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package com.fasterxml.jackson.core.sym;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.util.InternCache;
/**
* Replacement for BytesToNameCanonicalizer which aims at more localized
* memory access due to flattening of name quad data.
* Performance improvement modest for simple JSON document data binding (maybe 3%),
* but should help more for larger symbol tables, or for binary formats like Smile.
*
* Hash area is divided into 4 sections:
*
* - Primary area (1/2 of total size), direct match from hash (LSB)
* - Secondary area (1/4 of total size), match from {@code hash (LSB) >> 1}
* - Tertiary area (1/8 of total size), match from {@code hash (LSB) >> 2}
* - Spill-over area (remaining 1/8) with linear scan, insertion order
*
*
* and within every area, entries are 4 {@code int}s, where 1 - 3 ints contain 1 - 12
* UTF-8 encoded bytes of name (null-padded), and last int is offset in
* {@code _names} that contains actual name Strings.
*
* @since 2.6
*/
public final class ByteQuadsCanonicalizer
{
/**
* Initial size of the primary hash area. Each entry consumes 4 ints (16 bytes),
* and secondary area is same as primary; so default size will use 2kB of memory
* (plus 64x4 or 64x8 (256/512 bytes) for references to Strings, and Strings
* themselves).
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_T_SIZE = 64;
// private static final int DEFAULT_T_SIZE = 256;
/**
* Let's not expand symbol tables past some maximum size;
* with unique (~= random) names.
* Size is in
*/
private static final int MAX_T_SIZE = 0x10000; // 64k entries == 2M mem hash area
/**
* No point in trying to construct tiny tables, just need to resize soon.
*/
private final static int MIN_HASH_SIZE = 16;
/**
* Let's only share reasonably sized symbol tables. Max size set to 3/4 of 8k;
* this corresponds to 256k main hash index. This should allow for enough distinct
* names for almost any case, while preventing ballooning for cases where names
* are unique (or close thereof).
*/
protected final static int MAX_ENTRIES_FOR_REUSE = 6000;
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Linkage, needed for merging symbol tables
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Reference to the root symbol table, for child tables, so
* that they can merge table information back as necessary.
*/
protected final ByteQuadsCanonicalizer _parent;
/**
* Member that is only used by the root table instance: root
* passes immutable state info child instances, and children
* may return new state if they add entries to the table.
* Child tables do NOT use the reference.
*/
protected final AtomicReference _tableInfo;
/**
* Seed value we use as the base to make hash codes non-static between
* different runs, but still stable for lifetime of a single symbol table
* instance.
* This is done for security reasons, to avoid potential DoS attack via
* hash collisions.
*/
protected final int _seed;
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Configuration
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Entity that knows how to {@code intern} Strings, if needed,
* or {@code null} if no interning is wanted.
*
* @since 2.16
*/
protected final InternCache _interner;
/**
* Flag that indicates whether we should throw an exception if enough
* hash collisions are detected (true); or just worked around (false).
*
* @since 2.4
*/
protected final boolean _failOnDoS;
/*
/**********************************************************
/* First, main hash area info
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Primary hash information area: consists of 2 * _hashSize
* entries of 16 bytes (4 ints), arranged in a cascading lookup
* structure (details of which may be tweaked depending on expected rates
* of collisions).
*/
protected int[] _hashArea;
/**
* Number of slots for primary entries within {@link #_hashArea}; which is
* at most 1/8 of actual size of the underlying array (4-int slots,
* primary covers only half of the area; plus, additional area for longer
* symbols after hash area).
*/
protected int _hashSize;
/**
* Offset within {@link #_hashArea} where secondary entries start
*/
protected int _secondaryStart;
/**
* Offset within {@link #_hashArea} where tertiary entries start
*/
protected int _tertiaryStart;
/**
* Constant that determines size of buckets for tertiary entries:
* 1 << _tertiaryShift is the size, and shift value
* is also used for translating from primary offset into
* tertiary bucket (shift right by 4 + _tertiaryShift).
*
* Default value is 2, for buckets of 4 slots; grows bigger with
* bigger table sizes.
*/
protected int _tertiaryShift;
/**
* Total number of Strings in the symbol table; only used for child tables.
*/
protected int _count;
/**
* Array that contains String instances matching
* entries in {@link #_hashArea}.
* Contains nulls for unused entries. Note that this size is twice
* that of {@link #_hashArea}
*/
protected String[] _names;
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Then information on collisions etc
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Pointer to the offset within spill-over area where there is room
* for more spilled over entries (if any).
* Spill over area is within fixed-size portion of {@link #_hashArea}.
*/
protected int _spilloverEnd;
/**
* Offset within {@link #_hashArea} that follows main slots and contains
* quads for longer names (13 bytes or longer), and points to the
* first available int that may be used for appending quads of the next
* long name.
* Note that long name area follows immediately after the fixed-size
* main hash area ({@link #_hashArea}).
*/
protected int _longNameOffset;
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Sharing, versioning
/**********************************************************
*/
// // // Which of the buffers may be shared (and are copy-on-write)?
