants");
      String queryStr = "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2 && " +
          "table.tableName == t3 && table.database.name == t4 &&  columnName == t5 ";
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnPrivilege.class, queryStr);
      query
          .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3, " +
              "java.lang.String t4, java.lang.String t5");
      mSecurityColList = (List) query.executeWithArray(
          principalName, principalType.toString(), tableName, dbName, columnName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalTableColumnGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityColList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalTableColumnGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityColList;
  }

  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public List listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType, String dbName,
      String tableName, String partitionName, String columnName) {
    boolean success = false;
    tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);
    dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
    columnName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(columnName);

    List mSecurityColList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrants");
      Query query = pm
          .newQuery(
              MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class,
              "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2 && partition.table.tableName == t3 " +
              "&& partition.table.database.name == t4 && partition.partitionName == t5 && columnName == t6");
      query
          .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3, " +
              "java.lang.String t4, java.lang.String t5, java.lang.String t6");

      mSecurityColList = (List) query
          .executeWithArray(principalName, principalType.toString(), tableName,
              dbName, partitionName, columnName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityColList);

      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityColList;
  }

  @Override
  public List listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrantsAll(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrantsAll");
      List mSecurityTabPartList;
      if (principalName != null && principalType != null) {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class,
            "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
        query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List)
            query.executeWithArray(principalName, principalType.toString());
      } else {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class);
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query.execute();
      }
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrantsAll");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertPartCols(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalPartitionColumnGrantsAll");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public List listPartitionColumnGrantsAll(
      String dbName, String tableName, String partitionName, String columnName) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPartitionColumnGrantsAll");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class,
          "partition.table.tableName == t3 && partition.table.database.name == t4 && " +
          "partition.partitionName == t5 && columnName == t6");
      query.declareParameters(
          "java.lang.String t3, java.lang.String t4, java.lang.String t5, java.lang.String t6");
      List mSecurityTabPartList = (List)
          query.executeWithArray(tableName, dbName, partitionName, columnName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPartitionColumnGrantsAll");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertPartCols(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPartitionColumnGrantsAll");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private List convertPartCols(List privs) {
    List result = new ArrayList();
    for (MPartitionColumnPrivilege priv : privs) {
      String pname = priv.getPrincipalName();
      PrincipalType ptype = PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getPrincipalType());

      MPartition mpartition = priv.getPartition();
      MTable mtable = mpartition.getTable();
      MDatabase mdatabase = mtable.getDatabase();

      HiveObjectRef objectRef = new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.COLUMN,
          mdatabase.getName(), mtable.getTableName(), mpartition.getValues(), priv.getColumnName());
      PrivilegeGrantInfo grantor = new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.getPrivilege(), priv.getCreateTime(),
          priv.getGrantor(), PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getGrantorType()), priv.getGrantOption());

      result.add(new HiveObjectPrivilege(objectRef, pname, ptype, grantor));
    }
    return result;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listPrincipalAllTableGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityTabPartList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalAllTableGrants");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTablePrivilege.class,
          "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query.execute(
          principalName, principalType.toString());
      LOG
          .debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalAllTableGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalAllTableGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityTabPartList;
  }

  @Override
  public List listPrincipalTableGrantsAll(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalAllTableGrants");
      List mSecurityTabPartList;
      if (principalName != null && principalType != null) {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MTablePrivilege.class,
            "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
        query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query.execute(
            principalName, principalType.toString());
      } else {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MTablePrivilege.class);
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query.execute();
      }
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalAllTableGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertTable(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalAllTableGrants");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public List listTableGrantsAll(String dbName, String tableName) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listTableGrantsAll");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTablePrivilege.class,
          "table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      List mSecurityTabPartList = (List)
          query.executeWithArray(tableName, dbName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listTableGrantsAll");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertTable(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalAllTableGrants");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private List convertTable(List privs) {
    List result = new ArrayList();
    for (MTablePrivilege priv : privs) {
      String pname = priv.getPrincipalName();
      PrincipalType ptype = PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getPrincipalType());

      String table = priv.getTable().getTableName();
      String database = priv.getTable().getDatabase().getName();

      HiveObjectRef objectRef = new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.TABLE, database, table,
          null, null);
      PrivilegeGrantInfo grantor = new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.getPrivilege(), priv.getCreateTime(),
          priv.getGrantor(), PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getGrantorType()), priv.getGrantOption());

      result.add(new HiveObjectPrivilege(objectRef, pname, ptype, grantor));
    }
    return result;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listPrincipalAllPartitionGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityTabPartList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalAllPartitionGrants");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionPrivilege.class,
          "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query.execute(
          principalName, principalType.toString());
      LOG
          .debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalAllPartitionGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG
          .debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalAllPartitionGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityTabPartList;
  }

  @Override
  public List listPrincipalPartitionGrantsAll(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalPartitionGrantsAll");
      List mSecurityTabPartList;
      if (principalName != null && principalType != null) {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionPrivilege.class,
            "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
        query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List)
            query.execute(principalName, principalType.toString());
      } else {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionPrivilege.class);
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query.execute();
      }
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalPartitionGrantsAll");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertPartition(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalPartitionGrantsAll");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public List listPartitionGrantsAll(
      String dbName, String tableName, String partitionName) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalPartitionGrantsAll");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionPrivilege.class,
          "partition.table.tableName == t3 && partition.table.database.name == t4 && " +
          "partition.partitionName == t5");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t3, java.lang.String t4, java.lang.String t5");
      List mSecurityTabPartList = (List)
          query.executeWithArray(tableName, dbName, partitionName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalPartitionGrantsAll");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertPartition(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalPartitionGrantsAll");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private List convertPartition(List privs) {
    List result = new ArrayList();
    for (MPartitionPrivilege priv : privs) {
      String pname = priv.getPrincipalName();
      PrincipalType ptype = PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getPrincipalType());

      MPartition mpartition = priv.getPartition();
      MTable mtable = mpartition.getTable();
      MDatabase mdatabase = mtable.getDatabase();

      HiveObjectRef objectRef = new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.PARTITION,
          mdatabase.getName(), mtable.getTableName(), mpartition.getValues(), null);
      PrivilegeGrantInfo grantor = new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.getPrivilege(), priv.getCreateTime(),
          priv.getGrantor(), PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getGrantorType()), priv.getGrantOption());

      result.add(new HiveObjectPrivilege(objectRef, pname, ptype, grantor));
    }
    return result;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityColumnList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnPrivilege.class,
          "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
      query
          .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mSecurityColumnList = (List) query.execute(
          principalName, principalType.toString());
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityColumnList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityColumnList;
  }

  @Override
  public List listPrincipalTableColumnGrantsAll(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalTableColumnGrantsAll");

