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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.avro.io;
import java.io.Flushable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import org.apache.avro.util.Utf8;
/**
* Low-level support for serializing Avro values.
*
* This class has two types of methods. One type of methods support the writing
* of leaf values (for example, {@link #writeLong} and {@link #writeString}).
* These methods have analogs in {@link Decoder}.
*
* The other type of methods support the writing of maps and arrays. These
* methods are {@link #writeArrayStart}, {@link #startItem}, and
* {@link #writeArrayEnd} (and similar methods for maps). Some implementations
* of {@link Encoder} handle the buffering required to break large maps and
* arrays into blocks, which is necessary for applications that want to do
* streaming. (See {@link #writeArrayStart} for details on these methods.)
*
* {@link EncoderFactory} contains Encoder construction and configuration
* facilities.
*
* @see EncoderFactory
* @see Decoder
*/
public abstract class Encoder implements Flushable {
/**
* "Writes" a null value. (Doesn't actually write anything, but advances the
* state of the parser if this class is stateful.)
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a null is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeNull() throws IOException;
/**
* Write a boolean value.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a boolean is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeBoolean(boolean b) throws IOException;
/**
* Writes a 32-bit integer.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and an integer is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeInt(int n) throws IOException;
/**
* Write a 64-bit integer.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a long is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeLong(long n) throws IOException;
/**
* Write a float.
*
* @throws IOException
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a float is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeFloat(float f) throws IOException;
/**
* Write a double.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a double is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeDouble(double d) throws IOException;
/**
* Write a Unicode character string.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a char-string is
* not expected
*/
public abstract void writeString(Utf8 utf8) throws IOException;
/**
* Write a Unicode character string. The default implementation converts the
* String to a {@link org.apache.avro.util.Utf8}. Some Encoder implementations
* may want to do something different as a performance optimization.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a char-string is
* not expected
*/
public void writeString(String str) throws IOException {
writeString(new Utf8(str));
}
/**
* Write a Unicode character string. If the CharSequence is an
* {@link org.apache.avro.util.Utf8} it writes this directly, otherwise the
* CharSequence is converted to a String via toString() and written.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a char-string is
* not expected
*/
public void writeString(CharSequence charSequence) throws IOException {
if (charSequence instanceof Utf8)
writeString((Utf8) charSequence);
else
writeString(charSequence.toString());
}
/**
* Write a byte string.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a byte-string is
* not expected
*/
public abstract void writeBytes(ByteBuffer bytes) throws IOException;
/**
* Write a byte string.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a byte-string is
* not expected
*/
public abstract void writeBytes(byte[] bytes, int start, int len) throws IOException;
/**
* Writes a byte string. Equivalent to
* writeBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.length)
*
* @throws IOException
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a byte-string is
* not expected
*/
public void writeBytes(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
writeBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
}
/**
* Writes a fixed size binary object.
*
* @param bytes The contents to write
* @param start The position within bytes where the contents start.
* @param len The number of bytes to write.
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a byte-string is
* not expected
* @throws IOException
*/
public abstract void writeFixed(byte[] bytes, int start, int len) throws IOException;
/**
* A shorthand for writeFixed(bytes, 0, bytes.length)
*
* @param bytes
*/
public void writeFixed(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
writeFixed(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
}
/** Writes a fixed from a ByteBuffer. */
public void writeFixed(ByteBuffer bytes) throws IOException {
int pos = bytes.position();
int len = bytes.limit() - pos;
if (bytes.hasArray()) {
writeFixed(bytes.array(), bytes.arrayOffset() + pos, len);
} else {
byte[] b = new byte[len];
bytes.duplicate().get(b, 0, len);
writeFixed(b, 0, len);
}
}
/**
* Writes an enumeration.
*
* @param e
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and an enumeration is
* not expected or the e is out of range.
* @throws IOException
*/
public abstract void writeEnum(int e) throws IOException;
/**
* Call this method to start writing an array.
*
* When starting to serialize an array, call {@link #writeArrayStart}. Then,
* before writing any data for any item call {@link #setItemCount} followed by a
* sequence of {@link #startItem()} and the item itself. The number of
* {@link #startItem()} should match the number specified in
* {@link #setItemCount}. When actually writing the data of the item, you can
* call any {@link Encoder} method (e.g., {@link #writeLong}). When all items of
* the array have been written, call {@link #writeArrayEnd}.
*
* As an example, let's say you want to write an array of records, the record
* consisting of an Long field and a Boolean field. Your code would look
* something like this:
*
*
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and an array is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeArrayStart() throws IOException;
/**
* Call this method before writing a batch of items in an array or a map. Then
* for each item, call {@link #startItem()} followed by any of the other write
* methods of {@link Encoder}. The number of calls to {@link #startItem()} must
* be equal to the count specified in {@link #setItemCount}. Once a batch is
* completed you can start another batch with {@link #setItemCount}.
*
* @param itemCount The number of {@link #startItem()} calls to follow.
* @throws IOException
*/
public abstract void setItemCount(long itemCount) throws IOException;
/**
* Start a new item of an array or map. See {@link #writeArrayStart} for usage
* information.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If called outside of an array or map context
*/
public abstract void startItem() throws IOException;
/**
* Call this method to finish writing an array. See {@link #writeArrayStart} for
* usage information.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If items written does not match count provided to
* {@link #writeArrayStart}
* @throws AvroTypeException If not currently inside an array
*/
public abstract void writeArrayEnd() throws IOException;
/**
* Call this to start a new map. See {@link #writeArrayStart} for details on
* usage.
*
* As an example of usage, let's say you want to write a map of records, the
* record consisting of an Long field and a Boolean field. Your code would look
* something like this:
*
*
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a map is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeMapStart() throws IOException;
/**
* Call this method to terminate the inner-most, currently-opened map. See
* {@link #writeArrayStart} for more details.
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If items written does not match count provided to
* {@link #writeMapStart}
* @throws AvroTypeException If not currently inside a map
*/
public abstract void writeMapEnd() throws IOException;
/**
* Call this method to write the tag of a union.
*
* As an example of usage, let's say you want to write a union, whose second
* branch is a record consisting of an Long field and a Boolean field. Your code
* would look something like this:
*
*
*
* @throws AvroTypeException If this is a stateful writer and a map is not
* expected
*/
public abstract void writeIndex(int unionIndex) throws IOException;
}