/**
* Flag that indicates whether underlying data structures for
* the main hash area are shared or not. If they are, then they
* need to be handled in copy-on-write way, i.e. if they need
* to be modified, a copy needs to be made first; at this point
* it will not be shared any more, and can be modified.
*
* This flag needs to be checked both when adding new main entries,
* and when adding new collision list queues (i.e. creating a new
* collision list head entry)
*/
protected boolean _hashShared;
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Life-cycle: constructors
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Constructor used for creating per-{@code TokenStreamFactory} "root"
* symbol tables: ones used for merging and sharing common symbols
*
* @param sz Initial primary hash area size
* @param seed Random seed valued used to make it more difficult to cause
* collisions (used for collision-based DoS attacks).
*/
private ByteQuadsCanonicalizer(int sz, int seed)
{
// Settings to distinguish parent table: no parent
_parent = null;
_count = 0;
// and mark as shared just in case to prevent modifications
_hashShared = true;
_seed = seed;
_interner = null;
_failOnDoS = true;
// Sanity check: let's now allow hash sizes below certain minimum value
if (sz < MIN_HASH_SIZE) {
sz = MIN_HASH_SIZE;
} else {
// Also; size must be 2^N; otherwise hash algorithm won't
// work... so let's just pad it up, if so
if ((sz & (sz - 1)) != 0) { // only true if it's 2^N
int curr = MIN_HASH_SIZE;
while (curr < sz) {
curr += curr;
}
sz = curr;
}
}
_tableInfo = new AtomicReference<>(TableInfo.createInitial(sz));
}
/**
* Constructor used when creating a child instance
*/
private ByteQuadsCanonicalizer(ByteQuadsCanonicalizer parent, int seed,
TableInfo state,
boolean intern, boolean failOnDoS)
{
_parent = parent;
_seed = seed;
_interner = intern ? InternCache.instance : null;
_failOnDoS = failOnDoS;
_tableInfo = null; // not used by child tables
// Then copy shared state
_count = state.count;
_hashSize = state.size;
_secondaryStart = _hashSize << 2; // right after primary area
_tertiaryStart = _secondaryStart + (_secondaryStart >> 1); // right after secondary
_tertiaryShift = state.tertiaryShift;
_hashArea = state.mainHash;
_names = state.names;
_spilloverEnd = state.spilloverEnd;
_longNameOffset = state.longNameOffset;
// and then set other state to reflect sharing status
_hashShared = true;
}
/**
* Alternate constructor used in cases where a "placeholder" child
* instance is needed when symbol table is not really used, but
* caller needs a non-null placeholder to keep code functioning
* with minimal awareness of distinction (all lookups fail to match
* any name without error; add methods should NOT be called).
*
* @since 2.13
*/
private ByteQuadsCanonicalizer(TableInfo state)
{
_parent = null;
_seed = 0;
_interner = null;
_failOnDoS = true;
_tableInfo = null; // not used by child tables
// Then copy minimal pieces of shared state; only enough to guarantee
// we will neither find anything nor fail -- primary hash is enough
// for that purpose
_count = -1;
_hashArea = state.mainHash;
_names = state.names;
_hashSize = state.size;
// But otherwise can just use markers towards end of table to
// indicate error if access was attempted
final int end = _hashArea.length;
_secondaryStart = end;
_tertiaryStart = end;
_tertiaryShift = 1; // bogus
_spilloverEnd = end;
_longNameOffset = end;
// just in case something failed, to ensure copying would be done
_hashShared = true;
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Life-cycle: factory methods, merging
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Factory method to call to create a symbol table instance with a
* randomized seed value.
*
* @return Root instance to use for constructing new child instances
*/
public static ByteQuadsCanonicalizer createRoot() {
// Need to use a variable seed, to thwart hash-collision based attacks.
// 14-Feb-2017, tatu: Does this actually help?
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
// ensure it's not 0; and might as well require to be odd so:
int seed = (((int) now) + ((int) (now >>> 32))) | 1;
return createRoot(seed);
}
// Factory method that should only be called from unit tests, where seed
// value should remain the same.
protected static ByteQuadsCanonicalizer createRoot(int seed) {
return new ByteQuadsCanonicalizer(DEFAULT_T_SIZE, seed);
}
/**
* Factory method used to create actual symbol table instance to
* use for parsing.
*
* @param flags Bit flags of active {@link com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory.Feature}s enabled.
*
* @return Actual canonicalizer instance that can be used by a parser
*/
public ByteQuadsCanonicalizer makeChild(int flags) {
return new ByteQuadsCanonicalizer(this, _seed,
_tableInfo.get(),
JsonFactory.Feature.INTERN_FIELD_NAMES.enabledIn(flags),
JsonFactory.Feature.FAIL_ON_SYMBOL_HASH_OVERFLOW.enabledIn(flags));
}
/**
* Method similar to {@link #makeChild} but one that only creates real
* instance of {@link com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory.Feature#CANONICALIZE_FIELD_NAMES} is
* enabled: otherwise a "bogus" instance is created.