      List mSecurityTabPartList;
      if (principalName != null && principalType != null) {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnPrivilege.class,
            "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
        query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List)
            query.execute(principalName, principalType.toString());
      } else {
        Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnPrivilege.class);
        mSecurityTabPartList = (List) query.execute();
      }
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalTableColumnGrantsAll");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertTableCols(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalTableColumnGrantsAll");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public List listTableColumnGrantsAll(
      String dbName, String tableName, String columnName) {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalTableColumnGrantsAll");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnPrivilege.class,
          "table.tableName == t3 && table.database.name == t4 &&  columnName == t5");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t3, java.lang.String t4, java.lang.String t5");
      List mSecurityTabPartList = (List)
          query.executeWithArray(tableName, dbName, columnName);
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalTableColumnGrantsAll");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityTabPartList);
      List result = convertTableCols(mSecurityTabPartList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalTableColumnGrantsAll");
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private List convertTableCols(List privs) {
    List result = new ArrayList();
    for (MTableColumnPrivilege priv : privs) {
      String pname = priv.getPrincipalName();
      PrincipalType ptype = PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getPrincipalType());

      MTable mtable = priv.getTable();
      MDatabase mdatabase = mtable.getDatabase();

      HiveObjectRef objectRef = new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.COLUMN,
          mdatabase.getName(), mtable.getTableName(), null, priv.getColumnName());
      PrivilegeGrantInfo grantor = new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.getPrivilege(), priv.getCreateTime(),
          priv.getGrantor(), PrincipalType.valueOf(priv.getGrantorType()), priv.getGrantOption());

      result.add(new HiveObjectPrivilege(objectRef, pname, ptype, grantor));
    }
    return result;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private List listPrincipalAllPartitionColumnGrants(
      String principalName, PrincipalType principalType) {
    boolean success = false;
    List mSecurityColumnList = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Executing listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants");
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionColumnPrivilege.class,
          "principalName == t1 && principalType == t2");
      query
          .declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2");
      mSecurityColumnList = (List) query.execute(
          principalName, principalType.toString());
      LOG.debug("Done executing query for listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants");
      pm.retrieveAll(mSecurityColumnList);
      success = commitTransaction();
      LOG.debug("Done retrieving all objects for listPrincipalAllTableColumnGrants");
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mSecurityColumnList;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isPartitionMarkedForEvent(String dbName, String tblName,
      Map partName, PartitionEventType evtType) throws UnknownTableException,
      MetaException, InvalidPartitionException, UnknownPartitionException {

    Collection partEvents;
    boolean success = false;
    LOG.debug("Begin Executing isPartitionMarkedForEvent");
    try{
    openTransaction();
    Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionEvent.class, "dbName == t1 && tblName == t2 && partName == t3 && eventType == t4");
    query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3, int t4");
    Table tbl = getTable(dbName, tblName); // Make sure dbName and tblName are valid.
    if(null == tbl) {
      throw new UnknownTableException("Table: "+ tblName + " is not found.");
    }
    partEvents = (Collection) query.executeWithArray(dbName, tblName, getPartitionStr(tbl, partName), evtType.getValue());
    pm.retrieveAll(partEvents);
    success = commitTransaction();
    LOG.debug("Done executing isPartitionMarkedForEvent");
    } finally{
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return (partEvents != null  && !partEvents.isEmpty()) ? true : false;

  }

  @Override
  public Table markPartitionForEvent(String dbName, String tblName, Map partName,
      PartitionEventType evtType) throws MetaException, UnknownTableException, InvalidPartitionException, UnknownPartitionException {

    LOG.debug("Begin executing markPartitionForEvent");
    boolean success = false;
    Table tbl = null;
    try{
    openTransaction();
    tbl = getTable(dbName, tblName); // Make sure dbName and tblName are valid.
    if(null == tbl) {
      throw new UnknownTableException("Table: "+ tblName + " is not found.");
    }
    pm.makePersistent(new MPartitionEvent(dbName,tblName,getPartitionStr(tbl, partName), evtType.getValue()));
    success = commitTransaction();
    LOG.debug("Done executing markPartitionForEvent");
    } finally {
      if(!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return tbl;
  }

  private String getPartitionStr(Table tbl, Map partName) throws InvalidPartitionException{
    if(tbl.getPartitionKeysSize() != partName.size()){
      throw new InvalidPartitionException("Number of partition columns in table: "+ tbl.getPartitionKeysSize() +
          " doesn't match with number of supplied partition values: "+partName.size());
    }
    final List storedVals = new ArrayList(tbl.getPartitionKeysSize());
    for(FieldSchema partKey : tbl.getPartitionKeys()){
      String partVal = partName.get(partKey.getName());
      if(null == partVal) {
        throw new InvalidPartitionException("No value found for partition column: "+partKey.getName());
      }
      storedVals.add(partVal);
    }
    return join(storedVals,',');
  }

  /** The following API
   *
   *  - executeJDOQLSelect
   *
   * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
   *
   */
  public Collection executeJDOQLSelect(String query) {
    boolean committed = false;
    Collection result = null;

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query q = pm.newQuery(query);
      result = (Collection) q.execute();
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        return result;
      } else {
        return null;
      }
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  /** The following API
  *
  *  - executeJDOQLUpdate
  *
  * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
  *
  */
  public long executeJDOQLUpdate(String query) {
    boolean committed = false;
    long numUpdated = 0;

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query q = pm.newQuery(query);
      numUpdated = (Long) q.execute();
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        return numUpdated;
      } else {
        return -1;
      }
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  /** The following API
  *
  *  - listFSRoots
  *
  * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
  *
  */
  public Set listFSRoots() {
    boolean committed = false;
    Set fsRoots = new HashSet();

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MDatabase.class);
      List mDBs = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(mDBs);

      for (MDatabase mDB:mDBs) {
        fsRoots.add(mDB.getLocationUri());
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        return fsRoots;
      } else {
        return null;
      }
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private boolean shouldUpdateURI(URI onDiskUri, URI inputUri) {
    String onDiskHost = onDiskUri.getHost();
    String inputHost = inputUri.getHost();

    int onDiskPort = onDiskUri.getPort();
    int inputPort = inputUri.getPort();

    String onDiskScheme = onDiskUri.getScheme();
    String inputScheme = inputUri.getScheme();

    //compare ports
    if (inputPort != -1) {
      if (inputPort != onDiskPort) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    //compare schemes
    if (inputScheme != null) {
      if (onDiskScheme == null) {
        return false;
      }
      if (!inputScheme.equalsIgnoreCase(onDiskScheme)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    //compare hosts
    if (onDiskHost != null) {
      if (!inputHost.equalsIgnoreCase(onDiskHost)) {
        return false;
      }
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  public class UpdateMDatabaseURIRetVal {
    private List badRecords;
    private Map updateLocations;

    UpdateMDatabaseURIRetVal(List badRecords, Map updateLocations) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }

    public List getBadRecords() {
      return badRecords;
    }

    public void setBadRecords(List badRecords) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
    }

    public Map getUpdateLocations() {
      return updateLocations;
    }

    public void setUpdateLocations(Map updateLocations) {
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }
  }

  /** The following APIs
  *
  *  - updateMDatabaseURI
  *
  * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
  *
  */
  public UpdateMDatabaseURIRetVal updateMDatabaseURI(URI oldLoc, URI newLoc, boolean dryRun) {
    boolean committed = false;
    Map updateLocations = new HashMap();
    List badRecords = new ArrayList();
    UpdateMDatabaseURIRetVal retVal = null;

