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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.databricks.spark.redshift
import java.sql.{ResultSet, PreparedStatement, Connection, Driver, DriverManager, ResultSetMetaData, SQLException}
import java.util.Properties
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
import java.util.concurrent.{ThreadFactory, Executors}
import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
import scala.concurrent.{Await, ExecutionContext, Future}
import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration
import scala.util.Try
import org.apache.spark.SPARK_VERSION
import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.DriverRegistry
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
/**
* Shim which exposes some JDBC helper functions. Most of this code is copied from Spark SQL, with
* minor modifications for Redshift-specific features and limitations.
*/
private[redshift] class JDBCWrapper {
private val log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass)
private val ec: ExecutionContext = {
val threadFactory = new ThreadFactory {
private[this] val count = new AtomicInteger()
override def newThread(r: Runnable) = {
val thread = new Thread(r)
thread.setName(s"spark-redshift-JDBCWrapper-${count.incrementAndGet}")
thread.setDaemon(true)
thread
}
}
ExecutionContext.fromExecutorService(Executors.newCachedThreadPool(threadFactory))
}
/**
* Given a JDBC subprotocol, returns the name of the appropriate driver class to use.
*
* If the user has explicitly specified a driver class in their configuration then that class will
* be used. Otherwise, we will attempt to load the correct driver class based on
* the JDBC subprotocol.
*
* @param jdbcSubprotocol 'redshift' or 'postgresql'
* @param userProvidedDriverClass an optional user-provided explicit driver class name
* @return the driver class
*/
private def getDriverClass(
jdbcSubprotocol: String,
userProvidedDriverClass: Option[String]): String = {
userProvidedDriverClass.getOrElse {
jdbcSubprotocol match {
case "redshift" =>
try {
Utils.classForName("com.amazon.redshift.jdbc42.Driver").getName
} catch {
case _: ClassNotFoundException =>
try {
Utils.classForName("com.amazon.redshift.jdbc41.Driver").getName
} catch {
case _: ClassNotFoundException =>
try {
Utils.classForName("com.amazon.redshift.jdbc4.Driver").getName
} catch {
case e: ClassNotFoundException =>
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
"Could not load an Amazon Redshift JDBC driver; see the README for " +
"instructions on downloading and configuring the official Amazon driver.",
e
)
}
}
}
case "postgresql" => "org.postgresql.Driver"
case other => throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Unsupported JDBC protocol: '$other'")
}
}
}
/**
* Execute the given SQL statement while supporting interruption.
* If InterruptedException is caught, then the statement will be cancelled if it is running.
*
* @return true if the first result is a ResultSet
* object; false if the first result is an update
* count or there is no result
*/
def executeInterruptibly(statement: PreparedStatement): Boolean = {
executeInterruptibly(statement, _.execute())
}
/**
* Execute the given SQL statement while supporting interruption.
* If InterruptedException is caught, then the statement will be cancelled if it is running.
*
* @return a ResultSet object that contains the data produced by the
* query; never null
*/
def executeQueryInterruptibly(statement: PreparedStatement): ResultSet = {
executeInterruptibly(statement, _.executeQuery())
}
private def executeInterruptibly[T](
statement: PreparedStatement,
op: PreparedStatement => T): T = {
try {
val future = Future[T](op(statement))(ec)
Await.result(future, Duration.Inf)
} catch {
case e: InterruptedException =>
try {
statement.cancel()
throw e
} catch {
case s: SQLException =>
log.error("Exception occurred while cancelling query", s)
throw e
}
}
}
/**
* Takes a (schema, table) specification and returns the table's Catalyst
* schema.
*
* @param conn A JDBC connection to the database.
* @param table The table name of the desired table. This may also be a
* SQL query wrapped in parentheses.
*
* @return A StructType giving the table's Catalyst schema.
* @throws SQLException if the table specification is garbage.
* @throws SQLException if the table contains an unsupported type.
*/
def resolveTable(conn: Connection, table: String): StructType = {
val rs = executeQueryInterruptibly(conn.prepareStatement(s"SELECT * FROM $table WHERE 1=0"))
try {
val rsmd = rs.getMetaData
val ncols = rsmd.getColumnCount
val fields = new Array[StructField](ncols)
var i = 0
while (i < ncols) {
val columnName = rsmd.getColumnLabel(i + 1)
val dataType = rsmd.getColumnType(i + 1)
val fieldSize = rsmd.getPrecision(i + 1)
val fieldScale = rsmd.getScale(i + 1)
val isSigned = rsmd.isSigned(i + 1)
val nullable = rsmd.isNullable(i + 1) != ResultSetMetaData.columnNoNulls
val columnType = getCatalystType(dataType, fieldSize, fieldScale, isSigned)
fields(i) = StructField(columnName, columnType, nullable)
i = i + 1
}
new StructType(fields)
} finally {
rs.close()
}
}
/**
* Given a driver string and a JDBC url, load the specified driver and return a DB connection.
*
* @param userProvidedDriverClass the class name of the JDBC driver for the given url. If this
* is None then `spark-redshift` will attempt to automatically
* discover the appropriate driver class.
* @param url the JDBC url to connect to.
*/
def getConnector(
userProvidedDriverClass: Option[String],
url: String,
credentials: Option[(String, String)]) : Connection = {
val subprotocol = url.stripPrefix("jdbc:").split(":")(0)
val driverClass: String = getDriverClass(subprotocol, userProvidedDriverClass)
DriverRegistry.register(driverClass)
val driverWrapperClass: Class[_] = if (SPARK_VERSION.startsWith("1.4")) {
Utils.classForName("org.apache.spark.sql.jdbc.package$DriverWrapper")
} else { // Spark 1.5.0+
Utils.classForName("org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.DriverWrapper")
}
def getWrapped(d: Driver): Driver = {
require(driverWrapperClass.isAssignableFrom(d.getClass))
driverWrapperClass.getDeclaredMethod("wrapped").invoke(d).asInstanceOf[Driver]
}
// Note that we purposely don't call DriverManager.getConnection() here: we want to ensure
// that an explicitly-specified user-provided driver class can take precedence over the default
// class, but DriverManager.getConnection() might return a according to a different precedence.