*
* @param flags Bit flags of active {@link com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory.Feature}s enabled.
*
* @return Actual canonicalizer instance that can be used by a parser if (and only if)
* canonicalization is enabled; otherwise a non-null "placeholder" instance.
*
* @since 2.13
*/
public ByteQuadsCanonicalizer makeChildOrPlaceholder(int flags) {
if (JsonFactory.Feature.CANONICALIZE_FIELD_NAMES.enabledIn(flags)) {
// inlined "makeChild()"
return new ByteQuadsCanonicalizer(this, _seed,
_tableInfo.get(),
JsonFactory.Feature.INTERN_FIELD_NAMES.enabledIn(flags),
JsonFactory.Feature.FAIL_ON_SYMBOL_HASH_OVERFLOW.enabledIn(flags));
}
return new ByteQuadsCanonicalizer(_tableInfo.get());
}
/**
* Method called by the using code to indicate it is done with this instance.
* This lets instance merge accumulated changes into parent (if need be),
* safely and efficiently, and without calling code having to know about parent
* information.
*/
public void release()
{
// we will try to merge if child table has new entries
// 28-Jul-2019, tatu: From [core#548]: do not share if immediate rehash needed
if ((_parent != null) && maybeDirty()) {
_parent.mergeChild(new TableInfo(this));
// Let's also mark this instance as dirty, so that just in
// case release was too early, there's no corruption of possibly shared data.
_hashShared = true;
}
}
private void mergeChild(TableInfo childState)
{
final int childCount = childState.count;
TableInfo currState = _tableInfo.get();
// Should usually grow; but occasionally could also shrink if (but only if)
// collision list overflow ends up clearing some collision lists.
if (childCount == currState.count) {
return;
}
// One caveat: let's try to avoid problems with degenerate cases of documents with
// generated "random" names: for these, symbol tables would bloat indefinitely.
// One way to do this is to just purge tables if they grow
// too large, and that's what we'll do here.
if (childCount > MAX_ENTRIES_FOR_REUSE) {
// At any rate, need to clean up the tables
childState = TableInfo.createInitial(DEFAULT_T_SIZE);
}
_tableInfo.compareAndSet(currState, childState);
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* API, accessors
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* @return Number of symbol entries contained by this canonicalizer instance
*/
public int size()
{
if (_tableInfo != null) { // root table
return _tableInfo.get().count;
}
// nope, child table
return _count;
}
/**
* @return number of primary slots table has currently
*/
public int bucketCount() { return _hashSize; }
/**
* Method called to check to quickly see if a child symbol table
* may have gotten additional entries. Used for checking to see
* if a child table should be merged into shared table.
*
* @return Whether main hash area has been modified
*/
public boolean maybeDirty() { return !_hashShared; }
public int hashSeed() { return _seed; }
/**
* @return True for "real", canonicalizing child tables; false for
* root table as well as placeholder "child" tables.
*
* @since 2.13
*/
public boolean isCanonicalizing() {
// couple of options, but for now missing parent linkage simplest:
return _parent != null;
}
/**
* Method mostly needed by unit tests; calculates number of
* entries that are in the primary slot set. These are
* "perfect" entries, accessible with a single lookup
*
* @return Number of entries in the primary hash area
*/
public int primaryCount()
{
int count = 0;
for (int offset = 3, end = _secondaryStart; offset < end; offset += 4) {
if (_hashArea[offset] != 0) {
++count;
}
}
return count;
}
/**
* Method mostly needed by unit tests; calculates number of entries
* in secondary buckets
*
* @return Number of entries in the secondary hash area
*/
public int secondaryCount() {
int count = 0;
int offset = _secondaryStart + 3;
for (int end = _tertiaryStart; offset < end; offset += 4) {
if (_hashArea[offset] != 0) {
++count;
}
}
return count;
}
/**
* Method mostly needed by unit tests; calculates number of entries
* in tertiary buckets
*
* @return Number of entries in the tertiary hash area
*/
public int tertiaryCount() {
int count = 0;
int offset = _tertiaryStart + 3; // to 1.5x, starting point of tertiary
for (int end = offset + _hashSize; offset < end; offset += 4) {
if (_hashArea[offset] != 0) {
++count;
}
}
return count;
}
/**
* Method mostly needed by unit tests; calculates number of entries
* in shared spill-over area
*
* @return Number of entries in the linear spill-over areay
*/
public int spilloverCount() {
// difference between spillover end, start, divided by 4 (four ints per slot)
return (_spilloverEnd - _spilloverStart()) >> 2;
}
public int totalCount()
{
int count = 0;
for (int offset = 3, end = (_hashSize << 3); offset < end; offset += 4) {
if (_hashArea[offset] != 0) {
++count;
}
}
return count;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
int pri = primaryCount();
int sec = secondaryCount();
int tert = tertiaryCount();
int spill = spilloverCount();
int total = totalCount();
return String.format("[%s: size=%d, hashSize=%d, %d/%d/%d/%d pri/sec/ter/spill (=%s), total:%d]",
getClass().getName(), _count, _hashSize,
pri, sec, tert, spill, (pri+sec+tert+spill), total);
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Public API, accessing symbols
/**********************************************************
*/
public String findName(int q1)
{
int offset = _calcOffset(calcHash(q1));
// first: primary match?