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MDatabase.class);
      List mDBs = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(mDBs);

      for(MDatabase mDB:mDBs) {
        URI locationURI = null;
        String location = mDB.getLocationUri();
        try {
          locationURI = new URI(location);
        } catch(URISyntaxException e) {
          badRecords.add(location);
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
          badRecords.add(location);
        }
        if (locationURI == null) {
          badRecords.add(location);
        } else {
          if (shouldUpdateURI(locationURI, oldLoc)) {
            String dbLoc = mDB.getLocationUri().replaceAll(oldLoc.toString(), newLoc.toString());
            updateLocations.put(locationURI.toString(), dbLoc);
            if (!dryRun) {
              mDB.setLocationUri(dbLoc);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        retVal = new UpdateMDatabaseURIRetVal(badRecords, updateLocations);
      }
      return retVal;
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  public class UpdatePropURIRetVal {
    private List badRecords;
    private Map updateLocations;

    UpdatePropURIRetVal(List badRecords, Map updateLocations) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }

    public List getBadRecords() {
      return badRecords;
    }

    public void setBadRecords(List badRecords) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
    }

    public Map getUpdateLocations() {
      return updateLocations;
    }

    public void setUpdateLocations(Map updateLocations) {
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }
  }

  private void updatePropURIHelper(URI oldLoc, URI newLoc, String tblPropKey, boolean isDryRun,
                                   List badRecords, Map updateLocations,
                                   Map parameters) {
    URI tablePropLocationURI = null;
    if (parameters.containsKey(tblPropKey)) {
      String tablePropLocation = parameters.get(tblPropKey);
      try {
        tablePropLocationURI = new URI(tablePropLocation);
      } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
        badRecords.add(tablePropLocation);
      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
        badRecords.add(tablePropLocation);
      }
      // if tablePropKey that was passed in lead to a valid URI resolution, update it if
      //parts of it match the old-NN-loc, else add to badRecords
      if (tablePropLocationURI == null) {
        badRecords.add(tablePropLocation);
      } else {
        if (shouldUpdateURI(tablePropLocationURI, oldLoc)) {
          String tblPropLoc = parameters.get(tblPropKey).replaceAll(oldLoc.toString(), newLoc
              .toString());
          updateLocations.put(tablePropLocationURI.toString(), tblPropLoc);
          if (!isDryRun) {
            parameters.put(tblPropKey, tblPropLoc);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /** The following APIs
   *
   *  - updateMStorageDescriptorTblPropURI
   *
   * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
   *
   */
  public UpdatePropURIRetVal updateTblPropURI(URI oldLoc, URI newLoc, String tblPropKey, boolean
      isDryRun) {
    boolean committed = false;
    Map updateLocations = new HashMap<>();
    List badRecords = new ArrayList<>();
    UpdatePropURIRetVal retVal = null;

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTable.class);
      List mTbls = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(mTbls);

      for (MTable mTbl : mTbls) {
        updatePropURIHelper(oldLoc, newLoc, tblPropKey, isDryRun, badRecords, updateLocations,
            mTbl.getParameters());
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        retVal = new UpdatePropURIRetVal(badRecords, updateLocations);
      }
      return retVal;
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  /** The following APIs
  *
  *  - updateMStorageDescriptorTblPropURI
  *
  * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
  *
  */
  @Deprecated
  public UpdatePropURIRetVal updateMStorageDescriptorTblPropURI(URI oldLoc,
      URI newLoc, String tblPropKey, boolean isDryRun) {
    boolean committed = false;
    Map updateLocations = new HashMap();
    List badRecords = new ArrayList();
    UpdatePropURIRetVal retVal = null;

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MStorageDescriptor.class);
      List mSDSs = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(mSDSs);

      for(MStorageDescriptor mSDS:mSDSs) {
        updatePropURIHelper(oldLoc, newLoc, tblPropKey, isDryRun, badRecords, updateLocations,
            mSDS.getParameters());
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        retVal = new UpdatePropURIRetVal(badRecords, updateLocations);
      }
      return retVal;
     } finally {
        if (!committed) {
          rollbackTransaction();
        }
     }
  }

  public class UpdateMStorageDescriptorTblURIRetVal {
    private List badRecords;
    private Map updateLocations;

    UpdateMStorageDescriptorTblURIRetVal(List badRecords,
      Map updateLocations) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }

    public List getBadRecords() {
      return badRecords;
    }

    public void setBadRecords(List badRecords) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
    }

    public Map getUpdateLocations() {
      return updateLocations;
    }

    public void setUpdateLocations(Map updateLocations) {
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }
  }

  /** The following APIs
  *
  *  - updateMStorageDescriptorTblURI
  *
  * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
  *
  */
  public UpdateMStorageDescriptorTblURIRetVal updateMStorageDescriptorTblURI(URI oldLoc, URI newLoc,
    boolean isDryRun) {
    boolean committed = false;
    Map updateLocations = new HashMap();
    List badRecords = new ArrayList();
    UpdateMStorageDescriptorTblURIRetVal retVal = null;

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MStorageDescriptor.class);
      List mSDSs = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(mSDSs);

      for(MStorageDescriptor mSDS:mSDSs) {
        URI locationURI = null;
        String location = mSDS.getLocation();
        try {
          locationURI = new URI(location);
        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
          badRecords.add(location);
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
          badRecords.add(location);
        }
        if (locationURI == null) {
          badRecords.add(location);
        } else {
          if (shouldUpdateURI(locationURI, oldLoc)) {
            String tblLoc = mSDS.getLocation().replaceAll(oldLoc.toString(), newLoc.toString());
            updateLocations.put(locationURI.toString(), tblLoc);
            if (!isDryRun) {
              mSDS.setLocation(tblLoc);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        retVal = new UpdateMStorageDescriptorTblURIRetVal(badRecords, updateLocations);
      }
      return retVal;
    } finally {
        if (!committed) {
          rollbackTransaction();
        }
     }
  }

  public class UpdateSerdeURIRetVal {
    private List badRecords;
    private Map updateLocations;

    UpdateSerdeURIRetVal(List badRecords, Map updateLocations) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }

    public List getBadRecords() {
      return badRecords;
    }

    public void setBadRecords(List badRecords) {
      this.badRecords = badRecords;
    }

    public Map getUpdateLocations() {
      return updateLocations;
    }

    public void setUpdateLocations(Map updateLocations) {
      this.updateLocations = updateLocations;
    }
  }

  /** The following APIs
  *
  *  - updateSerdeURI
  *
  * is used by HiveMetaTool. This API **shouldn't** be exposed via Thrift.
  *
  */
  public UpdateSerdeURIRetVal updateSerdeURI(URI oldLoc, URI newLoc, String serdeProp,
    boolean isDryRun) {
    boolean committed = false;
    Map updateLocations = new HashMap();
    List badRecords = new ArrayList();
    UpdateSerdeURIRetVal retVal = null;

