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Java Input-Output Monad

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package jio;

import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

/**
 * Represents a output, which is an irreducible expression. Values of type {@code Val} encapsulate a output of type
 * {@code O}. These values are terminal and represent the end result of an effectful computation.
 *
 * It's important to note that in the context of effectful computations, the {@code IO} type can
 * be either {@code Val} (irreducible) or {@code Exp} (composable expressions made up of different operations). While
 * {@code Val} represents a final output, {@code Exp} expressions are composable and can involve multiple sub-effects
 * that need to be executed in a specific order.
 *
 * @param  the type of the output encapsulated by this {@code Val}.
 */
final class Val extends IO {

  private final Callable> effect;

  Val(final Callable> effect) {
    this.effect = requireNonNull(effect);
  }

  @Override
  public Result call() throws Exception {
    return effect.call();
  }

}