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if (len == 1) {
if (hashArea[offset] == q1) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
} else if (len == 0) { // empty slot; unlikely but avoid further lookups if so
return null;
}
// secondary? single slot shared by N/2 primaries
int offset2 = _secondaryStart + ((offset >> 3) << 2);
len = hashArea[offset2+3];
if (len == 1) {
if (hashArea[offset2] == q1) {
return _names[offset2 >> 2];
}
} else if (len == 0) { // empty slot; unlikely but avoid further lookups if so
return null;
}
// tertiary lookup & spillovers best to offline
return _findSecondary(offset, q1);
}
public String findName(int q1, int q2)
{
int offset = _calcOffset(calcHash(q1, q2));
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if (len == 2) {
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (q2 == hashArea[offset+1])) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
} else if (len == 0) { // empty slot; unlikely but avoid further lookups if so
return null;
}
// secondary?
int offset2 = _secondaryStart + ((offset >> 3) << 2);
len = hashArea[offset2+3];
if (len == 2) {
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset2]) && (q2 == hashArea[offset2+1])) {
return _names[offset2 >> 2];
}
} else if (len == 0) { // empty slot? Short-circuit if no more spillovers
return null;
}
return _findSecondary(offset, q1, q2);
}
public String findName(int q1, int q2, int q3)
{
int offset = _calcOffset(calcHash(q1, q2, q3));
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if (len == 3) {
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (hashArea[offset+1] == q2) && (hashArea[offset+2] == q3)) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
} else if (len == 0) { // empty slot; unlikely but avoid further lookups if so
return null;
}
// secondary?
int offset2 = _secondaryStart + ((offset >> 3) << 2);
len = hashArea[offset2+3];
if (len == 3) {
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset2]) && (hashArea[offset2+1] == q2) && (hashArea[offset2+2] == q3)) {
return _names[offset2 >> 2];
}
} else if (len == 0) { // empty slot? Short-circuit if no more spillovers
return null;
}
return _findSecondary(offset, q1, q2, q3);
}
public String findName(int[] q, int qlen)
{
/* This version differs significantly, because longer names do not fit within cell.
* Rather, they contain hash in main slot, and offset+length to extension area
* that contains actual quads.
*/
if (qlen < 4) { // another sanity check
switch (qlen) {
case 3:
return findName(q[0], q[1], q[2]);
case 2:
return findName(q[0], q[1]);
case 1:
return findName(q[0]);
default: // if 0 ever passed
return "";
}
}
final int hash = calcHash(q, qlen);
int offset = _calcOffset(hash);
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
final int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if ((hash == hashArea[offset]) && (len == qlen)) {
// probable but not guaranteed: verify
if (_verifyLongName(q, qlen, hashArea[offset+1])) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
}
if (len == 0) { // empty slot; unlikely but avoid further lookups if so
return null;
}
// secondary?
int offset2 = _secondaryStart + ((offset >> 3) << 2);
final int len2 = hashArea[offset2+3];
if ((hash == hashArea[offset2]) && (len2 == qlen)) {
if (_verifyLongName(q, qlen, hashArea[offset2+1])) {
return _names[offset2 >> 2];
}
}
return _findSecondary(offset, hash, q, qlen);
}
private final int _calcOffset(int hash)
{
// NOTE: simple for initial impl, but we may want to interleave it a bit
// in near future
// So: first, hash into primary hash index
int ix = hash & (_hashSize-1);
// keeping in mind we have 4 ints per entry
return (ix << 2);
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Access from spill-over areas
/**********************************************************
*/
private String _findSecondary(int origOffset, int q1)
{
// tertiary area division is dynamic. First; its size is N/4 compared to
// primary hash size; and offsets are for 4 int slots. So to get to logical
// index would shift by 4. But! Tertiary area is further split into buckets,
// determined by shift value. And finally, from bucket back into physical offsets
int offset = _tertiaryStart + ((origOffset >> (_tertiaryShift + 2)) << _tertiaryShift);
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
final int bucketSize = (1 << _tertiaryShift);
for (int end = offset + bucketSize; offset < end; offset += 4) {
int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (1 == len)) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
if (len == 0) {
return null;
}
}
// but if tertiary full, check out spill-over area as last resort
// shared spillover starts at 7/8 of the main hash area
// (which is sized at 2 * _hashSize), so:
for (offset = _spilloverStart(); offset < _spilloverEnd; offset += 4) {
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (1 == hashArea[offset+3])) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
}
return null;
}
private String _findSecondary(int origOffset, int q1, int q2)
{
int offset = _tertiaryStart + ((origOffset >> (_tertiaryShift + 2)) << _tertiaryShift);
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
final int bucketSize = (1 << _tertiaryShift);
for (int end = offset + bucketSize; offset < end; offset += 4) {
int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (q2 == hashArea[offset+1]) && (2 == len)) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
if (len == 0) {
return null;
}
}
for (offset = _spilloverStart(); offset < _spilloverEnd; offset += 4) {
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (q2 == hashArea[offset+1]) && (2 == hashArea[offset+3])) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