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MSerDeInfo.class);
      List mSerdes = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(mSerdes);

      for(MSerDeInfo mSerde:mSerdes) {
        if (mSerde.getParameters().containsKey(serdeProp)) {
          String schemaLoc = mSerde.getParameters().get(serdeProp);
          URI schemaLocURI = null;
          try {
            schemaLocURI = new URI(schemaLoc);
          } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
            badRecords.add(schemaLoc);
          } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            badRecords.add(schemaLoc);
          }
          if (schemaLocURI == null) {
            badRecords.add(schemaLoc);
          } else {
            if (shouldUpdateURI(schemaLocURI, oldLoc)) {
              String newSchemaLoc = schemaLoc.replaceAll(oldLoc.toString(), newLoc.toString());
              updateLocations.put(schemaLocURI.toString(), newSchemaLoc);
              if (!isDryRun) {
                mSerde.getParameters().put(serdeProp, newSchemaLoc);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      if (committed) {
        retVal = new UpdateSerdeURIRetVal(badRecords, updateLocations);
      }
      return retVal;
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private void writeMTableColumnStatistics(Table table, MTableColumnStatistics mStatsObj)
    throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    String dbName = mStatsObj.getDbName();
    String tableName = mStatsObj.getTableName();
    String colName = mStatsObj.getColName();

    LOG.info("Updating table level column statistics for db=" + dbName + " tableName=" + tableName
      + " colName=" + colName);
    validateTableCols(table, Lists.newArrayList(colName));

    List oldStats =
        getMTableColumnStatistics(table, Lists.newArrayList(colName));

    if (!oldStats.isEmpty()) {
      assert oldStats.size() == 1;
      StatObjectConverter.setFieldsIntoOldStats(mStatsObj, oldStats.get(0));
    } else {
      pm.makePersistent(mStatsObj);
    }
  }

  private void writeMPartitionColumnStatistics(Table table, Partition partition,
      MPartitionColumnStatistics mStatsObj) throws NoSuchObjectException,
        MetaException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    String dbName = mStatsObj.getDbName();
    String tableName = mStatsObj.getTableName();
    String partName = mStatsObj.getPartitionName();
    String colName = mStatsObj.getColName();

    LOG.info("Updating partition level column statistics for db=" + dbName + " tableName=" +
      tableName + " partName=" + partName + " colName=" + colName);

    boolean foundCol = false;
    List colList = partition.getSd().getCols();
    for (FieldSchema col : colList) {
      if (col.getName().equals(mStatsObj.getColName().trim())) {
        foundCol = true;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (!foundCol) {
      throw new
        NoSuchObjectException("Column " + colName +
        " for which stats gathering is requested doesn't exist.");
    }

    List oldStats = getMPartitionColumnStatistics(
        table, Lists.newArrayList(partName), Lists.newArrayList(colName));
    if (!oldStats.isEmpty()) {
      assert oldStats.size() == 1;
      StatObjectConverter.setFieldsIntoOldStats(mStatsObj, oldStats.get(0));
    } else {
      pm.makePersistent(mStatsObj);
    }
  }
  
  @Override
  public boolean updateTableColumnStatistics(ColumnStatistics colStats)
    throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    boolean committed = false;

    openTransaction();
    try {
      List statsObjs = colStats.getStatsObj();
      ColumnStatisticsDesc statsDesc = colStats.getStatsDesc();

      // DataNucleus objects get detached all over the place for no (real) reason.
      // So let's not use them anywhere unless absolutely necessary.
      Table table = ensureGetTable(statsDesc.getDbName(), statsDesc.getTableName());
      for (ColumnStatisticsObj statsObj:statsObjs) {
        // We have to get mtable again because DataNucleus.
        MTableColumnStatistics mStatsObj = StatObjectConverter.convertToMTableColumnStatistics(
            ensureGetMTable(statsDesc.getDbName(), statsDesc.getTableName()), statsDesc, statsObj);
        writeMTableColumnStatistics(table, mStatsObj);
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      return committed;
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean updatePartitionColumnStatistics(ColumnStatistics colStats, List partVals)
    throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    boolean committed = false;

    try {
    openTransaction();
    List statsObjs = colStats.getStatsObj();
    ColumnStatisticsDesc statsDesc = colStats.getStatsDesc();
    Table table = ensureGetTable(statsDesc.getDbName(), statsDesc.getTableName());
    Partition partition = convertToPart(getMPartition(
        statsDesc.getDbName(), statsDesc.getTableName(), partVals));
    for (ColumnStatisticsObj statsObj:statsObjs) {
      // We have to get partition again because DataNucleus
      MPartition mPartition = getMPartition(
          statsDesc.getDbName(), statsDesc.getTableName(), partVals);
      if (partition == null) {
        throw new NoSuchObjectException("Partition for which stats is gathered doesn't exist.");
      }
      MPartitionColumnStatistics mStatsObj =
          StatObjectConverter.convertToMPartitionColumnStatistics(mPartition, statsDesc, statsObj);
      writeMPartitionColumnStatistics(table, partition, mStatsObj);
    }
    committed = commitTransaction();
    return committed;
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private List getMTableColumnStatistics(
      Table table, List colNames) throws MetaException {
    boolean committed = false;
    openTransaction();
    try {
      List result = null;
      validateTableCols(table, colNames);

      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnStatistics.class);
      String filter = "tableName == t1 && dbName == t2 && (";
      String paramStr = "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2";
      Object[] params = new Object[colNames.size() + 2];
      params[0] = table.getTableName();
      params[1] = table.getDbName();
      for (int i = 0; i < colNames.size(); ++i) {
        filter += ((i == 0) ? "" : " || ") + "colName == c" + i;
        paramStr += ", java.lang.String c" + i;
        params[i + 2] = colNames.get(i);
      }
      filter += ")";
      query.setFilter(filter);
      query.declareParameters(paramStr);
      result = (List) query.executeWithArray(params);
      pm.retrieveAll(result);
      if (result.size() > colNames.size()) {
        throw new MetaException(
            "Unexpected " + result.size() + " statistics for " + colNames.size() + " columns");
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
      return result;
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      LOG.error("Error retrieving statistics via jdo", ex);
      if (ex instanceof MetaException) {
        throw (MetaException)ex;
      }
      throw new MetaException(ex.getMessage());
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        return Lists.newArrayList();
      }
    }
  }

  private void validateTableCols(Table table, List colNames) throws MetaException {
    List colList = table.getSd().getCols();
    for (String colName : colNames) {
      boolean foundCol = false;
      for (FieldSchema mCol : colList) {
        if (mCol.getName().equals(colName.trim())) {
          foundCol = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!foundCol) {
        throw new MetaException("Column " + colName + " doesn't exist.");
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public ColumnStatistics getTableColumnStatistics(String dbName, String tableName,
      List colNames) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return getTableColumnStatisticsInternal(dbName, tableName, colNames, true, true);
  }

  protected ColumnStatistics getTableColumnStatisticsInternal(
      String dbName, String tableName, final List colNames, boolean allowSql,
      boolean allowJdo) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return new GetStatHelper(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName),
        HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName), allowSql, allowJdo) {
      @Override
      protected ColumnStatistics getSqlResult(GetHelper ctx) throws MetaException {
        return directSql.getTableStats(dbName, tblName, colNames);
      }
      @Override
      protected ColumnStatistics getJdoResult(
          GetHelper ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        List mStats = getMTableColumnStatistics(getTable(), colNames);
        if (mStats.isEmpty()) return null;
        // LastAnalyzed is stored per column, but thrift object has it per multiple columns.
        // Luckily, nobody actually uses it, so we will set to lowest value of all columns for now.
        ColumnStatisticsDesc desc = StatObjectConverter.getTableColumnStatisticsDesc(mStats.get(0));
        List statObjs = new ArrayList(mStats.size());
        for (MTableColumnStatistics mStat : mStats) {
          if (desc.getLastAnalyzed() > mStat.getLastAnalyzed()) {
            desc.setLastAnalyzed(mStat.getLastAnalyzed());
          }
          statObjs.add(StatObjectConverter.getTableColumnStatisticsObj(mStat));
          Deadline.checkTimeout();
        }
        return new ColumnStatistics(desc, statObjs);
      }
    }.run(true);
  }