// At the same time, we don't want to create a driver-per-connection, so we use the
// DriverManager's driver instances to handle that singleton logic for us.
val driver: Driver = DriverManager.getDrivers.asScala.collectFirst {
case d if driverWrapperClass.isAssignableFrom(d.getClass)
&& getWrapped(d).getClass.getCanonicalName == driverClass => d
case d if d.getClass.getCanonicalName == driverClass => d
}.getOrElse {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Did not find registered driver with class $driverClass")
}
val properties = new Properties()
credentials.foreach { case(user, password) =>
properties.setProperty("user", user)
properties.setProperty("password", password)
}
driver.connect(url, properties)
}
/**
* Compute the SQL schema string for the given Spark SQL Schema.
*/
def schemaString(schema: StructType): String = {
val sb = new StringBuilder()
schema.fields.foreach { field => {
val name = field.name
val typ: String = if (field.metadata.contains("redshift_type")) {
field.metadata.getString("redshift_type")
} else {
field.dataType match {
case IntegerType => "INTEGER"
case LongType => "BIGINT"
case DoubleType => "DOUBLE PRECISION"
case FloatType => "REAL"
case ShortType => "SMALLINT"
case ByteType => "SMALLINT" // Redshift does not support the BYTE type.
case BooleanType => "BOOLEAN"
case StringType =>
if (field.metadata.contains("maxlength")) {
s"VARCHAR(${field.metadata.getLong("maxlength")})"
} else {
"TEXT"
}
case TimestampType => "TIMESTAMP"
case DateType => "DATE"
case t: DecimalType => s"DECIMAL(${t.precision},${t.scale})"
case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Don't know how to save $field to JDBC")
}
}
val nullable = if (field.nullable) "" else "NOT NULL"
val encoding = if (field.metadata.contains("encoding")) {
s"ENCODE ${field.metadata.getString("encoding")}"
} else {
""
}
sb.append(s""", "${name.replace("\"", "\\\"")}" $typ $nullable $encoding""".trim)
}}
if (sb.length < 2) "" else sb.substring(2)
}
/**
* Returns true if the table already exists in the JDBC database.
*/
def tableExists(conn: Connection, table: String): Boolean = {
// Somewhat hacky, but there isn't a good way to identify whether a table exists for all
// SQL database systems, considering "table" could also include the database name.
Try {
executeQueryInterruptibly(conn.prepareStatement(s"SELECT 1 FROM $table LIMIT 1")).next()
}.isSuccess
}
/**
* Maps a JDBC type to a Catalyst type.
*
* @param sqlType - A field of java.sql.Types
* @return The Catalyst type corresponding to sqlType.
*/
private def getCatalystType(
sqlType: Int,
precision: Int,
scale: Int,
signed: Boolean): DataType = {
// TODO: cleanup types which are irrelevant for Redshift.
val answer = sqlType match {
// scalastyle:off
case java.sql.Types.ARRAY => null
case java.sql.Types.BIGINT => if (signed) { LongType } else { DecimalType(20,0) }
case java.sql.Types.BINARY => BinaryType
case java.sql.Types.BIT => BooleanType // @see JdbcDialect for quirks
case java.sql.Types.BLOB => BinaryType
case java.sql.Types.BOOLEAN => BooleanType
case java.sql.Types.CHAR => StringType
case java.sql.Types.CLOB => StringType
case java.sql.Types.DATALINK => null
case java.sql.Types.DATE => DateType
case java.sql.Types.DECIMAL
if precision != 0 || scale != 0 => DecimalType(precision, scale)
case java.sql.Types.DECIMAL => DecimalType(38, 18) // Spark 1.5.0 default
case java.sql.Types.DISTINCT => null
case java.sql.Types.DOUBLE => DoubleType
case java.sql.Types.FLOAT => FloatType
case java.sql.Types.INTEGER => if (signed) { IntegerType } else { LongType }
case java.sql.Types.JAVA_OBJECT => null
case java.sql.Types.LONGNVARCHAR => StringType
case java.sql.Types.LONGVARBINARY => BinaryType
case java.sql.Types.LONGVARCHAR => StringType
case java.sql.Types.NCHAR => StringType
case java.sql.Types.NCLOB => StringType
case java.sql.Types.NULL => null
case java.sql.Types.NUMERIC
if precision != 0 || scale != 0 => DecimalType(precision, scale)
case java.sql.Types.NUMERIC => DecimalType(38, 18) // Spark 1.5.0 default
case java.sql.Types.NVARCHAR => StringType
case java.sql.Types.OTHER => null
case java.sql.Types.REAL => DoubleType
case java.sql.Types.REF => StringType
case java.sql.Types.ROWID => LongType
case java.sql.Types.SMALLINT => ShortType
case java.sql.Types.SQLXML => StringType
case java.sql.Types.STRUCT => StringType
case java.sql.Types.TIME => TimestampType
case java.sql.Types.TIMESTAMP => TimestampType
case java.sql.Types.TINYINT => IntegerType
case java.sql.Types.VARBINARY => BinaryType
case java.sql.Types.VARCHAR => StringType
case _ => null
// scalastyle:on
}
if (answer == null) throw new SQLException("Unsupported type " + sqlType)
answer
}
}
private[redshift] object DefaultJDBCWrapper extends JDBCWrapper