}
return null;
}
private String _findSecondary(int origOffset, int q1, int q2, int q3)
{
int offset = _tertiaryStart + ((origOffset >> (_tertiaryShift + 2)) << _tertiaryShift);
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
final int bucketSize = (1 << _tertiaryShift);
for (int end = offset + bucketSize; offset < end; offset += 4) {
int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (q2 == hashArea[offset+1]) && (q3 == hashArea[offset+2]) && (3 == len)) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
if (len == 0) {
return null;
}
}
for (offset = _spilloverStart(); offset < _spilloverEnd; offset += 4) {
if ((q1 == hashArea[offset]) && (q2 == hashArea[offset+1]) && (q3 == hashArea[offset+2])
&& (3 == hashArea[offset+3])) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
}
return null;
}
private String _findSecondary(int origOffset, int hash, int[] q, int qlen)
{
int offset = _tertiaryStart + ((origOffset >> (_tertiaryShift + 2)) << _tertiaryShift);
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
final int bucketSize = (1 << _tertiaryShift);
for (int end = offset + bucketSize; offset < end; offset += 4) {
int len = hashArea[offset+3];
if ((hash == hashArea[offset]) && (qlen == len)) {
if (_verifyLongName(q, qlen, hashArea[offset+1])) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
}
if (len == 0) {
return null;
}
}
for (offset = _spilloverStart(); offset < _spilloverEnd; offset += 4) {
if ((hash == hashArea[offset]) && (qlen == hashArea[offset+3])) {
if (_verifyLongName(q, qlen, hashArea[offset+1])) {
return _names[offset >> 2];
}
}
}
return null;
}
private boolean _verifyLongName(int[] q, int qlen, int spillOffset)
{
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
// spillOffset assumed to be physical index right into quad string
int ix = 0;
switch (qlen) {
default:
return _verifyLongName2(q, qlen, spillOffset);
case 8:
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
case 7:
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
case 6:
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
case 5:
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
case 4: // always at least 4
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
if (q[ix++] != hashArea[spillOffset++]) return false;
}
return true;
}
private boolean _verifyLongName2(int[] q, int qlen, int spillOffset)
{
int ix = 0;
do {
if (q[ix++] != _hashArea[spillOffset++]) {
return false;
}
} while (ix < qlen);
return true;
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* API, mutators
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* @param name Name to add
* @param q1 Quad representation of the name
* @return name (possibly interned)
* @throws StreamConstraintsException if the constraint exceptions
*/
public String addName(String name, int q1) throws StreamConstraintsException {
_verifySharing();
if (_interner != null) {
name = _interner.intern(name);
}
int offset = _findOffsetForAdd(calcHash(q1));
_hashArea[offset] = q1;
_hashArea[offset+3] = 1;
_names[offset >> 2] = name;
++_count;
return name;
}
/**
* @param name Name to add
* @param q1 First quad of name representation
* @param q2 Second quad of name representation
* @return name (possibly interned)
* @throws StreamConstraintsException if the constraint exceptions
*/
public String addName(String name, int q1, int q2) throws StreamConstraintsException {
_verifySharing();
if (_interner != null) {
name = _interner.intern(name);
}
// 20-Mar-2021, tatu: For some reason, pre-2.13 there was logic
// to support "only one quad" case. Not sure why, does not make sense;
// removed from 2.13.0.
// int hash = (q2 == 0) ? calcHash(q1) : calcHash(q1, q2);
final int hash = calcHash(q1, q2);
final int offset = _findOffsetForAdd(hash);
_hashArea[offset] = q1;
_hashArea[offset+1] = q2;
_hashArea[offset+3] = 2;
_names[offset >> 2] = name;
++_count;
return name;
}
/**
* @param name Name to add
* @param q1 First quad of name representation
* @param q2 Second quad of name representation
* @param q3 Third quad of name representation
* @return name (possibly interned)
* @throws StreamConstraintsException if the constraint exceptions
*/
public String addName(String name, int q1, int q2, int q3) throws StreamConstraintsException {
_verifySharing();
if (_interner != null) {
name = _interner.intern(name);
}
int offset = _findOffsetForAdd(calcHash(q1, q2, q3));
_hashArea[offset] = q1;
_hashArea[offset+1] = q2;
_hashArea[offset+2] = q3;
_hashArea[offset+3] = 3;
_names[offset >> 2] = name;
++_count;
return name;
}
/**
* @param name Name to add
* @param q Quads of name representation
* @param qlen Number of quads in {@code q}
* @return name (possibly interned)
* @throws StreamConstraintsException if the constraint exceptions
*/
public String addName(String name, int[] q, int qlen) throws StreamConstraintsException
{
_verifySharing();
if (_interner != null) {
name = _interner.intern(name);
}
int offset;
switch (qlen) {
case 1:
{
offset = _findOffsetForAdd(calcHash(q[0]));
_hashArea[offset] = q[0];
_hashArea[offset+3] = 1;
}
break;
case 2:
{
offset = _findOffsetForAdd(calcHash(q[0], q[1]));
_hashArea[offset] = q[0];
_hashArea[offset+1] = q[1];
_hashArea[offset+3] = 2;
}
break;
case 3:
{
offset = _findOffsetForAdd(calcHash(q[0], q[1], q[2]));
_hashArea[offset] = q[0];
_hashArea[offset+1] = q[1];
_hashArea[offset+2] = q[2];
_hashArea[offset+3] = 3;
}
break;
default:
final int hash = calcHash(q, qlen);
offset = _findOffsetForAdd(hash);
_hashArea[offset] = hash;
int longStart = _appendLongName(q, qlen);
_hashArea[offset+1] = longStart;
_hashArea[offset+3] = qlen;
}
// plus add the actual String
_names[offset >> 2] = name;
// and finally; see if we really should rehash.