  @Override
  public List getPartitionColumnStatistics(String dbName, String tableName,
      List partNames, List colNames) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return getPartitionColumnStatisticsInternal(
        dbName, tableName, partNames, colNames, true, true);
  }

  protected List getPartitionColumnStatisticsInternal(
      String dbName, String tableName, final List partNames, final List colNames,
      boolean allowSql, boolean allowJdo) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    return new GetListHelper(dbName, tableName, allowSql, allowJdo) {
      @Override
      protected List getSqlResult(
          GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException {
        return directSql.getPartitionStats(dbName, tblName, partNames, colNames);
      }
      @Override
      protected List getJdoResult(
          GetHelper> ctx) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        List mStats =
            getMPartitionColumnStatistics(getTable(), partNames, colNames);
        List result = new ArrayList(
            Math.min(mStats.size(), partNames.size()));
        String lastPartName = null;
        List curList = null;
        ColumnStatisticsDesc csd = null;
        for (int i = 0; i <= mStats.size(); ++i) {
          boolean isLast = i == mStats.size();
          MPartitionColumnStatistics mStatsObj = isLast ? null : mStats.get(i);
          String partName = isLast ? null : (String)mStatsObj.getPartitionName();
          if (isLast || !partName.equals(lastPartName)) {
            if (i != 0) {
              result.add(new ColumnStatistics(csd, curList));
            }
            if (isLast) {
              continue;
            }
            csd = StatObjectConverter.getPartitionColumnStatisticsDesc(mStatsObj);
            curList = new ArrayList(colNames.size());
          }
          curList.add(StatObjectConverter.getPartitionColumnStatisticsObj(mStatsObj));
          lastPartName = partName;
          Deadline.checkTimeout();
        }
        return result;
      }
    }.run(true);
  }


  @Override
  public AggrStats get_aggr_stats_for(String dbName, String tblName,
      final List partNames, final List colNames) throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
    final boolean  useDensityFunctionForNDVEstimation = HiveConf.getBoolVar(getConf(), HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_METASTORE_STATS_NDV_DENSITY_FUNCTION);
    return new GetHelper(dbName, tblName, true, false) {
      @Override
      protected AggrStats getSqlResult(GetHelper ctx)
          throws MetaException {
        return directSql.aggrColStatsForPartitions(dbName, tblName, partNames,
            colNames, useDensityFunctionForNDVEstimation);
      }
      @Override
      protected AggrStats getJdoResult(GetHelper ctx)
          throws MetaException, NoSuchObjectException {
        // This is fast path for query optimizations, if we can find this info
        // quickly using
        // directSql, do it. No point in failing back to slow path here.
        throw new MetaException("Jdo path is not implemented for stats aggr.");
      }
      @Override
      protected String describeResult() {
        return null;
      }
    }.run(true);
  }

  private List getMPartitionColumnStatistics(
      Table table, List partNames, List colNames)
          throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean committed = false;
    MPartitionColumnStatistics mStatsObj = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      // We are not going to verify SD for each partition. Just verify for the table.
      validateTableCols(table, colNames);
      boolean foundCol = false;
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionColumnStatistics.class);
      String paramStr = "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2";
      String filter = "tableName == t1 && dbName == t2 && (";
      Object[] params = new Object[colNames.size() + partNames.size() + 2];
      int i = 0;
      params[i++] = table.getTableName();
      params[i++] = table.getDbName();
      int firstI = i;
      for (String s : partNames) {
        filter += ((i == firstI) ? "" : " || ") + "partitionName == p" + i;
        paramStr += ", java.lang.String p" + i;
        params[i++] = s;
      }
      filter += ") && (";
      firstI = i;
      for (String s : colNames) {
        filter += ((i == firstI) ? "" : " || ") + "colName == c" + i;
        paramStr += ", java.lang.String c" + i;
        params[i++] = s;
      }
      filter += ")";
      query.setFilter(filter);
      query.declareParameters(paramStr);
      query.setOrdering("partitionName ascending");
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      List result =
          (List) query.executeWithArray(params);
      pm.retrieveAll(result);
      committed = commitTransaction();
      return result;
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      LOG.error("Error retrieving statistics via jdo", ex);
      if (ex instanceof MetaException) {
        throw (MetaException)ex;
      }
      throw new MetaException(ex.getMessage());
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        return Lists.newArrayList();
      }
    }
  }

  private void dropPartitionColumnStatisticsNoTxn(
      String dbName, String tableName, List partNames) throws MetaException {
    ObjectPair queryWithParams = makeQueryByPartitionNames(
        dbName, tableName, partNames, MPartitionColumnStatistics.class,
        "tableName", "dbName", "partition.partitionName");
    queryWithParams.getFirst().deletePersistentAll(queryWithParams.getSecond());
  }

  @Override
  public boolean deletePartitionColumnStatistics(String dbName, String tableName,
    String partName, List partVals, String colName)
    throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    boolean ret = false;

    if (dbName == null) {
      dbName = MetaStoreUtils.DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME;
    }

    if (tableName == null) {
      throw new InvalidInputException("Table name is null.");
    }

    try {
      openTransaction();
      MTable mTable = getMTable(dbName, tableName);
      MPartitionColumnStatistics mStatsObj;
      List mStatsObjColl;

      if (mTable == null) {
        throw new
          NoSuchObjectException("Table " + tableName +
          "  for which stats deletion is requested doesn't exist");
      }

      MPartition mPartition =
          getMPartition(dbName, tableName, partVals);

      if (mPartition == null) {
        throw new
          NoSuchObjectException("Partition " + partName +
          " for which stats deletion is requested doesn't exist");
      }