++_count;
return name;
}
private void _verifySharing()
{
if (_hashShared) {
// 12-Mar-2021, tatu: prevent modifying of "placeholder" and
// parent tables
if (_parent == null) {
if (_count == 0) { // root
throw new IllegalStateException("Internal error: Cannot add names to Root symbol table");
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Internal error: Cannot add names to Placeholder symbol table");
}
_hashArea = Arrays.copyOf(_hashArea, _hashArea.length);
_names = Arrays.copyOf(_names, _names.length);
_hashShared = false;
}
}
/**
* Method called to find the location within hash table to add a new symbol in.
*
* @param hash Hash of name for which to find location
*
* @throws StreamConstraintsException If name length exceeds maximum allowed.
*/
private int _findOffsetForAdd(int hash) throws StreamConstraintsException
{
// first, check the primary: if slot found, no need for resize
int offset = _calcOffset(hash);
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
if (hashArea[offset+3] == 0) {
//System.err.printf(" PRImary slot #%d, hash %X\n", (offset>>2), hash & 0x7F);
return offset;
}
// Otherwise let's see if we are due resize():
if (_checkNeedForRehash()) {
return _resizeAndFindOffsetForAdd(hash);
}
// If not, proceed with secondary slot
int offset2 = _secondaryStart + ((offset >> 3) << 2);
if (hashArea[offset2+3] == 0) {
//System.err.printf(" SECondary slot #%d (start x%X), hash %X\n",(offset >> 3), _secondaryStart, (hash & 0x7F));
return offset2;
}
// if not, tertiary?
offset2 = _tertiaryStart + ((offset >> (_tertiaryShift + 2)) << _tertiaryShift);
final int bucketSize = (1 << _tertiaryShift);
for (int end = offset2 + bucketSize; offset2 < end; offset2 += 4) {
if (hashArea[offset2+3] == 0) {
//System.err.printf(" TERtiary slot x%X (from x%X, start x%X), hash %X.\n", offset2, ((offset >> (_tertiaryShift + 2)) << _tertiaryShift), _tertiaryStart, (hash & 0x7F));
return offset2;
}
}
// and if even tertiary full, append at the end of spill area
offset = _spilloverEnd;
_spilloverEnd += 4;
//System.err.printf(" SPIll-over at x%X; start x%X; end x%X, hash %X\n", offset, _spilloverStart(), _hashArea.length, (hash & 0x7F));
// one caveat: in the unlikely event if spill-over filling up,
// check if that could be considered a DoS attack; handle appropriately
// (NOTE: approximate for now; we could verify details if that becomes necessary)
/* 31-Jul-2015, tatu: Note that spillover area does NOT end at end of array,
* since "long names" area follows. Instead, need to calculate from hash size.
*/
final int end = (_hashSize << 3);
if (_spilloverEnd >= end) {
if (_failOnDoS) {
_reportTooManyCollisions();
}
return _resizeAndFindOffsetForAdd(hash);
}
return offset;
}
// @since 2.10
private int _resizeAndFindOffsetForAdd(int hash) throws StreamConstraintsException
{
// First things first: we need to resize+rehash (or, if too big, nuke contents)
rehash();
// Copy of main _findOffsetForAdd except for checks to resize: can not be needed
int offset = _calcOffset(hash);
final int[] hashArea = _hashArea;
if (hashArea[offset+3] == 0) {
return offset;
}
int offset2 = _secondaryStart + ((offset >> 3) << 2);
if (hashArea[offset2+3] == 0) {
return offset2;
}
offset2 = _tertiaryStart + ((offset >> (_tertiaryShift + 2)) << _tertiaryShift);
final int bucketSize = (1 << _tertiaryShift);
for (int end = offset2 + bucketSize; offset2 < end; offset2 += 4) {
if (hashArea[offset2+3] == 0) {
return offset2;
}
}
offset = _spilloverEnd;
_spilloverEnd += 4;
return offset;
}
// @since 2.17
static int multiplyByFourFifths(int number) {
return (int) (number * 3_435_973_837L >>> 32);
}
// Helper method for checking if we should simply rehash() before add
private boolean _checkNeedForRehash() {
// Yes if above 80%, or above 50% AND have ~1% spill-overs
if (_count > (_hashSize >> 1)) { // over 50%
int spillCount = (_spilloverEnd - _spilloverStart()) >> 2;
if ((spillCount > (1 + _count >> 7))
|| (_count > multiplyByFourFifths(_hashSize))) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private int _appendLongName(int[] quads, int qlen)
{
int start = _longNameOffset;
// note: at this point we must already be shared. But may not have enough space
if ((start + qlen) > _hashArea.length) {
// try to increment in reasonable chunks; at least space that we need
int toAdd = (start + qlen) - _hashArea.length;
// but at least 1/8 of regular hash area size or 16kB (whichever smaller)
int minAdd = Math.min(4096, _hashSize);
int newSize = _hashArea.length + Math.max(toAdd, minAdd);
_hashArea = Arrays.copyOf(_hashArea, newSize);
}
System.arraycopy(quads, 0, _hashArea, start, qlen);
_longNameOffset += qlen;
return start;
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Hash calculation
/**********************************************************
*/
/* Note on hash calculation: we try to make it more difficult to
* generate collisions automatically; part of this is to avoid
* simple "multiply-add" algorithm (like JDK String.hashCode()),
* and add bit of shifting. And other part is to make this
* non-linear, at least for shorter symbols.
*/
// JDK uses 31; other fine choices are 33 and 65599, let's use 33
// as it seems to give fewest collisions for us
// (see [http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/hash.html] for details)
private final static int MULT = 33;
private final static int MULT2 = 65599;
private final static int MULT3 = 31;
public int calcHash(int q1)
{
int hash = q1 ^ _seed;
/* 29-Mar-2015, tatu: Earlier used 15 + 9 right shifts, which worked ok
* except for one specific problem case: numbers. So needed to make sure
* that all 4 least-significant bits participate in hash. Couple of ways
* to work it out, but this is the simplest, fast and seems to do ok.
*/
hash += (hash >>> 16); // to xor hi- and low- 16-bits
hash ^= (hash << 3); // shuffle back a bit
hash += (hash >>> 12); // and bit more
return hash;
}
public int calcHash(int q1, int q2)
{
// For two quads, let's change algorithm a bit, to spice
// things up (can do bit more processing anyway)
int hash = q1;
hash += (hash >>> 15); // try mixing first and second byte pairs first
hash ^= (hash >>> 9); // as well as lowest 2 bytes
hash += (q2 * MULT); // then add second quad
hash ^= _seed;
hash += (hash >>> 16); // and shuffle some more
hash ^= (hash >>> 4);
hash += (hash << 3);
return hash;
}
public int calcHash(int q1, int q2, int q3)
{ // use same algorithm as multi-byte, tested to work well
int hash = q1 ^ _seed;
hash += (hash >>> 9);
hash *= MULT3;
hash += q2;
hash *= MULT;
hash += (hash >>> 15);
hash ^= q3;
// 26-Mar-2015, tatu: As per two-quad case, a short shift seems to help more here
hash += (hash >>> 4);
hash += (hash >>> 15);
hash ^= (hash << 9);
return hash;
}
/**
* @param q int array
* @param qlen length
* @return hash
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if qlen is less than 4
*/
public int calcHash(int[] q, int qlen)
{
if (qlen < 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("qlen is too short, needs to be at least 4");
}
/* And then change handling again for "multi-quad" case; mostly
* to make calculation of collisions less fun. For example,
* add seed bit later in the game, and switch plus/xor around,
* use different shift lengths.
*/
int hash = q[0] ^ _seed;
hash += (hash >>> 9);
hash += q[1];
hash += (hash >>> 15);
hash *= MULT;
hash ^= q[2];
hash += (hash >>> 4);
for (int i = 3; i < qlen; ++i) {
int next = q[i];
next = next ^ (next >> 21);
hash += next;
}
hash *= MULT2;
// and finally shuffle some more once done
hash += (hash >>> 19);
hash ^= (hash << 5);
return hash;
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Rehashing
/**********************************************************
*/
private void rehash() throws StreamConstraintsException
{
// Note: since we'll make copies, no need to unshare, can just mark as such:
_hashShared = false;
// And then we can first deal with the main hash area. Since we are expanding
// linearly (double up), we know there'll be no collisions during this phase.