      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionColumnStatistics.class);
      String filter;
      String parameters;

      if (colName != null) {
        filter = "partition.partitionName == t1 && dbName == t2 && tableName == t3 && " +
                    "colName == t4";
        parameters = "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, " +
                        "java.lang.String t3, java.lang.String t4";
      } else {
        filter = "partition.partitionName == t1 && dbName == t2 && tableName == t3";
        parameters = "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3";
      }

      query.setFilter(filter);
      query
        .declareParameters(parameters);

      if (colName != null) {
        query.setUnique(true);
        mStatsObj = (MPartitionColumnStatistics)query.executeWithArray(partName.trim(),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(colName));
        pm.retrieve(mStatsObj);

        if (mStatsObj != null) {
          pm.deletePersistent(mStatsObj);
        } else {
          throw new NoSuchObjectException("Column stats doesn't exist for db=" +dbName + " table="
              + tableName + " partition=" + partName + " col=" + colName);
        }
      } else {
        mStatsObjColl= (List)query.execute(partName.trim(),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName));
        pm.retrieveAll(mStatsObjColl);

        if (mStatsObjColl != null) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(mStatsObjColl);
        } else {
          throw new NoSuchObjectException("Column stats doesn't exist for db=" + dbName +
            " table=" + tableName + " partition" + partName);
        }
      }
      ret = commitTransaction();
    } catch(NoSuchObjectException e) {
       rollbackTransaction();
       throw e;
    } finally {
      if (!ret) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean deleteTableColumnStatistics(String dbName, String tableName, String colName)
    throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException
  {
    boolean ret = false;

    if (dbName == null) {
      dbName = MetaStoreUtils.DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME;
    }

    if (tableName == null) {
      throw new InvalidInputException("Table name is null.");
    }

    try {
      openTransaction();
      MTable mTable = getMTable(dbName, tableName);
      MTableColumnStatistics mStatsObj;
        List mStatsObjColl;

      if (mTable == null) {
        throw new
          NoSuchObjectException("Table " + tableName +
          "  for which stats deletion is requested doesn't exist");
      }

      Query query = pm.newQuery(MTableColumnStatistics.class);
      String filter;
      String parameters;

      if (colName != null) {
        filter = "table.tableName == t1 && dbName == t2 && colName == t3";
        parameters = "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3";
      } else {
        filter = "table.tableName == t1 && dbName == t2";
        parameters = "java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2";
      }

      query.setFilter(filter);
      query
        .declareParameters(parameters);

      if (colName != null) {
        query.setUnique(true);
        mStatsObj = (MTableColumnStatistics)query.execute(
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(colName));
        pm.retrieve(mStatsObj);

        if (mStatsObj != null) {
          pm.deletePersistent(mStatsObj);
        } else {
          throw new NoSuchObjectException("Column stats doesn't exist for db=" +dbName + " table="
              + tableName + " col=" + colName);
        }
      } else {
        mStatsObjColl= (List)query.execute(
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName),
            HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName));
        pm.retrieveAll(mStatsObjColl);

        if (mStatsObjColl != null) {
          pm.deletePersistentAll(mStatsObjColl);
        } else {
          throw new NoSuchObjectException("Column stats doesn't exist for db=" + dbName +
            " table=" + tableName);
        }
      }
      ret = commitTransaction();
    } catch(NoSuchObjectException e) {
       rollbackTransaction();
       throw e;
    } finally {
      if (!ret) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  @Override
  public long cleanupEvents() {
    boolean commited = false;
    long delCnt;
    LOG.debug("Begin executing cleanupEvents");
    Long expiryTime = HiveConf.getTimeVar(getConf(), ConfVars.METASTORE_EVENT_EXPIRY_DURATION, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    Long curTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MPartitionEvent.class,"curTime - eventTime > expiryTime");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.Long curTime, java.lang.Long expiryTime");
      delCnt = query.deletePersistentAll(curTime, expiryTime);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    }
    finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
      LOG.debug("Done executing cleanupEvents");
    }
    return delCnt;
  }

  private MDelegationToken getTokenFrom(String tokenId) {
    Query query = pm.newQuery(MDelegationToken.class, "tokenIdentifier == tokenId");
    query.declareParameters("java.lang.String tokenId");
    query.setUnique(true);
    return (MDelegationToken)query.execute(tokenId);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean addToken(String tokenId, String delegationToken) {

    LOG.debug("Begin executing addToken");
    boolean committed = false;
    MDelegationToken token;
    try{
      openTransaction();
      token = getTokenFrom(tokenId);
      if (token == null) {
        // add Token, only if it already doesn't exist
        pm.makePersistent(new MDelegationToken(tokenId, delegationToken));
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing addToken with status : " + committed);
    return committed && (token == null);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean removeToken(String tokenId) {

    LOG.debug("Begin executing removeToken");
    boolean committed = false;
    MDelegationToken token;
    try{
      openTransaction();
      token = getTokenFrom(tokenId);
      if (null != token) {
        pm.deletePersistent(token);
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing removeToken with status : " + committed);
    return committed && (token != null);
  }

  @Override
  public String getToken(String tokenId) {

    LOG.debug("Begin executing getToken");
    boolean committed = false;
    MDelegationToken token;
    try{
      openTransaction();
      token = getTokenFrom(tokenId);
      if (null != token) {
        pm.retrieve(token);
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing getToken with status : " + committed);
    return (null == token) ? null : token.getTokenStr();
  }

  @Override
  public List getAllTokenIdentifiers() {

    LOG.debug("Begin executing getAllTokenIdentifiers");
    boolean committed = false;
    List tokens;
    try{
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MDelegationToken.class);
      tokens = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(tokens);
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing getAllTokenIdentifers with status : " + committed);
    List tokenIdents = new ArrayList(tokens.size());

    for (MDelegationToken token : tokens) {
      tokenIdents.add(token.getTokenIdentifier());
    }
    return tokenIdents;
  }

  @Override
  public int addMasterKey(String key) throws MetaException{
    LOG.debug("Begin executing addMasterKey");
    boolean committed = false;
    MMasterKey masterKey = new MMasterKey(key);
    try{
      openTransaction();
      pm.makePersistent(masterKey);
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing addMasterKey with status : " + committed);
    if (committed) {
      return ((IntIdentity)pm.getObjectId(masterKey)).getKey();
    } else {
      throw new MetaException("Failed to add master key.");
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void updateMasterKey(Integer id, String key) throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException {
    LOG.debug("Begin executing updateMasterKey");
    boolean committed = false;
    MMasterKey masterKey;
    try{
    openTransaction();
    Query query = pm.newQuery(MMasterKey.class, "keyId == id");
    query.declareParameters("java.lang.Integer id");
    query.setUnique(true);
    masterKey = (MMasterKey)query.execute(id);
    if (null != masterKey) {
      masterKey.setMasterKey(key);
    }
    committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing updateMasterKey with status : " + committed);
    if (null == masterKey) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException("No key found with keyId: " + id);
    }
    if (!committed) {
      throw new MetaException("Though key is found, failed to update it. " + id);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean removeMasterKey(Integer id) {
    LOG.debug("Begin executing removeMasterKey");
    boolean success = false;
    MMasterKey masterKey;
    try{
    openTransaction();
    Query query = pm.newQuery(MMasterKey.class, "keyId == id");
    query.declareParameters("java.lang.Integer id");
    query.setUnique(true);
    masterKey = (MMasterKey)query.execute(id);
    if (null != masterKey) {
      pm.deletePersistent(masterKey);
    }
    success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing removeMasterKey with status : " + success);
    return (null != masterKey) && success;
  }

  @Override
  public String[] getMasterKeys() {
    LOG.debug("Begin executing getMasterKeys");
    boolean committed = false;
    List keys;
    try{
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MMasterKey.class);
      keys = (List) query.execute();
      pm.retrieveAll(keys);
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if(!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    LOG.debug("Done executing getMasterKeys with status : " + committed);
    String[] masterKeys = new String[keys.size()];

    for (int i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++) {
      masterKeys[i] = keys.get(i).getMasterKey();
    }
    return masterKeys;
  }