final int[] oldHashArea = _hashArea;
final String[] oldNames = _names;
final int oldSize = _hashSize;
final int oldCount = _count;
final int newSize = oldSize + oldSize;
final int oldEnd = _spilloverEnd;
/* 13-Mar-2010, tatu: Let's guard against OOME that could be caused by
* large documents with unique (or mostly so) names
*/
if (newSize > MAX_T_SIZE) {
nukeSymbols(true);
return;
}
// double up main hash area, but do not expand long-name area:
_hashArea = new int[oldHashArea.length + (oldSize<<3)];
_hashSize = newSize;
_secondaryStart = (newSize << 2); // 4 ints per entry
_tertiaryStart = _secondaryStart + (_secondaryStart >> 1); // right after secondary
_tertiaryShift = _calcTertiaryShift(newSize);
// and simply double up name array
_names = new String[oldNames.length << 1];
nukeSymbols(false);
// Plus we can scan only through the primary hash area, looking for non-empty
// slots, without worrying about ordering. This should never reduce priority
// of existing entries: primaries remain primaries; however, due to increased
// space, secondaries may become primaries etc
int copyCount = 0;
int[] q = new int[16];
for (int offset = 0, end = oldEnd; offset < end; offset += 4) {
int len = oldHashArea[offset+3];
if (len == 0) { // empty slot, skip
continue;
}
++copyCount;
String name = oldNames[offset>>2];
switch (len) {
case 1:
q[0] = oldHashArea[offset];
addName(name, q, 1);
break;
case 2:
q[0] = oldHashArea[offset];
q[1] = oldHashArea[offset+1];
addName(name, q, 2);
break;
case 3:
q[0] = oldHashArea[offset];
q[1] = oldHashArea[offset+1];
q[2] = oldHashArea[offset+2];
addName(name, q, 3);
break;
default:
if (len > q.length) {
q = new int[len];
}
// #0 is hash, #1 offset
int qoff = oldHashArea[offset+1];
System.arraycopy(oldHashArea, qoff, q, 0, len);
addName(name, q, len);
break;
}
}
// Sanity checks: since corruption difficult to detect, assert explicitly
// with production code
if (copyCount != oldCount) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Internal error: Failed rehash(), old count="+oldCount+", copyCount="+copyCount);
}
}
/**
* Helper method called to empty all shared symbols, but to leave
* arrays allocated
*/
private void nukeSymbols(boolean fill) {
_count = 0;
// reset spill-over to empty (starting at 7/8 of hash area)
_spilloverEnd = _spilloverStart();
// and long name area to empty, starting immediately after hash area
_longNameOffset = _hashSize << 3;
if (fill) {
Arrays.fill(_hashArea, 0);
Arrays.fill(_names, null);
}
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Helper methods
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Helper method that calculates start of the spillover area
*/
private final int _spilloverStart() {
// we'll need slot at 1.75x of hashSize, but with 4-ints per slot.
// So basically multiply by 7
int offset = _hashSize;
return (offset << 3) - offset;
}
protected void _reportTooManyCollisions() throws StreamConstraintsException
{
// First: do not fuzz about small symbol tables; may get balanced by doubling up
if (_hashSize <= 1024) { // would have spill-over area of 128 entries
return;
}
throw new StreamConstraintsException("Spill-over slots in symbol table with "+_count
+" entries, hash area of "+_hashSize+" slots is now full (all "
+(_hashSize >> 3)+" slots -- suspect a DoS attack based on hash collisions."
+" You can disable the check via `JsonFactory.Feature.FAIL_ON_SYMBOL_HASH_OVERFLOW`");
}
static int _calcTertiaryShift(int primarySlots)
{
// first: we only get 1/4 of slots of primary, to divide
int tertSlots = (primarySlots) >> 2;
// default is for buckets of 4 slots (each 4 ints, i.e. 1 << 4)
if (tertSlots < 64) {
return 4;
}
if (tertSlots <= 256) { // buckets of 8 slots (up to 256 == 32 x 8)
return 5;
}
if (tertSlots <= 1024) { // buckets of 16 slots (up to 1024 == 64 x 16)
return 6;
}
// and biggest buckets have 32 slots
return 7;
}
/*
/**********************************************************
/* Helper classes
/**********************************************************
*/
/**
* Immutable value class used for sharing information as efficiently
* as possible, by only require synchronization of reference manipulation
* but not access to contents.
*
* @since 2.1
*/
private final static class TableInfo
{
public final int size;
public final int count;
public final int tertiaryShift;
public final int[] mainHash;
public final String[] names;
public final int spilloverEnd;
public final int longNameOffset;
public TableInfo(int size, int count, int tertiaryShift,
int[] mainHash, String[] names, int spilloverEnd, int longNameOffset)
{
this.size = size;
this.count = count;
this.tertiaryShift = tertiaryShift;
this.mainHash = mainHash;
this.names = names;
this.spilloverEnd = spilloverEnd;
this.longNameOffset = longNameOffset;
}
public TableInfo(ByteQuadsCanonicalizer src)
{
size = src._hashSize;
count = src._count;
tertiaryShift = src._tertiaryShift;
mainHash = src._hashArea;
names = src._names;
spilloverEnd = src._spilloverEnd;
longNameOffset = src._longNameOffset;
}
public static TableInfo createInitial(int sz) {
int hashAreaSize = sz << 3;
int tertShift = _calcTertiaryShift(sz);
return new TableInfo(sz, // hashSize
0, // count
tertShift,
new int[hashAreaSize], // mainHash, 2x slots, 4 ints per slot
new String[sz << 1], // names == 2x slots
hashAreaSize - sz, // at 7/8 of the total area
hashAreaSize // longNameOffset, immediately after main hashes
);
}
}
}