  // compare hive version and metastore version
  @Override
  public void verifySchema() throws MetaException {
    // If the schema version is already checked, then go ahead and use this metastore
    if (isSchemaVerified.get()) {
      return;
    }
    checkSchema();
  }

  public static void setSchemaVerified(boolean val) {
    isSchemaVerified.set(val);
  }

  private synchronized void checkSchema() throws MetaException {
    // recheck if it got verified by another thread while we were waiting
    if (isSchemaVerified.get()) {
      return;
    }

    boolean strictValidation =
      HiveConf.getBoolVar(getConf(), HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTORE_SCHEMA_VERIFICATION);
    // read the schema version stored in metastore db
    String schemaVer = getMetaStoreSchemaVersion();
    if (schemaVer == null) {
      if (strictValidation) {
        throw new MetaException("Version information not found in metastore. ");
      } else {
        LOG.warn("Version information not found in metastore. "
            + HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTORE_SCHEMA_VERIFICATION.toString() +
            " is not enabled so recording the schema version " +
            MetaStoreSchemaInfo.getHiveSchemaVersion());
        setMetaStoreSchemaVersion(MetaStoreSchemaInfo.getHiveSchemaVersion(),
          "Set by MetaStore " + USER + "@" + HOSTNAME);
      }
    } else {
      // metastore schema version is different than Hive distribution needs
      if (schemaVer.equalsIgnoreCase(MetaStoreSchemaInfo.getHiveSchemaVersion())) {
        LOG.debug("Found expected HMS version of " + schemaVer);
      } else {
        if (strictValidation) {
          throw new MetaException("Hive Schema version "
              + MetaStoreSchemaInfo.getHiveSchemaVersion() +
              " does not match metastore's schema version " + schemaVer +
              " Metastore is not upgraded or corrupt");
        } else {
          LOG.error("Version information found in metastore differs " + schemaVer +
              " from expected schema version " + MetaStoreSchemaInfo.getHiveSchemaVersion() +
              ". Schema verififcation is disabled " +
              HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTORE_SCHEMA_VERIFICATION + " so setting version.");
          setMetaStoreSchemaVersion(MetaStoreSchemaInfo.getHiveSchemaVersion(),
            "Set by MetaStore " + USER + "@" + HOSTNAME);
        }
      }
    }
    isSchemaVerified.set(true);
    return;
  }

  // load the schema version stored in metastore db
  @Override
  public String getMetaStoreSchemaVersion() throws MetaException {

    MVersionTable mSchemaVer;
    try {
      mSchemaVer = getMSchemaVersion();
    } catch (NoSuchObjectException e) {
      return null;
    }
    return mSchemaVer.getSchemaVersion();
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private MVersionTable getMSchemaVersion()
      throws NoSuchObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean committed = false;
    List mVerTables = new ArrayList();

    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MVersionTable.class);

      try {
        mVerTables = (List)query.execute();
        pm.retrieveAll(mVerTables);
      } catch (JDODataStoreException e) {
        if (e.getCause() instanceof MissingTableException) {
          throw new MetaException("Version table not found. " +
              "The metastore is not upgraded to " + MetaStoreSchemaInfo.getHiveSchemaVersion());
        } else {
          throw e;
        }
      }
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    if (mVerTables.isEmpty()) {
      throw new NoSuchObjectException("No matching version found");
    }
    if (mVerTables.size() > 1) {
      String msg = "Metastore contains multiple versions (" + mVerTables.size() + ") ";
      for (MVersionTable version : mVerTables) {
        msg += "[ version = " + version.getSchemaVersion() + ", comment = " + version.getVersionComment() + " ] ";
      }
      throw new MetaException(msg.trim());
    }
    return mVerTables.get(0);
  }

  @Override
  public void setMetaStoreSchemaVersion(String schemaVersion, String comment) throws MetaException {
    MVersionTable mSchemaVer;
    boolean commited = false;
    boolean recordVersion =
      HiveConf.getBoolVar(getConf(), HiveConf.ConfVars.METASTORE_SCHEMA_VERIFICATION_RECORD_VERSION);
    if (!recordVersion) {
      LOG.warn("setMetaStoreSchemaVersion called but recording version is disabled: " +
        "version = " + schemaVersion + ", comment = " + comment);
      return;
    }

    try {
      mSchemaVer = getMSchemaVersion();
    } catch (NoSuchObjectException e) {
      // if the version doesn't exist, then create it
      mSchemaVer = new MVersionTable();
    }

    mSchemaVer.setSchemaVersion(schemaVersion);
    mSchemaVer.setVersionComment(comment);
    try {
      openTransaction();
      pm.makePersistent(mSchemaVer);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean doesPartitionExist(String dbName, String tableName, List partVals)
      throws MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      tableName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(tableName);

      // TODO: this could also be passed from upper layer; or this method should filter the list.
      MTable mtbl = getMTable(dbName, tableName);
      if (mtbl == null) {
        success = commitTransaction();
        return false;
      }

      Query query = pm.newQuery(
          "select partitionName from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MPartition "
          + "where table.tableName == t1 && table.database.name == t2 && partitionName == t3");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String t1, java.lang.String t2, java.lang.String t3");
      query.setUnique(true);
      query.setResult("partitionName");
      String name = Warehouse.makePartName(
          convertToFieldSchemas(mtbl.getPartitionKeys()), partVals);
      String result = (String)query.execute(tableName, dbName, name);
      success = commitTransaction();
      return result != null;
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }


  private void debugLog(String message) {
    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
      LOG.debug(message + getCallStack());
    }
  }

  private static final int stackLimit = 5;

  private String getCallStack() {
    StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
    int thislimit = Math.min(stackLimit, stackTrace.length);
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append(" at:");
    for (int i = 4; i < thislimit; i++) {
      sb.append("\n\t");
      sb.append(stackTrace[i].toString());
    }
    return sb.toString();
  }

  private Function convertToFunction(MFunction mfunc) {
    if (mfunc == null) {
      return null;
    }

    Function func = new Function(mfunc.getFunctionName(),
        mfunc.getDatabase().getName(),
        mfunc.getClassName(),
        mfunc.getOwnerName(),
        PrincipalType.valueOf(mfunc.getOwnerType()),
        mfunc.getCreateTime(),
        FunctionType.findByValue(mfunc.getFunctionType()),
        convertToResourceUriList(mfunc.getResourceUris()));
    return func;
  }

  private MFunction convertToMFunction(Function func) throws InvalidObjectException {
    if (func == null) {
      return null;
    }

    MDatabase mdb = null;
    try {
      mdb = getMDatabase(func.getDbName());
    } catch (NoSuchObjectException e) {
      LOG.error(StringUtils.stringifyException(e));
      throw new InvalidObjectException("Database " + func.getDbName() + " doesn't exist.");
    }

    MFunction mfunc = new MFunction(func.getFunctionName(),
        mdb,
        func.getClassName(),
        func.getOwnerName(),
        func.getOwnerType().name(),
        func.getCreateTime(),
        func.getFunctionType().getValue(),
        convertToMResourceUriList(func.getResourceUris()));
    return mfunc;
  }

  private List convertToResourceUriList(List mresourceUriList) {
    List resourceUriList = null;
    if (mresourceUriList != null) {
      resourceUriList = new ArrayList(mresourceUriList.size());
      for (MResourceUri mres : mresourceUriList) {
        resourceUriList.add(
            new ResourceUri(ResourceType.findByValue(mres.getResourceType()), mres.getUri()));
      }
    }
    return resourceUriList;
  }

  private List convertToMResourceUriList(List resourceUriList) {
    List mresourceUriList = null;
    if (resourceUriList != null) {
      mresourceUriList = new ArrayList(resourceUriList.size());
      for (ResourceUri res : resourceUriList) {
        mresourceUriList.add(new MResourceUri(res.getResourceType().getValue(), res.getUri()));
      }
    }
    return mresourceUriList;
  }

  @Override
  public void createFunction(Function func) throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean committed = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MFunction mfunc = convertToMFunction(func);
      pm.makePersistent(mfunc);
      committed = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!committed) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void alterFunction(String dbName, String funcName, Function newFunction)
      throws InvalidObjectException, MetaException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      funcName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(funcName);
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      MFunction newf = convertToMFunction(newFunction);
      if (newf == null) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("new function is invalid");
      }

      MFunction oldf = getMFunction(dbName, funcName);
      if (oldf == null) {
        throw new MetaException("function " + funcName + " doesn't exist");
      }

      // For now only alter name, owner, class name, type
      oldf.setFunctionName(HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(newf.getFunctionName()));
      oldf.setDatabase(newf.getDatabase());
      oldf.setOwnerName(newf.getOwnerName());
      oldf.setOwnerType(newf.getOwnerType());
      oldf.setClassName(newf.getClassName());
      oldf.setFunctionType(newf.getFunctionType());

      // commit the changes
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void dropFunction(String dbName, String funcName) throws MetaException,
  NoSuchObjectException, InvalidObjectException, InvalidInputException {
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      MFunction mfunc = getMFunction(dbName, funcName);
      pm.retrieve(mfunc);
      if (mfunc != null) {
        // TODO: When function privileges are implemented, they should be deleted here.
        pm.deletePersistentAll(mfunc);
      }
      success = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!success) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private MFunction getMFunction(String db, String function) {
    MFunction mfunc = null;
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      db = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(db);
      function = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(function);
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MFunction.class, "functionName == function && database.name == db");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.String function, java.lang.String db");
      query.setUnique(true);
      mfunc = (MFunction) query.execute(function, db);
      pm.retrieve(mfunc);
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return mfunc;
  }

  @Override
  public Function getFunction(String dbName, String funcName) throws MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    Function func = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      func = convertToFunction(getMFunction(dbName, funcName));
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return func;
  }

  @Override
  public List getFunctions(String dbName, String pattern)
      throws MetaException {
    boolean commited = false;
    List funcs = null;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      dbName = HiveStringUtils.normalizeIdentifier(dbName);
      // Take the pattern and split it on the | to get all the composing
      // patterns
      String[] subpatterns = pattern.trim().split("\\|");
      String query =
        "select functionName from org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.model.MFunction "
        + "where database.name == dbName && (";
      boolean first = true;
      for (String subpattern : subpatterns) {
        subpattern = "(?i)" + subpattern.replaceAll("\\*", ".*");
        if (!first) {
          query = query + " || ";
        }
        query = query + " functionName.matches(\"" + subpattern + "\")";
        first = false;
      }
      query = query + ")";

      Query q = pm.newQuery(query);
      q.declareParameters("java.lang.String dbName");
      q.setResult("functionName");
      q.setOrdering("functionName ascending");
      Collection names = (Collection) q.execute(dbName);
      funcs = new ArrayList();
      for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
        funcs.add((String) i.next());
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
    return funcs;
  }

  @Override
  public NotificationEventResponse getNextNotification(NotificationEventRequest rqst) {
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      long lastEvent = rqst.getLastEvent();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MNotificationLog.class, "eventId > lastEvent");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.Long lastEvent");
      query.setOrdering("eventId ascending");
      Collection events = (Collection)query.execute(lastEvent);
      commited = commitTransaction();
      if (events == null) {
        return null;
      }
      Iterator i = events.iterator();
      NotificationEventResponse result = new NotificationEventResponse();
      result.setEvents(new ArrayList());
      int maxEvents = rqst.getMaxEvents() > 0 ? rqst.getMaxEvents() : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
      int numEvents = 0;
      while (i.hasNext() && numEvents++ < maxEvents) {
        result.addToEvents(translateDbToThrift(i.next()));
      }
      return result;
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
        return null;
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void addNotificationEvent(NotificationEvent entry) {
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MNotificationNextId.class);
      Collection ids = (Collection) query.execute();
      MNotificationNextId id = null;
      boolean needToPersistId;
      if (ids == null || ids.size() == 0) {
        id = new MNotificationNextId(1L);
        needToPersistId = true;
      } else {
        id = ids.iterator().next();
        needToPersistId = false;
      }
      entry.setEventId(id.getNextEventId());
      id.incrementEventId();
      if (needToPersistId) pm.makePersistent(id);
      pm.makePersistent(translateThriftToDb(entry));
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void cleanNotificationEvents(int olderThan) {
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      long tmp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 - olderThan;
      int tooOld = (tmp > Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? 0 : (int)tmp;
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MNotificationLog.class, "eventTime < tooOld");
      query.declareParameters("java.lang.Integer tooOld");
      Collection toBeRemoved = (Collection)query.execute(tooOld);
      if (toBeRemoved != null && toBeRemoved.size() > 0) {
        pm.deletePersistent(toBeRemoved);
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public CurrentNotificationEventId getCurrentNotificationEventId() {
    boolean commited = false;
    try {
      openTransaction();
      Query query = pm.newQuery(MNotificationNextId.class);
      Collection ids = (Collection)query.execute();
      long id = 0;
      if (ids != null && ids.size() > 0) {
        id = ids.iterator().next().getNextEventId() - 1;
      }
      commited = commitTransaction();
      return new CurrentNotificationEventId(id);
    } finally {
      if (!commited) {
        rollbackTransaction();
      }
    }
  }

  private MNotificationLog translateThriftToDb(NotificationEvent entry) {
    MNotificationLog dbEntry = new MNotificationLog();
    dbEntry.setEventId(entry.getEventId());
    dbEntry.setEventTime(entry.getEventTime());
    dbEntry.setEventType(entry.getEventType());
    dbEntry.setDbName(entry.getDbName());
    dbEntry.setTableName(entry.getTableName());
    dbEntry.setMessage(entry.getMessage());
    return dbEntry;
  }

  private NotificationEvent translateDbToThrift(MNotificationLog dbEvent) {
    NotificationEvent event = new NotificationEvent();
    event.setEventId(dbEvent.getEventId());
    event.setEventTime(dbEvent.getEventTime());
    event.setEventType(dbEvent.getEventType());
    event.setDbName(dbEvent.getDbName());
    event.setTableName(dbEvent.getTableName());
    event.setMessage((dbEvent.getMessage()));
    return event;
  }



}
    
    
    
    

    




    
    
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